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Table of Contents
Science and Social
1. Unit 1 : 3
Mass, Weight & Gravity 4
Properties of substances 7
Respiratory system 12
Rocks & the rock cycle 16
Distribution & preservation of flora & fauna 22
Experiment 25
2. Unit 2 31
Disease and Body Defense Mechanisms 32
Conductivity and Other Physical Properties 37
Force & Motion 42
Fossils and their formation 47
Fossils 51
Ethnic and Cultural Diversity in Indonesia 52
Experiment time 55
3. Unit 3 62
Physical Changes in Substances 63
Puberty & Reproductive System 66
Mass, Shape, and Buoyancy 71
Indonesian National Figures and Inventors 75
Soil and Its Suitability for Plants 80
Experiment time 84
Mathematics
4. Unit 1 87
Numbering 88
Measurement 90
Geometry 2d 91
Geometry 3d 93
Handling Data 96
Graph And Calculating Pie Chart In Percent 97
Exercise 102
5. Unit 2 111
Numbering 112
Measurement 113
Geometry 2d 114
Geometry 3d 116
Handling Data 119
Graph And Calculating Pie Chart In Percent 121
Exercise 125
6. Unit 3 134

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 Numbering 136
Measurement 137
Geometry 2d 139
Geometry 3d 141
Handling Data 144
Graph And Calculating Pie Chart In Percent 145
Exercise 148

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 SCIENCE & Social
UNIT 1

‫ا‬‫َّن‬‫ال‬ ‫ُذ‬ ‫ُعو‬‫ُق ْل َأ‬

‫ِس‬ ‫ِّب‬ ‫ِبَر‬
"Say: I seek refuge in the Lord of mankind."

Mass, Weight and Gravity

The first verse of Surah An-Naas reads, “Say: I seek refuge with (Allah), the Lord of
mankind” (QS. An-Naas: 1). This verse reminds us that Allah is the Sustainer and
Controller of all human beings and the universe they live in. In physics, one of the
signs of Allah’s perfect control is seen in the consistent laws of nature such as the law
of gravity. When we learn about the difference between mass and weight, we
understand that mass (in kilograms) remains constant regardless of location, while
weight (in newtons) changes depending on the strength of gravity. This distinction
highlights how Allah has designed the universe with precision: gravity varies across
different planets, yet the mass of an object does not. Just as Allah sustains the physical
balance of the universe through gravity, He also sustains and protects human life in
both physical and spiritual dimensions. Recognizing these laws in science can
strengthen our appreciation of Allah’s role as “Rabb an-Naas,” the Lord of Mankind,
who governs both the seen and unseen aspects of our existence.

Satu Nusa Satu Bangsa

By Liberty Manik
Satu nusa
Satu bangsa
Satu bahasa kita
Tanah air
Pasti jaya
Untuk s'lama-lamanya
Reff :
Indonesia pusaka
Indonesia tercinta
Nusa bangsa
Dan Bahasa

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 Kita bela bersama
🎵 “Satu nusa, satu bangsa, satu bahasa kita…”
This patriotic song speaks of unity across Indonesia’s many islands. But beyond
people and culture, there’s something else that stays the same wherever you are—
mass. Every object has mass, and it doesn’t change whether you’re in Bali, Kalimantan,
or even on the Moon. Mass is the amount of matter in an object, measured in
kilograms (kg).
However, weight is different. Weight is the force of gravity acting on that mass,
measured in Newtons (N). On Earth, gravity pulls objects strongly, making them feel
heavier. On the Moon, where gravity is much weaker, the same object would weigh
less—though its mass remains the same.
So while “satu nusa” reminds us of unity, mass is a universal constant. Weight,
however, changes with gravity’s pull—showing us how science explains what we feel
under our feet.

When you pack your school bag in the morning, you might not think about mass
and weight—but you feel it. A bag full of books feels heavier, especially when you
walk uphill. That’s because the weight depends on gravity pulling the mass of your
bag toward the Earth. If your bag has too much mass, it causes strain on your back
because the weight becomes greater.
Now, imagine carrying the same bag on an elevator. When the elevator moves
up quickly, your bag might feel slightly heavier for a moment—that’s gravity and
motion working together. Understanding how mass and gravity affect weight can help
you make better choices about how much you carry and how to protect your body
from injury.
1. How do we protect our bodies when lifting or carrying things?
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2. How to carry a heavy school bag the right way?
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Physics

Mass, Weight and Gravity

Mass is the amount of matter in an object. It is measured in kilograms (kg) and does
not change no matter where the object is located.

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Weight is the force of gravity acting on an object’s mass. It is measured in newtons
(N) and can change depending on the strength of the gravitational field (e.g., Earth
vs. Moon).
Gravity is a force that pulls objects toward the center of a massive body (like the
Earth). The greater the gravitational pull, the heavier an object feels.
The formula to calculate weight is:
🧮 Weight = Mass × Gravitational Acceleration (W = m × g)
● On Earth, g ≈ 9.8 m/s²
Application in daily life includes:
● Packing bags with safe limits
● Understanding why we feel lighter in water
● Knowing how astronauts train for environments with different gravity

Answer the following questions correctly!

 Understanding Mass
1. Examine the concept of mass!
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2. How can you observe it in everyday objects?
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3. Why do scientists and engineers prefer using kilograms to measure mass?
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4. An astronaut has a mass of 60 kg on Earth. Examine their mass on the Moon!
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 Understanding Weight
1. Why does gravity affect weight but not mass?
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2. Examine the tool used to measure weight?
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 3. A box has a mass of 4 kg. What is its weight on Earth?
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 Comparing Mass and Weight
1. Why does your weight change on the Moon but your mass doesn’t?
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2. Calculate the weight of a 5 kg object on Earth using the standard gravity.
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3. Examine the weight of a 5 kg object on the Moon!
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 What is Gravity?
1. Predict what would happen if gravity did not exist on Earth!
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2. Why do apples fall from trees instead of floating?
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 Effect of Gravity on Weight
1. Examine what happens to your weight when you are in space!
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2. Why is mass considered a fixed property of an object regardless of location?
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 Measuring Mass and Weight

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 1. Examine the device would you use to measure the mass of a school bag!
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2. When would you need to use a spring scale instead of a balance?
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 Application in Real Life
1. Give a real-life example where knowing the difference between mass and
weight is important.
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2. How does understanding mass and weight help in designing equipment for
astronauts?
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In physics, we learn that mass is the amount of matter in an object and
remains constant, while weight depends on the force of gravity and can change
depending on location. This scientific principle reflects the order and balance
that Allah has placed in the universe. In Surah Ar-Rahman verse 7, Allah says,
“And the heaven He raised and set the balance” (QS. Ar-Rahman: 7). This verse
reminds us that the universe operates under precise and balanced laws
created by Allah, including the law of gravity. When students learn how gravity
affects weight but not mass, they are not just understanding a physical concept
—they are witnessing a sign of Allah’s wisdom and power. Recognizing these
patterns in nature nurtures love and awe for the Creator, encouraging
students to see science as a way to know and love Allah more deeply. Learning
about mass and weight becomes an act of worship when it leads to gratitude,
reflection, and care for the balance Allah has entrusted to us.

Properties of Substances

After understanding how mass remains constant and weight changes

due to gravity, we begin to see how Allah has created the universe with
balance and precision. These same principles continue as we study how
substances change state—such as melting, boiling, or evaporating. Just as Allah
fixed the value of gravitational acceleration, He also set the exact temperatures
at which substances change their form. These points of change are not

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 random; they are properties uniquely assigned to each substance by Allah’s
will. Furthermore, even substances that we cannot see—like gases—have
mass and obey the laws of physics. The fact that something invisible still has
weight and volume reflects the unseen systems of Allah's creation. As Allah
says in Surah Al-Mulk verse 3, “[He] who created seven heavens in layers. You
do not see any inconsistency in the creation of the Most Merciful.” By
observing how solids melt, how liquids evaporate, and how gases behave, we
are reminded that Allah governs both the visible and the invisible with perfect
harmony. This invites us not only to learn science, but also to grow in love and
awe toward the Creator of all laws of nature.
🎵 “Tanah air pasti jaya, untuk s’lama-lamanya…”
This line speaks of Indonesia’s lasting strength and resilience. In
science, substances also show resilience in their own way—through fixed
physical properties that don’t easily change. One such property is the
temperature at which a substance changes state.
For example, water always boils at 100°C and freezes at 0°C under
standard conditions. This boiling or melting point is a defining characteristic of
a substance, just like identity is for a nation. No matter where it is—on a
mountain or at sea level—its nature remains the same.
Gases, too, play an important role in our daily lives. Although invisible, they
have mass, they take up space, and can exert force. The air in our tires,
balloons, or lungs is proof that gases are not “nothing”—they are physical and
measurable.
Just like our homeland that stands strong over time, the laws of science
remain consistent. They help us understand the hidden strength in everyday
substances, from boiling water to the air we breathe.
When you boil water to make noodles, the water begins to bubble and
turns into steam. That’s a change from liquid to gas. But have you ever thought
—why does it always boil at the same temperature? Why doesn’t it boil faster
just because the flame is hotter? That’s because the boiling point is a fixed
property of the substance, just like ice always melts at 0°C. And even though
steam seems invisible, it still has mass and takes up space—just like any solid
or liquid. Gases may be light and unseen, but they follow clear, measurable
rules.

1. How to avoid danger when using objects that contain gas?

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 2. How to prevent gas from leaking at home?
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Chemistry
Properties of Substances
Each substance has a specific temperature at which it changes state (melting,
boiling, condensing, freezing). This is called the melting point or boiling point
and is a unique property of that substance.

The melting point is the temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid.

The boiling point is the temperature at which a liquid becomes a gas.

These points do not change unless the substance is altered. They help identify
and differentiate one substance from another.

Gases are a state of matter that:

● Have mass (even though they are invisible),
● Occupy space,
● Expand to fill the shape of any container,
● Move freely and quickly.
Even though gases are not easily seen or touched, they follow the same
physical laws as solids and liquids.

Answer the following questions correctly!

 States of Matter
1. Examine the three main states of matter!
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2. How do their shapes and volumes differ?
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3. In your daily life, compare characteristics of gas, solid, and liquid with
household equipment!.

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 __________________________________________________________________________________________
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 Properties of Gases
1. Why can gas be compressed while solids and liquids cannot? Use an example
from an air pump or tire inflation.
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2. How do you know that gas can fill any space? Support your answer with real-
life observations.
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 Evidence that Gases Have Mass
1. Describe an experiment that shows gas has mass. What happens when you
weigh a balloon before and after inflating it?
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2. Why is a ball filled with air heavier than an empty ball?
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 Changes of State
1. Compare the process of ice melts or water boils based on particle behavior!
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2. Describe a real-life situation where you observed a substance changing from
one state to another.
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 Melting and Boiling Points
1. Why does water always boil at 100°C (at sea level)?

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 __________________________________________________________________________________________
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2. How does comparing the boiling point of oil and water help you understand
their physical differences?
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 Comparing Substances Based on State Changes
1. Compare their boiling points of water and frying oil!
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2. Why is it important for scientists and cooks to know the melting or boiling
points of substances?
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 Interpreting Real-Life Phenomena
1. Why does a mirror fog up when you take a hot shower?
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2. When a bicycle tire is pumped, it becomes harder and heavier. Examine the
phenomena!
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When we observe how ice melts into water or water boils into steam, we are not
just learning science—we are witnessing the precision and order that Allah has
placed in creation. Every substance changes its state at a fixed temperature, such as
melting at exactly 0°C or boiling at 100°C. This consistency is not random; it is part of
the system Allah created with wisdom and purpose. Even gases, though invisible,
have mass, occupy space, and follow the laws Allah has set. These natural patterns are
signs of His power and perfection. In Surah Al-Baqarah: 164, Allah reminds us that in
the creation of the heavens and the earth, the winds, and the clouds, there are signs
for people who reflect. By studying the changes of state and the properties of gases,
we not only build scientific understanding, but also strengthen our love and awe for

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Allah, the Creator who designed every part of nature with beauty and balance.
Learning science, then, becomes an act of worship—a way to get closer to Him
through appreciation and reflection.

Respiratory System

After learning about how substances change state at specific temperatures and
how gases—though invisible—have mass and fill space, we begin to understand the
behavior of the air we breathe and its importance in life processes. The air around us
contains oxygen, a gas that enters our bodies through the respiratory system. This
oxygen, with all its properties explained by chemistry, doesn’t just stay in our lungs—
it moves into the bloodstream through a process designed by Allah with incredible
precision. The circulatory system then transports this oxygen, along with nutrients, to
every cell in our body, and carries away carbon dioxide and waste. What we studied
in chemistry about gases and their properties becomes the foundation for
understanding how our bodies breathe, live, and function. Allah’s creation shows
perfect harmony between the laws of nature and the design of life. As He says in
Surah Al-Mu’minun: 14, “Then We made him into a new creation. So blessed is Allah,
the best of creators.” The way oxygen transforms from air into life-giving energy in
our blood is a sign that science is not separate from faith—it is a path to love and
recognize the Creator more deeply.
🎵 “Indonesia pusaka, Indonesia tercinta, nusa, bangsa, dan bahasa, kita bela
bersama…”
This part of the song reflects a deep love and commitment to protect something
precious—our homeland. In the same way, our bodies also have something precious
to protect: life itself. To do this, the body relies on two essential systems—the
circulatory and respiratory systems—that work together in harmony.
The circulatory system acts like the nation’s logistics system, delivering oxygen
and nutrients to all parts of the body. It also carries away waste materials, like carbon
dioxide and other by-products, to be removed. The heart serves as the central pump,
while blood vessels form the routes, reaching every cell like roads across an
archipelago.
Meanwhile, the respiratory system ensures that oxygen enters the body. When
we breathe in, air moves through the lungs into tiny sacs called alveoli, where oxygen
diffuses into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide is released. It’s like a vital exchange
between nature and the body—quiet, but life-sustaining.
Just as we “defend our nation, language, and culture together”, these two
systems defend and support life—working hand in hand to keep us strong, healthy,
and ready to contribute to the beloved land we call Indonesia.
Have you ever noticed how your heart keeps beating, even when you're asleep?
Or how you breathe without needing to think about it? With every breath you take,
oxygen enters your lungs, moves into your blood, and is carried by the circulatory
system to every part of your body. At the same time, your blood picks up waste like
carbon dioxide and brings it back to the lungs so it can be released. This quiet

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 Teamwork between your lungs and your heart happens all day, every day—
without a single command from you. It reminds us how perfectly Allah created our
bodies to work in balance, even when we are unaware.

1. How to take care of our lungs and heart every day?

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2. How to help our body get enough oxygen and nutrients?
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Biology

🫁 Respiratory System
● The respiratory system allows us to take in oxygen and remove carbon
dioxide.
● Main parts: nose, trachea, bronchi, lungs, and alveoli.
● Air enters through the nose, passes through the airway, and reaches the
alveoli in the lungs.
● In the alveoli, oxygen moves into the blood, and carbon dioxide leaves
the blood to be exhaled.
● The process of gas exchange is essential for supplying oxygen to the
entire body.

❤️Circulatory System
● The circulatory system transports oxygen, nutrients, and waste
throughout the body.
● Main parts: heart, blood, blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries).
● The heart pumps oxygen-rich blood to the body and returns oxygen-poor
blood to the lungs.
● Nutrients from food are carried by the blood to the cells.

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 ● Waste materials, like carbon dioxide and urea, are carried away from the
cells for removal.

🔄 Integration of Both Systems

● The respiratory system provides oxygen, and the circulatory system
distributes it to all cells.
● The two systems work together to maintain life by ensuring a continuous
supply of oxygen and the removal of carbon dioxide.
● This interaction is vital during activities like running, where both
breathing and heart rate increase to meet the body’s demands.

Answer the following questions correctly!

🫁 Structure of the Respiratory System
1. Examine the main parts of the human respiratory system!
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2. How does air travel from the nose to the lungs? List the organs in order.
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Gas Exchange in the Lungs
3. Examine the process of oxygen once it reaches the alveoli in the lungs?
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4. How does carbon dioxide leave the body through the respiratory system?
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5. Why are alveoli surrounded by capillaries?
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❤️Structure of the Circulatory System
6. Examine the main parts of the circulatory system!

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 __________________________________________________________________________________________
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7. How does the heart pump blood throughout the body?
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8. Examine the roles of arteries and veins!
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🔁 Transport of Substances
9. How does the circulatory system carry oxygen to all parts of the body?
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10. Examine the substance that blood carries besides oxygen!
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11. How are waste products like carbon dioxide and urea removed from the body
by the circulatory system?
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🔄 Interaction Between Respiratory and Circulatory Systems
12. How do the lungs and heart work together to deliver oxygen and remove
carbon dioxide?
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13. Describe a situation (e.g., after exercise) where both systems work harder.

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💪 Health and Maintenance
14. Examine healthy habits that support the respiratory system!
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15. Examine healthy habits that support the circulatory system!
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16. How to avoid diseases that can harm your lungs and heart?
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When we breathe in oxygen and our hearts pump blood throughout the body,
we rarely notice how carefully everything is working together. The lungs take
in oxygen from the air, while the heart and blood deliver that oxygen to every
cell and bring back waste like carbon dioxide to be released. This complex and
continuous process happens without us needing to control it—day and night,
even while we sleep. Allah is the one who created and sustains these systems
perfectly. As He says in Surah As-Sajdah verse 9, “Then He proportioned him
and breathed into him from His soul and made for you hearing and vision and
hearts; little are you grateful.” Through this verse, we are reminded to be
grateful for the invisible blessings in our bodies. Understanding how the
respiratory and circulatory systems work should not only increase our
knowledge of science, but also our love, awe, and gratitude to Allah, who
created us in such a complete and caring way.

Rocks and the Rock Cycle

After learning about how oxygen enters the lungs and is delivered by the blood
to every cell in our body, we realize how important it is that the Earth also supports
this life process. One of the ways Allah provides for human life is through the land we
live on—the rocks and soil beneath our feet. These rocks are not just hard materials;
they are part of a bigger system called the rock cycle, where stones can change form

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through melting, solidifying, eroding, or undergoing pressure and heat. Rocks are
classified into igneous (formed from cooled magma), sedimentary (formed from
layers of particles), and metamorphic (changed by heat and pressure). Just like our
bodies have systems working together, the Earth also has its own system that
constantly transforms and renews the land. In Surah An-Naba’ verse 6–7, Allah says,
“Have We not made the earth a resting place? And the mountains as stakes?” These
verses remind us that even the rocks and mountains serve a purpose—providing
stability, resources, and protection, all signs of Allah’s wisdom. Learning about the
rock cycle helps us appreciate how Allah not only created life, but also sustains it
through the Earth’s processes.
🎵 “Indonesia pusaka, Indonesia tercinta, nusa, bangsa, dan bahasa, kita bela
bersama…”
This lyric reminds us that Indonesia is a treasure—rich in land, culture, and
natural wonders. One of those treasures lies beneath our feet: rocks. From majestic
mountains to sandy beaches, rocks tell the story of Earth’s powerful processes.
Rocks are classified into three main types: igneous, sedimentary, and
metamorphic. Igneous rocks form when molten magma cools and solidifies—like
granite, with its crystal grains. Sedimentary rocks form from layers of sediment that
are compressed over time, often containing visible layers or fossils, such as limestone
or sandstone. Metamorphic rocks are formed when existing rocks are changed by
heat and pressure deep underground—like marble or slate.
These rock types are part of the rock cycle, a continuous process where rocks
are broken down, transformed, and formed again. Magma can solidify into igneous
rock. That rock can erode and be carried away, becoming sediment. Over time, those
sediments form sedimentary rock. With heat and pressure, it can become
metamorphic. And if it melts, the cycle starts again.
Like the unity of “nusa, bangsa, dan bahasa”, the rock cycle shows how different
parts of nature are connected—constantly changing, yet always part of a bigger
whole.
Have you ever noticed how rocks on the ground come in different colors,
shapes, and textures? Some are shiny and smooth, some are rough and layered, and
others are hard and crystal-like. These rocks were not always the same—they were
formed through different processes. Some cooled from hot magma, others formed
from layers of sand and soil, while some changed deep underground through heat and
pressure. All of these are part of a natural cycle that shapes the Earth slowly, silently,
and perfectly.

1. How to choose the right type of rock for building or decoration?

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2. How to know which rocks are useful for everyday life?
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Earth and Space

Rocks and the Rock Cycle

🔹 Types of Rocks and Their Features
Rocks are grouped into three main types, based on how they are formed:
1. Igneous rocks
○ Formed when magma cools and solidifies (either underground or after
a volcanic eruption).
○ Features: hard, often have crystals (if cooled slowly) or fine texture (if
cooled quickly).
○ Examples: granite, basalt
2. Sedimentary rocks
○ Formed from particles (sediments) of other rocks, shells, or organic
material that are pressed and cemented over time.
○ Features: layered, may contain fossils, softer than
igneous/metamorphic rocks.
○ Examples: sandstone, limestone
3. Metamorphic rocks
○ Formed when existing rocks are changed by heat and pressure, usually
deep within the Earth.
○ Features: dense, hard, often have bands or layers, no fossils.
○ Examples: marble (from limestone), slate (from shale)
🔄 The Rock Cycle and Formation Processes
Rocks change through a continuous cycle, with each type able to transform
into another through natural processes. Here’s how the cycle works:
1. Magma → Solidification → Igneous Rock
○ When magma cools and hardens, it forms igneous rock.
○ Example: Magma cools underground → granite
2. Igneous Rock → Weathering and Erosion → Sediments
○ Wind, water, or ice break igneous rocks into small pieces.
3. Sediments → Compaction and Cementation → Sedimentary Rock
○ Layers of sediments are pressed together and glued into rock.
○ Example: Sand sediments → sandstone

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 4. Sedimentary Rock → Heat and Pressure → Metamorphic Rock
○ Deep underground, heat and pressure change the rock’s form.
○ Example: Limestone → marble
5. Metamorphic Rock → Melting → Magma
○ Rocks deep in the Earth melt again, becoming magma and restarting the
cycle.
📌 Summary of Key Transitions
Starting Point Process New Rock Type
Magma Solidification Igneous rock
Igneous rock Weathering → Sediments —
Sediments Compaction & Cementation Sedimentary rock
Sedimentary rock Heat & Pressure Metamorphic rock
Metamorphic rock Melting Magma

Answer the following questions correctly!

