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©evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

ISBN 978-984-34-3170-1

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 †Kvm©eB AbymiY Kivi wb‡`©kbv
†Kvm© cwiwPwZ (Course Overview)
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†k‡l cv‡VvËi g~j¨vq‡b Ges BDwb‡Ui †k‡l P~ovšÍ g~j¨vq‡b eû wbe©vPwb cÖkœ I wewfbœ mgm¨v †`qv n‡q‡Q|
Aa¨q‡bi †ÿ‡Î wkÿv_©x‡`i Rb¨ wb‡`©kbv
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 cv‡Vi me¸‡jv ÔD‡Ïk¨Õ c‡o GB cvV †_‡K Kx Kx wkL‡Z cvi‡eb Zv †R‡b wbb|
 Gicig~jcvV fv‡jvfv‡e Aa¨qb Kiæb| Aa¨q‡bi ci wkLbdj¸‡jv AwR©Z nj wK bv Zv fv‡jvfv‡e
hvPvB Kiæb| hw` wkLbdj AwR©Z bv nq Zvn‡j welqe¯‘ cybivq Aa¨qb Kiæb| †Kv_vI wPÎ _vK‡j
wP‡Îi mv‡_ welqe¯‘ wgwj‡q co–b|
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Avcbvi †bvU LvZvq wjwce× Kiæb Ges KwVb welq¸‡jv mgvav‡bi Rb¨ welqe¯‘ cybivq Aa¨qb Kiæb|
 cÖwZwU BDwb‡Ui welq¸‡jv fvjfv‡e †evSvi †ÿ‡Î Abykxj‡bi Rb¨ cÖwZwU BDwb‡Ui cÖwZwU cv‡V
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DËigvjvi mv‡_ Avcbvi DËi wgwj‡q †`Lyb| me¸‡jv cÖ‡kœi DËi mwVK bv n‡j GB cvVwU AveviI fvj
K‡i coyb Ges mgm¨vi mwVK mgvav‡bi †Póv Kiæb| P~ovšÍ g~j¨vq‡bi †ÿ‡Î GKB c×wZ AbymiY Kiæb|
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Avcwb cÖ_‡gB Avcbvi wel‡q KZwU wUD‡Uvwiqvj K¬vm cv‡eb Zv Avcbvi ÷vwW †m›Uvi †_‡K †R‡b wbb
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 wUD‡Uvwiqvj mvwf©m‡K Kvh©‡cv‡hvMx Ki‡Z Avcbvi cvV¨cy¯ÍKwUi mKj BDwbU‡K KZwU As‡k fvM K‡i
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mvnvh¨ wbb| GKB c×wZ AbymiY K‡i me¸‡jv cvV Aa¨qb †kl Kiæb|
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cÖ_‡gB cwiwPZ n‡Z n‡e| G‡Z cy‡iv †Kvm© gwWDj Gi †Kvb&wU wkLbdj, †Kvb&wU welqe¯‘/g~jcvV, †Kvb&wU
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e¨eüZ wewfbœ AvBKb ev cÖZxK¸‡jv †`Lv‡bv n‡jv|

†Kvm©eB Abymi‡Yi †Kvm© /BDwbU

D‡Ïk¨ welqe¯‘/g~jcvV wkÿv_©xi KvR mvims‡ÿc
wb‡`©kbv mgvwßi mgq

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb P~ovšÍ g~j¨vqb DËigvjv wfwWI ev †`Lv AwWI ev †kvbv mvnvh¨/cÖ‡ qvR‡b

