Chemistry Laboratory
Week 3
Redox Titration with
KMnO4
1
Objectives
1. Titration
2. Equivalent weight
3. Review of oxidation-reduction reactions
4. Standardize the concentration of KMnO4 solution
and determine the oxalic acid normality
2
What is titration?
• Quantitative, volumetric procedure to determine
the concentration of an analyte in solution.
• Small volumes of reagent—the titrant—are added
to analyte until their reaction is completed.
• Titration reaction continues as the titrant is added
until all analyte reacts completely and
quantitatively with the titrant. Equivalence point.
3
Equivalence point and end point
• Equivalence point
• The ideal theoretical result we seek in a titration
• Not visually observable
• End point
• An observable sudden change in the physical
property of the solution
• A change in color
• An appearance of precipitation
4
A titration setup
• Titrant is in the burette
• Precise and controlled delivery
of titrant
• Analyte is contained in the
Erlenmeyer flask
• Indicator is also added
• Constant mixing and swirling to
ensure homogeneity
5
A titration setup
• Titrant is in the burette
• Precise and controlled delivery
of titrant
• Analyte is contained in the
Erlenmeyer flask
• Indicator is also added
• Constant mixing and swirling to
ensure homogeneity
6
Equivalent weight
• The equivalent is the amount of a substance that react
with or supply one mole of electrons (e−) in a redox
reaction.
• The mass of an equivalent is called equivalent weight.
𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡
𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 =
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑡
Reaction of KMnO4 and H2C2O4
2 KMnO4 + 5 H2C2O4 + 3 H2SO4 → 10 CO2 + K2SO4 + 2 MnSO4 + 8 H2O
2 MnO4− + 5 H2C2O4 + 6 H+ → 10 CO2 + 2 Mn2+ + 8 H2O
Reaction of KMnO4 and H2C2O4
2 KMnO4 + 5 H2C2O4 + 3 H2SO4 → 10 CO2 + K2SO4 + 2 MnSO4 + 8 H2O
2 MnO4− + 5 H2C2O4 + 6 H+ → 10 CO2 + 2 Mn2+ + 8 H2O
• Oxidation № of manganese in MnO4−: +7
• Oxidation № of manganese in Mn2+: +2
• Change in oxidation № of manganese: 5
>?@.B C > DEFG
• 𝐸𝑊 𝑜𝑓 𝐾𝑀𝑛𝑂4 = × = 31.60 𝑔/𝑒𝑞
> DEFG ? GI
Reaction of KMnO4 and H2C2O4
2 KMnO4 + 5 H2C2O4 + 3 H2SO4 → 10 CO2 + K2SO4 + 2 MnSO4 + 8 H2O
2 MnO4− + 5 H2C2O4 + 6 H+ → 10 CO2 + 2 Mn2+ + 8 H2O
• Oxidation № of carbon in H2C2O4 : +3
• Oxidation № of carbon in CO2 : +4
• Change in oxidation № of carbon: 1
RB.B C > DEFG T?.B C
• 𝐸𝑊 𝑜𝑓 𝐻2𝐶2𝑂4 = × =
> DEFG S GI GI
Normality
• Normality
• Moles of an equivalent per liter
𝑁𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑦 × 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠
• Normality vs Molarity
• Normality: moles of equivalent per liter
• Molarity: moles of complete substance per liter
Normality of H2C2O4 for redox reactions
3.6 g of oxalic acid (H2C2O4⋅2H2O) are dissolved and the volume is made up to 150 ml.
Calculate the normality of the solution for redox titration?
In order to determine the normality of the oxalic acid solution, you need to first figure out how
many electrons will the reducing agent lose.
This tells you that 1 mole of oxalic acid produces 2 moles of electrons for the redox reaction.
These are your equivalents
Molarity = 3.6/(126.07x0.15) = 0.19 M
Normality = Molarity x 2 = 0.19 x 2 = 0.38 N
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Reaction of KMnO4 and H2C2O4
2 KMnO4 + 5 H2C2O4 + 3 H2SO4 → 10 CO2 + K2SO4 + 2 MnSO4 + 8 H2O
2 MnO4− + 5 H2C2O4 + 6 H+ → 10 CO2 + 2 Mn2+ + 8 H2O
𝐺𝐸𝑊 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑥𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑧𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 𝐺𝐸𝑊 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝐺𝐸𝑊 𝑜𝑓 𝐾𝑀𝑛𝑂4 = 𝐺𝐸𝑊 𝑜𝑓 𝐻2𝐶2𝑂4
𝑉𝑜𝑥𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑧𝑖𝑛𝑔 × 𝑁𝑜𝑥𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑧𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 × 𝑁𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔
Redox reaction: KMnO4 + C2H2O4
[Link]
ch?v=iTQVo2zZpe4
Calculate a concentration of an
unknown solution
NoVo = NrVr
oxidant reductant
N is Normality
(nồng độ đương lượng)
V: volume
H2C2O4 16
Redox reaction: KMnO4 + C2H2O4
KMnO4: purple
MnSO4: colorless
How do you know when all H2C2O4 is
completely consumed?
SELF-INDICATOR: KMnO4
H2C2O4 17
Standardization of prepared KMnO4
2 MnO4− + 5 H2C2O4 + 6 H+ → 10 CO2 + 2 Mn2+ + 8 H2O
• KMnO4, oxidizing agent, unknown concentration
• H2C2O4, reducing agent, known concentration
Volume (mL) Concentration
(N)
H2C2O4 10 0.05
KMnO4 To be ?
determined
• End point: a slight excess of KMnO4 → light pink
• We now know the exact conc. of KMnO4 18
KMnO4
H2C2O4
Reaction between End point
Beginning of titration
KMnO4 and C2H2O4
Colorless Pale pink
Colorless 19
Titration of unknown H2C2O4
2 MnO4− + 5 H2C2O4 + 6 H+ → 10 CO2 + 2 Mn2+ + 8 H2O
• KMnO4, oxidizing agent, known concentration
• H2C2O4, reducing agent, unknown concentration
Volume (mL) Concentration
(N)
H2C2O4 25 ?
KMnO4 To be From part 2.2
determined
• End point: a slight excess of KMnO4 → light pink
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