WASTEWATER DESIGN MANUAL

Section 08 – Electrical

Document No: AM-ENG-WDM-08

Issue Date: 29/09/2016

Revision: 3.0

Classification: Restricted

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 Document No: AM-ENG-WDM-08 Issue Date: 29/09/2016

Classification: Restricted Revision: 3.0

Revision History
The following is a brief summary of the most recent revisions to this document. Details of all revisions prior
to these are held on file by the issuing department.

Revision
Date Scope / Remarks
No.
0 13/04/2006 Document approved and issued

01 01/06/2008 To incorporate Tender Board and Veolia comments

02 31/12/2010 To incorporate latest changes as per current International standards.
03 29/09/2016 Updated as part of the Haya Water Technical Standards Upgrading
project

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Revision History....................................................................................................................... 2
1. Introduction ............................................................................................................ 5
1.1. Purpose ................................................................................................................... 5
1.2. Scope ...................................................................................................................... 5
1.3. Objective ................................................................................................................. 5
1.4. Distribution/Target Audience ................................................................................. 5
1.5. Definitions............................................................................................................... 5
1.6. Abbreviations ......................................................................................................... 6
2. Electrical ................................................................................................................. 7
2.1. General .................................................................................................................... 7
2.2. Codes and Standards............................................................................................. 8
2.3. Service Conditions ................................................................................................12
2.4. System Voltages and Frequencies .......................................................................12
2.5. Classifications of Electrical Loads.......................................................................14
2.5.1. Vital or Critical .......................................................................................................14
2.5.2. Essential Load .......................................................................................................14
2.5.3. Non-Essential Load ...............................................................................................14
2.6. Integrated Power monitoring and control systems (IPMCS) ..............................14
2.7. Electrical Load Schedule ......................................................................................14
2.8. HV Switchgear .......................................................................................................14
2.8.1. 33-kV Switchgear...................................................................................................15
2.8.2. 11-kV Switchgear ...................................................................................................15
2.8.3. 11-kV SF6-Type Ring Main Units ..........................................................................16
2.9. Power Transformers ..............................................................................................16
2.10. Substations............................................................................................................17
2.11. Battery Units ..........................................................................................................19
2.12. Power Factor Correction Equipment ...................................................................19
2.13. 415-V Switchgear and Motor Control Centres .....................................................20
2.14. Cables and Wires ..................................................................................................21
2.15. Emergency Power Supplies..................................................................................23
2.16. Plant Alarm Systems .............................................................................................25
2.17. Electrical Requirements (Bulk Material) ..............................................................26
2.18. Earthing and Lightning Protection System .........................................................26

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2.19. Lighting ..................................................................................................................28

2.20. Hazardous Areas ...................................................................................................30
2.21. Recommended Spares ..........................................................................................30
2.22. Drawings List .........................................................................................................30
2.23. Material Submittal Index .......................................................................................31

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1. Introduction

1.1. Purpose
i. The purpose of this document is to communicate the technical requirements and preferences of
Haya Water for electrical systems or equipment.

1.2. Scope
i. The scope of this Manual is to provide technical guidance to the Designer regarding key system
elements. This Manual shall be applicable to all Haya Water projects, and shall be read in
conjunction with all Haya Water Technical Specifications, all other documents of any Contract
requirements and/or Particular Specification. Compliance with the contents of Haya Water
Technical Specifications shall be an integral requirement of this document. Any clause in the
Manual which relates to Works or materials not required by any particular Contract shall be deemed
not to apply.

1.3. Objective
i. The objective of this Manual is to ensure that all designs are carried out to a uniform high standard,
in line with Haya Water’s intentions and best international practice. Incorporating the requirements
and criteria of this Manual will ease Haya Water’s technical review and approval process in the
implementation of projects.
ii. This Manual is intended for use by Designers who are knowledgeable and experienced in the
electrical design of wastewater collection, transfer, and treatment processes. The Designer needs
to be fully familiar with the contents of this Manual.
iii. Requirements and criteria included in this Manual are not purported to cover all design conditions.
This Manual is a guide and not meant to preclude the use of experienced engineering judgment for
specific design situations. Designers shall address all necessary aspects for their particular project
in consultation with the Engineer, and any proposed deviations from this Manual must be discussed
and agreed with the Engineer prior to commencement of the Works.

1.4. Distribution/Target Audience

i. This document is issued for use by concerned Haya Water Asset Management and Operations
employees, Designers, Owner Representatives/Engineers, Consultants, and Contractors.