†Kvm© mgvwßi mgq †Kvm©wU mgvwßi m‡e©v”P mgq 40 mßvn

evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vj‡qi I‡cb ¯‹zj cwiPvwjZ GBPGmwm †cÖvMÖv‡gi wk¶v_x©eÜz‡`i Rb¨
D”PZi MwYZ 2q cÎ wel‡qi AwWI †cÖvMÖvg eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`k †eZvi Ges wfwWI †cÖvMÖvg
evsjv‡`k †Uwjwfkb (wewUwf) KZ…©K mßv‡ni wbw`©ó w`‡bi wbw`©ó mg‡q cÖPvwiZ n‡q Avm‡Q|
wk¶v_x©e„›`, Avcbviv ÷vwW †m›Uvi †_‡K †cÖvMÖvg wmwWDj msMÖn K‡i wbw`©ó w`‡bi wbw`©ó mg‡qi
cÖPvwiZ †cÖvMÖvgwU †`L‡j DcK…Z n‡eb e‡j Avkv Kiv hvq| Gmgq MwY‡Zi welq¸‡jv †evSvi
myweav‡_© eBwU mvg‡b wb‡q emyb Ges cÖ‡qvRbxq welq¸wj †bvU Kivi Rb¨ KvMR, Kjg mv‡_
AwWI/wfwWI ivLyb| †Kv‡bv welq eyS‡Z Amyweav n‡j cÖ‡qvR‡b Avcbvi wUDU‡ii mnvqZv wbb|
Avcbvi ÷vwW †m›Uv‡ii †Kvm© wUDUi
A_ev,
†gv: Av‡bvqviæj Bmjvg, I‡cb ¯‹zj
evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq, MvRxcyi-1705|
mvnvh¨ ev mnvqZvi Rb¨ civgk© wbbÑ B‡gBj: islamanwar2000@[Link]
mvnvh¨/ Ges
cÖ‡qvR‡b iæby wek¦vm,I‡cb ¯‹zj
evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq, MvRxcyi-1705|
B‡gBj: runu_biswas@[Link]
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BDwbU 1: ev¯Íe msL¨v I AmgZv ........................................................................................ 1-30

cvV 1.1: ev¯Íe msL¨v I ev¯Íe msL¨vi Dc‡mU ................................................................. 2
cvV 1.2: ev¯Íe msL¨vi R¨vwgwZK cÖwZiƒc, e¨ewa I msL¨v‡iLv ............................................. 4
cvV 1.3: ev¯Íe msL¨vi exRMwYZxq ¯^xKvh© ..................................................................... 7
cvV 1.4: ev¯Íe msL¨vi ¯^xKvh© wfwËK eY©bv ................................................................... 12
cvV 1.5: ciggvb ................................................................................................. 16
cvV 1.6: GK PjK m¤^wjZ AmgZv ............................................................................ 20
cvV 1.7: ciggvb m¤^wjZ AmgZv ............................................................................. 24

BDwbU 2: RwUj msL¨v ................................................................................................... 31-60

cvV 2.1: RwUj msL¨v I Gi R¨vwgwZK cÖwZiƒc (AviMu wPÎ)............................................. 32
cvV 2.2: RwUj msL¨vi ciggvb I bwZ...................................................................... 34
cvV 2.3: AbyewÜ RwUj msL¨v ................................................................................. 37
cvV 2.4: RwUj msL¨vi ag© ..................................................................................... 38
cvV 2.5: RwUj msL¨vi †hvMdj I we‡qvMd‡ji R¨vwgwZK cÖwZiƒc .................................... 42
cvV 2.6: RwUj msL¨vi ¸Ydj I fvMd‡ji R¨vwgwZK cÖwZiƒc ......................................... 43
cvV 2.7: RwUj msL¨vi eM©g~j ................................................................................. 44
cvV 2.8: GK‡Ki Nbg~j........................................................................................ 46
cvV 2.9: wewea mgm¨v I mgvavb ............................................................................. 48
cvV 2.10:e¨envwiK .............................................................................................. 53

