LINES

1.​ Vertical lines are associated with dignity, stature, stateliness, confidence, dominance
and strength
2.​ Horizontal lines are associated with restfulness, relaxation, tranquility, calmness,
passivity, and indisposed condition
3.​ Diagonal lines are associated with dynamic movement as it appears falling or rising. It is
the line of tension and energy
4.​ Curve lines are associated with elegance, softness, beauty and grace
5.​ Zigzag lines are associated with nervous confusion, chaos, danger and violence

In Lautrec’s monochrome drawing, lines defined the boundaries of the subject. Further, the tone
or relative lightness and darkness have introduced little suggestion of weight and roundedness.

COLOR
1.​ Color is a property of light. As a wavelength, it is bounced off from surfaces into the
eyes’ retina. Several wavelengths of light would enter into the retina at each viewing
situation, resulting in color perception.
2.​ Color perception is important to see color patterns, harmony, temperature and other
associated visual phenomena. In art, the properties that concern an observer are the
hue, value and intensity.
3.​ Hue is the distinct quality of color that is determined by the color palettes in the color
wheel. Hues can be adjusted in terms of lightness or darkness and brightness or
dullness.
4.​ Value is the relative lightness and darkness, or tonality of a hue. Different range of
values can be achieved in reference to light and dark or the presence or absence of
light.
5.​ Color Temperature is described in terms of its temperature – warm or cool. Colors
assimilate to the dominant colors they interact with.

COLOR HARMONY
-​ is the pleasing visual effect that results from combining two or more hues.
1.​ Monochromatic is the easiest to conceive among the color harmonies since it only
involves one color and its variations.
2.​ Analogous combination brings together colors adjacent to each other on the color
wheel. This scheme is popular for its gentle effect and for being easy on the eyes.
3.​ Triadic color harmony uses strong contrast to achieve visual appeal. best applied to
cartoons and surreal subjects since this scheme evokes exciting and playful effects.
4.​ Complementary are colors that are opposite to each other in the color wheel, and are
naturally pleasing to the eyes.

SHAPE
-​ It is the basic structure of everything. In design, shapes have 2 dimensions – length and
width. Together, these dimensions create boundaries by setting off by negative shape
 from positive shape. In decorating, shapes are usually symbolic, pattern and
texture-based.
1.​ Geometric. These are shapes that exist in the human-made world.
2.​ Organic. These shapes are present in nature. They are free-flowing and could either be
simple as circular forms or complex like the shape of the clouds, trees and mountains.
Dimensional Compositions
1.​ Brand logos. Shapes are used in their purest forms in typography to create brand logos.
A mix class or a single-class of shapes are used to design logos, depending on the
image requirement.
2.​ Typography. Typography is the art of written languages. The strokes leave an
impression or reveal legible, readable and appealing characters and typefaces.

MASS
-​ can either be applied or actual.
1.​ Implied is subjective since the perceived mass is approached by how intuitively we take
the object composed in an illusionistic way.
2.​ Monumental masses in real life are referred to as actual mass. The experience of
density and volume in actual mass is not simulated, and offers heightened impact in
observers.

TEXTURE
-​ The way a surface feels or perceive by, creates visual details on surfaces. It can also
draw and repel interests of the viewers from the object of observation, depending on the
quality of texture.
1.​ Actual Texture. This refers to the type of texture that can be seen and felt with the body
(tactile).
2.​ Implied Texture. This refers to textures that are not felt but the visual technique of the
artist helps the audience to imagine what the surface of the subject feels like if touched.
Types
1.​ Organic Texture. This kind of texture is environmental such as wood, water, grain, sand,
stars in the sky
2.​ Manmade Texture. This texture is inspired by the industry and commerce such as
napkins, textiles, wallpapers and [Link] often our texture vocabulary is derived from
the material and finish products. But there are some texture terms that are coined.

SPACE
-​ establishes the visual essence and dynamics of the composition. In a composition we
label the quality of space as positive space or negative space.

VISUAL CUES
1.​ Proximity suggests relationships between figures, which would inform the kind of scale
to apply on each element in the composition
2.​ Overlapping is the placement of figures one on top of the other.
 3.​ Opacity is the transparency of a figure which when increased blurs the barriers between
negative and positive spaces
4.​ Light and Shadow can give an object a three-dimensional appearance. The two
qualities also suggest how far apart figures are from each other.
5.​ Perspective establishes the arrangement of figures as they appear in real life. The
smaller the figure, the further away they get, and vice versa. Also, relative sizes of
figures help in establishing perspective. Two systems of perspective are at work under
the tenets of realism
6.​ Linear perspective is a technique used by artists to create the illusion of depth and
space, using a group of objects' relative size and location.
7.​ Atmospheric perspective (or aerial perspective) refers to the manner in which the
environment influences how we see objects as they recede into space.