1.5. Definitions
i. Client or Owner: Oman Wastewater Services Company (Haya Water) for whom the Works are to
be undertaken
ii. Owner Representative or Engineer: The firm or company named in the Contract as appointed by
the Client to supervise and administer the Contract
iii. Consultant: The firm or company selected by the Client to prepare the Particular Specification (the
Contract documents) for a given project
iv. Contractor: The company or organisation responsible for the provision of the Works and who have
entered into a Contract with the Client

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v. Designer: Any person carrying out design activities for or on behalf of any of the parties mentioned
above. A person involved in any changes to existing or proposed Works shall be deemed to be a
Designer.
vi. Site: The land allocated for the Works
vii. Project Documents: All documents associated with and applicable to the Contract
viii. Particular Specification: The Specification associated with the Contract and prepared at the time
of the project by the Engineer specifically for that application
ix. Technical definitions related to this manual are to be found in the table below and within the
appropriate technical clauses in the document.

1.6. Abbreviations
AC Alternating Current

BS British Standards

CPC Circuit Protective Conductor

DC Direct Current
HV High Voltage

ICA Instrumentation, Control, and Automation

IEC International Electrotechnical Commission

IET Institution of Engineering and Technology

IP Ingress Protection

ISO International Organisation of Standardisation

LV Low Voltage

MCC Motor Control Centre

MEDCO Muscat Electricity Distribution Company

MV Medium Voltage

OES Oman Electric Standards

PVC Polyvinyl Chloride

SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition

SF6 Sulphur Hexafluoride

UPS Uninterruptible Power Supply

VT Voltage Transformer

XLPE Cross-Linked Polyethylene

Other abbreviations related to this Specification can be found within the appropriate technical
clauses in the document.

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i. Units of Measurement

A Ampere

Hz Hertz

kA Kilo ampere
kg/m Kilogram Per Meter

kV Kilovolt

kVA Kilovolt-Ampere
L/s Liter Per Second

m Meter

m/s Meter Per Second

mm Millimeter

mm2 Square Millimeter

ºC Degree Celsius

s Second

V Volt

Ω Ohm

2. Electrical

2.1. General
i. Power supplies to sewage treatment plants, pumping stations, lifting stations, and vacuum stations
shall be taken from the Muscat Electricity Distribution Company (MEDCO) power grid.
ii. All electrical equipment and installations shall be designed and specified in a safe and applicable
manner all in accordance with the requirements contained in the latest editions and supplements
of the codes and standards issued by the following organisations:
a) Oman Electric Standards (OES)
b) Regulations for electrical installation works by the power company (MEDCO)
c) International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
d) International Organisation of Standardisation (ISO)
e) British Standards (BS) and British Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET) regulations
f) Haya Water Standard Specification
iii. In cases of conflicts between requirements of the above-mentioned regulations or with the
Particular Specification, the most stringent requirements shall prevail. These specific cases shall

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be raised with the Client or its Representatives. The Client's decision shall be final and binding in
this case.
iv. Designs shall be based on failsafe systems.
v. Every precaution shall be taken to ensure a safe shutdown in case of failure of the power supply
and a safe start-up after power has been reinstated.
vi. In engineering and selecting electrical materials and systems, the guiding principle shall be safety,
suitability, reliability, ease of operation, and maintenance.
vii. Power supplies to small stations shall generally be at the standard three-phase voltage (415 V).
For larger stations, it is preferable to obtain power at higher voltage (6.6 kV or 11 kV). Actual supply
voltage shall be confirmed with MEDCO at the commencement of design.
viii. In cases of high voltage (HV) being used, an enclosed switchboard and switchgear room is
necessary.
ix. Transformer facilities shall be provided with a switch for operating/closing the circuit and a breaker
to disconnect fault currents.
x. Auxiliary or emergency power facilities shall be provided to maintain operation in case of electricity
breakdown. Usually, a diesel-driven generator shall be used subject to the Client’s confirmation.
xi. Electrical designs shall be drawn on single-line diagrams showing power system, switchgear,
protective devices, feeder panels, and wiring and motor controller diagrams.
xii. The design philosophy for electrical power distribution shall consider:
a) Person and plant safety
b) Maximum reliability
c) Stability under operating conditions
d) Maintenance
e) Flexibility of operation
f) Cost
xiii. All equipment shall have a minimum design life of 15 years unless stated otherwise below:

Transformers 30
LV switchgear 20
Cables 50
Motor starters 15
Electric motors 20
Batteries 15
UPS Equipment 20

2.2. Codes and Standards

i. The current revisions of the following relevant standards shall be used, but not limited to,:

BS EN 60079 Explosive atmospheres

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BS EN 60529 Specification for degrees of protection provided by enclosures

(Ingress Protection (IP) code)
BS EN 60076 Power transformers

BS EN 60085 Electrical insulation, thermal evaluation, and designation

BS EN 60214 Tap-changers

BS 148 Reclaimed mineral insulating oil for transformers and switchgear

BS 88 Low-voltage (LV) fuses

BS EN 60255 Measuring relays and protection equipment

BS EN 61439 LV switchgear and control-gear assemblies

BS EN 60127 Miniature fuses

BS EN 60269 LV fuses

BS EN 61936 Power installations exceeding 1 kV alternating current (AC)