 What Are Rocks?
1. Examine how rocks made!
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Why is it important to understand the rock on Earth's surface?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Examine a situation in your surroundings where rocks play an important role
(e.g., building, nature, tools)!
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
 Classification of Rocks
1. Examine the three main types of rocks!
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Why do scientists classify rocks into different types?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
 Identifying Features of Rock Types

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 1. How can you tell the difference between igneous, sedimentary, and
metamorphic rocks just by looking at them?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Examine the features of a rock that you have seen around your home or school.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
 The Rock Cycle
1. Examine the concept of the rock cycle!
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2. How does the rock cycle explain changes in rock types over time?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Can an igneous rock turn into a sedimentary rock? Describe the process that
makes this possible.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
 What Are Fossils?
1. Examine the concept of fossil!
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2. How does fossil help scientists learn about the past?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Why are fossils rarely found in igneous and metamorphic rocks?

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 __________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
 Fossil Formation in Sedimentary Rocks
1. Describe the step-by-step process of how a fossil forms in sedimentary rock.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Why are sedimentary rocks the best place to look for fossils?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
 Real-Life Applications and Observations
1. Examine types of rocks you can observe in your environment!
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2. If you found a fossil during a hike, how it tell you about the area you’re in?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________

When we study rocks and how they change—from magma into igneous rock,
to sediments becoming layered sedimentary rock, and into metamorphic rock
through heat and pressure—we see that the Earth is always in motion, though we
may not realize it. These slow, silent changes form mountains, valleys, and the ground
we walk on. This entire rock cycle is not random. It is part of the precise and
purposeful system that Allah has created to shape and sustain our planet. As Allah
says in Surah An-Naba’ (78:6–7): “Have We not made the earth a resting place? And
the mountains as stakes?” This verse reminds us that even the rocks and land beneath
us are signs of Allah’s power and mercy. Through the rock cycle, Allah renews the
Earth, provides resources like minerals and soil, and maintains balance in nature. By
learning about these natural processes, students can grow not only in scientific
understanding but also in gratitude, humility, and love for Allah, who created and
manages every detail of our world with wisdom.

Distribution and Preservation of Flora and Fauna in

Indonesia
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 After learning how rocks are formed and how the Earth is shaped through
processes like erosion, sedimentation, and metamorphism, we begin to understand
that the land itself influences life. The type of rocks and soil in a region affects the
water it holds, the minerals it provides, and how fertile it becomes. This is why
different areas in Indonesia—such as volcanic highlands, limestone coasts, or river
valleys—support different types of plants and animals. The distribution of flora and
fauna is deeply connected to the physical environment shaped by the rock cycle.
Allah, in His wisdom, created this diversity with purpose, as He says in Surah An-Nahl
(16:13): “And [He created] whatever He multiplied for you on the earth of varying
colors. Indeed in that is a sign for a people who remember.” Learning about how
Earth’s rocks affect ecosystems helps us appreciate the beauty and balance of Allah’s
creation—and reminds us of our responsibility to preserve the rich biodiversity
found across Indonesia.
🎵 “Satu nusa, satu bangsa, satu bahasa kita…”
This line celebrates unity across Indonesia’s islands, people, and language. But
beneath this unity lies incredible natural diversity—especially in Indonesia’s flora
and fauna. From the tropical forests of Papua to the mangroves of Sumatra, and from
the Komodo dragons of Nusa Tenggara to the rafflesia flowers of Kalimantan, the
distribution of plants and animals varies widely across the archipelago.
Each region has its own ecosystem, shaped by climate, altitude, and geography.
However, this rich biodiversity is now facing serious threats—deforestation, illegal
hunting, and habitat loss. That’s why efforts to preserve flora and fauna are vital.
National parks, conservation programs, and education about sustainability are just a
few ways people are working to protect Indonesia’s natural heritage.
Just as we are united by one nation and one language, we must also unite in
protecting the natural life that makes our country unique. Harmony with nature is
part of what keeps our “nusa dan bangsa” strong.
Have you ever wondered why orangutans live in Kalimantan, but not in Java? Or
why certain flowers grow only in the cool highlands, while others bloom near the
beach? Allah has created each island, mountain, and forest in Indonesia with its own
unique conditions—temperature, rainfall, soil, and landforms. These differences
shape where plants and animals can live. But today, some of these environments are
being damaged. Forests are being cut down, rivers are being polluted, and some
animals are losing their homes. If we don’t act, we may lose these precious creations
forever.

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 1. How to take care of Indonesia’s unique plants and animals?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2. How to protect rare animals and plants in our country?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Social
🌿 Distribution and Preservation of Flora and Fauna in Indonesia
1. Distribution of Flora and Fauna in Indonesia
● Flora refers to plant life; fauna refers to animal life.
● The distribution of flora and fauna in Indonesia is influenced by:
○ Geographical features (mountains, lowlands, coastal areas)
○ Climate (rainfall, temperature)
○ Soil type
● Different regions support different species:
○ Kalimantan: orangutans, tropical rainforests
○ Papua: birds-of-paradise, cendrawasih, dense forest plants
○ Java: teak trees, endangered animals like the Javan hawk-eagle
○ Sumatra: Sumatran tigers, rafflesia flowers
○ Bali, Nusa Tenggara: dry-climate plants and animals
♻️2. Efforts to Preserve Flora and Fauna
● Preservation means protecting and maintaining ecosystems and living
species.
● Threats to biodiversity include:
○ Deforestation
○ Habitat destruction
○ Illegal hunting and wildlife trade
○ Pollution and climate change
● Efforts to preserve biodiversity include:
○ Establishing national parks and protected areas
○ Enforcing laws against poaching and illegal logging
○ Promoting reforestation and conservation programs
○ Educating people on the importance of sustainable living

Answer the following questions correctly!

 Distribution of Flora and Fauna

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 1. Different islands in Indonesia have different types of land and weather. For
example, Papua has wet rainforests, while Nusa Tenggara has dry lands. How
do landforms and climate affect the kinds of plants and animals that live in
each region?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Plants like rafflesia grow in specific environments, and animals like
orangutans only live in certain forests. Why do some species only exist in
particular places and not in others?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Imagine a volcanic island is formed in Indonesia. Over time, plants and animals
will begin to grow and live there. Predict what types of flora and fauna might
appear first, and explain why?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
4. Indonesia’s biodiversity is not spread evenly. Some regions are very rich in life,
while others have fewer species. Examine the factors that cause this uneven
distribution across the country!
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________

 Preservation and Action

5. Forests are being cut down, and rivers are being polluted. These actions put
many species at risk. Why is it important to protect ecosystems like forests,
rivers, and coral reefs?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
6. People, including students, can help protect nature in small and big ways. How
can you personally contribute to preserving plants and animals in your daily
life?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________

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 7. If deforestation continues in protected areas like Kalimantan, the orangutan
population could drop sharply. Predict what will happen to the ecosystem if
endangered species like the orangutan disappear.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
8. Many animals are hunted or captured for illegal trade. Some laws have been
made to stop this. Examine the role of the government and community in
protecting endangered species. What works? What needs to improve?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________

When we explore the forests, mountains, and islands of Indonesia, we

discover countless plants and animals—each living in places that suit their
needs. Some thrive in cool mountain forests, others in coastal mangroves or
dry grasslands. This rich variety, called biodiversity, is not random. It reflects
the wisdom of Allah, who created every creature with care and placed it where
it can survive best. As Allah says in Surah An-Nahl (16:5): “And He created the
cattle for you; in them is warmth and [numerous] benefits, and from them you
eat.” This verse reminds us that living beings are part of Allah’s blessings and
trust. But when forests are cut down or animals are hunted, that balance is
broken. Learning about the distribution and preservation of flora and fauna
should lead us to love Allah more deeply—as the Creator and Sustainer of life
—and to feel responsible for protecting His creation. Taking care of the
environment is not just science—it’s an act of faith and gratitude.

Experiment

Physics
⚗️Simple Experiment: Mass and Weight
🎯 Objective:
● To observe the difference between mass (in kilograms) and weight (in newtons)
● To explain that gravity affects weight, but not mass
________________________________________
🧰 Materials:
● Digital scale (to measure mass)
● Spring scale / dynamometer (to measure weight)
● 3 different objects (e.g., water bottle, small rock, bag of rice)
● Calculator (optional)
● Notebook

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________________________________________
🧪 Steps:
1. Prepare 3 objects with different shapes and masses.
2. Measure the mass of each object using the digital scale. Record the results.
3. Measure the weight of each object using the spring scale. Record the results.
4. Calculate the theoretical weight using the formula:
🧮 Weight (N) = Mass (kg) × 9.8
5. Record all measurements and calculations in the table below.
6. Compare the measured and calculated weight.
________________________________________
📊 Observation Table

No Object Name Mass (kg) Weight (N) Weight (N) Notes

(measured) (calculated)
1.
2.
3.

Note:
● Measured weight: read from the spring scale
● Calculated weight: use the formula (mass × 9.8)
● In “Notes”, explain any difference (e.g., tool inaccuracy, hand movement, etc.)
________________________________________
🤔 Reflection Questions:
1. What is the main difference between mass and weight based on your experiment?
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
___
2. How does gravity affect the weight of an object?
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
___
3. Predict what would happen to the mass and weight of an object if the same
experiment was done on the Moon!
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
___

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Chemistry
⚗️Simple Experiment: Changes of State & Gas Properties
________________________________________
🎯 Objectives:
● To observe that each substance changes state at a specific temperature
● To show that gases have mass and occupy space
________________________________________
🧰 Materials:
Part A – Changes of State
● Ice cubes
● Thermometer
● Small pot or metal cup
● Stove or hot plate
● Stopwatch or timer

Part B – Gas Has Mass

● 1 deflated balloon
● 1 inflated balloon (same size/type)
● Digital scale
________________________________________
🧪 Steps:
🔸 Part A: Melting Point of Ice
1. Place ice cubes in a metal cup or pot.
2. Use a thermometer to record the temperature every 30 seconds as the ice melts.
3. Observe when the ice starts to melt—this is the melting point.
4. Note: even if you keep adding heat, the temperature stays constant during
melting.
🔸 Part B: Gases Have Mass
1. Weigh a deflated balloon on a digital scale. Record its mass.
2. Inflate the same balloon and tie it.

3. Weigh the inflated balloon. Record the mass.

4. Compare both masses.
________________________________________
📊 Observation Table
🔹 Part A: Melting Point of Ice
Time (sec) Temperature (°C) Observation
0 Ice is solid

30

60

90

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 …

When melting starts → this is the melting point

🔹 Part B: Gas Mass
Condition Mass (grams) Observation
Deflated balloon Balloon is flat
Inflated balloon Balloon expanded, heavier

________________________________________
🤔 Reflection Questions:
1. What does the melting point tell us about a substance?
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
__
2. Why does the temperature stay the same while the ice is melting?
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
__
3. How do you know from this experiment that gas has mass?
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
__
4. Predict what might happen to the melting point of ice if the air pressure is much
higher.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
__
Biology
⚗️Experiment: Lung Model (Respiratory System)
🎯 Objective:
To demonstrate how the lungs expand and contract when we breathe, and how air
(oxygen) enters the lungs.
🧰 Materials:
● 1 empty plastic bottle (1.5 L)
● 2 balloons (same size)
● 1 straw
● Scissors & tape
● Rubber band
● Plastic sheet or balloon piece (for diaphragm)

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🧪 Steps:
1. Cut the bottom off the plastic bottle.
2. Insert one balloon into the neck of the bottle through a straw (this is the "lung").
3. Seal the neck tightly with a balloon or clay to hold the straw in place.
4. Stretch a piece of balloon or plastic wrap over the open bottom of the bottle (this
acts as the diaphragm).
5. Pull and release the "diaphragm" to observe how the inner balloon inflates and
deflates.

📊 Observation Table – Experiment 1: Lung Model

Action What Happened to the What This Shows

“Lung” Balloon?
Pulling down the
diaphragm

Releasing the diaphragm

🔍 What It Shows:
● Pulling the diaphragm down simulates inhaling — air fills the balloon ("lung").
● Releasing it simulates exhaling — air leaves the lung.
● It demonstrates how air pressure changes in the chest cavity draw air into the
lungs.
________________________________________
⚗️Experiment: Circulatory System Model (Blood Flow Simulation)
🎯 Objective:
To show how the heart pumps blood and how it flows in one direction to carry
oxygen and nutrients.
🧰 Materials:
● 2 clear plastic syringes (50 ml or similar)
● 1 soft rubber/plastic tube (approx. 30–40 cm)
● Red-colored water (as "blood")
● Valve (can use a pinched tube or one-way valve if available)
● Tape or clamps

🧪 Steps:
1. Connect the syringes to each end of the tubing.
2. Fill the tube with red-colored water.
3. Press one syringe like a pump — observe how the fluid moves.
4. Try pressing from the other syringe to show direction reversal (unless valve is
used).
5. Optional: add a Y-connection to show branches (like arteries/veins).
📊 Observation Table – Experiment 2: Circulatory System Model

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 Action What Happened to the What This Shows
Liquid?
Pressing syringe A

Pressing syringe B
(opposite way)
Adding clamp or
valve

🔍 What It Shows:
● Syringes mimic heart chambers.
● The water represents blood.
● Pushing simulates the heart pumping blood through vessels.
● Students can visualize how blood moves in one direction, delivering oxygen and
nutrients, and returning waste.
________________________________________
📘 Extension Questions (Reflection):
1. How does air move into your lungs when you inhale?
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
__
2. Why is it important that blood only flows in one direction?
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
__
3. What happens in the lungs that allows oxygen to move into the blood?
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
__
4. How do oxygen and nutrients reach every part of your body?
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
__

SCIENCE & SOCIAL

UNIT 2

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 ‫ا‬‫َّن‬‫ال‬ ‫ُذ‬ ‫ُعو‬‫ُق ْل َأ‬
‫ِس‬ ‫ِّب‬ ‫ِبَر‬
"Say: I seek refuge in the Lord of mankind."

Surah An-Naas verse 1, which calls upon seeking refuge in the Lord of mankind,
reflects the concept of protection against unseen harm. This spiritual plea for
protection parallels the biological concept of the body's defense mechanisms against
diseases. Just as the verse emphasizes seeking divine shelter from hidden dangers,
such as whispers and unseen evils, the human body relies on its immune system to
defend against harmful pathogens that are invisible to the naked eye. Both signify an
inherent awareness of hidden threats and the need for a protective response—one
spiritual, the other physiological.

🎵 "Dari Sabang sampai Merauke"

By R Soerarjo
Dari sabang sampai merauke
Berjajar pulau-pulau
Sambung memnyambung menjadi satu
Itulah Indonesia
Indonesia tanah airku
Aku berjanji padamu
Menjunjung tanah airku
Tanah airku Indonesia
🎵 “Dari Sabang sampai Merauke, berjajar pulau-pulau, sambung menyambung menjadi
satu, itulah Indonesia…”These lyrics beautifully describe how Indonesia’s many
islands are connected as one nation. But just as the islands are connected, so are the
people—and that means diseases can also spread quickly from one place to another if
we’re not careful.

The lyrics of the song “My Body Guards Me Well,” which describe how the
body defends itself against unseen germs through immune responses, connect
meaningfully with Surah Al-Baqarah verse 286, which states, *“Allah does not burden
a soul beyond that it can bear.”* This verse reminds us that our bodies are divinely
designed with resilience and strength to endure challenges, including diseases. Just as
the immune system is equipped to protect us from harmful microbes, the verse
reassures us that every burden, including illness, comes with the capacity to
overcome it—through both physical defenses and spiritual endurance.

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 1. How to help our body fight illness without medicine?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________

2. How to support our immune system when we get sick?

__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________

Disease and Body Defense Mechanisms

Some diseases are caused by microorganisms such as viruses (like

influenza), bacteria (like tuberculosis), parasites (like malaria), and fungi (like
ringworm). Thankfully, the human body is equipped with natural defense
mechanisms to fight these invaders. Our skin acts as a physical barrier, stomach acid
destroys harmful microbes in food, and mucus traps germs in the nose and throat.
Still, prevention is better than cure. Simple hygiene practices—like washing
hands with soap, covering the mouth when sneezing, and keeping wounds clean—can
stop germs from spreading. We also need to avoid insect vectors like mosquitoes,
which can carry diseases such as dengue and malaria, by sleeping under mosquito
nets and eliminating standing water.
From Sabang to Merauke, protecting the health of our people is a shared
responsibility. Just as we stand united as a nation, we must also unite in building a
healthy, disease-resistant Indonesia.
Disease and Body Defense Mechanisms
● Some diseases are caused by microorganisms such as:
○ Viruses (e.g., flu, COVID-19)
○ Bacteria (e.g., tuberculosis, strep throat)
○ Parasites (e.g., malaria, worms)
○ Fungi (e.g., ringworm, athlete’s foot)
● The human body has natural defense mechanisms against infectious
diseases:
○ Skin acts as a barrier to block germs.
○ Stomach acid kills many microbes that enter through food or drink.
○ Mucus in the nose and lungs traps dust and microbes.
● Hygiene helps prevent the spread of diseases:
○ Wash hands regularly with soap and water.

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 ○ Keep the body and surroundings clean.
○ Cook food properly and drink clean water.
● To avoid diseases spread by insect vectors:
○ Use mosquito nets and insect repellents.
○ Remove standing water to prevent mosquito breeding.
○ Keep garbage covered to avoid flies.
Answer the following questions correctly!
Recognizing Microorganisms That Cause Diseases
1. Why are microorganisms too small to be seen with the naked eye?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Identify the four main types of microorganisms that can cause infectious
diseases!
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Understanding the Characteristics of Pathogens
3. How do viruses invade the human body and multiply?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
4. Identify the key differences between bacteria and viruses!
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
5. Examine how parasites survive and affect the human body!
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
6. Why do fungi often grow in damp and warm environments?
__________________________________________________________________________________________

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 __________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Linking Pathogens to Specific Diseases
7. Identify one disease caused by each of the following: virus, bacteria, parasite,
and fungus!
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
8. Predict what could happen if people consume contaminated food or water.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Exploring the Body’s External Defenses
9. How does the skin act as a barrier to protect the body from harmful
microorganisms?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
10. Why is an open wound more vulnerable to infection?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
11. Examine how mucus in the nose and throat traps and removes pathogens.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Exploring the Body’s Internal Defenses
12. How does stomach acid destroy harmful microorganisms that enter with food?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
13. Why is it important to cook food thoroughly to prevent infection?
__________________________________________________________________________________________

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 __________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Predicting the Role of Hygiene and Immune Responses
14. Identify daily habits that help support the body’s defense system.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
15. Predict what might happen if someone never washes their hands before
eating!
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
16. Examine how the body reacts when germs successfully enter (e.g., fever,
inflammation, immune response)!
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________

17. Covid 19 vaccination has side effects such as weakening of immunity in certain
organs so that people are susceptible to flu, cough. How to eliminate the effects
of covid vaccination?

__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Understanding the Role of Hygiene in Disease Prevention
17. Why is personal hygiene important for preventing the spread of diseases?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
18. How can regular handwashing stop germs from spreading?
__________________________________________________________________________________________

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 __________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
19. Identify hygiene practices that help protect others from getting infected!
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
20. Examine the connection between poor hygiene and outbreaks of disease in a
community!
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
21. Predict what might happen in a classroom if no one washes their hands after
using the toilet!
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
Avoiding Diseases Spread by Insect Vectors
22. How do insect vectors like mosquitoes and flies spread disease to humans?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
23. Identify common insect vectors and the diseases they may carry (e.g.,
mosquitoes → dengue)!
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
24. Why are standing water and dirty surroundings dangerous for public health?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
25. Examine how simple actions (e.g., closing water containers, using nets) help
reduce insect-borne diseases!

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 __________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
26. Predict what could happen if people leave food uncovered or let water collect
near their homes!
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Learning that some diseases are caused by viruses, bacteria, parasites, or fungi
—and that our bodies have defense mechanisms like skin, stomach acid, and mucus—
is a reminder of how lovingly Allah protects us through His perfect design. Even
before we seek medicine, our bodies are already equipped to fight. When we practice
hygiene and avoid harmful insect vectors, we are taking part in the responsibility
Allah has given us to care for ourselves. As stated in Surah Ash-Shu’ara verse 80,
“And when I am ill, it is He who cures me,” this knowledge teaches us to be grateful, to
protect our health, and to love the Creator who cares for us even in the smallest
details of our bodies.

