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Vector Angle and Orthogonality Check

The document outlines five assignments related to vector and matrix operations, including finding angles between vectors, determining the rank and nullity of matrices, checking vector span, discussing consistency in linear equations, and verifying linear dependency of vectors. Each assignment includes a step-by-step algorithm for implementation. The algorithms cover essential mathematical concepts and programming techniques relevant to linear algebra.

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Vishal More
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6 views5 pages

Vector Angle and Orthogonality Check

The document outlines five assignments related to vector and matrix operations, including finding angles between vectors, determining the rank and nullity of matrices, checking vector span, discussing consistency in linear equations, and verifying linear dependency of vectors. Each assignment includes a step-by-step algorithm for implementation. The algorithms cover essential mathematical concepts and programming techniques relevant to linear algebra.

Uploaded by

Vishal More
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Assignment No.

01
Write a program to find angle between two vectors and
check orthogonality
ALGORITHM

Step 1: Start
Step 2: Input vector A = [a1, a2, ..., an]
Step 3: Input vector B = [b1, b2, ..., bn]
Step 4: Check if length of A and B are equal
→ If not, display error and stop
Step 5: Compute dot product:
dot_prod = A · B
Step 6: Compute magnitudes:
mag_A = ||A||, mag_B = ||B||
Step 7: Compute angle in radians:
angle_rad = acos(dot_prod / (mag_A * mag_B))
Step 8: Convert to degrees:
angle_deg = angle_rad × (180 / π)
Step 9: Display angle
Step 10: Check orthogonality:
If abs(dot_prod) < 1e-10, then
→ Print “Vectors are orthogonal”
Else
→ Print “Vectors are not orthogonal”
Step 11: Stop
Assignment No. 02
Write a program to find the rank and nullity of a matrix
through its row reduced echelon form

ALGORITHM:

Step 1: Start

Step 2: Input the matrix A of size m × n.

Step 3: Compute the RREF (Row Reduced Echelon Form) of matrix A,

denote it by R.

Step 4: Initialize rank = 0.

Step 5: For each row in R:

• If the row is not all zeros, increment rank by 1.

Step 5: Compute nullity as:


nullity = n − rank,
where n is the number of columns in the matrix.

Step 6: Output:

• The RREF of the matrix

• The rank

• The nullity

Step 7 : End
Assignment No. 03
Write a program to check whether the given vector is in
the span of a set of vectors

ALGORITHM:

Step 1: Start
Step 2: Input

• Matrix A of size m×n (columns represent the given set of


vectors)
• Vector b of size m×1.
Step 3: Solve the system A⋅x=b using the least squares method:
x=A\b
Step 4: Compute the residual (error vector):
r=A⋅x−b.
Step 5: Compute the norm of the residual:
error=∥r∥=∥A⋅x−b∥.
Step 6: Set a small tolerance value,
e.g., tolerance=10-10.
Step 7: Compare the error with the tolerance:
• If error<tolerance:
Output: “The vector b is in the span of the set of vectors.”
• Else:
Output: “The vector b is NOT in the span of the set of vectors.”

Stepm 8: End.
Assignment No. 04
Write a Program to discuss the nature of consistency for system of linear
equations
ALGORITHM:
Assignment No. 05
Write a MATLAB Program to verify linear dependency of a set of vectors
ALGORITHM:

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