BS EN 50522 Earthing of power installations exceeding 1 kV AC

BS EN 60044 Instrument transformers

IEC 60947 LV switchgear and control-gear

IEC 60051 Direct acting indicating analogue electrical measuring instruments

and their accessories

BS 5685 Electricity meters

BS 6231 Electric cables

BS EN 60282 HV fuses

BS EN 62271 HV switchgear and control-gear

BS EN ISO 13850 Safety of machinery

BS EN 61000 Electromagnetic compatibility

BS ISO 7010 Graphical symbols. Safety colours and safety signs

BS 7430 Code of practice for protective earthing of electrical installations

BS 7671: Seventeenth Requirements for electrical installations
edition

BS EN 60204 Safety of machinery

BS EN 60073 Basic and safety principles for human machine interface, marking,
and identification

BS EN 60034 Rotating electrical machines

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BS EN 50347 General purpose three-phase induction motors having standard

dimensions and outputs
BS 5000 Specification for rotating electrical machines of particular types or
for particular applications
BS EN 50209 Test of insulation of bars and coils of HV machines

BS 4999 General requirements for rotating electrical machines.

Specification for winding terminations

BS 7870 LV and medium-voltage (MV) polymeric insulated cables for use

by distribution and generation utilities
BS EN 60811 Electric and optical fibre cables. Test methods for non-metallic
materials

BS EN 13602 Copper and copper alloys

BS 5467 Electric cables. Thermosetting insulated, armoured cables for

voltages of 600/1,000 V and 1,900/3,300 V

BS 7889 Electric cables. Thermosetting insulated, non-armoured cables

with a voltage of 600/1,000 V, for fixed installations

BS 6004 Electric cables. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) insulated and PVC

sheathed cables for voltages up to and including 300/500 V, for
electric power and lighting

BS EN 50525 Electric cables. LV energy cables of rated voltages up to and

including 450/750 V (U0/U)

BS 6883 Elastomer-insulated cables for fixed wiring in ships and on mobile

and fixed offshore units. Requirements and test methods
BS 7211 Electric cables. Thermosetting insulated and thermoplastic-
sheathed cables for voltages up to and including 450/750 V for
electric power and lighting and having low emission of smoke and
corrosive gases when affected by fire

IEC 60702 Mineral-insulated cables and their terminations with a rated

voltage not exceeding 750 V.
BS 7655 Specification for insulating and sheathing materials for cables

BS EN 50363 Insulating, sheathing, and covering materials for LV energy cables

BS 6387 Specification for performance requirements for cables required to

maintain circuit integrity under fire conditions
BS EN 50288 Multi-element metallic cables used in analogue and digital
communication and control. Sectional Specification for
instrumentation and control cables
BS 6910 Cold pour resin compound and heat-shrink cable joints in the
voltage range up to 1,000 V AC and 1500 V direct current (DC).
Code of practice for on-site installation

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BS 7933 Electric cables. Accessories. Material characterization.

Fingerprinting and type tests for heat shrinkable components for
LV applications

BS EN 50393 Test methods and requirements for accessories for use on

distribution cables of rated voltage 0.6/1.0 (1.2) kV
BS 4660 Thermoplastics ancillary fittings of nominal sizes 110 and 160 for
below-ground gravity drainage and sewerage

BS EN 13598 Plastic piping systems for non-pressure underground drainage and

sewerage
BS EN 10346 Continuously hot-dip coated steel flat products

BS EN 50085 Cable trunking systems and cable ducting systems for electrical
installations
BS 4678 Cable trunking

BS 4568 Specification for steel conduit and fittings with metric threads of
ISO form for electrical installations

BS EN 61386 Conduit systems for cable management

BS 4607 Non-metallic conduits and fittings for electrical installations

PD 5304 Guidance on safe use of machinery

BS ISO 3046 Reciprocating internal combustion engines

BS EN 60146 Semiconductor converters

BS EN 55014 Electromagnetic compatibility

IEC 60188 High-pressure mercury vapour lamps

BS EN 62035 Discharge lamps (excluding fluorescent lamps)

BS EN 60598 Luminaires
BS EN 60570 Electrical supply track systems for luminaires

BS EN 13032 Light and lighting. Measurement and presentation of photometric

data of lamps and luminaires. Measurement and file format

BS EN 60400 Lamp holders for tubular fluorescent lamps and starter holders
BS EN 60081 Double-capped fluorescent lamps

BS EN 60238 Edison screw lamp holders

BS EN 60662 High-pressure sodium vapour lamps

BS EN 61167 Metal halide lamps. Performance specification

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BS EN 61347 Lamp control gear. Particular requirements for alternating current

and/or direct current supplied electronic control gear for
fluorescent lamps

BS 5266 Emergency lighting

BS EN 1838 Lighting applications

BS EN 50172 Emergency escape lighting systems

BS 1363 13 A plugs, socket outlets, adaptors, and connection units.