Conductivity and Other Physical

Properties

Previously, we learned how the human body has natural defense mechanisms
—such as skin, stomach acid, and mucus—that protect us from harmful
microorganisms. But beyond our body’s internal defenses, we also use external
substances like soap, alcohol, and clean water to support hygiene and prevent the
spread of diseases. These substances are effective not only because of their chemical
makeup, but also because of their physical properties.
Now, we begin exploring the physical properties of matter, including electrical
and thermal conductivity, density, and solubility. By understanding how materials
behave—such as how easily they dissolve, conduct heat or electricity—we can better
understand why certain substances are used for health, safety, and daily life. For
example, soap dissolves in water to remove dirt, while alcohol evaporates quickly and
is used for sterilization. These are all physical changes that play a role in our health
practices.
The Qur’an encourages reflection on the materials and processes around us. In
Surah Al-Baqarah: 164, Allah reminds us:
“Indeed in the creation of the heavens and the earth… and in the variety of
things He has dispersed throughout the earth are signs for a people who use
reason.”
(Al-Baqarah: 164)
This verse invites us to observe and understand the properties of the world
around us—including the substances we use to protect and care for ourselves.

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 These lyrics remind us how the many islands of Indonesia connect into one
whole. In science, different materials—just like different islands—have unique
properties, but they are also connected by common physical principles.
Some materials undergo physical changes that are reversible. For example, ice
can melt into water and freeze back into ice. Folding paper, stretching rubber bands,
or dissolving sugar in water are also reversible changes—no new substance is
formed, and the original state can return.
Materials also differ in how they conduct heat and electricity. Metals, like
copper or aluminum, are excellent electrical conductors, allowing current to flow
easily—important for making wires and circuits. Some substances, like ceramics or
plastics, are poor conductors and are used as insulators. In terms of thermal
conductivity, metal spoons quickly get hot in boiling water, while wooden ones do not.
From one end of the archipelago to the other, Indonesia is rich in natural
materials. Understanding their properties helps us use them wisely—just as
understanding our nation's diversity helps us live in unity.

1. How to choose safe materials for handling hot things?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
___
2. How to stay safe when using hot objects made from metal or plastic?
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
___

Chemistry

Conductivity and Other Physical Properties

1. Introduction to Physical Properties
Physical properties are characteristics of a material that can be observed or
measured without changing the substance itself. These include:
● Electrical conductivity – the ability of a material to carry electric current.
● Thermal conductivity – the ability of a material to conduct heat.

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 ● Density – the mass of a substance per unit of volume (how heavy something
feels for its size).
● Solubility – the ability of a substance to dissolve in a liquid (like sugar in
water).
● State of matter – whether a substance is solid, liquid, or gas at a certain
temperature.
2. Conductors and Insulators
● Conductors are materials that allow electricity or heat to pass through easily,
such as metals (e.g., copper, aluminum).
● Insulators are materials that do not conduct heat or electricity well, such as
plastic, wood, or rubber.
3. Everyday Examples
● A metal spoon gets hot quickly in hot soup – because metal conducts heat.
● Plastic handles on cooking pans do not get hot – because plastic is a poor
conductor.
● Salt and sugar dissolve in water – showing solubility.
● A stone sinks, while a piece of wood floats – due to their different densities.
4. Why It Matters
Understanding physical properties helps us choose the right material for the right
purpose. For example:
● We use metal wires to carry electricity.
● We use wood or plastic for handles to prevent burns.
● We use soap that dissolves in water to clean ourselves.

Answer the following questions correctly!

Observing Physical Changes in Substances
1. How does a substance change when it melts or freezes?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Identify examples of substances that can return to their original form after
changing state!
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Examine the process of boiling water!
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________

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 4. Why is melting considered a physical change and not a chemical one?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Understanding Reversible Physical Changes
5. How can a substance return to its original state after a physical change?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
6. Identify physical changes that can be reversed by heating or cooling!
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
7. Predict what will happen to steam when it touches a cold surface!
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
8. Examine whether mixing and separating sand and salt involves a reversible
change!
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Recognizing Materials That Conduct Electricity
9. How does electricity move through different materials?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
10. Identify objects made from materials that allow electricity to pass through
them easily!
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________

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 11. Examine why rubber and plastic are often used to cover electrical wires!
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
12. Predict what would happen if a metal object is connected to both ends of a
battery!
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Exploring How Materials Conduct Heat
13. How does heat travel through different materials like metal, wood, or plastic?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
14. Identify materials used in cooking that allow heat to pass through quickly!
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
15. Examine why some cooking tools have metal bottoms and wooden or plastic
handles!
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
16. Predict the effect of placing a spoon made of metal and a spoon made of plastic
into hot water!
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
When we learn about physical changes—like melting, freezing, dissolving—and how
they can be reversed, we begin to understand how Allah designed matter with
balance and purpose. We also study how substances can carry electricity or heat,
showing us the unique characteristics Allah placed in every material. These natural
processes are not random; they follow precise rules that allow life to function in
harmony. As Allah says in Surah Al-Furqan verse 2, “He created everything and
determined it with precise measure.” Through science, we are invited to witness this

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precision and to grow in our love for Allah who created everything with wisdom,
beauty, and perfect order.

Force & Motion

After learning about how materials behave—such as their ability to conduct

heat or electricity, or whether they float or sink—we now move on to understanding
how objects react when they are pushed or pulled. The way an object moves is not
only affected by the force applied to it, but also by its physical properties, such as
mass, shape, and surface texture.
For example, a heavier object is harder to move, and a smooth object might
slide more easily than a rough one. These connections help us explore the next topic:
Force and Motion—where we will learn how different types of forces affect the
movement, speed, and direction of objects in everyday life.
As Allah says in Surah Ar-Ra’d verse 2: “He has subjected the sun and the moon,
each running its course for a term appointed. He regulates the matter, explaining the
signs in detail, that you may believe with certainty in the meeting with your Lord.” This
reminds us that motion and force are not only present on Earth but also govern the
movement of celestial bodies in the universe.
🎵 “Sambung menyambung menjadi satu, itulah Indonesia…”
These words remind us how Indonesia’s thousands of islands connect into one
strong, united country. In the physical world, motion and stability also depend on
connections—between forces that act together on an object.
Every object we see is affected by forces. These forces can be shown using
force diagrams, where arrows represent the type, direction, and size of each force.
For example, a ball resting on the ground has the downward force of gravity and an
upward normal force from the ground. When these are balanced, the ball stays still.
However, if a stronger force is applied—like a kick—the balance breaks, and
the object begins to move. Unbalanced forces cause acceleration, while balanced
forces keep objects at rest or moving at constant speed. Friction, gravity, air
resistance, and applied force all interact, just like the many islands that form one
Indonesia.
Just as the islands are “sambung menyambung menjadi satu,” forces in nature
work together—sometimes in balance, sometimes in motion—to shape the world we
live in. Understanding them helps us grasp not only science, but also the harmony of
systems, big and small.
This connects directly to our lesson on Force and Motion, where we will learn
how to describe the size and direction of forces using force diagrams, and how
different types of forces influence the movement of objects. The song helps us
remember that forces are not just invisible ideas—they are everywhere around us,
and they can be observed, measured, and drawn.

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1. How to move a heavy object using less effort?
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
___
2. How to make objects move faster or slower?
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
___

Physics

Force and Motion

1. What is Force?
● Force is a push or pull that can cause an object to move, stop, change
direction, or change speed.
● Forces are measured in Newtons (N).
● Examples: gravity, friction, push, pull.
2. Force Diagrams
A force diagram (also called a free-body diagram) is a simple drawing that uses
arrows to show:
● Name of the force (e.g., gravity, friction, push).
● Size of the force (shown by how long the arrow is)
● Direction of the force (shown by the arrow's pointing direction)
Example:
A box being pushed on the floor may have:
● A gravity arrow pointing down.
● A normal force arrow pointing up (from the floor).
● A push arrow pointing right.
● A friction arrow pointing left.
3. Effects of Forces on Motion

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 ● When forces are balanced, the object stays at rest or moves at a constant
speed.
● When forces are unbalanced, the object will change motion (start moving,
stop, speed up, slow down, or change direction).
4. Common Forces to Know
Force Description Direction
Name
Gravity Pulls objects toward the Earth Downward

Normal Support force from a surface Upward

Force
Friction Resists motion between surfaces Opposite to motion

Applied A push or pull from a person or In direction of

Force object push/pull
Air Slows objects moving through air Opposite to motion
Resistance
5. Real-Life Examples
● A car moving forward slows down when friction and air resistance act
against it.
● A ball resting on the ground won’t move unless a force is applied.
● A book stays still on a table because the upward normal force balances the
downward gravity.
Answer the following questions correctly!
Recognizing Forces Around Objects
1. Identify common types of forces acting on objects (e.g., gravity, friction, push,
pull)!
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2. How can a force change the motion or shape of an object?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Why is gravity always acting on objects, even when they appear still?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Drawing and Understanding Force Diagrams

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 4. Examine how arrows can be used to show the direction of a force on a
diagram!
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
5. Identify what the length of an arrow in a force diagram represents!
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
6. How can a diagram show if two forces are balanced or unbalanced?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
7. Predict what would happen to a ball if the force of a kick is stronger from one
side than the other!
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Describing Forces on Stationary Objects
8. How do balanced forces affect an object that is not moving?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
9. Why does an object stay at rest when forces acting on it are equal and
opposite?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
10. Examine the forces acting on a book resting on a table!
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________

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 11. Predict what happens if the upward force from the table disappears!
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________

Describing Forces on Moving Objects

12. How do unbalanced forces affect an object in motion?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
13. Why does a rolling ball eventually stop, even without anyone touching it?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
14. Identify the force that slows down a sliding object on a surface!
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
15. Predict what happens to an object if the forward force is removed but friction
remains!
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Learning about force and motion—how objects move, stop, or stay still through
pushes, pulls, gravity, or friction—can lead us to a deeper love for Allah. Every force
that acts on an object reflects the perfect laws Allah has set in the universe. When we
draw force diagrams and observe the balance or imbalance of motion, we are actually
witnessing His order and wisdom in creation. Just as no object moves without a force,
nothing in life happens without Allah’s will. Allah says in Surah Al-Hadid verse 4,
“He is with you wherever you are, and Allah is Seeing of what you do. He controls the
heavens and the earth…” Understanding this helps us not only become better thinkers
but also more grateful and loving toward the One who controls every movement in
the universe.

Fossils and their formation

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 After learning how forces affect objects—how pushes, pulls, gravity, and
friction can make things move or stay still—we now shift our attention to something
that moves very slowly or not at all: fossils. Fossils are the preserved remains of
living things that were once part of a moving world, but are now buried and still
within layers of rock. Just as force diagrams help us understand how things move,
studying fossils helps us understand how living things once moved, lived, and
died, and how natural processes like pressure, layering, and time preserved their
remains. Allah reminds us in Surah Al-Ghashiyah verse 17, “Do they not look at the
camels—how they are created?” inviting us to reflect not only on the living, but also on
what was left behind as a sign of His power and creation throughout the history of
the Earth.
🎵 “Indonesia tanah airku, aku berjanji padamu…” This line expresses a promise
to cherish and protect the land of Indonesia. One way we understand and honor our
land is by learning its ancient history—a history written not in books, but in rocks.
Deep beneath our feet, the Earth holds secrets of the past in the form of fossils.
Fossils often form in sedimentary rocks, which are made from layers of mud,
sand, and minerals. When a plant or animal dies, it may get quickly buried by
sediment before it can decompose. Over time, more layers build up, and the pressure
turns the sediment into solid rock. The organism leaves behind an impression, shape,
or even mineralized remains—this is how a fossil is formed.
These fossils help us understand what kinds of creatures lived in different
periods of Earth’s history—even those that roamed the land from Sabang to Merauke
millions of years ago. Like our promise in the song, studying fossils is a way of
keeping that promise: to respect the land, its past, and all the life it has supported.
Have you ever seen a dead insect in the garden, slowly covered by soil, leaves,
and rain over time? Without being disturbed, it stays buried as layer after layer builds
up. Just like pressing flowers inside a book to preserve them, nature presses the
remains of living things beneath the ground. Over many years, the soft parts
disappear, and the hard parts like bones or shells slowly turn into stone. This is how
fossils are formed.

1. How to use fossils to learn about Earth’s history?

____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
2. How to protect fossil sites so we can study ancient life?

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 ____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________

Earth & Space

Fossil Formation in Sedimentary Rocks

● Fossils are the preserved remains, impressions, or traces of organisms
(plants, animals, or microorganisms) that lived in the past.
● Most fossils are found in sedimentary rocks, which are formed from layers of
sediments like mud, sand, or clay that settle over time in rivers, lakes, or
oceans.
● Fossil formation is a slow, natural process that can take thousands to
millions of years.
Stages of Fossil Formation:
1. Death and Burial. A living organism dies and its remains (especially bones,
teeth, or shells) are quickly buried by sediments such as mud, sand, or volcanic
ash. Rapid burial is important to protect the remains from scavengers and
decay.
2. Layering and Pressure. Over time, more layers of sediment accumulate on
top. The weight of these layers causes pressure, slowly turning the sediments
into sedimentary rock.
3. Decay of Soft Parts. The soft tissues of the organism decompose, leaving
behind hard parts like bones or shells.
4. Mineralization. Groundwater rich in minerals seeps into the buried remains.
These minerals gradually replace the organic material, turning the remains
into stone—a process called permineralization.
5. Exposure and Discover. Geological processes such as erosion or tectonic
shifts may eventually bring the fossil closer to the surface, where it can be
discovered and studied by scientists.
Why Fossils Matter
● Fossils help us understand what kinds of organisms lived on Earth long ago.
● They provide evidence of how species have evolved and how the Earth’s
environment has changed over time.
● Fossils are important clues in the study of Earth's biological and geological
history.
Answer the following questions correctly!
Understanding Fossils and Their Importance
1. Identify what fossils are and where they are usually found!
__________________________________________________________________________________________

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 __________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Why are fossils important for understanding life from the past?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
3. How can the remains of a living thing become preserved over time?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Exploring the Formation of Sedimentary Rocks
4. Identify how sedimentary rocks are formed from layers of materials!
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
5. Examine where sedimentary rocks are commonly found and why they are
good for preserving fossils!
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
6. How do layers of mud, sand, and minerals build up over time to form rock?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Explaining the Process of Fossil Formation
7. How can the body of a dead animal or plant become buried in sediment?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
8. Why must the remains be buried quickly to become a fossil?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________

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 9. Examine how pressure and time turn buried remains into fossils inside
sedimentary rocks!
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
10. Predict what might happen if a dead animal’s body is left on the surface
instead of being buried!
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Connecting Fossils to the Rock Record
11. Identify how scientists use fossils to learn about animals or plants that no
longer exist!
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
12. How does the depth of a fossil in rock layers help determine its age?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
13. Why are fossils rarely found in igneous or metamorphic rocks?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
14. Predict what type of rock layer is most likely to contain fossils in a cliff or
hillside!
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Learning how fossils form in layers of sediment over time helps us see that
even the smallest traces of life are part of Allah’s greater plan. When a plant or animal
dies and is buried, it may seem forgotten—but Allah preserves its form in stone,
sometimes for millions of years. These fossils become signs, allowing us to learn from
the past and reflect on the beauty and power of creation. As stated in Surah Al-An’am
verse 99, “Indeed, in that are signs for a people who give thought,” reminding us that
nothing in this world is meaningless. Even the rocks beneath our feet carry stories—

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written not by humans, but by the will of the Creator—calling us to love and
appreciate Allah through science and reflection.

Fossils

In the previous lesson, we learned how forces can make objects move, stop, or
stay in place. We explored how gravity pulls everything downward, how friction
slows things down, and how force diagrams help us understand motion. Now, we shift
from motion to something that no longer moves—but still tells a story: fossils.
Fossils are the preserved remains or impressions of living things from the
past, buried and turned into stone over time. They are often found in sedimentary
rocks, formed by layers of mud, sand, or soil. When a plant or animal dies and is
quickly buried, its remains can be protected from decay. Over thousands or even
millions of years, minerals replace the hard parts, and a fossil is formed. In this lesson,
we will learn how fossils form and what they can teach us about Earth’s ancient life.
🎵 “Sambung menyambung menjadi satu, itulah Indonesia…”
These powerful words capture the spirit of Indonesia—a vast nation made up of
thousands of islands, yet united as one. Across this archipelago lies a rich diversity of
ethnic groups and cultures, each with its own language, tradition, clothing, music,
and beliefs.
From the Acehnese in the west to the Papuans in the east, every group
contributes to the beauty and identity of the nation. This cultural richness is one of
Indonesia’s greatest strengths. However, with such diversity, it becomes even more
important to uphold the principle of unity in diversity—or “Bhinneka Tunggal Ika”.
Respecting differences, working together, and finding shared values are
essential to building harmony. Just like the islands “sambung menyambung menjadi
satu,” people from different backgrounds can stay united by understanding, tolerance,
and mutual care. In a world that’s constantly changing, celebrating both unity and
diversity is what keeps Indonesia strong.

Imagine you are at a school event where each student wears traditional
clothing from their region—batik from Java, ulos from North Sumatra, songket from
South Sumatra, or koteka from Papua. Everyone brings different foods, sings different
songs, and speaks different local phrases. At first, it may feel unfamiliar or even
confusing, but then you realize: every difference is something beautiful to learn
from. These traditions show who we are and where we come from, and when we
respect each other, the school feels more united and full of color.

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1. How to live in harmony when people around us have different languages, clothes,
and traditions?
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
___
2. How to make everyone feel accepted, even if they are different?
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
___

3. How to work and play together with people from different backgrounds?
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
___

Social

Ethnic and Cultural Diversity in Indonesia

● Indonesia is one of the most diverse countries in the world, home to over
1,300 ethnic groups and more than 700 local languages.
● Each ethnic group has its own unique culture, which includes traditional
houses, dances, music, clothing, local food, languages, and ceremonies.
● Cultural diversity can be seen in:
○ Aceh with the Saman dance and traditional Islamic influence
○ Java with batik, wayang kulit, and gamelan music
○ Bali with Hindu ceremonies and unique temple architecture
○ Papua with traditional clothes like koteka and dances like Cendrawasih

Why Diversity Matters

● These differences make Indonesia rich in heritage and colorful in character.
● Students are encouraged to explore and appreciate these cultures, not just
from their own ethnic group, but also from others.
● Recognizing cultural diversity helps build mutual respect, open-
mindedness, and national pride.

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Unity in Diversity: “Bhinneka Tunggal Ika”
● The phrase “Bhinneka Tunggal Ika” is written on the national symbol
(Garuda Pancasila) and means “Unity in Diversity.”
● It teaches us that even though we come from different backgrounds, we are
united as Indonesians.
● Tolerance, cooperation, and respect are key values to maintaining peace in
a diverse society.
● Celebrating our differences while working together strengthens national
identity and keeps Indonesia united and peaceful.

Answer the following questions correctly!

Exploring Ethnic Diversity Across Indonesia
1. Identify different ethnic groups from various regions such as Sumatra, Java,
Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Papua!
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2. How do traditional customs and lifestyles vary among ethnic groups in
Indonesia?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Why is Indonesia considered one of the most ethnically diverse countries in
the world?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Observing Cultural Expressions and Traditions
4. Identify examples of traditional clothing, food, dances, and houses from
different ethnic groups!
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
5. Examine how language, music, and rituals reflect cultural identity in different
regions!
__________________________________________________________________________________________

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 __________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
6. Predict how the country’s identity would change if cultural diversity were not
preserved.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Understanding the Importance of Unity in Diversity
7. Why is it important for people from different cultural backgrounds to live in
harmony?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
8. How can mutual respect and cooperation strengthen unity in a multicultural
society?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
9. Identify national symbols or mottos that promote unity, such as Bhinneka
Tunggal Ika!
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Reflecting on the Consequences of Disunity
10. Examine the effects of discrimination or intolerance within a diverse
population!
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
11. Predict what might happen if people stop valuing cultural differences in daily
life!
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________

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 12. Why must citizens protect both national unity and cultural richness at the
same time?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
In previous lessons, we explored how the Earth preserves the past through
fossils, teaching us about life long ago. Now, we shift from what has been buried in
stone to what is living and growing among us today: Indonesia’s cultural and ethnic
diversity. Just like fossils tell us the story of ancient life, our traditions, dances,
languages, and customs tell the ongoing story of who we are today. While each region
has its own identity, we all share the same land and future—this is why “unity in
diversity” is not just a motto, but a principle we must live by.
Learning about the many ethnic groups and cultures in Indonesia helps us
realize how Allah created humans with different languages, appearances, and ways of
life—not to divide us, but to help us learn, appreciate, and love one another. As stated
in Surah Al-Hujurat verse 13, “O mankind, We have created you from male and female
and made you into nations and tribes so that you may know one another.” This teaches
us that diversity is a blessing, and by respecting and uniting across our differences,
we show love—not only for each other—but also for the Creator who made us
different by design.
Experiment time
Biology
🧪 Student Worksheet
Topic: How Our Body Fights Disease and the Role of Hygiene
Name :____________________
Date :____________________
Class : ____________________
Part A: Soap vs. Germs Experiment
Objective:
To observe how soap helps remove or stop the spread of germs (represented by
pepper).
Materials Needed:
● Bowl of water
● Ground black pepper (as germs)
● Liquid soap
● Finger

Instructions:
1. Sprinkle pepper into the bowl of water.
2. Gently touch the water with your finger. What happens to the pepper?