BDwbU 3: eûc`x I eûc`x mgxKiY.................................................................................. 61-94

cvV 3.1: eûc`x I Zvi NvZ ................................................................................... 62
cvV 3.2: eûc`x mgxKiY ...................................................................................... 63
cvV 3.3: Drcv`‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ wØNvZ mgxKi‡Yi mgvavb .................................................. 65
cvV 3.4: wØNvZ mgxKi‡Yi g~j I mn‡Mi g‡a¨ m¤úK© .................................................... 67
cvV 3.5: wØNvZ mgxKi‡Yi g~‡ji cÖK…wZ .................................................................... 70
cvV 3.6: wØNvZ mgxKiY MVb ................................................................................. 73
cvV 3.7: wØNvZ mgxKi‡Yi mvaviY g~‡ji kZ©.............................................................. 76
cvV 3.8: wÎNvZ mgxKiY....................................................................................... 78
cvV 3.9: wewea mgm¨v I mgvavb ............................................................................. 80
cvV 3.10: e¨envwiK ............................................................................................. 88

BDwbU 4: wØc`x we¯Í…wZ ................................................................................................ 95-110

cvV 4.1: MvwYwZK Av‡ivn wewa ................................................................................ 96
cvV 4.2: c¨vm‡K‡ji wÎfzR m~Î .............................................................................. 98
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cvV 4.3: (a+x) -Gi we¯Í…wZ‡Z mvaviY c` wbY©q ........................................................ 100
n
cvV 4.4: (a+x) -Gi we¯Í„wZ‡Z ga¨c` wbY©q .............................................................. 102
cvV 4.5: wØc`x aviv .......................................................................................... 104

BDwbU 5: KwbK ....................................................................................................... 111-154

cvV 5.1: KwbK m¤ú‡K© aviYv ............................................................................... 112
cvV 5.2: wewfbœ ai‡bi KwbK (e„Ë, cive„Ë, Dce„Ë, Awae„Ë) .......................................... 114
cvV 5.3: cive„Ë ............................................................................................... 115
cvV 5.4: cive„Ë (wewfbœ mgxKiY) ......................................................................... 117
cvV 5.5: cive„‡Ëi †jLwPÎ .................................................................................. 122
cvV 5.6: Dce„Ë................................................................................................ 124
cvV 5.7: Dce„Ë (wewfbœ mgxKiY) .......................................................................... 126
cvV 5.8: Dce„‡Ëi †jLwPÎ .................................................................................. 131
cvV 5.9: Dce„‡Ëi Dci¯’ †Kv‡bv we›`yi civwgwZK ¯’vbv¼ .............................................. 133
cvV 5.10: Awae„Ë .............................................................................................. 135
cvV 5.11: Awae„Ë (wewfbœ mgxKiY) ......................................................................... 137
cvV 5.12: Awae„‡Ëi †jLwPÎ ................................................................................. 141
cvV 5.13: Awae„‡Ëi AmxgZU I civwgwZK ¯’vbv¼ ....................................................... 143
cvV 5.14: e¨envwiK ........................................................................................... 146

BDwbU 6: wecixZ w·KvYwgwZK dvskb I w·KvYwgwZK mgxKiY .......................................... 155-198

cvV 6.1: wecixZ w·KvYwgwZK dvskb: msÁv I aviYv ................................................. 156
cvV 6.2: wecixZ w·KvYwgwZK dvsk‡bi iƒcvšÍi ....................................................... 160
cvV 6.3: KZK¸‡jv we‡kl m~Î I Zv‡`i cÖgvY .......................................................... 161
cvV 6.4: wecixZ w·KvYwgwZK dvskb: mgm¨v I mgvavb ............................................. 165
cvV 6.5: w·KvYwgwZK mgxKi‡Yi aviYv I msÁv ....................................................... 173
cvV 6.6: sin= r, cos= r, tan= r mgxKi‡Yi mgvavb ............................................... 175
cvV 6.7: K‡qKwU we‡kl †ÿ‡Î w·KvYwgwZK mgxKi‡Yi mgvavb..................................... 182
cvV 6.8: wbw`©ó e¨ewa‡Z w·KvYwgwZK mgxKi‡Yi mgvavb ............................................ 184
cvV 6.9: e¨envwiK ............................................................................................ 188