Specification for re-wirable and non-re-wirable 13-A fused plugs
BS EN 60335 Household and similar electrical appliances

BS EN 60669 Switches for household and similar fixed-electrical installations

BS 4177 Specification for cooker control units

IEC 60309 Plugs, socket outlets, and couplers for industrial purposes

BS 4662 Boxes for flush mounting of electrical accessories

BS 5733 General requirements for electrical accessories

BS 67 Specification for ceiling roses

BS 1362 Specification for general purpose fuse links for domestic and
similar purposes (primarily for use in plugs)
BS EN 62305 Protection against lightning

2.3. Service Conditions

i. The following service conditions shall apply for the design and selection of equipment:
a) Recorded extreme site ambient temperature: +5 ºC to +55 ºC
b) Height above sea level: 0 to 2,000 m
c) Relative humidity:
 Highest: 100 percent
 Lowest: 15 percent
d) Equipment and material shall be suitable for installation in coastal industrial plant where the
atmosphere is subject to dust storms and corrosive atmospheres.
e) Mean annual rain fall: 10 mm
f) Daily average wind speed: 4 to 5 m/s with solar and high ultraviolet radiations expected
g) Equipment seismic requirements shall comply with Omani regulations.

2.4. System Voltages and Frequencies

i. Nominal voltages used on plant shall be:
a) High-voltage power and distribution:

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 33 kV, 11 kV, 6.6 kV, 3.3 kV, 3 phases, 50 Hz

b) Low-voltage power and distribution:
 415 V, 240 V, 50 Hz, neutral solidly earthed
ii. Voltage and frequency variations shall be:
a) Voltage: ±10 percent
b) Frequency: ±1 Hz

33 kV 11 kV 415 V

Rated service voltage (kV) 33 11 415/240

Highest voltage (kV) 36 12.5 -

Phases 3 3 3

Frequency (Hz) 50 50 50

Design fault level (kA) 25/3 s 18.4 s 40/1 s

Earthing system Earthed through Solidly earthed Solidly earthed
12.5-Ω resistor

iii. Low-voltage switchgear closing and tripping supplies shall be:

a) 110 V DC
iv. High-voltage switchgear closing and tripping supplies shall be:
a) 110 V, 30 V DC – to MEDCO approval
v. Outputs of each uninterruptible power supply (UPS) and bypass transformer shall be in accordance
with the instrumentation, control, and automation (ICA) requirements of the project with the
possibility of 220 V AC/110 V AC/24 V DC supplies with neutral solidly earthed.
vi. Short circuit ratings (making, breaking and withstand as applicable) of electrical equipment shall,
in addition to compliance with above levels, be based on the results obtained in a short circuit study.
Maximum short circuit levels shall be calculated by considering the worst case scenario.
vii. Power factor correction shall be provided at MEDC (Muscat Electricity Distribution Company)
connection points to improve, control and maintain the overall power factor of the plant/equipment
between 0.93 lagging and unity.
viii. 11.5 kV capacitor banks for power factor correction shall be housed in metal-clad outdoor cubicles
with a separate cubicle to accommodate the incoming 3 three-core 11-kV cables, 11-kV off-load
isolator and 11-kV voltage transformer. Further details are available in Technical Standard
Specification – Electrical Section 15 – Power Factor Correction and Harmonic Filters (AM-ENG-
SS-04-15).
ix. Suitable harmonic corrective devices, if required, shall be designed, sized, and installed to reduce
the total harmonic distortion to within 5 percent.
x. Total harmonic distortion of voltages at point of common couplings with MEDCO shall comply with:
a) IEEE 519-1992: Recommended practices and requirements for harmonic control in electrical
power systems

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b) Engineering Recommendation G5/4-1: Planning levels for harmonic voltage distortion and
connection of non-linear equipment to transmission and distribution networks in the U.K.