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 3. Dip your finger in soap, then touch the peppery water again. What happens
now?
Observation:
1. What did you see when you touched the water the first time?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2. What did you see after using soap?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
3. What does this tell you about how soap affects germs?
__________________________________________________________________________________________

Part B: Body Defense Model (Optional Group Activity)

Match the defense mechanism with its function:
Body Part / System Function

Skin ☐ Traps dust and germs

Mucus (in nose) ☐ Destroys germs in food

Stomach acid ☐ Acts as a barrier against outside germs

White blood cells ☐ Attacks and destroys invading germs

Part C: Reflection
1. How does our body protect itself from disease?

2. Why is hygiene (like washing hands) important to help our body?

3. How can you help stop the spread of disease at home or school?

✅ Learning Summary (To be discussed with teacher)

● Some diseases are caused by viruses, bacteria, parasites, and fungi.
● Our body has natural defenses like skin, stomach acid, and mucus.
● Hygiene practices, such as washing hands and avoiding insect bites, help
prevent disease.
Chemistry
🧪 Student Worksheet – Hands-On Activity
Topic: Exploring Physical Changes and Conductivity
Name:____________________
Date:____________________
Class: ____________________

Part A: Reversible Physical Change – "Melting and Freezing"

Objective:
To observe a reversible physical change by melting and freezing water.

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Materials Needed:
● 1 small plastic cup or bowl
● Water
● Freezer
● Spoon
Steps:
1. Pour water into the cup.
2. Place the cup in the freezer for a few hours.
3. Take out the frozen ice and let it melt.
4. Use the spoon to stir and observe the process.
Observations:
● What happens to the water in the freezer?

● After taking it out, what happens to the ice?

● Can the process be reversed? How?

Part B: Thermal Conductivity – "Which Spoon Feels Warmer?"

Objective:
To observe thermal conductivity using spoons of different materials.
Materials Needed:
● 1 metal spoon
● 1 plastic spoon
● 1 cup of warm water
Steps:
1. Place both spoons in the cup of warm water.
2. Wait for 1–2 minutes.
3. Touch the handles of both spoons.
Observations:
● Which spoon feels warmer to the touch?

● Why do you think that happens?

● Which one conducts heat better?

☐ Metal spoon ☐ Plastic spoon

Part C: Electrical Conductivity – Optional (If Materials Are Available)

Objective:
To test if an object conducts electricity using a simple circuit.

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(Only for guided classroom activity or with supervision)
Materials (if available): battery, bulb, wires, various small objects (e.g., coin,
rubber, key, pencil)
Tested Objects:
Object Does it conduct electricity? (Yes / No)

Coin

Eraser

Key

Paperclip

Pencil lead

Conclusion Questions:
1. What is one physical change you observed that is reversible?

2. Which material conducted heat faster? Why do you think so?

3. Why is it important to know which materials conduct electricity?

Physics
⚙️Student Worksheet – Force and Motion
Topic: Force Diagrams and Effects of Forces on Motion
Name:____________________
Date:____________________
Class: ____________________

Part A: Drawing Force Diagrams

Instructions:
Draw a force diagram (using arrows) for each of the following situations. Label each
arrow with the name of the force (e.g., gravity, friction, push) and make the arrow
longer or shorter to show its size, and point it in the correct direction.
1. A book resting on a table.
(Forces: gravity, normal force)
✏️Draw here:

2. A person pushing a box to the right on a rough floor.

(Forces: push, friction, gravity, normal force)

✏️Draw here:

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 3. A ball falling freely through the air.
(Forces: gravity, air resistance)

✏️Draw here:

Part B: Analyze and Describe Motion

Instructions:
Read each scenario and answer the questions.
1. A toy car is pushed and moves forward, but gradually slows down and stops.

○ Which force made the car move? __________________________________

○ Which force caused it to slow down? ______________________________

○ Is this an example of balanced or unbalanced forces? _______________

2. A soccer ball is lying still on the ground. It only moves when someone kicks it.

○ What caused the ball to start moving? _____________________________

○ Why did the ball stay still before being kicked? _____________________

3. A book is falling off a shelf.

○ What force is acting on it as it falls? _____________________________

○ What might slow it down before hitting the ground? _________________

Part C: True or False – Circle the correct answer

1. An object will always move if a force is applied.
☐ True ☐False

2. Gravity always pulls objects downward.

☐True ☐False

3. If forces are balanced, an object stays still or moves at constant speed.

☐True ☐False

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 4. Friction helps objects move faster.
☐True ☐False

5. The bigger the arrow in a force diagram, the smaller the force.
☐True ☐False

✅ Summary Reflection
In your own words, explain how force diagrams help us understand the motion
of objects.
Earth and space
🦕 Student Worksheet – Hands-On Activity
Topic: How Fossils Form in Sedimentary Rocks
Name:____________________
Date:____________________
Class: ____________________

Part A: Mini Fossil Model – Create Your Own!

Objective:
To simulate the process of fossil formation in sediment layers using a simple model.

Materials Needed:
● A small plastic cup or container

● Sand or soil (2–3 handfuls)

● Flour or baking soda (optional, for fine sediment layer)

● Water (spray bottle or spoon)

● A small object to fossilize (leaf, shell, toy bone, pasta shape, etc.)

● Spoon or stick for pressing

Steps to Follow:
1. Put a thin layer of sand or soil into the bottom of the cup (this is the first
sediment layer).
2. Place your “fossil” object gently on top of the layer.
3. Add another layer of soil or flour to cover the object completely.
4. Lightly spray or sprinkle with water to simulate pressure and time.
5. Repeat steps 2–4 to make multiple layers (like sedimentary rock).
6. Press down gently to pack the layers.

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 7. Leave it for a few hours or overnight to harden slightly.

Part B: Observation & Drawing

1. What object did you choose to fossilize?

2. What materials did you use for your sediment layers?

3. Draw your fossil model and label:

○ Sediment layers

○ "Fossil" object

○ Pressure/water

✏️Drawing space:

Part C: Reflection Questions

1. What happened to your object as it got covered in layers?

2. How does this model show what happens in nature over many years?

3. What would happen if the object wasn’t buried quickly?

✅ What I Learned:
Write one thing you now understand better about fossils:

SCIENCE & SoCIAL

UNIT 3

‫ا‬‫َّن‬‫ال‬ ‫ُذ‬ ‫ُعو‬‫ُق ْل َأ‬

‫ِس‬ ‫ِّب‬ ‫ِبَر‬
"Say: I seek refuge in the Lord of mankind."
Just like Surat An-Naas teaches us to seek protection from things we cannot see
—“from the evil of the whisperer who whispers in the hearts of mankind”—in
science, we also study invisible things that affect what we see around us: particles.
When a solid dissolves in a liquid, we may not see where it goes, but the particle

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model helps us understand that the solid breaks into tiny particles and spreads out
between water molecules.
When we heat a liquid, the temperature affects how fast these particles move. That’s
why sugar dissolves faster in hot water than in cold. And when water changes to gas,
sometimes it does so gently through evaporation, and sometimes rapidly through
boiling. Even though these changes are invisible at the particle level, they are
powerful—just like the unseen forces that Surat An-Naas warns us about. This lesson
invites us to observe carefully, think deeply, and be grateful for the unseen systems
that Allah has placed in nature.

Chemistry

🎵 “Nyiur Hijau” –
By Maladi
Nyiur hijau di tepi pantai
Siar-siur daunnya melambai
Padi mengembang kuning meraya
Burung-burung bernyanyi gembira
Tanah airku tumpah darahku
Tanah yang subur kaya makmur
Tanah airku tumpah darahku
Tanah yang kaya permai nyata
Padi mengembang kuning meraya
Burung-burung bernyanyi gembira
Tanah airku tumpah darahku
Tanah yang subur kaya makmur
Tanah airku tumpah darahku
Tanah yang kaya permai nyata
🎵 “Nyiur hijau di tepi pantai, siar-siur daunnya melambai…”
Imagine the morning on the beach in Indonesia. A gentle breeze blows, the sun
touches the surface of the sea, and the coconut trees sway gently. This calm
atmosphere holds an extraordinary scientific phenomenon, although it is not always
visible.
One of them is evaporation. Seawater slowly evaporates into the air even though it is
not boiling. This is evaporation—the change from liquid to gas that occurs on the
surface of a liquid, at a temperature below its boiling point. Meanwhile, if water is
heated to 100°C, bubbles appear all over, and boiling occurs.
🎵 “Padi mengembang kuning meraya…”
In fertile rice fields, fertilizers and minerals dissolve in water to be absorbed by rice
roots. This dissolution process is also influenced by temperature. As the temperature

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increases, particles in the water move faster, so solids dissolve more easily and
quickly. This is part of the particle model: hotter water particles give solutes more
space and energy to spread out.

Have you ever made a cup of tea and noticed that sugar melts faster in hot water than
in cold? Or watched a puddle slowly disappear on a sunny day, but water in a kettle
turns to steam quickly with bubbles? These everyday moments actually show us how
temperature and heat affect the behavior of water and particles around us.
How to speed up the melting process?
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________

Physical Changes in Substances

Dissolving, Boiling, and Evaporation

1. Dissolving and Temperature
● When a solid dissolves in a liquid, it breaks into tiny particles that spread out
evenly.
● Temperature affects dissolving speed: solids dissolve faster in hot liquids
because heat gives particles more energy to move and mix.
● This is explained by the particle model, which shows that matter is made of tiny
moving particles. Higher temperature = faster movement.
2. Boiling vs. Evaporation
Boiling Evaporation
Happens at a specific temperature Happens at any temperature
(boiling point)
Forms bubbles throughout the liquid Happens only at the surface
Fast and visible process Slow and gradual process
Needs direct and constant heat Can happen naturally (e.g. sunlight)

3. Real-Life Examples
● Sugar dissolves quickly in hot tea but slowly in cold water.
● Water boils when heated on a stove, but evaporates slowly from a wet towel.
● Evaporation helps cool the body through sweating.

Answer the following questions correctly!

✅ Exploring How Solids Dissolve in Liquids

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 1. Identify examples of solids that can dissolve in liquids (e.g., salt, sugar in
water).
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2. How do solid particles behave when they dissolve in a liquid?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Why is stirring often used to help solids dissolve faster in liquids?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
✅ Examining the Effect of Temperature on Dissolving
4. Examine how temperature changes the movement of particles in a liquid!
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
5. How does warmer water affect the speed at which solids dissolve?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
6. Predict what happens if the same amount of sugar is added to cold and hot
water!
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
✅ Understanding Evaporation and Boiling
7. Identify the conditions in which evaporation and boiling occur!
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________

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 8. How do the speeds of evaporation and boiling differ?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
9. Why does boiling happen only at a specific temperature, while evaporation can
happen at any time?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
✅ Comparing Boiling and Evaporation Using the Particle Model
10. Examine the behavior of particles during boiling compared to evaporation!
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
11. How do heat energy and particle movement relate to both processes?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
12. Predict what would happen if water is slowly heated without reaching the
boiling point!
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
When we learn how solids dissolve faster in hot water or how water changes
into gas through boiling and evaporation, we are not just learning about science—we
are witnessing the hidden systems that Allah has placed in every part of His creation.
Through the particle model, we understand that even things we cannot see—tiny
moving particles—respond to heat and energy in precise ways. The difference
between boiling and evaporation shows that Allah has created multiple paths for the
same process, each with its own rhythm and purpose. As mentioned in Surah Al-
Mulk verse 3, “You do not see in the creation of the Most Merciful any inconsistency,”
this reminds us that every scientific law reflects Allah’s perfect design. By
understanding these changes, we are invited to be amazed, grateful, and more in love
with the Creator who designed even the smallest movement in nature with wisdom.

Puberty & Reproductive System

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 In our previous science lessons, we learned how physical changes happen to
matter—like solids dissolving in hot water, or liquids turning into gas through boiling
and evaporation. These processes show us that change is a natural part of how the
world works, especially when energy or time is involved. Now, we turn our attention
from the physical changes in substances to the physical changes in humans during
puberty. Just as matter transforms through natural laws, our bodies also experience
change as part of human growth.
Puberty is a stage where the human body begins to mature and develop the
reproductive system. It brings changes in appearance, emotions, and function—
designed with great care by the Creator. Allah reminds us in Surah At-Tariq verse 5:
“So let man observe from what he was created.”
This verse invites us to reflect on our creation and the amazing processes that shape
our development. Understanding puberty and the reproductive system helps us
appreciate that our bodies are not only changing but also a sign of Allah’s perfect
design and mercy.
Bio
🎵 “Nyiur hijau di tepi pantai, siar-siur daunnya melambai…”
Just as a coconut tree grows slowly on the shore, so do humans—we grow over
time. In the silence and beauty of nature, the human body undergoes a major change
called puberty. Puberty is the time when the body begins to mature physically and
biologically. The voice deepens, the body grows taller, hair grows in certain parts, and
the reproductive organs begin to develop. All of this is a natural process, part of the
journey of life that begins at birth.

🎵 “Padi mengembang kuning meraya…”

Like the yellowing of rice as a sign of plant maturity, our bodies also show signs
of growth. This indicates that we are ready to enter a new phase of responsibility,
understanding ourselves, and maintaining a healthy body.
The parts of the reproductive system—such as the testes and ovaries, uterus, vagina,
penis—have their respective functions in the life process. Understanding this is not
taboo, but rather a way for us to appreciate the body that is given, as we appreciate
this fertile land and nature.

🎵 “Tanah airku tumpah darahku, tanah yang subur kaya makmur…”

Our bodies are part of this homeland. So taking care of it, knowing it, and
understanding its growth process is a form of gratitude and responsibility for the life
that grows on the earth of Indonesia.

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Every day, you may notice small changes in yourself or your friends—someone grows
taller, another’s voice becomes deeper, or new feelings begin to appear. You might
start feeling shy, curious, or even confused about what’s happening in your body.
These changes can feel surprising, but they are actually a normal part of growing
up, experienced by everyone in their own time. They are signs that your body is
preparing you for the next stage of life, both physically and emotionally.
How to avoid reproductive diseases?
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________

Puberty and the Human Reproductive System

1. What is Puberty?
● Puberty is a natural stage of growth when a child's body begins to develop
into an adult body.
● It usually begins between the ages of 9–15, and the timing can be different for
everyone.
● Puberty brings physical, emotional, and social changes.

2. Physical Changes During Puberty

Girls Boys Both

Development of breasts Voice becomes deeper Growth in height and weight

Start of menstruation Growth of facial and Mood swings and emotional

(period) body hair changes
Widening of hips Enlargement of testes Oily skin and acne
and penis
● These changes are controlled by hormones, special chemicals made by the
body.
3. Human Reproductive System (Basic Parts)
Female Reproductive System Male Reproductive System
Ovaries Testes
Fallopian tubes Penis
Uterus (womb) Scrotum
Vagina Sperm ducts
● The female reproductive system produces eggs and supports pregnancy.
● The male reproductive system produces sperm.

4. Why This Topic Matters

● Understanding puberty helps students accept and respect their own growth.

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 ● Learning the parts of the reproductive system helps promote body
awareness, health, and respect for others.
● These changes are a normal and important part of growing into adulthood.

Answer the following questions correctly!

✅ Understanding Growth and Development Before Puberty
1. Identify basic differences between children and adults in terms of body size
and voice.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Why is it important for the human body to go through physical changes during
adolescence?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
✅ Recognizing the Start of Puberty
3. How do hormones act as signals that trigger changes in the body during
puberty?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
4. Identify the age range when puberty commonly begins in boys and girls!
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
5. Predict how the timing of puberty may vary between individuals and what
factors influence it!
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________

✅ Observing Physical Changes During Puberty

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 6. Identify the physical changes that occur specifically in boys during puberty
(e.g., deeper voice, facial hair)!
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
7. Identify the physical changes that occur specifically in girls (e.g., breast
development, menstruation)!
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
8. Examine physical changes that occur in both boys and girls (e.g., height
growth, body odor, acne)!
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
9. Why do emotional and social changes often accompany physical development?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
✅ Exploring the Male Reproductive System
10. Identify the main parts of the male reproductive system (e.g., testes, penis,
scrotum)!
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
11. How do these parts function in relation to puberty and reproduction?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
12. Examine how sperm production begins and what signals its start!
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
✅ Exploring the Female Reproductive System

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 13. Identify the main parts of the female reproductive system (e.g., ovaries, uterus,
vagina)!
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
14. How do these parts work together during the menstrual cycle?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
15. Why is menstruation considered a sign that puberty has progressed in girls?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
✅ Connecting Changes to the Reproductive System
16. Examine how the reproductive organs change in function during and after
puberty.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
17. Predict the importance of maintaining reproductive health during puberty and
beyond.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________

18. How can understanding the reproductive system help prevent misinformation
and build responsibility?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________

As we grow and experience the physical and emotional changes of puberty, we begin
to witness the signs of Allah’s love and wisdom in our own bodies. Each part of our
reproductive system, every change in voice, size, feeling, and function, is part of the
design that prepares us for maturity and responsibility. These changes are not
accidents, but reminders that we are growing according to the plan of the One who

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created us. As Allah says in Surah Al-Mu’minun verse 14, “Then We developed the
drop into a clot, then the clot into a lump, then We made bones, and then clothed the
bones with flesh; then We produced it as another creation. So blessed is Allah, the best of
creators.” Through understanding our bodies, we are invited to respect ourselves,
care for others, and grow in love and gratitude to the Creator who designed us
perfectly.

Mass, Shape, and Buoyancy

After learning about the changes in the human body during puberty—how we grow
in size, shape, and function—we now move on to understanding how mass and
shape affect the behavior of objects in water. Just like our bodies are designed with
balance and purpose, every object around us also behaves according to laws set by
Allah. A boat floats not just because it is light, but because of its shape that spreads its
weight across water. On the other hand, a small metal coin may sink because its mass
is concentrated in a small area. This teaches us that shape and design matter—not
only in people, but in nature too.
As Allah says in Surah Al-Furqan verse 2: “He created all things and determined them
with precise measure.” This verse reminds us that nothing in creation is random.
Whether it’s the shape of our body or the shape of a boat, everything follows the
perfect balance Allah has established in the universe. Through this lesson, we
continue to observe, reflect, and grow in love for the Creator who designed
everything with harmony and wisdom.

Physics

🎵 “Melambai-lambai nyiur di pantai, berbisik-bisik raja kelana…”

Imagine you are a “nomad king”—a traveler sitting on the shore, watching the
coconut trees sway and the waves move. In front of you is a coconut shell floating, and
a small stone sinking in the clear water.
Why is it different?
This is a lesson on mass, shape, and buoyancy.
Any object placed in water experiences a force from below, called buoyancy. Whether
an object floats or sinks depends on:
The mass of the object — the greater the mass (weight), the greater the force of
gravity pulling down
The shape and volume of the object — the greater the volume submerged, the greater
the buoyancy of the water
🎵 “Siar-siur daunnya melambai…”
Like a coconut leaf that floats slowly to the surface of the water, light and hollow
objects tend to float. But small, solid objects, like marbles, sink easily.

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Have you ever seen some objects float while others sink, even when they are small or
large? It makes us wonder why shape and weight matter so much in water.
1. How do you make a sinking object float?
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
___
Floating and Sinking – Mass and Shape
1. Understanding Floating and Sinking
● Whether an object floats or sinks in water depends on two main factors:
mass and shape.
● This concept is part of buoyancy, which is the ability of an object to float in a
fluid like water.
2. Mass
● Mass is the amount of matter in an object (measured in grams or kilograms).
● Objects with greater mass in a small volume tend to be denser, and may
sink.
● Lighter or less dense objects may float, even if they are large.
3. Shape
● Shape affects how water pushes up against an object.
● Wide, flat shapes spread the mass, increasing the surface area and allowing
the object to float better.
● Even heavy objects (like ships) can float if their shape displaces enough water.
4. Real-Life Examples
● A coin sinks because it is small and dense.
● A plastic bottle floats because it’s light and contains air.
● A metal boat floats because of its hull shape, even though metal is heavy.
5. Why It Matters
● Understanding this helps us design boats, ships, and floating devices.
● It also helps us make predictions in daily life and science experiments about
why some things float while others don’t.

Answer the following questions correctly!

✅ Understanding Objects in Water
1. Identify objects that typically float and those that usually sink in water.
__________________________________________________________________________________________

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 __________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2. How does water push upward on an object placed in it? (Introduce concept of
buoyant force)
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Why does a heavy metal ship float, while a small metal coin sinks?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
✅ Examining the Role of Mass
4. Identify the relationship between an object’s mass and its tendency to float or
sink.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
5. How does increasing the mass of an object affect the force it applies on water?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
6. Predict what would happen if a large, heavy object is placed gently on water.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
✅ Exploring the Role of Shape
7. How can changing the shape of an object affect whether it floats or sinks?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
8. Examine how flat, wide shapes spread weight across more water compared to
compact shapes!

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 __________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
7. Identify examples of objects with the same mass but different shapes that
behave differently in water!
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
✅ Applying the Concept to Real-Life Situations
8. Why are boats and ships designed with a hollow, curved bottom?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
9. Examine the differences in how a ball of clay sinks, but the same clay shaped
like a bowl floats!
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
10. Predict whether a wooden cube or a wooden spoon of the same mass will float
better, and explain why.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
When we observe how some objects float and others sink, we are not just seeing
science—we are witnessing the wisdom and precision of Allah’s creation. A tiny
leaf floats gently on water, while a small metal coin sinks quickly. It is not only about
size, but about how Allah has designed the balance between mass, shape, and the
forces of nature. This shows that everything in the universe follows a perfect system.
As Allah says in Surah Ar-Rahman verse 7–8, “And the heaven He raised and imposed
the balance, so that you do not transgress in the balance,” reminding us that even
floating and sinking are not random—they are part of the beautiful balance created
by the Most Wise. Learning this helps us not only understand science, but also grow
in love, awe, and gratitude to Allah.

