2b.
Data visualization
Q3 - Part 1:
```python
import numpy as np
from [Link] import describe
# Student scores
scores = [Link]([34, 36, 36, 38, 38, 39, 39, 40, 40, 41, 41, 41, 41, 42, 42, 45,
49, 56])
# Calculate mean, median, variance, and standard deviation
mean = [Link](scores)
median = [Link](scores)
variance = [Link](scores)
std_dev = [Link](scores)
print("Mean:", mean)
print("Median:", median)
print("Variance:", variance)
print("Standard Deviation:", std_dev)
```
Q3 - Part 2:
Now, let's analyze the data based on the calculated measures:
- **Mean:** It represents the average score.
- **Median:** It is the middle value of the dataset when it is sorted.
- **Variance:** It measures how much the scores deviate from the mean.
- **Standard Deviation:** It indicates the amount of variation or dispersion of
scores.
To interpret the data:
- **Mean vs. Median:**
- If mean equals median, the data is symmetric.
- If mean > median, the data is right-skewed (positively skewed).
- If mean < median, the data is left-skewed (negatively skewed).
- **Variance and Standard Deviation:**
- Higher variance and standard deviation indicate greater variability in scores.
Q5) **What is the nature of skewness when the mean and median of data are equal?**
- When the mean and median are equal, the skewness is 0, indicating a symmetrical
distribution.
Q6) **What is the nature of skewness when mean > median?**
- When the mean is greater than the median, it suggests a right-skewed (positively
skewed) distribution.
Q7) **What is the nature of skewness when median > mean?**
- When the median is greater than the mean, it suggests a left-skewed (negatively
skewed) distribution.
Q8) **What does a positive kurtosis value indicate for data?**
- Positive kurtosis indicates heavy tails and a relatively peaked distribution
compared to a normal distribution. It suggests the presence of outliers or extreme
values.
Q9) **What does a negative kurtosis value indicate for data?**
- Negative kurtosis indicates light tails and a flatter distribution compared to a
normal distribution. It suggests a lack of outliers or extreme values.