2.5. Classifications of Electrical Loads

i. Electrical loads shall be classified according to the service they perform.
2.5.1. Vital or Critical
i. Vital or Critical load is one which can cause an unsafe condition to installations, jeopardise life, or
cause major damage to installations when failing in operation or when failing when called upon.
ii. Depending on service conditions, electrical supplies to vital or critical services shall be non-
interruptible. Since faultless functioning of equipment cannot be guaranteed, duplication of sources
of power supply and redundancy of equipment shall be incorporated.
iii. Examples of Vital/Critical loads include emergency/escape lighting and discrete control systems.
2.5.2. Essential Load
i. Essential load is one which can affect the continuity of operation if the quality or the quantity of the
supply fails in operation or when called upon. The economics of partial or complete duplication of
energy source of the lines of supply or of the equipment or the introduction of automatic restarting
facilities or of changeover facilities or provision of standby energy source shall be evaluated in
relation to consequences of load interruptions.
ii. Examples of essential load include process equipment which, to comply, may be supplied by
means of a duplicate supply system with changeover facility power supply to plant lighting.
2.5.3. Non-Essential Load
i. Non-essential load is a load that is neither Vital/Critical nor Essential and, therefore, does not
require safeguarding. Examples include normal lighting and small power.

2.6. Integrated Power monitoring and control systems (IPMCS)

i. IPMCS shall be used to control medium voltage (MV) and low-voltage (LV) systems on an electrical
network. They will give operators essential information to keep a plant running, and help plant
engineers reduce a plant’s energy consumption. Coordinated control features can be used to
manage the electrical network, demand/response, loads, and generators.
ii. IPMCSs shall also track real-time power conditions, assess power quality and reliability, and help
operators respond quickly to alarms to avoid crisis situations. Plant engineers can use IPMCSs to
study power usage trends to identify idle capacity or wasted energy, or to evaluate energy efficiency
improvements.

2.7. Electrical Load Schedule

i. Electrical load schedules shall form the basis for provision of the necessary electrical distribution
system capacity.

2.8. HV Switchgear
i. As appropriate to the power loading to be provided, the facility shall be designed to receive power
at the voltage agreed with MEDCO. Incoming switchboards shall specifically comply with the
requirements of MEDCO and the general guidance given below:

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2.8.1. 33-kV Switchgear

i. Switchboards shall comply with the criteria for indoor, metal clad, air-insulated switchgear
according to IEC 62271-200.
ii. The switchboard shall be equipped with vacuum circuit breakers or sulphur hexafluoride (SF6)
circuit breakers.
iii. VTs shall not block access to HV cables or any other critical part of cubicle. Cable earthing switches
shall be included with full making capacity for peak current corresponding to the design short-time
rating.
iv. The Contractor shall liaise with MEDC regarding provision of the electrical supply from the
commencement of the project to ensure the power supply is available for the plant to meet the
target program and ensure that progress is made for receiving power without delay.
v. The 33 KV power supply to the STP site shall be fed from 2 independent dedicated MEDC 33kV
feeders each having 100% capacities. The Contractor shall provide the necessary feeder breakers
in the primary substation as per the instructions from MEDC.
vi.
2.8.2. 11-kV Switchgear
i. Switchboards shall comply with criteria for indoor, metal clad, air-insulated switchgear according to
IEC 62271-200.
ii. VTs shall not block access to HV cables or any other critical part of cubicle. Cable earthing switches
shall be included with full making capacity for peak current corresponding to the design short-time
rating.
iii. Cable termination heights shall be 450 mm without any cable pan protruding into cable trenches,
to avoid unforeseen flooding in a storm-like condition.
iv. The Contractor shall liaise with MEDC regarding provision of the electrical supply from the
commencement of the project to ensure the power supply is available for the plant to meet the
target program and ensure that progress is made for receiving power without delay.
v. The 11 KV power supply to the STP site shall be fed from 2 independent dedicated MEDC 11kV
feeders each having 100% capacities. The Contractor shall provide the necessary feeder breakers
in the primary substation as per the instructions from MEDC.

vi. Standby Diesel Generators (DG) shall be installed to cater the load of the plant in the event of a
supply failure. The DG set should be sized for 100% of Plant Loads. The plant loads shall be
assessed by the Contractor and shall be approved by the Project Manager.
vii. The electrical system shall be designed to handle 50% loads by each incomer and in case either
incomer fails the other should take & feed the full load (100%) without interruption. In case of both
the incomer failure the DG set shall be started & feed the critical loads automatically through critical
bus section. On restoring of normal power DG shall stop automatically & power shall be switched
on to normal incomers automatically.
viii. Contractor shall be fully responsible for defining the 11KV power supply route from the MEDC
primary substation to the project and obtaining all necessary permits and approvals required.
ix. The contractor shall obtain the services of MEDC approved sub-contractors only in the execution
of all electrical works.
x. Size and Short circuit of the 11kV switchboard shall consider the short circuit requirement of the
MEDC 33kV and 11kV System.