Indonesian National Figures and Inventors

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After learning how mass and shape affect whether an object floats or sinks, we begin
to see that science is not just about observing nature—it’s about applying knowledge
to solve real problems. Engineers and scientists use these principles to design boats,
bridges, and tools that help people in daily life. This understanding leads us into our
next topic: Indonesian national figures and inventors who used their skills,
creativity, and love for their country to create inventions that improve lives. These
inventions—whether in health, technology, or transportation—are proof that
knowledge, when guided by purpose, brings benefit to many.
As Allah says in Surah Al-Baqarah verse 269:
“He gives wisdom to whom He wills, and whoever has been given wisdom has certainly
been given much good.”
This reminds us that knowledge is a gift, and when used with sincerity and care, it
can change the world for the better. Through this lesson, we will learn not only what
our national heroes invented, but how they inspire us to use science and creativity
with purpose, responsibility, and love for others.

Social

🎵 “Tanah airku tumpah darahku, tanah yang subur kaya makmur…”

Indonesia is not only a land that grows rice and coconuts—but also a land that grows
great ideas and important discoveries.
From fertile soil are born not only agricultural products, but also national figures who
have contributed to building the nation with their thoughts and works.
📚 Ki Hadjar Dewantara pioneered the national education system.
💡 BJ Habibie discovered airplane technology and made Indonesia's name famous in
the field of engineering.
💊 Prof. Soemitro Djojohadikusumo encouraged innovation in the fields of economics
and national policy.
🔬 Tjipto Mangunkusumo and medical figures helped advance public health.
They are all "rice that is yellowing"—a symbol of mature and useful ideas. Their
discoveries were not instant results, but the result of perseverance, education, and
love for the homeland.
🎵 “Burung-burung bernyanyi gembira…”
Just like birds that fly freely because of peaceful nature, great thoughts can grow if
this nation is free and independent—especially independent in learning and working.

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Every time you ride a bus, cross a bridge, turn on a lamp, or watch videos to study at
home, you are using tools and systems that make life easier. But have you ever
stopped to wonder—who made all of this possible? Behind many things we use
today are people who once had an idea, worked hard, and invented something useful
for everyone. They were not superheroes, but real Indonesians—just like you—who
used their knowledge and love for the country to help others.
How to emulate heroic qualities?
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
National Figures and Important Inventions in Indonesia – Their Impact on
People’s Lives
1. What Are National Figures?
● National figures are influential individuals who have contributed significantly
to Indonesia through science, invention, innovation, and dedication to public
good.
● They may be scientists, engineers, educators, doctors, or creative thinkers who
developed ideas or tools that improved people’s lives.

2. Examples of Indonesian National Figures and Their Inventions

Figure Invention/Contribution Impact on Society

B.J. Habibie N-250 aircraft (aviation Developed Indonesia’s own

engineer) airplane, boosted national
pride
Tjokorda Raka Sosrobahu (rotating flyover Helped build flyovers
Sukawati system) without stopping traffic flow
Khoirul Anwar OFDM-based 4G technology Improved internet and
(telecom scientist) mobile communication
worldwide
Warsito Purwo ECVT vest for cancer therapy Offered alternative cancer
Taruno treatment with electrical
imaging
Yogi Ahmad New formula for oil reservoir Helped improve energy
Erlangga modeling efficiency and resource
exploration
Tri Mumpuni Micro-hydro power plant for Brought electricity to remote
rural areas villages in Indonesia
Prof. BJ Sangkot Medical genetics research Contributed to disease
Marzuki prevention and diagnostics

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Prof. Sarwono Innovations in maternal health Reduced maternal mortality
Prawirohardjo with safer birthing practices
Hasanuddin Polyethylene plastic innovation Improved material
Abdurakhman technology in local industries
Nurhayati Founder of Wardah Cosmetics Promoted ethical
Subakat (halal beauty innovation) entrepreneurship and local
industry growth
3. How These Inventions Help People
● Solve real-world problems: transportation, electricity, health,
communication, education.
● Improve quality of life: making life easier, safer, more connected, and more
productive.
● Build national pride: showing that Indonesians can lead in science and
innovation.
● Inspire young generations to use their creativity and intelligence to help
others.

4. Core Values from These Figures

● Creativity and innovation
● Service to others
● Perseverance despite challenges
● Nationalism and global impact
● Responsibility in using knowledge for good

Answer the questions correctly!

✅ Introducing National Figures in Indonesian History
1. Identify national figures who contributed to science, education, health, or
technology in Indonesia.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2. How did these figures help improve the nation’s development or
independence?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Why are these individuals remembered as important contributors to
Indonesian society?

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 __________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
✅ Exploring Key Inventions in Indonesia
4. Identify important inventions or innovations developed in Indonesia (e.g.,
palm sugar machine, seed sorter, rice-husk stove)!
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
5. Examine how local inventions often solve problems faced by communities in
daily life!
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
6. How can a simple invention help increase productivity in farming, cooking, or
education?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
✅ Connecting Inventions to People’s Lives
7. Why are inventions important for improving the quality of life in society?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
8. Examine how an invention like the water filter or electric rice cooker affects
daily routines!
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
9. Predict how life would be different without certain inventions used in homes,
schools, or hospitals!
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________

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✅ Understanding National Pride and Responsibility
10. Identify how inventions reflect creativity and problem-solving in Indonesia.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
11. Why is it important to support innovation and appreciate inventors as part of
national progress?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
12. How can learning about national figures and inventions inspire future
generations to create and contribute?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________

Behind every invention that helps people—bridges, medicines, electricity,

communication—there is a heart that wants to serve and a mind that seeks to solve.
Our national inventors are not only heroes of science, but examples of those who use
knowledge with purpose and compassion. Their work reflects the values of sincerity,
service, and devotion to the greater good. As Allah says in Surah Al-Mujadila verse
11: “Allah will raise those who have believed among you and those who were given
knowledge, by degrees.” This teaches us that true love for Allah is not just in words,
but in using the gifts He gives—like intelligence, creativity, and time—to benefit
others. Through learning about these national figures, students are encouraged to
grow in love for Allah by using their own potential to serve people and uplift their
nation.

Soil and Its Suitability for Plants

After learning about the brilliant minds behind Indonesia’s inventions—who used
science to improve people’s lives—we now turn to one of the most essential natural
resources that supports life: soil. Just as inventors analyze and solve problems using
knowledge, we too must understand the ground we walk on. Soil is not just dirt—it
is a living system, rich with particles like clay, sand, and organic matter. Farmers,
scientists, and environmentalists must know how to classify soil and analyze its
composition, because healthy soil means healthy plants, food, and people. This next
topic teaches us how soil changes over time and how its makeup can support or

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harm plant growth—reminding us that even what seems ordinary plays a major role
in sustaining life.
Let us reflect on Surah Al-An’am verse 99:
“And it is He who sends down rain from the sky, and We produce thereby the growth of
all things… and from the soil We bring forth gardens with rows of crops.”
This ayah reminds us that Allah’s design of the earth includes soil with varied
properties, and that by understanding it, we become caretakers of creation—just like
the inventors who sought to improve lives through knowledge and care.

Earth & Space

🎵 “Tanah airku tumpah darahku, tanah yang subur kaya makmur…”

Indonesia is called fertile land for a reason. In this country, rice can grow,
bananas bear fruit, and flowers bloom all year round. But not all plants can grow in all
types of soil. Each type of soil has a different composition and properties, which affect
plant growth.
There is sandy soil that is loose but dries quickly. Suitable for watermelon or peanuts.
There is clay soil that is dense and retains water. Good for rice or plants that like
water.
There is also humus soil that is rich in organic matter. This is the most fertile soil,
suitable for almost all types of plants.
🎵 “Padi mengembang kuning meraya…”
Rice will not turn yellow with joy if it is not planted in suitable soil and managed
properly. Therefore, farmers must understand the type of soil they have, so they
know what plants are suitable, what fertilizers are needed, and how to care for it. Soil
is not just dust and mud. It is a living system, storing water, air, and nutrients for
plant roots.

When you see green grass in the park, blooming flowers in the garden, or
vegetables growing on a farm, have you ever thought about what lies beneath them?
The soil may seem simple, but it's full of life and different materials. Some soil holds
water well, others dry out fast. The type of soil can decide whether a plant grows
strong or struggles to survive. Just like people need the right environment to grow,
so do plants.
How do you make soil fertile?

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__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
Soil Composition and Its Effects on Plant Growth
1. What Is Soil?
Soil is a mixture of minerals, organic matter, water, and air. It is the foundation
for plant life, and its composition affects how well plants grow. The three main
components used to classify soil are:
● Clay: Made of very small particles. Clay feels sticky when wet and becomes
hard when dry. It holds a lot of water but has poor drainage.
● Sand: Made of large particles. Sand feels rough and gritty. It drains water
quickly but doesn't hold nutrients well.
● Organic content (Humus): Decomposed remains of plants and animals.
Humus is rich in nutrients, holds moisture well, and improves soil texture and
fertility.
2. Types of Soil Based on Composition
Soils are classified based on the proportion of clay, sand, and humus they contain:
● Clay soil: High in clay. Very dense, holds water, but may cause poor root
growth due to low air circulation.
● Sandy soil: High in sand. Drains quickly but needs frequent watering and
fertilizing.
● Loamy soil: A balanced mix of sand, clay, and humus. Ideal for most plants
because it retains moisture and nutrients while allowing proper drainage.
● Humus-rich soil: Contains a large amount of organic matter. Dark, soft, and
fertile — excellent for farming and gardening.
3. How Soil Composition Affects Plant Growth
● Water retention: Clay holds water, while sand loses it quickly. Plants in sandy
soil may dry out faster.
● Nutrient availability: Humus provides nutrients; sandy soil lacks them.
Plants need nutrients to grow strong and healthy.
● Air circulation: Roots need oxygen. Dense clay soils may block air, while
sandy soils allow air flow more easily.
● Root support: The texture and firmness of soil affects how roots anchor and
expand.
4. Changing and Improving Soil
● Soil composition can be changed by human action or nature:
○ Adding compost or manure improves organic content.
○ Mixing sand or clay can adjust drainage and texture.
○ Crop rotation and mulching help maintain fertility.
● Understanding these changes helps gardeners and farmers choose the right
crops for each soil type and improve harvests.
5. Why Understanding Soil Matters

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 ● Helps ensure healthy crop production and food security.
● Supports environmental conservation and reduces erosion.
● Encourages responsible farming and sustainable living.
● Teaches students how nature and agriculture are deeply connected.

Answer the following questions correctly!

✅ Understanding Types of Soil
1. Identify the three main components of soil: clay, sand, and organic matter!
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
___
2. How do clay, sand, and organic materials differ in texture and appearance?
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
___
3. Why is it important to know the composition of soil in a particular area?
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
___
✅ Classifying Soil Types
4. Identify soil types based on their dominant content (e.g., sandy soil, clay soil,
loamy soil)!
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
___
5. Examine how water moves differently through sandy, clay, and organic-rich soils.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
___

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6. Predict which type of soil would dry the fastest and which would retain the most
water.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
___
✅ Exploring How Soil Affects Plant Growth
7. How does soil composition influence the ability of roots to grow and absorb
nutrients?
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
___
8. Why do some plants grow better in loamy soil than in sandy or clay soils?
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
___
9. Examine the relationship between soil texture and plant health or crop success!
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
___
✅ Observing Changes in Soil Composition
10. Identify natural and human-caused factors that can change soil composition (e.g.,
erosion, composting, pollution)!
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
___
11. How can adding organic matter improve poor-quality soil?
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________

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 _____________________________________________________________________________________________
___
12. Predict the effects on plant growth if soil becomes compacted or loses nutrients
over time.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
___
When we learn about soil—how it is formed from clay, sand, and organic matter, and
how it helps plants grow—we begin to see that nothing in nature is random. Every
handful of soil holds life and purpose. The way it retains water, supports roots, and
nourishes plants shows us the beautiful system Allah has created. As stated in Surah
Al-An’am verse 99: “And We bring forth thereby vegetation of every kind.” This reminds
us that healthy soil is not only a scientific topic but a sign of Allah’s mercy and
precision. By caring for the earth and understanding the soil, we learn to be grateful
and responsible as part of our love and devotion to Allah.
Time to experiment:
Chemistry
🔬 Title: How Temperature Affects Dissolving and the Difference Between
Boiling and Evaporation

🧪 Objective:
● Observe how temperature influences how fast solids dissolve in liquids.
● Understand and distinguish between boiling and evaporation using real
observations.
🧂 Materials:
● 3 clear cups or glasses
● Warm water (not boiling)
● Cold water
● Room-temperature water
● 3 teaspoons of sugar or salt
● Stirring spoon
● Stopwatch or clock
● Kettle or pot (for boiling water, teacher demo only)
● Shallow dish or plate

🧬 Part 1: Temperature and Dissolving (Particle Model)

1. Label 3 cups: Cold, Room Temp, and Warm.
2. Fill each with the same amount of water at different temperatures.
3. Add 1 teaspoon of sugar to each cup at the same time.
4. Start the timer and stir each cup for 10 seconds.

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 5. Observe and record:

○ Which one dissolves fastest?

○ Which one takes longer?
Explanation:
Warmer temperatures make particles move faster, so sugar particles spread and mix
quicker—this links to the particle model.

🔥 Part 2: Boiling vs Evaporation

Boiling (Demo or supervised activity):
1. Heat water in a kettle or pot until it boils.
2. Observe how bubbles form throughout the water and rise to the top.
3. Ask students: “What is causing the bubbles?”
Evaporation (Student activity):
1. Pour room temperature water into a shallow dish.
2. Leave it uncovered near sunlight or under a fan.
3. Observe the water level over time (hours/days).
4. Discuss how evaporation happens slowly, from the surface only.

Key Differences:
Boiling Evaporation

Happens at 100°C (water) Happens at any temperature

Fast, with bubbles Slow, surface only

Entire liquid is involved Only top layer changes

🔍 Analysis Questions
1. How did the sugar dissolve differently in warm, room-temperature, and cold
water?
(Based on your observations, explain the differences in speed and clarity.)
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
__
2. Why did the sugar dissolve faster in warm water?
(Relate your answer to the movement of particles in different temperatures.)
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
__
3. Examine the results: In which cup did the sugar remain most visible after
stirring? What does this tell you about particle behavior in cold water?

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 _____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
__
4. Predict what would happen if you used boiling water instead of warm water for
dissolving sugar. Would it dissolve instantly or cause other changes?
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
__
5. How can the particle model explain why warmer water dissolves solids more
quickly?
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
__
6. How did the appearance of boiling water differ from the dish left to evaporate?
(Describe what you saw and compare the processes.)
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
__
7. Why does evaporation take longer than boiling, even though both change liquid
into gas?
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
__
8. Examine the evaporation dish: If you left it for 2 days, what changes would you
expect? Would temperature and airflow affect it?
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
__
9. How does surface area influence evaporation? What might happen if you used a
deeper glass instead of a shallow dish?
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
__

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10. Predict how this knowledge could be useful in real life—for example, in cooking,
drying clothes, or preserving food.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
__

MATHEMATICS
UNIT 1

‫ا‬‫َّن‬‫ال‬ ‫ُذ‬ ‫ُعو‬‫ُق ْل َأ‬

‫ِس‬ ‫ِّب‬ ‫ِبَر‬
"Say: I seek refuge in the Lord of mankind."
In accordance with the nature of Allah, Al Qayyum [Asmaul Husna 63] which
means standing alone.
Protect yourself and your family from the torment of hellfire! In life, humans are
not only individual creatures but also social creatures. This means that they are
interdependent on each other.
Thus in mathematical calculations, it is certainly inseparable from 4 components,
namely Numbering, Measurement, Geometry [Plane figure and Solid figure} and data
handling. All materials in mathematics will be easy to master if done happily and full
of love, Mathematics should not be feared but must be liked. Innamal a'malu binniyat
means everything that is done is in accordance with the intention. Intend to learn
mathematics as provisions in sailing the ship. Here are the materials in learning
mathematics.
Indonesia consists of several islands united in one entity, namely the Unity of
Indonesia. Each island has a different location or position. The position in Cartesian
coordinates is represented by a point.
A collection of points forms a line. A combination of several lines arranged in
order will form a two-dimensional shape. And from certain two-dimensional shapes,
three-dimensional shapes are formed. From these three-dimensional shapes, we can
calculate their volume.
Just like a person—if their inner self is filled with positive things, then they will
become a good person; but if filled with negative things, they will be ruined. The
surface area of a three-dimensional shape can also be calculated.

Satu Nusa Satu Bangsa

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 By Liberty Manik
Satu Nusa Satu Bangsa
Satu Bahasa kita
Tanah Air pasti jaya untuk slama -lamanya
Indonesia pusaka
Indonesia tercinta
Nusa bangsa dan Bahasa
kita bela Bersama

1. Compare the area of a rectangle and a circle!

25 cm 42 cm

45 cm
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2. Compare the surface area of cuboid and cube!

13 cm

11 cm
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
16 cm 14 cm
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
1. NUMBERING
Example:
452 + 35 x 12 – 125 = 452 + 420 – 125
= 872 – 125
= 747
In the number calculation operation, the order of pi po lon do, ping poro lan
sudo applies, meaning that the order of the number calculation operation

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 applies according to the order, namely multiplication [ping] division [poro]
addition [lan] subtraction [sudo].
Question :
1. 235 + 24 x 125 – 240 = ……..
2. 315 – 125 + 25 x 125 = …….
3. 500 : 125 + 335 – 250 = ……..

LCM and HCF/GCF/GCD

- Multiples
Multiples are the result of multiplying numbers sequentially.
- Example of a story LCM
Fila saves every 4 days and Farah every 6 days. They save together
February 20, 2024. On what date did you save for the second and third?
Answer :
LCM = 2 x 2 x 3 = 12

Answer:
They were saved together = February 20, 2024.
Save for the second time February 20, 2024 + 12 days = 32
32 – 29 [February 2024] = 3 March
The lesson we can learn from number arithmetic operations, both
integers and fractions, is that every number, if arithmetic operations are
performed, will produce a new number. That means that we as humans do
not need to count our acts of worship. Everything we do is intended to seek
Allah's pleasure. All activities we do will definitely get a commensurate
reward.
Question:
1. A florist has a flower collection consisting of 15 red flowers, 25 yellow flowers,
and 30 purple flowers. The flowers are arranged into vases with the same
number of each flower. How many flower vases are needed?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Talifah studies math every 3 days, Aisyah every 5 days, and Faizah every 6 days.
If they study together on Tuesday, 5 February 2025, when will they study math
together again?

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 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. MEASUREMENT
a. Time
About hour, minute and second
1 Hour = 60 minutes 1 Minute = 1/60 hour
1 Minute = 60 Second 1 Second = 1/60 minute
1 Hour = 3600 Second 1 Second = 1/3600 hour

1 century = 100 years

1 Octanium = 1 leap = 8 years
1 decade = 1 dasawarsa = 10 years
1 lustrum = 5 years

Question:
1. Andi boarded a bus from Jakarta to Bandung at 07:30. The journey taken by
the bus was 2 hours and 25 minutes. What time did Andi arrive in Bandung?
Answer:
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. a. In 2024, Amir's age was 1/4 of his mother's age. If Amir’s mother was
born in 1969, in what year was Amir born?
Answer:
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

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 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

b. Weight

Question:
Mrs. Farida bought 2.5 tons of rice, 5.25 quintals of sugar, and 50 kg of wheat
flour. What is the total weight of Mrs. Farida’s groceries?
Answer:
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Every human deed will be accounted for in the afterlife. Humans will receive
rewards commensurate with the severity or lightness of the deeds they perform. If
the good deeds are heavy then the reward will be received and if the bad deeds are
heavy then the sin will be accepted. Let us compete in goodness.

Q.S Al-Ma'idah (5): 2

‫َل‬ ‫اَل‬ ‫ْل‬ ‫َل‬

‫َوَتَعاَوُنْوا َع ى ا ِبِّر َوالَّتْقٰوۖى ۖى َو َتَعاَوُنْوا َع ى اِاْلْثِم‬
‫َواْلُعْدَواِن‬
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 "And cooperate in righteousness and piety, but do not cooperate in sin and
aggression."