BDwbU 7: w¯’wZwe`¨v ................................................................................................. 199-248

cvV 7.1: ejwe`¨vi cÖv_wgK aviYv .......................................................................... 200
cvV 7.2: wewfbœ cÖKv‡ii ej ................................................................................. 201
cvV 7.3: e‡ji wµqvwe›`yi ¯’vbvšÍi wewa ................................................................... 203
cvV 7.4: mgwe›`y `yBwU e‡ji jwä .......................................................................... 206
cvV 7.5: wbw`©ó w`‡K `yBwU e‡ji AskK .................................................................. 213
cvV 7.6: e‡ji j¤^vskK ...................................................................................... 215
cvV 7.7: ej‡Rv‡Ui mvg¨ve¯’v ............................................................................... 220
 cvV 7.8: mvg¨ve¯’vi jvwgi Dccv`¨ ........................................................................ 225
cvV 7.9: mgZjxq ej‡Rv‡Ui mvg¨ve¯’vi kZ©............................................................. 232
cvV 7.10: e¨envwiK ........................................................................................... 244

BDwbU 8: mij‡iLvq ev mgZ‡j Pjgvb KYvi MwZ ............................................................ 249-300

cvV 8.1: †eM................................................................................................... 250
cvV 8.2: Av‡cwÿK †eM ...................................................................................... 259
cvV 8.3: Z¡iY.................................................................................................. 262
cvV 8.4: Djø¤^ MwZi †ÿ‡Î Z¡iY m¤úwK©Z m~Îmg~‡ni cÖ‡qvM .......................................... 274
cvV 8.5: Djø¤^ Z‡j cÖwÿß e¯‘KYvi MwZ .................................................................. 282
cvV 8.6: e¨envwiK ............................................................................................ 294

BDwbU 9: †hvMvkÖqx †cÖvMÖvg ......................................................................................... 301-322

cvV 9.1: †hvMvkÖqx †cÖvMÖv‡gi †gŠwjK aviYv ............................................................... 302
cvV 9.2: wewfbœ mgm¨vi †hvMvkÖqx †cÖvMÖvg MVb........................................................... 304
cvV 9.3: †jLwP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ wØgvwÎK mgm¨vi mgvavb .................................................. 307
cvV 9.4: e¨envwiK ............................................................................................ 318

BDwbU 10: we¯Ívi cwigvc I m¤¢vebv .............................................................................. 323-356

cvV 10.1: Dcv‡Ëi we¯Ívi Ges we¯Ívi cwigvc ............................................................. 324
cvV 10.2: cwiwgZ e¨eavb I †f`v¼ ........................................................................ 328
cvV 10.3: m¤¢vebv Ges m¤¢vebvi cÖ‡qvRbxq aviYv ....................................................... 333
cvV 10.4:GKB NUbvi cybive„wË NU‡j m¤¢vebv wbY©q ..................................................... 338
cvV 10.5: ci¯úi eR©bkxj I AeR©bkxj NUbvi Rb¨ m¤¢vebvi †hvMm~Î ............................ 340
cvV 10.6: Awbf©ikxj I wbf©ikxj NUbvi Rb¨ m¤¢vebvi ¸Yb m~Î ..................................... 342
cvV 10.7: ev¯Íe RxebwfwËK m¤¢vebv msµvšÍ mgm¨v ..................................................... 345
cvV 10.8: e¨envwiK ........................................................................................... 347

bgybv cÖkœ ............................................................................................................... 357-360