Vincent Van Gogh had created highly textured artworks. He densely applied oil paint and
produced artworks with a rough texture and an elevated surface. He is considered a pioneer of
this so-called impasto technique. Further, Van Gogh used the technique of filling in the negative
space of some of his compositions.

WAYS OF DEFINING ART

-​ The term “art” is related to the Latin word “ars” meaning, art, skill, or craft. The first
known use of the word comes from 13th-century manuscripts.

Art as Representation of Mimesis

-​ Plato first developed the idea of art as “mimesis,” which, in Greek, means copying or
imitation. For this reason, the primary meaning of art was, for centuries, defined as the
representation or replication of something that is beautiful or meaningful
Art as Expression of Emotional Content
-​ Expression became important during the Romantic movement with artwork expressing a
definite feeling, as in the sublime or dramatic.
Art as Form
-​ Immanuel Kant (1724–1804) was one of the most influential of the early theorists toward
the end of the 18th century. He believed that art should not have a concept but should be
judged only on its formal qualities because the content of a work of art is not of aesthetic
interest

HISTORY OF ART
-​ Throughout the centuries in Western culture from the 11th century on through the end of
the 17th century, the definition of art was anything done with skill as the result of
knowledge and practice. This meant that artists honed their craft, learning to replicate
their subjects skillfully. The epitome of this occurred during the Dutch Golden Age when
artists were free to paint in all sorts of different genres and made a living off their art in
the robust economic and cultural climate of 17th century Netherlands.
 -​ During the Romantic period of the 18th century, as a reaction to the Enlightenment and
its emphasis on science, empirical evidence, and rational thought, art began to be
described as not just being something done with skill, but something that was also
created in the pursuit of beauty and to express the artist’s emotions. Nature was
glorified, and spirituality and free expression were celebrated. Artists, themselves,
achieved a level of notoriety and were often guests of the aristocracy
-​ The Avant-garde art movement began in the 1850s with the realism of Gustave Courbet.
It was followed by other modern art movements such as cubism, futurism, and
surrealism, in which the artist pushed the boundaries of ideas and creativity. These
represented innovative approaches to art-making and the definition of what is art
expanded to include the idea of the originality of vision.

QUOTES (ARTISTS)

Rene Magritte
-​ Art evokes the mystery without which the world would not exist.
Frank Lloyd Wright
-​ Art is a discovery and development of elementary principles of nature into beautiful
forms suitable for human use.
Thomas Merton
-​ Art enables us to find ourselves and lose ourselves at the same time
Pablo Picasso
-​ The purpose of art is washing the dust of daily life off our souls
Lucius Annaeus Seneca
-​ All art is but imitation of nature
Edgar Degas
-​ Art is not what you see, but what you make others see.
Jean Sibelius
-​ Art is the signature of civilizations
Leo Tolstoy
-​ Art is a human activity consisting of this, that one man consciously, by means of certain
external signs, hands-on to others feelings he has lived through, and that others are
infected by these feelings and also experience them.

Fine Art
-​ The idea of "art for the sake of art" emerged at the turn of the 19th century, when artists
became increasingly inclined to use art as a freedom of speech instead of recording and
reflecting historical and cultural happenings.
-​ Fine art historically included painting, sculpture , architecture, music, and poetry. Works
considered to be fine art are created primarily for aesthetics and from the innate desire
for artistic expression.
Genius
-​ According to Kant, genius is a talent . Originality is its primary property and this (genius)
cannot be learned according to some prescribed rules.
Taste
-​ The ancient theories of taste focused more on beauty and truth rather than the reactions
or feelings from the beholder or audience of the work.
-​ The idea of taste has long been an issue for philosophers especially under the concept
of beauty.
-​ David Hume was one of the philosophers who wrote a controversial treatise about taste.
Controversial in a sense that he self-contradicted himself in the treatise. He first claimed
that there is no accounting for taste, which means that there is no telling if our judgment
of beauty is right or wrong because for Hume, sentiments are not fallible.
1.​ Delicacy -- all sense organs are able to perceive the ingredients of a work.
2.​ Practice -- the beholder should be exposed to various works that use these senses.
3.​ God Sense – the beholder uses reason to perfect his/her taste by comparison of works
with each other to avoid prejudice.