Management
Duties and Responsibility of Management
Introduction
In order to run a successful, growing enterprise, an entrepreneur needs to possess
not only entrepreneurial attributes but managerial skills as well
What is Management?
• Getting things done through the efforts of others
• Making things happen and produce results
• The art of achieving the objectives of a business / organization in the most efficient way.
Functions of Management
As a process management can be described in terms of several major functions often performed
simultaneously or as part of continuum.
The Functions are:
Planning
Organizing
Staffing
Directing
Controlling
Coordinating
Motivation
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1. Planning
• The determination of course of action in order to achieve desired result
• It is the process of anticipating the future and discovering alternatives course of action
– a process by which specific objectives are established and details ways of achieving them
are established
• Planning is a sub function of forecasting
– What is to be done
– How
– When
– Where and,
– Who will do it
– It involves selection of objectives, strategies, policies, programmes and procedures
2. Organizing
• Organization
– a group of people working together to achieve a common goal
• Organizing
– division of work, allocation of duties, authority and responsibility
– it includes span of control, numbers of levels of management and delegation
– it is bringing together human, financial, material resources, plant and machinery to
objective
3. Staffing
manning and keeping manned the position provided in the org. structure
a process in which managers select, train, promote and retain and retire subordinates
4. Directing
• Guiding and leading subordinates
• A process by which actual performance of the subordinates is guided towards common goal
• Inculcating in subordinates a keen appreciation of the org. orientates them continuously,
clarifying their assignments etc
• Directing involves
– delegating
– motivating
– communication
– Coordinating
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5. Control
• Continually monitoring of activities
• its about measuring and correcting activities
• Types of Control
– production and operation control
– inventory control
– quality control
– financial control
The Individual Aspects of Control
• establishing reporting systems
• developing performance standards
• measuring performance standards
• taking corrective action
• rewarding
6. Coordinating
Coordinate different functions of his enterprise’s different departments.
Ensure that all departments are bent on achieving a common goal.
7. Motivation
Must inspiring in nature, learning to give rewards, praises and encouragement to deserving workers
within the business in order to get more of the desired results.
When workers are not motivated, the following may result:
Increased cases of theft and pilferage.
Low morale and lack of interest among workers.
Low productivity and poor-quality products and services resulting in poor sales and low profits.
Possibility of sabotages of assets by the employees / workers.
Frustrations among workers which may lead to poor customer services and care.
Increased labour turn over (high rates of resignations).
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Responsibilities of a Manager
Responsibility to the Department
– Knowledge of managerial techniques
– good leadership qualities
– economy in operations
– planning & coordination of work
– establishment of targets and standards
– proper care and use of equipment, materials etc
– knowledge of department, interpretation of laws rules, regulations and policies
Responsibilities to the Employee
• indoctrination of new employee
• knowledge of HR
• adequate instruction in performance of assignments
• accurate, definite and reasonable assignments
• recognition, respect and praise when due
• fair evaluation of performance
• good working conditions
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Authority of Managers
• Authority - emphasized power over a situation or an individual
– the right to command and power to make oneself obeyed
Two Types of Authority
Statutory authority - belongs to the position.
Personal authority - as a result of intelligence, knowledge, moral qualities and the gift to command
people.
• To be effective both types of authority should be available
Activity
Why do mangers fail?
Possible answers to why managers fail
• Lack of managerial skills knowledge and attitudes
• promoting levels of incompetence
• lack of authority
• lack of leadership drive
• poor relationship with the boss
• lack of commitment
• membership in trade union
• fear of victimization
• organization climate
• Is my relationship with senior management satisfactory?
• Am I doing too much routine or administrative clerical work?
• Have I have enough time to think?
• Do any of my staff need further training?
Activity
Are there differences between a manager and entrepreneur?
If so, state these differences
Reference Material
1. Busines Environment P. Diwan, Excel 1996
2. A Manual of Business Opportunity Identification, J.B Patel 1995
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