3. GEOMETRY 2D
Rectangle
Area = length x width
Perimeter = 2 x [ length + width]

Square

Area = sisi x sisi

Perimeter = 4 x sisi

Triangle

Area = ½ x base x height

height
Perimeter = side + side + side

base

Circle

Area = xrxr
diameter
Perimeter = x 2 x r atau xd
radius

Trapezoid

a Area = ½ x [ a + b ] x height
Perimeter = a + s + b + s
s s a and b are parallel side
height

b
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 Question:
1. A circular garden with a radius of 140 cm. Flowers will be planted at the
edge of the garden with a distance of 20 cm. How many flowers are needed
at the edge of the garden?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2. A house yard is in the shape of a trapezoid with the lengths of the parallel
sides measuring 6 meters and 4.5 meters. The height (width) of the yard is
4 meters. What is the area of the yard in square meters?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. GEOMETRY 3D
a. CYLINDER
FORMULA
Volume = xrxrxh

= or 3.14

Surface area = 2 x xrx[r+h]

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 Example:
A cylinder has a radius of 6 cm, a height of 7 cm, and pi = 22/7. Calculate the
volume of the tube.
Discussion:
The formula for the volume of a cylinder is V = πr² x t

V= x 6² x 7

= x 252

= 792 cm³
So, the volume of the cylinder is 792 cm³ or 0.792 liter
b. PYRAMID
Formula for Volume of a Triangular Pyramid

Volume = x[ xaxb]xh

Formula for Volume of a Rectangular Pyramid (Square)

Volume = xsxsxh

Formula for Volume of a Rectangular Pyramid (rectangle)

Volume = xlxwxh

Question:
1. Davia runs around the field which is in the form of a circle with a radius of 14
meters. If he runs 5 times. How long is the path he takes?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

2. A cylindrical tank has a diameter of 3 meters and a height of 4.2 meters. If the
tank is filled to the brim with water, how much water is needed in cubic meters
(m³) and in liters?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. A pyramid has a rectangular base with a size of 45 cm x 20 cm and a height of

25 cm. Calculate the volume of the pyramid!
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
c. Cuboid
Formula
Volume = length x weight x height
Surface area = 2 x {[l x w] + [l x h] + [w x h]} or
Surface area = 2 x l x w
2xlxh
2xwxh +

d. Cube
Formula
Volume = s x s x s
Surface area = 6 x [s x s]

e. Ratio
Question:
1. Comparison of chicken and duck in the cage is 3: 4. The number of ducks and
chickens in the cage is 42 tails. How many chickens in the cage? What is the
number of ducks? What is the difference between chicken and duck in the
cage?
Answer:
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

2. Comparison of cows and buffalo farmer is 3 : 5. The difference between the

number of cow and buffalo farmer is 14 tails. What is the number of cows pack
farm? What is the number of buffalo farmer? and how many cows and buffalo
farmer?
Answer:
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

f. Distance, Time and Speed/Velocity

1. Space/Distance = Velocity x Time
2. Velocity = Space : Time.
3. Time = Space : Velocity

g. Debit, Volume and Time

1. Debit = Volume / Time
2. Volume = Debit x Time
3. Time = Volume / Debit

Question:
Father drives a car with a speed of 70 km/hours to cover a distance 140 km.
On the way father stopped to refuel for 15 minutes and stopped at the rest
area for 30 minutes. If father leaves at 05.45, then arrives at the destination
at……
Answer :
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

5. HANDLING DATA
A. MEAN, MODE, MEDIAN
1. Example of odd data median
Grade 6 students' Math scores are as follows: 70, 60, 80, 80, 70, 80, 75, 75, 90,
80, 100, 70, 80, 85, 70.
Solution:
Data after sort: 60, 70, 70, 70, 70, 75, 75, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 85, 90, 100

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 Number of data = 15
Me = (N+1)/2
Me = (15+1)2
Me = 16/2
Me = 8
Data to-8 is 80
So the median is the eighth data that is 80.
a. How to find the median of even data
How to find the median of even data is different from odd data. As for
finding the median for even data, you can see the formula below.
Me = ((N/2+((N/2)+1)):2
Description N = a lot of data
So, based on the formula above, to find the middle data or central data, if
there are even numbers of data, then divide the amount of data by two
plus the amount of data divided by two plus one, then divide by two.
For example, the number of data is 20. Then the median method is 20/2 =
10. So the median is the 10th data plus the 11th data then divided by 2.
For convenience, you can see the example below.
Example of even data median
Grade 6 students' Mathematics scores are as follows: 70, 60, 80, 80, 70, 80,
75, 75, 90, 80, 100, 70, 80, 85, 70, 80.

Solution:
Data after sort: 60, 70, 70, 70, 70, 75, 75, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 85, 90, 100
Amount of data (N) = 16
Me = ((N/2) + ((N/2) +1)) :2
Me = (16/2 + (16/2) +1) :2
Me = (data ke 8 + data 9) :2
Data ke 8 = 80
Data ke 9 = 80
So the median of the data is (80+80)2 = 160/2
Median = 80
b. Definition and How to Calculate the Mean/Average
Grade 6 students' Math scores are as follows:
70, 60, 80, 80, 70, 80, 75, 75, 90, 80, 100, 70, 80, 85, 70, 80.
What is the average grade 6 Math score?
The first step is to add up all the data
Sum of all data= 1245
Number of data = 16
Average = Number of data/lots of data
Average = 1245/16

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 Average = 77.8125
If you take 2 digits after the comma then the result is Average = 77,81
Question.

The following is a table of 6th grader’s favorite food!

Food Student
Meatball 18 students
Soto 12 students
Chicken noodle 15 students
1. Median =
Fried rice 5 students
…………………..
2. Modus = …………………..
3. Mean = …………………..

6. GRAPH and CALCULATING PIE CHART IN PERCENT

1. Graphs
The graph is a picture of the ups and downs of a state or existing data with lines
or drawings. Graphs are divided into three kinds, namely bar graph, line graph,
and circle graph.
a. Bar graph is a painting up and down data in the form of bars or beams and
used to suppress the existence of different levels or values of aspects

Example :

b. Line graph is a picture up and down painting of lines that are connected
from data points in sequence. This graph is used to describe developments
or changes over time.

Example :

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 c. The Circle graph is a picture of the ups and downs of the data in the form
of a circle to describe the percentage of total or total value.
Example :

2. Relationship of graphs and tables with data processing

1. Example Question part 1
Look the diagram!
a. If the total student is 200 students. Find students that
favorite sport Basketball, soccer and tennis!
b. If we make degree component, draw again the diagram
with degree component!
c. Find the total student favorite Volley ball and Badminton!
Answer:

a. Basket ball 22 % from 200 students = x 200 = 44 students

Soccer 29 % from 200 students = x 200 = 58 students

Tennis 18 % from 200 students = x 200 = 36 students

The total are 44 + 58 + 36 = 138 students

b. Draw the diagram!

First ways, find the total students.

- Basket ball 22 % from 200 students = x 200 = 44

students

- Soccer 29 % from 200 students = x 200 = 58

students

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 - Tennis 18 % from 200 students = x 200 = 36 students

- Volley ball 18 % from 200 students = x 200 = 36 students

- Badminton 13 % from 200 students = x 200 = 26 students

Second ways, change into degree. (the symbol degree is 3600)

- Basketball 44 students = x 3600 = x 3600 = 0,22 x 360 = 79,20

- Soccer 58 students = x 3600 = x 3600 = 0,29 x 360 = 104,40

- Tennis 36 students = x 3600 = x 3600 = 0,18 x 360 = 64,80

- Volley ball 36 students = x 3600 = x 3600 = 0,18 x 360 = 64,80

- Badminton 26 students = x 3600 = x 3600 = 0,13 x 360 = 46,80

c. Find the total student first :

Volley ball 18 % from 200 students = x 200 = 36 students

Badminton 13 % from 200 students = x 200 = 26 students

The total are 36 + 26 = 62 students

2. Example part 2
Look the diagram!
a. Change the bar graph into circle graph
b. Read and Write the data in the table!
c. Find the average of data!

Answer:
a. Draw in circle graph like the
picture!
To find % , the ways like in example part 1 in percent (%)

b. Make the data in the table!

Movie People
Comedy 4
Action 5
Romance
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Drama 1
Scifi 4
Frequency 20
 c. To find the average of data, first way is added all data (frequency) then

divide with total data. = =4

So, the average is 4

NB : total data are comedy, action, romance, drama, and scifi = 5 type of movie

Look at this Picture !

Picture A Picture B
1. Answer this question correctly!
a. The total of people who like watching movie is …

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 b. The different people who like watching Scifi and Action is …
c. The different people who like Action and Scifi is …
d. If the total student is 300, find total student who like playing badminton,
tennis and soccer!
e. Different student who like playing soccer and basketball if the total student
300 is …

2. Make a Pie Chart based on picture A!

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. Make a Bar Chart based on picture B!

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

4. Find the Mean based on picture A!

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
5. If the total of the student is 500. Find Mean based on picture B!
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
In the context of integer numbers, positive, negative, and zero numbers
have roles in various calculations and life applications. This verse reminds us
to always seek refuge in Allah in facing various situations in life, both positive
and negative. Improve your relationship with Allah by not abandoning your
relationship with humans. Love humans as you love yourself. Just as integers
can contain positive and negative numbers, we need to face life's challenges
with the belief that God is in control of everything, both in calculations and in
real life.

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 The concept of unity: In Surah An-Nas, Allah SWT is described as the
only God who preserves and controls humans. This concept of unity also exists
in mathematics as a basic number.
The concept of protection: Verse 1 of Surah An-Nas talks about asking
for protection from Allah SWT. In mathematics, the concept of protection can
be likened to the concept of "limit" which is used to protect or limit a value or
function.
Answer the following questions correctly!
Question I
1. M = 235 + 120 x 16 – 157
N = 342 + 120 x 15 – 132
Compare the value M and N!
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

2. Mrs. Indah has a supply of cooking oil as much 3,25 liters. Used for frying as

much liters. Then she bought another as much 2,5 liters. Cooking oil now

as much Mrs. Indah is …… liters.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. Fauzan turned on the water faucet to fill the bathtub. After 0.15 hours of water
flowing into the bath as much as 600 liters. Debit of water discharge is …….
liters/minutes.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. A florist has a flower collection consisting of 40 red flowers, 60 yellow flowers,

and 80 purple flowers. The flowers are arranged into vases in equal amounts.
The number of red flowers in each vase is … stalks.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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 5. Look at this picture ! Make this data to the table !
Movie People

Frequency

6. A drum filled with oil has a diameter of 70 cm and a height of 1 meter. On the
first day, 144.5 litters of oil were sold. On the second day, 125,000 cc of oil
were sold. The remaining oil in the drum is still as high as … (π = 22/7)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

7. Qonita's age is 2 decades minus 1 year, while Anindita's age is 2 lustrums plus
4 years. The difference in their ages is …
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. Compare the volume of cuboid and cylinder!
28 cm

20 cm

35 cm
15 cm
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
26 cm
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

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 9. Farhan's money, Alfan's money, and Surya's money are in the ratio 4:7:3. If the
difference between Farhan’s and Alfan’s money is 22,000 rupiah, then the total
amount of money Farhan and Surya have is ….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

10. A swimming pool is in the shape of a cuboid with a length of 20 meters, a

width of 8 meters, and a depth of 3 meters. If the swimming pool is filled to ¾
of its capacity, then the amount of water needed is … liters.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

In every problem solving must be done with full precision and full
responsibility. These characteristics indicate the existence of a connection or
unity between the numbers, even though the numbers are different. In the
context of Verse 1, this can be interpreted that even though living creatures or
creations of Allah differ in form and nature, all remain in the order created by
Him. We ask for Allah's protection to be given wisdom in every decision, such
as in mathematical calculations to find solutions that harmonize the
relationship between the numbers.

Question 2
Pay attention to the following tube!
1. Grandfather’s age is 12 windu plus 2 years. The grandson’s age is 4 lustrum
minus 3 years. What is the difference in age between the grandfather and the
grandson?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

2. The ratio of the length to the width of a rectangle is 5 : 3. If the perimeter of

the rectangle is 80 cm, then the area of the rectangle is …… cm².

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 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. A car is traveling at a speed of 80 km/hour. The distance traveled by the car is
200 km. On the way, the driver rested twice for 25 minutes each. If the vehicle
departs at 06:25, it arrives at the destination at …
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………

4. Ardi runs around a field shaped like a circle with a diameter of 56 meters. If
he runs 3 times around, the total distance he runs is … meters or …
centimeters……
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………

5. A swimming pool is in the shape of a cuboid with a length of 20 meters, a

width of 8 meters, and a depth of 3 meters. If the swimming pool is only filled
to 3/5 of its capacity, then the amount of water needed is … literArdi runs
around the field which is in the form of a circle with a diameter of 56 meters.
If he runs 3 times, then the length of the path traversed are …m or … cm.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. Najwa studies math every 3 days, Rara every 4 days, and Almira every 6 days.
If on Thursday, 5 February 2024 they study together, then they will study
math together again on … (day).
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. Mother has a supply of cooking oil totaling 3.25 liters. She used some for
frying, totaling … liters. Then she bought an additional 2.5 liters. Now, Mother
has … liters of cooking oil.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. Fida’s age, Fita’s age, and Fani’s age are in the ratio 5 : 7 : 4. If the difference
between Fida’s and Fita’s ages is 8 years, then the sum of their ages is ……
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. Mr. Hakim harvested corn for 10 months with the following yields in tons: 10,
9, 7, 9, 8, 7, 8, 7, 8, 10. The average (mean) monthly yield of Mr. Hakim is ……
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. Father drives a car at a speed of 75 km/hour to cover a distance of 150 km.
On the way, he stopped to refuel for 15 minutes and also stopped at a rest
area for 30 minutes. If Father departs at 05:15, then he arrives at the
destination at ……
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
"If you don’t know something, you won’t love it. If you don’t love it, you won’t
enjoy learning it. So, if you want to be good at math, you have to start by liking it."

Question 3
Pay attention to the following tube!
1. A swimming pool is in the shape of a cuboid with a length of 20 meters, a
width of 9 meters, and a depth of 3 meters. If the swimming pool is filled with
water, then the amount of water needed is … liters.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. Fida’s age, Anita’s age, and Fani’s age are in the ratio 6 : 5 : 4. If Anita is 15
years old, then Fani is … years old.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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 3. Compare the volume of pyramid and cylinder!
42 cm

30 cm
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

4. A swimming pool is in the shape of a cuboid with a length of 20 meters, a

width of 6 meters, and a depth of 3 meters. If the swimming pool is filled to
4/5 of its capacity, then the amount of water needed is … liters.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

5. Farida bought 2.75 tons of rice, 3.5 quintals of sugar, and 50 kg of wheat flour.
The total weight of Mrs. Farida’s groceries is … kilograms.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

6. Compare the surface areas of the following cuboids and cubes!

8 cm 16 cm

6 cm

12 cm

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

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 7. The circumference of a yard is 120 meters. If the ratio of the length to the
width of the yard is 7:5, then the area of the yard is … square meters.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

8. A cuboid bathtub has a length equal to 1.5 times its width. The width of the
bathtub is 1 meter, and the height is 60 cm. If the bathtub is already filled with
200 liters of water, then the amount of water that must be added to fill it
completely is … liters.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

9. The following is a table of 6th graders’ favorite foods.

Food Student
Meatball 18 students
Soto 12 students
Chicken noodle 15 students
Create a pie chart based
Fried rice 5 students
on the data!

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
10. Prove that the volume of a triangular prism is less than the volume of a
Cylinder! 10 cm

14 cm

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

In Surah An-Nas verse 1, it is stated:

"I seek refuge from the Lord of mankind". God Almighty who created all creatures in
various forms and has power over his creations.
This verse talks about the power of Allah SWT in creating and perfecting the universe.
The relationship between the mathematics of plane and spatial figures with Surah An-
Nas verse 1 can be seen from several aspects:
a. Plane Figures
1. Creation of shapes:
In the mathematics of plane figures, we learn about various shapes such as
triangles, squares, circles, and others. Verse 1 of Surah An-Nas reminds us that
Allah SWT is the one who created and perfected all forms and structures in the
universe.
2. Order and balance:
Flat shapes have the properties of order and balance, such as symmetry and
proportion. Verse 1 of Surah An-Nas reminds us that Allah SWT is the one who
creates and perfects order and balance in the universe.
b. Solid Figure
1. Creation of structures:
In the mathematics of space structures, we learn about various structures such
as cubes, spheres, and others. Allah SWT is the one who created and perfected
all structures and shapes in the universe.
2. Interconnectedness and unity:
Space structures have the properties of interconnectedness and unity, such as
how the various parts of a structure are related and united.
Allah SWT is the one who created and perfected the interconnectedness and unity
in the universe. Thus, in learning mathematics, there can be continuity between
one material and another, the material on plane and spatial shapes are interrelated
in terms of form, regularity, balance, interconnectedness, and unity.
Pythagoras (570-495 BC) was an ancient Greek mathematician, philosopher, and
scientist who made major contributions to mathematics, especially in geometry
and number theory.

Contribution of Pythagoras in Mathematics:

1. Pythagorean Theory:
Pythagoras is known for the theory that states that in a right triangle, the square of
the length of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the lengths of the
other sides. This theory can be formulated as: a² + b² = c².
2. Geometry:

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 Pythagoras also contributed to the development of geometry, especially in the
theory of triangles, circles, and other plane figures.
3. Numbers:
Pythagoras also contributed to number theory, especially in the concept of rational
and irrational numbers.

Influence of Pythagoras in Mathematics:

1. Development of Mathematics:
Pythagoras' contribution to mathematics helped the development of mathematics s
a whole, especially in the fields of geometry and numbers.
2. Influence on Other Mathematicians:
Pythagoras had a great influence on other mathematicians, such as Euclid and
Archimedes, who also contributed to the development of mathematics.
3. Use in Various Fields:
Pythagoras' theory is used in various fields, such as physics, engineering, and
architecture.
Overall, Pythagoras was a mathematician who made great contributions to the
development of mathematics, especially in geometry and number theory.
If others can do it, we should be able to do it

MATHEMATICS
UNIT 2

Say (Prophet Muhammad), “I seek refuge in the God of mankind,

In accordance with the nature of Allah, Al Qayyum [Asmaul Husna 63] which
means standing alone.
Protect yourself and your family from the torment of hellfire! In life, humans are not
only individual creatures but also social creatures. This means that they are
interdependent on each other.

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Thus in mathematical calculations, it is certainly inseparable from 4 components,
namely Numbering, Measurement, Geometry [Plane figure and Solid figure} and data
handling. All materials in mathematics will be easy to master if done happily and full
of love, Mathematics should not be feared but must be liked. Innamal a'malu binniyat
means everything that is done is in accordance with the intention. Intend to learn
mathematics as provisions in sailing the ship. Here are the materials in learning
mathematics.
Indonesia is made up of thousands of islands that are separated by varying distances.
To represent these islands, we can use a scale.
A scale is a ratio between the size in the drawing and the actual size.
A scale of 1:500 means that 1 cm on the drawing equals 500 cm in real distance.

Dari Sabang sampai Merauke

By R. Soerardi (R. Suharjo Soerardi)
Dari Sabang sampai Merauke berjajar pulau – pulau
Sambung menyambung menjadi satu itulah Indonesia
Indonesia tanah airku aku berjanji padamu
Menjunjung tanah air ku Tanah Airku Indonesia

1. The distance between City A and City B on the map is 6 cm with a map scale of
1 : 2,000,000. Meanwhile, the distance between City P and City Q on the map is
5 cm with a map scale of 1 : 3,000,000. Compare the actual distance between
City A and City B with the actual distance between City P and City Q!
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. Nadia drives from City A to City B at a speed of 75 km/h. The distance she
travels is 175 km. If she leaves at 05:45, what time does she arrive at her
destination?

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 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

1. NUMBERING
Example:
472 + 45 x 12 – 325 = 472 + 540 – 325
= 1012 – 325
= 687
In the number calculation operation, the order of pi po lon do, ping poro lan
sudo applies, meaning that the order of the number calculation operation
applies according to the order, namely multiplication [ping] division [poro]
addition [lan] subtraction [sudo].

Question:
4. 435 + 24 x 120 – 340 = ……..
5. 415 – 225 + 25 x 120 = …….
6. 350 : 35 + 235 – 250 = ……..

LCM and HCF/GCF/GCD

- Multiples
Multiples are the result of multiplying numbers sequentially.
- Example of a story LCM
Fila saves every 4 days and Farah every 6 days. They save together
February 20, 2024. On what date did you save for the second and third?

Answer :
LCM = 2 x 2 x 3 = 12

Answer:
They were saved together = February 20, 2024.
Save for the second time February 20, 2024 + 12 days = 32
32 – 29 [February 2024] = 3 March
The lesson we can learn from number arithmetic operations, both
integers and fractions, is that every number, if arithmetic operations are
performed, will produce a new number. That means that we as humans do
not need to count our acts of worship. Everything we do is intended to seek
Allah's pleasure. All activities we do will definitely get a commensurate
reward.
Question:

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 1. A florist has a collection of 24 red flowers, 36 yellow flowers, and 48
purple flowers. The flowers are placed in vases in equal amounts. How
many flower vases are needed?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. Rafa studies math every 3 days, Aufa studies math every 5 days and.
Faiz studies math every 6 days. If on Tuesday, 10 February 2024, when
they study together?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

2. MEASUREMENT
a. Time
About hour, minute and second
1 Hour = 60 minutes 1 Minute = 1/60 hour
1 Minute = 60 Second 1 Second = 1/60 minute
1 Hour = 3600 Second 1 Second = 1/3600 hour

1 century = 100 years

1 Octanium = 1 leap = 8 years
1 decade = 1 dasawarsa = 10 years
1 lustrum = 5 years

Question:
1. Andika boarded a bus from Jakarta to Bandung at 07.30 long journey that
taken by the bus is 2 hours 35 minutes. So, what time did Andi arrive in
Bandung?
Answer:
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. In 2005, the age of Amir was 1/4 of the age of his mother. If Amir's mother was
born in 1969 then what year Amir was born?

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 Answer:
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b. Weight

Question:
Fauziyah bought 2.25 tons of rice, 3.5 quintals of sugar and 50 kg of wheat flour.
How much does [Link]’s shopping weight?
Answer:
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………..
Every human deed will be accounted for in the afterlife. People will receive rewards
or punishments according to the weight of their deeds. If the good deeds outweigh
the bad, then a reward will be given; but if the bad deeds are heavier, then
punishment will follow. Let us compete in doing good.