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xi. Before proceeding with the purchase and installation of the cables and associated equipment,
Contractor shall take into account all factors including climatic and soil conditions of the Site, short
circuit levels, motor starting currents, permissible voltage drops cable length, proximity to other
cables and to high temperature equipment etc, in order to determine the cross sectional area of
cables.
xii. Straight through jointing of cable lengths shall not normally be permitted for lengths below
1000meters in LV cables and 500 meters in HV cables.
2.8.3. 11-kV SF6-Type Ring Main Units
i. Switchgear shall be suitable for outdoor installations with the following IP levels:
a) Insulating medium envelope not less than IP65
Switchgear exterior housing not less than IP54 (main door shut)
ii. Switchgear shall be suitable for 21 kA for 3-s short-time withstand current at 13.8 kV rated voltage.
iii. Cast-resin enclosures and switchgear housings shall have designs such that in the event of an
internal arc fault, the operator shall be safe. This shall be in accordance with IEC 62271-200 Annex
A.
iv. Ring main units shall be of SF6 type only and shall not have mix of two mediums. The medium of
voltage insulation and arc quenching shall be SF6 only. They shall employ an SF6 circuit breaker
operated by a self-powered electronic protection device for the transformer. Switch fuse units shall
not be acceptable.

2.9. Power Transformers

i. Transformer kVA and voltage ratings shall comply with the preferred values of the standards
specified. Unless otherwise specifically stated to the contrary, the rated kVA shall be based on
natural air cooling. Voltage insulation of windings shall be suitable for unearthed systems.
ii. Liquid immersed transformers of ratings higher than 500 kVA shall have provisions for increasing
their rated kVA by the use of fans. Fan cooling kVA ratings shall not be less than the following
percentage of the natural air-cooled ratings in accordance with IEC 60354.

Naturally Cooled kVA Fan-Cooled Ratings

500 – 2,499 115%

2,500 – 10,000 125%

Above 10,000 133%

iii. Transformer windings shall have externally operated off-circuit tap changing with a range of
+5 percent to -5 percent in steps of 2.5 percent with clearly marked position indicator. Locking
facilities shall be provided such that the lock can be inserted only when the switch is on a definite
tap.
iv. Transformers for sewage treatment plants shall have a backup of 100 percent standby transformers
for power distribution. In the normal operation of the plant, transformers shall share the loads. In
the event of transformer failure, the other transformers shall be able to take the full load of the plant.
v. Where redundancy in the number of transformers at pumping stations is provided by generators,
the transformer rating shall be a minimum of 8-hour maximum demand plus 10 percent margin for
future load addition.

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vi. Unless otherwise specified, oil-immersed transformers shall be used for outdoor installation, whilst
dry-type transformers shall be used for indoor type of installation. The use of dry-type transformers
shall only be under the approval of the Client.
vii. The IP rating of transformers shall be IP 65.

2.10. Substations
Unless space is restricted, substations shall be separate outdoor free-standing structures designed
to house the incoming HV switchboard, transformers, and plant feeder switchboard in separate
rooms all to the approval of MEDCO and the Civil Defence.
i. The substations shall have adequate capacity to meet the required load with 20% spare capacity.
The Contractor shall standardize the sizes of the transformers in all substations unless the detailed
design demonstrates to the approval of the Project Manager that there is a more appropriate
configuration.
ii. Substation locations shall be carefully considered with regard to achieving close proximity to plant
load centres and to avoid low spots which may be subject to flooding during storms.
iii. Unrestricted hard access for mobile cranes to facilitate replacement of the equipment shall be
provided.
iv. Room dividing walls shall be constructed from reinforced concrete designed for blast retaining.
v. Substation buildings shall be without any columns within the switchgear room to ensure optimum
space utilisation, unless otherwise specified.
vi. Switchgear rooms shall be fully enclosed complete with double-leaf access doors sized to allow
replacement of a single largest switchboard unit and a single personnel access door. Door
arrangements shall be designed to allow ease of escape in the event of an emergency.
vii. Access ramps to plant access doors and steps to personnel access doors shall be provided.
viii. Adequate ventilation and lighting shall be provided. Transformer rooms shall be naturally ventilated
with minimum two-side ventilation or by means of ventilation fans.
ix. Rooms with UPS systems and other power electronic equipment such as variable frequency drive
panels, battery chargers, programmable logic controllers, and other control panels with heat-
sensitive equipment shall be located in air-conditioned rooms.
x. Transformer bays can be roofless.
xi. Floor levels shall be raised no less than 400 mm above the surrounding ground level.
xii. Generally, cable trenches shall be provided to allow buried cable access to the substation.
xiii. The design and requirements of fire-fighting systems and equipment for all electrical rooms and
substations shall be in accordance with the Technical Standard Specification – Mechanical Section
8 – Firefighting System (AM-ENG-SS-03-08), and complying with the stated requirements of
MEDCO and the Civil Defence.
xiv. Rubber mats shall be provided in front of factory-built assemblies (HV and LV switchboards and
motor control centre (MCC)) and extending the full length plus 1m of the factory-built assemblies.
Mats shall at least be 1.2-m wide and the thickness shall be minimum 15 mm. Mats shall be
minimum 1,000 V grade-tested and with non-slip finish. Rubber mats shall be specifically
manufactured for electrical purpose to BS 921. They shall be made of solid natural or synthetic
rubber-insulating materials.

