CLASS 10 CBSE (CODE 165) – COMPUTER NOTES
CHAPTER 1 – COMPLETE NOTES
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1) INTERNET TERMINOLOGY
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• WWW: World Wide Web; global collection of webpages.
• Web Server: Computer that stores and delivers web pages.
• Web Client: Device/application that requests web data from server.
• Website: Collection of related web pages under one domain.
• Web Page: A single document displayed on the web.
• Web Browser: Software used to access the web (Chrome, Firefox).
• Web Address/URL: Unique address that identifies a web resource.
- Abbreviations: http, https, www
- Domain Codes: .com, .org, .edu, .gov, .in etc.
BLOGS:
• Personal Blogs – about an individual’s life.
• Corporate Blogs – maintained by companies.
• Genre Blogs – focused on a specific topic.
• Spam Blogs – fake blogs for ads/spam.
• Micro Blogs – short posts (ex: Twitter).
NEWSGROUPS:
• Thread – series of related posts.
• Post – individual message.
• Lurking – reading without posting.
• Flaming – rude/angry messages.
• Poster – person who submits a post.
• Main Category – overall topic of the group.
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EMAIL (BASIC TERMS)
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• Username – user’s ID.
• @ – separator.
• Domain Name – mail service ([Link]).
• To – main recipient.
• CC – carbon copy.
• BCC – hidden copy.
• Subject – title of email.
• Message – body text.
• Send – to deliver email.
• Attachment – add files.
• Reply – respond to sender.
• Forward – send received email to others.
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2) INTERNET PROTOCOLS
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• TCP/IP – Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol; foundation of Internet communication.
• FTP – File Transfer Protocol; used to transfer files.
- Make FTP Connection – use FTP client + server credentials.
- Downloading – receiving files from server.
- Uploading – sending files to server.
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3) EMAIL PROTOCOLS
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• SMTP – Simple Mail Transfer Protocol; sends emails.
• POP3 – Post Office Protocol v3; downloads emails to device.
- Port 110 – default
- Port 995 – secure SSL
• IMAP – Internet Message Access Protocol; keeps mail on server.
- Port 143 – default
- Port 993 – secure SSL
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN POP3 AND IMAP:
• POP3 downloads mail → stored offline.
• IMAP stores mail on server → syncs across devices.
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4) HTTP & HTTPS
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• HTTP – HyperText Transfer Protocol (no encryption).
• HTTPS – Secure HTTP (encrypted using SSL).
Difference: HTTPS is secure; HTTP is not.
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5) REMOTE LOGIN & PROTOCOLS
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• SSH – Secure Shell; encrypted remote login.
• SFTP – Secure File Transfer Protocol; uses SSH.
- Difference: SFTP is secure; FTP is not.
• SCP – Secure Copy Protocol; fast secure file copy.
• Telnet – older remote login; NOT secure.
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6) SERVICES AVAILABLE ON INTERNET
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• Search Engines – tools to find information.
- Google, Bing, DuckDuckGo, Yahoo!, Ask, Internet Archive
• URL – address of website.
FINDING PEOPLE ON INTERNET:
• Use search engines and social platforms to look up public info.
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7) WEB SERVICES
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• Web Server – handles and delivers website content.
• Web Chatting – real-time online conversation.
• Video Conferencing – audio/video communication.
FEATURES: screen share, chat, recording
ELEMENTS: camera, mic, internet, software
E-LEARNING:
• Advantages – flexible, accessible, cost-effective
• Disadvantages – distractions, requires internet, lacks physical interaction
E-BANKING:
• Advantages – 24/7 access, quick transfers
• Features – balance check, NEFT/IMPS, bill payment
E-COMMERCE – buying/selling online.
E-SHOPPING – online purchasing of goods.
E-RESERVATION – booking tickets, hotels online.
E-GOVERNANCE – government services online.
- Benefits – transparency, speed, accessibility
- G2G – govt to govt
- G2C – govt to citizens
- G2E – govt to employees
E-GROUP – online group for discussions.
SOCIAL NETWORKING – connecting with people online.
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8) MOBILE TECHNOLOGIES
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• 1G – analog voice.
• 2G – digital voice + SMS.
• 3G – internet browsing, video calling.
• 4G – high-speed internet, HD video.
• 5G – ultra-fast speed, low latency, IoT support.
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END OF NOTES
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