3. GEOMETRY 2D
Rectangle
Area = length x width
Perimeter = 2 x [ length + width]

Square
Area = sisi x sisi
Perimeter = 4 x sisi

Triangle

Area = ½ x base x height

height
Perimeter = side + side + side

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 base

Circle

Area = xrxr
diameter
Perimeter = x 2 x r atau xd
radius

Trapezoid
Area = ½ x [ a + b ] x height
a
Perimeter = a + s + b + s
a and b are parallel side
s height s

Question:
1. A circular garden with a radius of 280 cm. Flowers will be planted at the edge
of the garden with a distance of 20 cm. How many flowers are needed at the
edge of the garden?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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 2. A house yard is in the shape of a trapezoid with parallel sides measuring 4.5
meters and 5 meters. The width is 4 meters. How many square meters is the
area of the yard?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. GEOMETRY 3D
a. CYLINDER
FORMULA
Volume = xrxrxh

= or 3.14

Surface area = 2 x xrx[r+h]

Example:
A cylinder has a radius of 6 cm, a height of 7 cm, and pi = 22/7. Calculate the
volume of the tube.
Discussion:
The formula for the volume of a cylinder is V = πr² x t

V= x 6² x 7

= x 252

= 792 cm³
So, the volume of the cylinder is 792 cm³ or 0.792 liter
b. PYRAMID
Formula for Volume of a Triangular Pyramid.

Volume = x[ xaxb]xh

Formula for Volume of a Rectangular Pyramid (Square)

Volume = xsxsxh

Formula for Volume of a Rectangular Pyramid (rectangle)

Volume = xlxwxh

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 Surah Al-Hujurat verse 13

‫َٰٓيَأُّيَها لَّناُس ِإَّنا َخ َلْقَٰنُكم ِّمن َذَكٍر َوُأنَثٰى َوَجَعْلَٰنُكْم ُش ُعوًبا‬

‫َوَقَبٓاِئَل ِل َت َعا َر ُف ٓو۟ا ۚ ِإَّن َأ ْك َر َم ُك ْم ِع نَد ٱل َّل ِه َأ ْت َق ٰى ُك ْم ۚ ِإَّن ٱل َّل َه‬
‫َعِليٌم َخ ِبيٌر‬
"O mankind! Indeed, We created you from a male and a female and made you into
nations and tribes so that you may know one another. Verily, the most noble of you in
the sight of Allah is the most righteous of you. Indeed, Allah is All-Knowing, All-
Aware."
Question:
1. Davia runs around the field which is in the form of a circle with a radius of 10
meters. If he runs 4 times, then the length of the path traversed is …
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. A cylindrical tank has a diameter of 2 meters and a height of 3.5 meters. If the
reservoir is filled to the brim with water, then the amount of water needed are
…..m3 or …… liters
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

3. A pyramid has a rectangular base with a size of 45 cm x 21 cm and a height of

20 cm. Calculate the volume of the pyramid!
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

c. Cuboid
Formula

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 Volume = length x weight x height
Surface area = 2 x {[l x w] + [l x h] + [w x h]} or
Surface area = 2 x l x w
2xlxh
3 xwxh +

d. Cube
Formula
Volume = s x s x s
Surface area = 6 x [s x s]

e. Ratio
Question:
1. Comparison of chicken and duck in the cage is 3: 4. The number of ducks and
chickens in the cage is 35 tails. How many chickens in the cage? What is the
number of ducks? What is the difference between chicken and duck in the
cage?
Answer:
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

2. Comparison of cows and buffalo farmers is 2: 5. The difference between the

number of cows and buffalo farmers is 12 tails.
a. What is the number of cows on the pack farm?
b. What is the number of buffalo farmers?
c. How many cows and buffalo farmers?
Answer:
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
f. Distance, Time and Speed/Velocity
1. Space/Distance = Velocity x Time
2. Velocity = Space : Time.
3. Time = Space : Velocity

g. Debit, Volume and Time

1. Debit = Volume / Time

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 2. Volume = Debit x Time
3. Time = Volume / Debit

Question:
Father drives a car with a speed of 75 km/hours to cover a distance 150 km.
On the way father stopped to refuel for 20 minutes and stopped at the rest
area for 30 minutes. If father leaves at 05.45, then arrives at the destination
at……
Answer:
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

5. HANDLING DATA
a. MEAN, MODE, MEDIAN
1. Example of odd data median
Grade 6 students' Math scores are as follows: 70, 60, 80, 80, 70, 80, 75, 75, 90,
80, 100, 70, 80, 85, 70.
Solution:
Data after sort: 60, 70, 70, 70, 70, 75, 75, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 85, 90, 100
Number of data = 15
Me = (N+1)/2
Me = (15+1)2
Me = 16/2
Me = 8
Data to-8 is 80
So the median is the eighth data that is 80.

2. How to find the median of even data

How to find the median of even data is different from odd data. As for
finding the median for even data, you can see the formula below.
Me = ((N/2+((N/2)+1)):2
Description N = a lot of data

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 So, based on the formula above, to find the middle data or central data, if
there are even numbers of data, then divide the amount of data by two
plus the amount of data divided by two plus one, then divide by two.
For example, the number of data is 20. Then the median method is 20/2 =
10. So the median is the 10th data plus the 11th data then divided by 2.
For convenience, you can see the example below.
Example of even data median
Grade 6 students' Mathematics scores are as follows: 70, 60, 80, 80, 70, 80,
75, 75, 90, 80, 100, 70, 80, 85, 70, 80.
Solution:
Data after sort: 60, 70, 70, 70, 70, 75, 75, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 85, 90, 100
Amount of data (N) = 16
Me = ((N/2) + ((N/2) +1)) :2
Me = (16/2 + (16/2) +1) :2
Me = (data ke 8 + data 9) :2

Data ke 8 = 80
Data ke 9 = 80
So the median of the data is (80+80)2 = 160/2
Median = 80

3. Definition and How to Calculate the Mean/Average

Grade 6 students' Math scores are as follows:
70, 60, 80, 80, 70, 80, 75, 75, 90, 80, 100, 70, 80, 85, 70, 80.
What is the average grade 6 Math score?
The first step is to add up all the data
Sum of all data= 1245
Number of data = 16
Average = Number of data/lots of data
Average = 1245/16
Average = 77.8125
If you take 2 digits after the comma then the result is Average = 77,81

Question.
The following is a table of 6 th grader’s favorite food!

Food Student
Meatball 20 students
Soto 14 students
Chicken noodle 16 students
1. Median =
Fried rice 10 students
…………………..

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 2. Modus = …………………..
3. Mean = …………………..
6. GRAPH and CALCULATING PIE CHART IN PERCENT
a. Graphs
The graph is a picture of the ups and downs of a state or existing data with
lines or drawings. Graphs are divided into three kinds, namely bar graph, line
graph, and circle graph.
b. Bar graph is a painting up and down data in the form of bars or beams and
used to suppress the existence of different levels or values of aspects
Example :

c. Line graph is a picture up and down painting of lines that are connected from
data points in sequence. This graph is used to describe developments or
changes over time.
Example :

d. The Circle graph is a picture of the ups and downs of the data in the form of a
circle to describe the percentage of total or total value.
Example:

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 e. Relationship of graphs and tables with data processing
1. Example Question part 1
Look at the diagram!
a. If the total number of students is 200. Find students
whose favorite sports are Basketball, soccer, and tennis!
b. If we make a degree component, draw again the diagram
with the degree component!
c. Find the total number of students whose favorite sports
are volley ball and Badminton!
Answer:

d. Basket ball 22 % from 200 students = x 200 = 44 students

Soccer 29 % from 200 students = x 200 = 58 students

Tennis 18 % from 200 students = x 200 = 36 students

The total are 44 + 58 + 36 = 138 students

e. Draw the diagram!

First ways, find the total students.

- Basket ball 22 % from 200 students = x 200 = 44

students

- Soccer 29 % from 200 students = x 200 = 58

students

- Tennis 18 % from 200 students = x 200 = 36

students

- Volley ball 18 % from 200 students = x 200 = 36 students

- Badminton 13 % from 200 students = x 200 = 26 students

Second ways, change into degree. (the symbol degree is 3600)

- Basketball 44 students = x 3600 = x 3600 = 0,22 x 360 = 79,20

- Soccer 58 students = x 3600 = x 3600 = 0,29 x 360 = 104,40

- Tennis 36 students = x 3600 = x 3600 = 0,18 x 360 = 64,80

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 - Volley ball 36 students = x 3600 = x 3600 = 0,18 x 360 = 64,80

- Badminton 26 students = x 3600 = x 3600 = 0,13 x 360 = 46,80

f. Find the total student first :

Volley ball 18 % from 200 students = x 200 = 36 students

Badminton 13 % from 200 students = x 200 = 26 students

The total are 36 + 26 = 62 students

2. Example part 2
Look at the diagram!
a. Change the bar graph into a circle
graph
b. Read and write the data in the
table!
c. Find the average of data!

Answer:
d. Draw in a circle the graph like the picture!
To find % , the ways are like in example part 1 in percent (%)

e. Make the data in the table!

Movie People
Comedy 4
Action 5
Romance 6
Drama 1
Scifi 4
Frequency 20

f. To find the average of data, first way is to add all data (frequency), then

divide by the total data. = =4

So, the average is 4

NB : total data are comedy, action, romance, drama, and sci-fi = 5 types
of movie

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Look at this Picture !

Picture A Picture B
Answer this question correctly!
1. The total people who like to watch movies…
2. The different people who like comedy and action is …
3. The different people who like comedy and scifi is …
4. If the total number of students is 200, find the total student who like badminton,
tennis, and soccer!
5. Different students who like soccer and basketball, if the total student is 200…
6. Make a Pie Chart based on picture A!
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

7. Make a Bar Chart based on picture B!

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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8. Find the Mean based on picture A!
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

9. If the total student 500, Find Mean based on picture B!

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

In the context of integer numbers, positive, negative, and zero numbers have
roles in various calculations and life applications. This verse reminds us to always
seek refuge in Allah in facing various situations in life, both positive and negative.
Improve your relationship with Allah by not abandoning your relationship with
humans. Love humans as you love yourself. Just as integers can contain positive and
negative numbers, we need to face life's challenges with the belief that God is in
control of everything, both in calculations and in real life.
The concept of unity: In Surah An-Nas, Allah SWT is described as the only God
who preserves and controls humans. This concept of unity also exists in mathematics
as a basic number.
The concept of protection: Verse 1 of Surah An-Nas talks about asking for
protection from Allah SWT. In mathematics, the concept of protection can be likened
to the concept of "limit" which is used to protect or limit a value or function.: Ayat 1
Surat An-Nas
Answer the following questions correctly!
Question I
1. M = 135 + 125 x 16 – 57
N = 142 + 120 x 14 – 32
Compare the values of M and N!
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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 2. Mrs. Indah has a supply of cooking oil as much 2,75 liters. Used for frying as

much liters. Then she bought another as much 1,25 liters. Cooking oil now

as much Mrs. Indah is …… liters.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. Faizin turned on the water faucet to fill the bathtub. After 0.5 hours of water
flowing into the bath as much as 600 liters. Debit of water discharge is …….
liters/minutes.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. A florist has a flower collection of red flowers 45, yellow flowers 60, and
purple flowers 75. The flowers were placed in a vase in the same amount. Red
flowers in each flower vase as many as … stalks.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Look at this picture ! make this data to the table!

Movie People

Frequency

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 6. drum filled with oil has a diameter of 70 cm and a height of 110 cm. On the
first day, 144.5 litters of oil were sold. On the second day, 125,000 cc of oil were
sold. The remaining oil in the drum is still as high as … (π = 22/7)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. The age of Anita is 5 decades less 1 years. While the age of Anindita is 5
lustrums more 4 years. Their age difference is …
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. Compare the volume of cuboid and cylinder!
40 cm

16 cm

30 cm
15 cm

26 cm
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

9. Fauziyah money compared to Alisa money compared to Saidah money is 5 : 7 :

3. If the difference between Fauziyah and Alisa’s money is 10,000 rupiah, then
the total amount of money between Fauziyah and Saidah is …..

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 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

10. A swimming pool is in the form of cuboid with a length of 15 meters, a width of
6 meters and a depth of 3 meters. If the swimming pool is filled with water,
then the water needed is … liters.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
In every problem solving must be done with full precision and full
responsibility. These characteristics indicate the existence of a connection or
unity between the numbers, even though the numbers are different. In the
context of Verse 1, this can be interpreted that even though living creatures or
creations of Allah differ in form and nature, all remain in the order created by
Him. We ask for Allah's protection to be given wisdom in every decision, such
as in mathematical calculations to find solutions that harmonize the
relationship between the numbers.

Question 2
Pay attention to the following tube!
1. Grandfather’s age is 10 windu more than 2 years. The age of the grandson is 3
lustra/ lustrum less than 2 years. How many years is the difference between the
ages of the grandfather and the grandson?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. The ratio of the length to the width of a rectangle is 5 : 4. If the perimeter of the
rectangle is 90 cm, then the area of the rectangle is ……cm2

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 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. A car is traveling at a speed of 70 km/hour. The distance traveled by the
vehicle is 175 km. On his way he rested 2 times 15 minutes each. If the vehicle
departs at 06.15, then arrive at the destination at ……
……………………………………………………………………………………………….............................
………………………………………………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………………………………………….....................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
...........

4. Ardi runs around the field which is in the form of a circle with a diameter of 42
meters. If he runs 4 times, then the length of the path traversed are …m or … cm.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….

5. A swimming pool is in the form of a cuboid with a length of 20 meters, a width of

8 meters, and a depth of 3 meters. If the swimming pool is only filled ¾ part, then
as much water is needed …. liters.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

6. Najwa studies math every 3 days, Rara studies math every 4 days and. Almira
studies math every 6 days. If on Thursday, 25 February 2022, they study
together, then they will study math together on the day …….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

7. Mother has a supply of cooking oil as much 2,25liter. Used for frying as much

liter. Then mother bought another as much 1 liter. Cooking oil now as much
mother is … liter.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

8. Andis' age is 2/3 of Bagus' age. Bagus' age is 3/5 of Cakra's age. If the difference in
age between Bagus and Cakra is 6 years, what is the sum of Andis' and Cakra's
ages?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

9. The average age of 5 children is 7.6. If 1 child is added, the average becomes 7.8.
What is the value of the child?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. Father drives a car with a speed of 70 km/hours to cover a distance 140 km. On
the way father stopped to refuel for 15 minutes and stopped at the rest area for 30
minutes. If father leaves at 05.45, then arrives at the destination at……
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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 If you don't know someone, you won't love them, if you don't love them, you
won't love them. So if you want to be good at math, you have to like them.
Question 3
Pay attention to the following tube!
11. A swimming pool is in the form of cuboid with a length of 20 meters, a width of
8 meters and a depth of 3 meters. If the swimming pool is filled with water,
then the water needed is …. liter.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

12. Fida’s age compared to Anita’s age compared to Fani’s age is 6 : 5 : 3. If Anita’s
ages is 15 years, then Fani’s ages is ….. years.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

13. Compare the volume of pyramid and the volume of cylinder!

10 cm

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
14 cm
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

14. A swimming pool is in the form of cuboid with a length of 20 meters, a width of
7 meters and a depth of 3 meters. If the swimming pool is only filled 2/5 part,
then as much water is needed …. liter.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

15. Farida bought 2.5 tons of rice, 5.25 quintals of sugar and 50 kg of wheat flour.
The weight of [Link]’s groceries is … kg.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

16. The average score of 7 children is 8.2. If 2 children are added, the average
becomes 8.1. What is the score of one of the children if the other child is 7.9?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

17. Aisyah's age is 4/5 of Naura's age. Naura's age is 3/4 of Rosta's age. If the sum
of Aisyah's and Rosta's ages is 16 years, how old is Rosta and Naura?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

18. The length of the village road is 6 km, on the right and left sides of the road
there will be lights installed with a distance of 15 meters. How many lights are
needed to light the road?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

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 19. Athifah studies math every 4 days, Naura studies math every 5 days and. Alisa
studies math every 6 days. If on Tuesday, 20 February 2025 they study
together, then they will study math together on ……
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

20. The length of village road is 3 km. If light is to be installed on the right and left
sides of the road with distanced of 50 meters, then as many lights are
needed…… pieces.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

In Surah An-Nas verse 1, it is stated:

"I seek refuge from the Lord of mankind". God Almighty who created all creatures
in various forms and has power over his creations.
This verse talks about the power of Allah SWT in creating and perfecting the
universe.
The relationship between the mathematics of plane and spatial figures with Surah
An-Nas verse 1 can be seen from several aspects:
Plane Figures
1. Creation of shapes:
In the mathematics of plane figures, we learn about various shapes such as
triangles, squares, circles, and others. Verse 1 of Surah An-Nas reminds us that
Allah SWT is the one who created and perfected all forms and structures in the
universe.
2. Order and balance:
Flat shapes have the properties of order and balance, such as symmetry and
proportion. Verse 1 of Surah An-Nas reminds us that Allah SWT is the one who
creates and perfects order and balance in the universe.

Solid Figure
1. Creation of structures:

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 In the mathematics of space structures, we learn about various structures such
as cubes, spheres, and others. Allah SWT is the one who created and perfected
all structures and shapes in the universe.

2. Interconnectedness and unity:

Space structures have the properties of interconnectedness and unity, such as
how the various parts of a structure are related and united.
Allah SWT is the one who created and perfected the interconnectedness and
unity in the universe.
Thus, in learning mathematics, there can be continuity between one material
and another, the material on plane and spatial shapes are interrelated in terms
of form, regularity, balance, interconnectedness, and unity.
Pythagoras (570-495 BC) was an ancient Greek mathematician, philosopher, and
scientist who made major contributions to mathematics, especially in geometry
and number theory.
Contribution of Pythagoras in Mathematics:
1. Pythagorean Theory:
Pythagoras is known for the theory that states that in a right triangle, the square
of the length of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the lengths
of the other sides. This theory can be formulated as: a² + b² = c².
2. Geometry:
Pythagoras also contributed to the development of geometry, especially in the
theory of triangles, circles, and other plane figures.
3. Numbers:
Pythagoras also contributed to number theory, especially in the concept of
rational and irrational numbers.
Influence of Pythagoras in Mathematics:
1. Development of Mathematics:
Pythagoras' contribution to mathematics helped the development of
mathematics as a whole, especially in the fields of geometry and numbers.
2. Influence on Other Mathematicians:
Pythagoras had a great influence on other mathematicians, such as Euclid and
Archimedes, who also contributed to the development of mathematics.
3. Use in Various Fields:
Pythagoras' theory is used in various fields, such as physics, engineering, and
architecture.
Overall, Pythagoras was a mathematician who made great contributions to the
development of mathematics, especially in geometry and number theory.
If Others Can Do It, We Should Be Able To Do It

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 MATHEMATICS
UNIT 3

‫ا‬‫َّن‬‫ال‬ ‫ُذ‬ ‫ُعو‬‫ُق ْل َأ‬

‫ِس‬ ‫ِّب‬ ‫ِبَر‬
"Say: I seek refuge in the Lord of mankind."
In accordance with the nature of Allah, Al Qayyum [Asmaul Husna 63] which
means standing alone.
Protect yourself and your family from the torment of hellfire! In life, humans are not
only individual creatures but also social creatures. This means that they are
interdependent on each other.
Thus in mathematical calculations, it is certainly inseparable from 4 components,
namely Numbering, Measurement, Geometry [Plane figure and Solid figure} and data
handling. All materials in mathematics will be easy to master if done happily and full
of love, Mathematics should not be feared but must be liked. Innamal a'malu binniyat
means everything that is done is in accordance with the intention. Intend to learn
mathematics as provisions in sailing the ship. Here are the materials in learning
mathematics.
The song "Nyiur Hijau" describes the beauty of Indonesia's nature, such as the rows of
green coconut trees along the beach. This beauty can be connected to Mathematics.
For example, in numbering, we can count the number of coconut trees along the
coastline. In measurement, we can measure the height of the trees, the distance
between them, or the length of the beach where the trees grow. Using handling data,
the number and height of the trees can be recorded in tables and then analyzed.
Geometry can be used to understand the shapes of the coconut leaves, the cylindrical
trunks, and the arrangement of the trees in a straight line or certain pattern. Finally,
all of this data can be presented in the form of bar charts, line graphs, or pie charts, so
students can visually see the relationships between the data. Through this approach,
students can realize that Mathematics can also be used to understand and appreciate
the beauty of nature in Indonesia, just like what is described in the song "Nyiur
Hijau."

Nyiur hijau
By R. Maladi:

Nyiur hijau di tepi pantai

Siar siur daunnya melambai
Padi mengembang kuning merayu
Burung – burung bernyanyi gembira

Tanah airku tumpah darahku

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 Tanah yang subur kaya Makmur
Tanah airku tumpah darahku
Tanah yang indah permai nyata

Nyiur hijau di tepi pantai (nyiur hijau)

Siar-siur daunnya melambai
Padi mengembang kuning merayu (kuning merayu)
Burung-burung bernyanyi gembira

Tanah airku tumpah darahku

Tanah yang subur kaya makmur
Tanah airku tumpah darahku
Tanah yang indah permai nyata

This song describes the natural beauty of Indonesia and a sense of love for the
homeland. "Nyiur Hijau" is one of Indonesia’s national songs, composed by R. Maladi, a
prominent politician and musician from Surakarta.