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xv. Site safety and maintenance considerations shall be taken into account during the design of the
substations and switchgear rooms. The following considerations shall be followed and provided:

Front clearance for HV switchgear 2,500 mm

Front clearance for LV switchgear 2,000 mm

Rear clearance for HV switchgear 1,500 mm

Rear clearance for LV switchgear 1,000 mm

Rear clearance for panels having maintenance access <200 mm

from front only
Clearance between equipment ends and wall (after 1,000 mm
allowing provision for future extension)

All-around clearance for transformers 1,000 mm

Clearance between two transformers not having firewall 2,000 mm
between them

All-around clearance for battery banks 1,000 mm

Front clearance for wall-mounted equipment 1,000 mm

xvi. Clear paths of not less than 500 mm shall be provided in front of all factory-built assemblies when
cubicle doors are fully opened, to provide unobstructed exit routes.
xvii. Sufficient space shall be provided to allow cubicle doors to open fully without fouling other items or
equipment or other open doors.
xviii. Portable fire extinguishers and blankets shall be provided inside each separate room of the
substation.
xix. Rooms containing gas-insulated switchgear shall be provided with gas detection and alarm system.
xx. Substation electrical rooms shall be provided with the following (as minimum):
a) Framed single-line diagrams
b) First aid kit and instruction plate
c) Emergency exit signs
d) No smoking sign
e) Drawing rack
f) Tools and spares cabinet
g) Key box
h) White board
i) Telephone

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2.11. Battery Units

i. Batteries and chargers shall be housed in single, sheet steel, floor-mounted and ventilated cabinets
with batteries housed in the lower part of the cubicle. Battery chargers shall conform to the relevant
OES standards.
ii. Batteries shall be rated to fulfil load requirement up to an operating temperature of 50°C. When
determining the size of batteries, temperature correction factors and ageing factors shall be duly
considered in accordance with the latest codes and standards.
iii. Batteries shall be 24 V, 30 V or 110 V DC and of suitable ampere-hour capacity to operate the
closing and tripping coils motor of the circuit breakers. Dual-duty batteries (that is, for engine
starting and for tripping circuit breakers) shall not be acceptable.
iv. Batteries shall be located in a suitably conditioned environment in dedicated battery rooms,
separate from the UPS units but located as close as possible to it.
v. Battery autonomy times are as detailed below:
a) Escape lighting - general process/plant areas, 1 hour
b) Escape lighting - corridor and stairs, common rooms/spaces, canteen, recreational areas, 1
hour
c) Switchgear protection, trip/close and control, 1 hour
d) UPS for fire, gas, telecom, closed-circuit television, and instrumentation, as specified in the ICA
Specification

2.12. Power Factor Correction Equipment

i. The power factor correction equipment shall include capacitors, protective devices, contactors,
control relays, current transformers, cabinet, cables, cable glands, trunkings, control wirings,
necessary accessories, etc. Blocking filter shall also be included to suppress harmonic and inrush
currents.
ii. Additional and specific requirements for the equipment shall be given in the Particular
Specifications, the Drawings or other documents issued by the Engineer.
iii. Requirements of the Components:
a) Capacitor Units
 The capacitors shall be of low loss dry-type, metallized polypropylene (MPP) film type
with self-healing properties and fitted in a sheet steel plate enclosure filled with non-
inflammable medium.
 The capacitor units shall be hermetically sealed and manufactured from continuous metal
foil and low loss high quality dielectric material. The total capacitor losses shall not
exceed 0.5 Watt per kVAr.
 The capacitors shall comply with the requirement of IEC 60831 and IEC 60070. The
capacitors shall be provided with directly connected discharge resistors which shall
reduce the residual voltage from the rated peak alternating voltage to 75V or less
measured at the capacitor bank terminals within 3 minutes after disconnection from the
source of supply.
 The discharge resistors shall be protected by an insulating cover.
 The capacitor shall have the following characteristics: -

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 Ambient temperature range: 5 oC to + 50 oC

 Residual voltage at Energization: < 10% of rated voltage
b) Protection Units
 The capacitor units shall be fed by fuse-switch or MCCB for protection against high fault
currents. Besides, an overpressure disconnection device for protection against low fault
currents shall be provided. H.R.C fuses and MCCB shall comply with the requirement of
IEC 60269 and IEC 60947-2 respectively.
c) Control Relays
The capacitors in each bank shall be controlled by an automatic multi-step capacitor control
relay capable of switching the appropriate amount of capacitors “IN” or “OUT” so as to
achieve the best average power factor. A no-volt resetting feature shall be incorporated to
ensure that, in the event of power interruption lasting for a period over 50ms, all capacitors
involved shall be disconnected from the L.V. installation and reconnected in accordance with
the aforementioned arrangement upon supply resumption.