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c~Y©gvbÑ 100
(ZË¡xq: 75 b¤^i I e¨envwiK: 25 b¤^i)

m„ R b kxj (5wU cÖ ‡ kœ i DËi w` ‡Z n‡e) 50 b¤^ i

 ÔKÕ wefvM (exRMwYZ I w·KvYwgwZ) †_‡K 4 (Pvi)wU, ÔLÕ wefvM (R¨vwgwZ, ejwe`¨v I cwimsL¨vb) †_‡K 4
(Pvi)wU K‡i †gvU 8 (AvU)wU m„Rbkxj cÖkœ _vK‡e|
 cÖ‡Z¨K wefvM †_‡K Kgc‡ÿ 2 (`yB)wU K‡i †gvU 5 (cuvP)wU cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z n‡e|
 exRMwYZ I w·KvYwgwZ (ev¯Íe msL¨v I AmgZv, RwUj msL¨v, eûc`x I eûc`x mgxKiY, wØc`x we¯Í…wZ,
wecixZ w·KvYwgwZK dvskb I w·KvYwgwZK mgxKiY, †hvMvkÖqx †cÖvMÖvg)
 R¨vwgwZ, ejwe`¨v I cwimsL¨vb (KwYK, w¯’wZwe`¨v, mgZ‡j e¯‘KYvi MwZ,we¯Ívi cwigvc I m¤¢vebv)
m„Rbkxj cÖkœc‡Îi mvaviY KvVv‡gv
G‡Z cÖwZwU cÖ‡kœi ïiæ‡Z GKwU `„k¨Kí ev DÏxcK (Stem) _vK‡e hv n‡Z cv‡i GKwU mvaviY m~Pbv e³e¨, PvU©,
mgxKiY, wPÎ, MÖvd BZ¨vw`| `„k¨Kí ev DÏxc‡Ki †k‡l 3wU cÖkœ _vK‡e|
cÖkœ 3wUi b¤^i e›Ub n‡e wb¤œiƒc:
(K) mnR : cÖ‡kœi gvb _vK‡e 2
(L) ga¨ggvb : cÖ‡kœi gvb _vK‡e 4
(M) D”P/KwVbgvb : cÖ‡kœi gvb _vK‡e 4
cÖwZwU cÖ‡kœi GB 3wU As‡ki †gvU b¤^i n‡e 10|

eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ: 25b¤^i

†gvU 25 (cuwPk) wU cÖkœ _vK‡e| cÖ‡Z¨K cÖ‡kœi DËi Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖwZ cÖ‡kœi b¤^i 1 (GK)| exRMwYZ I
w·KvYwgwZ †_‡K 10/15 Ges R¨vwgwZ, ejwe`¨v I cwimsL¨vb †_‡K 15/10 wU eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ _vK‡e| mKj
BDwbU †_‡K eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ Ki‡Z n‡e|
eûwbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœi †ÿ‡Î wPšÍb `ÿZvi ¯ÍiwfwËK (cÖ‡qvM ¯Íi) wefvRb wb¤œiƒc:
mnRgvb-8wU, ga¨ggvb-12wU, D”P/KwVbgvb-5wU

e¨envwiK: 25b¤^i
(K) 5wU Kvh©µg _vK‡e, 2wU Kvh©µg m¤úbœ Ki‡Z n‡e| 8.52= 17 b¤^i
cixÿY: hš¿/DcKiY ms‡hvRb I e¨envi/mwVK cÖwµqv AbymiY/ DcvË msMÖn I
cÖwµqvKiY/ch©‡eÿY/A¼b/kbv³KiY/Abykxjb
(cÖ‡Z¨K Kvh©µ‡g cwiKíbv cÖYqb: 2 b¤^i, cwiKíbv ev¯Íevqb/mwVK cÖwµqvq
Dc¯’vcb: 2.5 b¤^i, †jLwPÎ A¼b/ DcvË we‡kølY: 2 b¤^i, e¨vL¨vmn djvdj
Dc¯’vcb/djvdj Dc¯’vcb I ch©v‡jvPbv: 2 b¤^i)
(L) e¨envwiK LvZv (†bvU eyK) Dc¯’vcb 3 b¤^i
(M) †gŠwLK Afxÿv 5 b¤^i
me©‡gvU=25 b¤^i
 cÖwZwU Kvh©µg ˆ`ePq‡bi gva¨‡g wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e|