Question :
1. The length of the beach is 1.2 km. Coconut trees will be planted along the beach at
intervals of 6 meters. How many coconut trees are needed? If one coconut tree
costs Rp20,000.00, how much money is needed?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. A bird is perched on top of a tree at a height of 30 meters, while a fish is

swimming in the sea at a depth of 15 meters. What is the distance between the
fish and the bird?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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1. NUMBERING
Example:
652 + 35 x 12 – 125 = 652 + 420 – 125
= 1072 – 125
= 947
In the number calculation operation, the order of pi po lon do, ping poro lan
sudo applies, meaning that the order of the number calculation operation
applies according to the order, namely multiplication [ping] division [poro]
addition [lan] subtraction [sudo].
Question :
1. 535 + 24 x 125 – 210 = ……..
2. 615 – 125 + 20 x 15 = …….
3. 600 : 150 + 435 – 250 = ……..

LCM and HCF/GCF/GCD

- Multiples
Multiples are the result of multiplying numbers sequentially.
- Example of a story LCM
Fila saves every 4 days and Farah every 6 days. They save together
February 20, 2024. On what date did you save for the second and third?
Answer :
LCM = 2 x 2 x 3 = 12
Answer:
They were saved together = February 20, 2024.
Save for the second time February 20, 2024 + 12 days = 32
32 – 29 [February 2024] = 3 March
The lesson we can learn from number arithmetic operations, both integers and
fractions, is that every number, if arithmetic operations are performed, will
produce a new number. That means that we as humans do not need to count our
acts of worship. Everything we do is intended to seek Allah's pleasure. All
activities we do will get a commensurate reward.
Question:
1. A florist has a flower collection of 16 red flowers, 24 yellow flowers, and 32
purple flowers. The flowers were arranged in a vase in the same amount. How
many flower vases are needed?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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 2. Almirah studies math every 3 days, Naura studies math every 4 days and. Faizah
studies math every 6 days. If on Tuesday, 25 February 2025, when they study
together?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………..………………………………..……………………

2. MEASUREMENT
a. Time
About hour, minute and second
1 Hour = 60 minutes 1 Minute = 1/60 hour
1 Minute = 60 Second 1 Second = 1/60 minute
1 Hour = 3600 Second 1 Second = 1/3600 hour

1 century = 100 years

1 Octanium = 1 leap = 8 years
1 dekade = 1 dasawarsa = 10 years
1 lustrum = 5 years
Question:
1. Andika boarded a bus from Jakarta to Bandung at 07.50 long journey that
taken by the bus is 2 hours 25 minutes. So, what time did Andi arrive in
Bandung?
Answer:
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

2. In 2024, the age of Amir was 1/4 of the age of his mother. If Amir's mother
was born in 1969 then what year Amir was born?
Answer:
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

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 b. Weight

Question:
Farida bought 2.25 tons of rice, 3.25 quintals of sugar and 40 kg of wheat flour.
The weight of [Link]’s groceries is … kg.
Answer:
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………

Every human deed will be accounted for in the afterlife. Humans will receive
rewards commensurate with the severity or lightness of the deeds they
perform. If the good deeds are heavy then the reward will be received and if
the bad deeds are heavy then the sin will be accepted. Let us compete in
goodness.

Surah Luqman verse 27:

‫ِض ِمن َش َج َر ٍة َأ ْق َل ٰـ ٌۭم َوٱْلَبْح ُر َيُمُّدُهۥِمۢنۢن َبْعِدِهۦ‬ ‫َوَلْو َأ َّن َما ِفي ٱ ْل َأ ْر‬
‫َنِفَدْت َك ِل َم ٰـ ُت ٱل َّل ِه ۗ ِإَّن ٱل َّل َه‬ ‫َس ْبَعُة َأ ْب ُح ٍۢر َّما‬
‫َعِزيٌز َحِكيٌم‬
"And if all the trees on earth were pens and the sea [was ink], with seven more
seas added to it, the words of Allah would not be exhausted. Indeed, Allah is
Exalted in Might and Wise."
3. GEOMETRY 2D
Rectangle
Area = length x width
Perimeter = 2 x [ length + width]

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 Square

Area = sisi x sisi

Perimeter = 4 x sisi

Triangle

Area = ½ x base x height

height
Perimeter = side + side + side

base

Circle

Area = xrxr
diameter
Perimeter = x 2 x r atau xd
radius

Trapezoid
Area = ½ x [ a + b ] x height
a Perimeter = a + s + b + s
a and b are parallel side
s height s

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 Question:
1. A circular garden with a radius of 70 cm. Flowers will be planted at the edge of
the garden with a distance of 14 cm. How many flowers are needed at the edge
of the garden?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

5. A house yard is in the shape of a trapezoid with parallel sides measuring 6.5
meters and 5.5 meters. The width is 5 meters. How many square meters is the
area of the yard?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. GEOMETRY 3D
a. CYLINDER
FORMULA
Volume = xrxrxh

= or 3.14

Surface area = 2 x xrx[r+h]

Example:
A cylinder has a radius of 6 cm, a height of 7 cm, and pi = 22/7. Calculate the
volume of the tube.

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 Discussion:
The formula for the volume of a cylinder is V = πr² x t

V= x 6² x 7

= x 252

= 792 cm³
So, the volume of the cylinder is 792 cm³ or 0.792 liters
b. PYRAMID
Formula for Volume of a Triangular Pyramid

Volume = x[ xaxb]xh

Formula for Volume of a Rectangular Pyramid (Square)

Volume = xsxsxh

Formula for Volume of a Rectangular Pyramid (rectangle)

Volume = xlxwxh

Question:
1. A flower garden has 50 plants consisting of roses and jasmine. 30% of the
plants are roses. How many jasmine flowers are planted in the garden?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. A water tank is filled 2/5 of its full capacity. If the capacity of the tank is 60
liters, how many liters of water are needed to fill the water tank
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. A pyramid has a rectangular base with a size of 45 cm x 20 cm and a height of

40 cm. Calculate the volume of the pyramid!
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

c. Cuboid
Formula
Volume = length x weight x height
Surface area = 2 x {[l x w] + [l x h] + [w x h]} or
Surface area = 2 x l x w
2xlxh
4xwxh +

d. Cube
Formula
Volume = s x s x s
Surface area = 6 x [s x s]

e. Ratio

Question:
1. For 7 days of work, Mr. Anton received a wage of Rp. 875,000.00. If Mr.
Anton worked for 9 days, how much money was received?
Answer:
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

2. Comparison of cows and buffalo farmer is 4 : 3. The difference between the

number of cow and buffalo farmer is 12 tails. What is the number of cows
pack farm? What is the number of buffalo farmer? and how many cows and
buffalo farmer?
Answer:

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 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

f. Distance, Time and Speed/Velocity

1. Space/Distance = Velocity x Time
2. Velocity = Space : Time.
3. Time = Space : Velocity

g. Debit, Volume and Time

1. Debit = Volume / Time
2. Volume = Debit x Time
3. Time = Volume / Debit

Question:
Father drives a car with a speed of 70 km/hours to cover a distance of 140 km.
On the way, father stopped to refuel for 15 minutes and stopped at the rest
area for 30 minutes. If father leaves at 05.45, what time will you arrive at your
destination?
Answer :
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

5. HANDLING DATA
a. MEAN, MODE, MEDIAN
1. Example of odd data median
Grade 6 students' Math scores are as follows: 70, 60, 80, 80, 70, 80, 75, 75,
90, 80, 100, 70, 80, 85, 70.
Solution:
Data after sort: 60, 70, 70, 70, 70, 75, 75, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 85, 90, 100
Number of data = 15
Me = (N+1)/2

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 Me = (15+1)2
Me = 16/2
Me = 8
Data to-8 is 80
So the median is the eighth data that is 80.

b. How to find the median of even data

How to find the median of even data is different from odd data. As for
finding the median for even data, you can see the formula below.
Me = ((N/2+((N/2)+1)):2
Description N = a lot of data
So, based on the formula above, to find the middle data or central data, if
there are even numbers of data, then divide the amount of data by two
plus the amount of data divided by two plus one, then divide by two.
For example, the number of data is 20. Then the median method is 20/2 =
10. So the median is the 10th data plus the 11th data then divided by 2.
For convenience, you can see the example below.
Example of even data median
Grade 6 students' Mathematics scores are as follows: 70, 60, 80, 80, 70, 80,
75, 75, 90, 80, 100, 70, 80, 85, 70, 80.
Solution:
Data after sort: 60, 70, 70, 70, 70, 75, 75, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 85, 90, 100
Amount of data (N) = 16
Me = ((N/2) + ((N/2) +1)) :2
Me = (16/2 + (16/2) +1) :2
Me = (data ke 8 + data 9) :2
Data ke 8 = 80
Data ke 9 = 80
So the median of the data is (80+80)2 = 160/2
Median = 80

c. Definition and How to Calculate the Mean/Average

Grade 6 students' Math scores are as follows:
70, 60, 80, 80, 70, 80, 75, 75, 90, 80, 100, 70, 80, 85, 70, 80.
What is the average grade 6 Math score?
The first step is to add up all the data
Sum of all data= 1245
Number of data = 16
Average = Number of data/lots of data
Average = 1245/16
Average = 77.8125
If you take 2 digits after the comma then the result is Average = 77,81

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 Question :
The following is a table of 6 th grader’s favorite food!

Food Student
Meatball 14 students
Soto 16 students
1. Median =
Chicken noodle 15 students
…………………..
Fried rice 5 students
2. Modus =
…………………..
3. Mean = …………………..

6. GRAPH and CALCULATING PIE CHART IN PERCENT

a. Graphs
The graph is a picture of the ups and downs of a state or existing data with lines
or drawings. Graphs are divided into three kinds, namely bar graph, line graph,
and circle graph.
b. Bar Graph
Bar graph is a painting up and down data in the form of bars or beams and
used to suppress the existence of different levels or values of aspects
Example :

c. Line Graph
Line graph is a picture up and down painting of lines that are connected from
data points in sequence. This graph is used to describe developments or
changes over time.

Example :

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 d. The Circle Graph
The circle graph is a picture of the ups and downs of the data in the form of a
circle to describe the percentage of the total or total value.
Example :

e. Relationship of graphs and tables with data processing

1. Example Question part 1
Look the diagram!
a. If the total student is 400 students. Find students that
favorite sport Basketball, soccer and tennis!
b. If we make degree component, draw again the diagram
with degree component!
c. Find the total student favorite Volley ball and Badminton!
Answer:
a. Basket ball 22 % from 400

students = x 400 = 88

students

Soccer 29 % from 400 students = x 400 = 116 students

Tennis 18 % from 400 students = x 400 = 72 students

The total are 88 + 116 + 72 = 276 students

b. Draw the diagram!

First ways, find the total students.

- Basket ball 22 % from 300 students = x300 = 66

students

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 - Soccer 29 % from 200 students = x 300 = 87 students

- Tennis 18 % from 200 students = x 300 = 54 students

- Volley ball 18 % from 200 students = x 300 = 54 students

- Badminton 13 % from 200 students = x 300 = 39 students

c. Find the total student first :

Volley ball 18 % from 200 students = x 300 = 54 students

Badminton 13 % from 200 students = x 300 = 39 students

The total are 54 + 39 = 93 students

2. Example part 2
Look the diagram!
a. Change the bar graph into circle graph
b. Read and Write the data in the table!
c. Find the average of data!

Answer:
a. Draw in circle graph like the picture!
To find % , the ways like in example part 1 in percent (%)
b. Make the data in the table

Movie People
Comedy 4
Action 5
Romance 6
Drama 1
Scifi 4
Frequency 20
c. To find the average of data, first way is add all data (frequency) then divide

with total data. = =4

So, the average is 4

NB : total data are comedy, action,romance, drama, and scifi = 5 type of movie

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 Look at this picture !

Picture A Picture B
Answer this question correctly!
1. The total people like watch movie …
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. The different people like Comedy and Romace is …
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. The different people like Action and Romance is …
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. If the total student 500, find total student like badminton, like tennis and soccer!
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Different student like soccer and basketball if the total student 500 is …
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. Make Pie Chart based on picture A!
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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 Make Bar Chart based on picture B!
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. Find the Mean based on picture A!
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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8. If the total student 600, Find Mean based on picture B!
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

In the context of integer numbers, positive, negative, and zero numbers have
roles in various calculations and life applications. This verse reminds us to always
seek refuge in Allah in facing various situations in life, both positive and negative.
Improve your relationship with Allah by not abandoning your relationship with
humans. Love humans as you love yourself. Just as integers can contain positive and
negative numbers, we need to face life's challenges with the belief that God is in
control of everything, both in calculations and in real life.
The concept of unity: In Surah An-Nas, Allah SWT is described as the only God
who preserves and controls humans. This concept of unity also exists in
mathematics as a basic number.

The concept of protection: Verse 1 of Surah An-Nas talks about asking for
protection from Allah SWT. In mathematics, the concept of protection can be likened
to the concept of "limit" which is used to protect or limit a value or function.: Ayat 1
Surat An-Nas

Answer the following questions correctly!

Question I
M = 3.235 + 120 x 16 – 157
N = 3.542 + 120 x 15 – 132
Compare the value M and N!
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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 2. Mrs. Indah has a supply of cooking oil as much 5,25 liters. Used for frying as

much liters. Then she bought another as much 2,75 liters. Cooking oil now

as much Mrs. Indah is …… liters.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Fauzan turned on the water faucet to fill the bathtub. After 0.45 hours of water
flowing into the bath as much as 600 liters. Debit of water discharge is …….
liters/minutes.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. A florist has flower collection of red flowers 60, yellow flowers 80, and purple
flowers 100. The flowers entered in a vas in the same amount. Red flowers in
each flowers vase as many as ….stalks.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

5. Look this picture! make this data to the table!

Movie People

Frequency

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 6. A drum filled with oil has a diameter of 70 cm and a height of 1 meter. On the
first day, 144.5 litters of oil were sold. On the second day, 125,000 cc of oil
were sold. The remaining oil in the drum is still as high as … (π = 22/7)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

7. The age of Qonita is 2 decades less 1 years. While the age of Anindita is 2
lustrums more 4 years. How many years is the age difference between the two
of them?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

8. Compare the volume of cuboid and cylinder!

28 cm

20 cm

35 cm
15 cm
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
26 cm
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

9. Farhan money compared to Alfan money compared to Surya money is 4 : 7 : 3.

If the difference between Farhan and Alfana’s money is 22,000 rupiah, how
much money do Farhan and Surya have?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

10. A cuboid-shaped box has a length of 15 cm, a width of 8 cm and a height of 6

cm. If the box is filled with water, how many liters of water can it hold?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

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 In every problem solving must be done with full precision and full
responsibility. These characteristics indicate the existence of a connection or
unity between the numbers, even though the numbers are different. In the
context of Verse 1, this can be interpreted that even though living creatures or
creations of Allah differ in form and nature, all remain in the order created by
Him. We ask for Allah's protection to be given wisdom in every decision, such
as in mathematical calculations to find solutions that harmonize the
relationship between the numbers.

Question 2
Pay attention to the following tube!
1. Grandfather’s age is 13 windu more than 4 years. The age of the grandson is 5
lustrum less than 3 years. How many years is the difference between the ages
of grandfather and grandson?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

2. The ratio of the length to the width of a rectangle is 7 : 3. If the perimeter of the
rectangle is 80 cm, what is the area of the rectangle?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. A car is traveling at a speed of 80 km/hour. The distance traveled by the vehicle
is 200 km. On his way he rested 2 times 25 minutes each. If the vehicle departs
at 06.25, what time will you arrive at your destination?
………………………………………………………………………………………………..............................
..................................................................................................................................................................
………………………………………………………………………………………………...
………………………………………………………………………………………………..............................
..........................

4. Ardi runs around the field which is in the form of a circle with a diameter of 56
meters. If he runs 3 times, how many meters of track di it cover?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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 5. A swimming pool is in the form of cuboid with a length of 20 meters, a width of
8 meters and a depth of 4 meters. If the swimming pool is only filled 3/5
part, how many liters of water are needed to fill the pool completely?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

6. Naura studies math every 3 days, Raisha studies math every 5 days and. Almira
studies math every 6 days. If on Thursday, 12 February 2024, when they study
together?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

7. Mother has a supply of cooking oil as much 4,75 liters. Used for frying as much

liters. Then mother bought another as much 2.15 liters. Cooking oil now as much
mother is … liters.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

8. Faizah’s age compared to Fahira’s age compared to Fani’s age is 3 : 7 : 5. If the

difference between the ages of Faizah and Fahira is 10 years, then the sum of their
ages is …..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

9. If Mr. Halim harvest corn for 10 months in tons is 10, 8, 7, 9, 9, 7, 8, 7, 8, 10. The
average (Mean) monthly yield of [Link] is ………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
10. Father drives a car with a speed of 75 km/hours to cover a distance 150 km. On
the way father stopped to refuel for 15 minutes and stopped at the rest area for 30
minutes. If father leaves at 05.15, then arrives at the destination at……

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 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

If you don't know someone, you won't love them, if you don't love them, you won't
love them. So if you want to be good at math, you have to like them.

Question 3
Pay attention to the following tube!
1. A swimming pool is in the form of cuboid with a length of 15 meters, a width of
9 meters and a depth of 3 meters. If the swimming pool is filled with water,
then the water needed is …. liter.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

2. Firda’s age compared to Anindya’s age compared to Fania’s age is 6 : 5 : 3. If

Anindya’s ages is 15 years, then Fania’s ages is ….. years.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

3. Compare the volume of pyramid and the volume of cylinder! 20 cm

28 cm
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

4. A swimming pool is in the form of cuboid with a length of 20 meters, a width of

8 meters and a depth of 3 meters. If the swimming pool is only filled 4/5 part,
then as much water is needed …. liter.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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 5. [Link] bought 2.75 tons of rice, 3.5 quintals of sugar and 50 kg of wheat
flour. The weight of [Link]’s groceries is … kg.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. Uncle's garden is rectangular with a length of 56 m and a width of 40 m.
around the garden will be planted coconut trees with a distance between trees
of 4 m. if the price of one tree seedling is Rp. 7,000.00, then the amount of
money that must be spent to buy tree seedlings is ....
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
7. The distance between 2 cities on the map is 8 cm. if the map scale is 1 :
2,500,000 then the actual distance between the two cities is ..... km.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. After 7 days of work, Mr. Anton earned Rp875,000.00. If Mr. Anton worked for
9 days, then the money received would be .... rupiah.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

9. A water tank in the form of a tube with a diameter of 2 meters and a height of
2.1 meters. So the water needed to fill the water tank to the brim is .... meters
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

10. The average value of 6 children is 8.6. If 1 child is added, the average becomes
8.5. Then the child's value is .....
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
11. Compare the volume of the cylinder and triangular prism below!

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 10 cm
12 cm

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
In Surah An-Nas verse 1, it is stated:
"I seek refuge from the Lord of mankind". God Almighty who created all
creatures in various forms and has power over his creations.
This verse talks about the power of Allah SWT in creating and perfecting the
universe.
The relationship between the mathematics of plane and spatial figures with
Surah An-Nas verse 1 can be seen from several aspects:
In every arithmetic operation, we definitely get a result. So in every activity we
do, we definitely get a reward.

Plane Figures
1. Creation of shapes:
In the mathematics of plane figures, we learn about various shapes such as
triangles, squares, circles, and others. Verse 1 of Surah An-Nas reminds us
that Allah SWT is the one who created and perfected all forms and
structures in the universe.
2. Order and balance:
Flat shapes have the properties of order and balance, such as symmetry and
proportion. Verse 1 of Surah An-Nas reminds us that Allah SWT is the one
who creates and perfects order and balance in the universe.

Solid Figure
1. Creation of structures:
In the mathematics of space structures, we learn about various structures
such as cubes, spheres, and others. Allah SWT is the one who created and
perfected all structures and shapes in the universe.

2. Interconnectedness and unity:

Space structures have the properties of interconnectedness and unity, such
as how the various parts of a structure are related and united.

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 Allah SWT is the one who created and perfected the interconnectedness
and unity in the universe.
Thus, in learning mathematics, there can be continuity between one
material and another, the material on plane and spatial shapes are
interrelated in terms of form, regularity, balance, interconnectedness, and
unity.
Pythagoras (570-495 BC) was an ancient Greek mathematician,
philosopher, and scientist who made major contributions to mathematics,
especially in geometry and number theory.
Contribution of Pythagoras in Mathematics:
1. Pythagorean Theory:
Pythagoras is known for the theory that states that in a right triangle, the
square of the length of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of
the lengths of the other sides. This theory can be formulated as: a² + b² =
c².
2. Geometry:
Pythagoras also contributed to the development of geometry, especially in
the theory of triangles, circles, and other plane figures.
3. Numbers:
Pythagoras also contributed to number theory, especially in the concept of
rational and irrational numbers.
Influence of Pythagoras in Mathematics:
1. Development of Mathematics:
Pythagoras' contribution to mathematics helped the development of
mathematics as a whole, especially in the fields of geometry and numbers.
2. Influence on Other Mathematicians:
Pythagoras had a great influence on other mathematicians, such as Euclid
and Archimedes, who also contributed to the development of mathematics.
3. Use in Various Fields:
Pythagoras' theory is used in various fields, such as physics, engineering,
and architecture.
Overall, Pythagoras was a mathematician who made great contributions to
the development of mathematics, especially in geometry and number
theory.

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