Teacher

Method Main Idea Focus Learner Role Strengths Weaknesses

Role
Good for
Grammar Authority, No speaking practice,
Learning grammar and Reading & Passive, reading/literature,
Translation explains boring, teacher-
translating texts writing, grammar memorizes understanding
(GTM) rules centered
grammar
Active participant,
Direct Method Speaking & thinking in Oral Model, Encourages speaking, Hard in large classes,
imitates &
(DM) the target language communication facilitator natural learning needs fluent teacher
practices
Mechanical, little
Audio-Lingual Habit formation via drills Listening & Controller, Repeater, imitates Builds pronunciation
creativity, limited
Method (ALM) & repetition speaking directs drills patterns & accuracy
communication
Active performer, Limited for advanced
Total Physical Language through Listening & Director → Fun, low anxiety, good
responds learners, needs
Response (TPR) physical actions comprehension Facilitator for beginners
physically movement space
Independent Highly learner- Can be frustrating,
Learners discover Autonomy, Silent
Silent Way discoverer, self- centered, promotes slow, needs skilled
language themselves problem-solving facilitator
corrects critical thinking teacher
Emotionally
Relaxed, stress-free Memory & Supportive Reduces anxiety, Special setup, can
Suggestopedia engaged,
learning imagination authority highly motivating feel theatrical
imaginative
Competency- Achieve real-life Facilitator, Active, goal- Real-life relevance, Planning-intensive,
Skills & outcomes
Based (CBLT) competencies assessor oriented measurable needs careful design
Active
Communicative Focus on real Fluency & Facilitator, Engaging, promotes Accuracy may suffer,
communicator,
(CLT) communication meaning monitor fluency, realistic large classes hard
negotiates meaning
Standards-Based Meet specific Knowledge & Designer, Follows path, Uniformity, Can be rigid, less
(SBEM) standards/benchmarks performance evaluator meets standards accountability creative
Language through Real-life tasks, Needs careful task
Task-Based Problem-solving Guide, Active problem-
completing meaningful collaborative, design, grammar may
(TBLT) & communication supporter solver
tasks motivating be neglected