2.13. 415-V Switchgear and Motor Control Centres

i. 415-V switchgear and MCCs shall be installed for the operation and monitoring of pumps and other
items of electrically driven plant. Discharge pressure, flow, and pump motor status shall be
indicated.
ii. Sensors and alarms shall be provided to indicate overheating of pump motors or equipment. In all
cases, a remote control system using telemetry/supervisory control and data acquisition
(SCADA/IPCMS) techniques shall be considered.
iii. Individual motor start feeders shall be provided with intelligent units capable of:
a) Monitoring all power parameters
b) Controlling the feeder locally, remotely with hardwired signals, and remotely through
communication soft links
c) Protecting feeders against various current faults and voltage abnormalities
d) Displaying all parameters and storing the last five faults for further analysis. It shall be possible
to store starting characteristics in the units and to compare these with the last start curve for
analysis.
e) These units shall be configurable for controlling the feeders from local/remote and auto/manual
positions as desired during operation.
f) Units shall be password-protected to avoid changes in settings by any unauthorised persons.
iv. Complete systems shall be provided for monitoring and controlling pumps from a central location.
All intelligent units in individual starter feeders shall be connected to this system. The system shall
be dual redundant ensuring that breaks at any one point does not affect performance of the system.
v. Generally, MCCs shall be arranged for bottom entry and housed in a separate air-conditioned room
located in close proximity to the largest motors served from the MCC. Top entry arrangement shall
only be used with the prior approval of the Client.
vi. MCC rooms shall be complete with access doors sized to allow replacement of any single panel
unit and for personnel access. Door arrangements shall be designed to allow ease of escape in the
event of an emergency.

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vii. Back-to-back design of LV switchgear shall only be provided when floor space is restricted and with
the prior approval of the Client.
viii. The rating of bus ducts connected to breakers shall have the same continuous and short circuit
rating as that of the breakers. Similarly, bus ducts connected to two bus sections shall have the
same continuous and short circuit rating as that of the main bus bars.
ix. Twenty percent un-equipped spare cubicle space shall be provided for future use in both LV
switchgear and MCCs. A space is defined as the part of the fixed installation ready to accommodate
a draw-out unit. The fixed part shall be completely punched, drilled, tapped, and/or otherwise
prepared to accommodate any of the various types of units.
x. Low-voltage switchgear, MCCs and sub-main distribution boards for use in indoor installations shall
be manufactured providing an enclosure to IP 54. For areas where high corrosion levels are
expected, the final IP rating shall be subject to the approval of the Client.
xi. For most applications, variable speed drives shall be used as specified by the process
requirements. The selection of variable frequency drives shall be subject to the approval of the
Client and the agreement of MEDCO. In cases where the need to reduce motor starting currents
according to the limits specified by the MEDCO is essential, soft starters and variable frequency
drives shall be used regardless of the process or mechanical requirements.
xii. In case variable speed drives are proposed for the purpose of energy saving, the Contractor shall
consider the “whole life cost” of the options proposed. The Contractor should also obtain/provide
the future maintenance/renewal costs of the variable speed drives to justify the selection and
payback associated with that as part of their design submission to facilitate this “whole life cost “
analysis by Haya in the future.
xiii. Ratings of the circuit breakers, contactors, and switches shall be strictly in accordance with IEC
60947.

2.14. Cables and Wires

i. Reference is made to the latest editions of the following publications:
a) Guide to the selection of high-voltage cables: IEC 183
b) Conductors of insulated cables: IEC 228
c) Rubber-insulated cables of rated voltage up to and including 450/750 V: IEC 245
d) Calculation of the continuous current rating of cables (100 percent load factor): IEC 287
ii. Cables may be run underground or aboveground, however, preference shall be given to
underground cabling for its inherent protection against fire hazards and mechanical damage.
iii. When designing cable networks, the cable types and their sizes shall be determined corresponding
to the required duties and loads, in particular, taking into account the following:
a) Possibility of soil contamination chemical attack. This shall not only affect the choice of cable
routings and the kind of installation (aboveground or underground), but also the cable types.
b) Voltage drop and short-circuit level
c) Heat dissipation aspects, such as maximum soil conductivity, cable grouping and depth of
laying to prevent the occurrence of excessive insulation temperatures for each cable.
iv. Cable sizing shall consider a maximum voltage drop from the main switchgear board to any point
in the installation of 2.5 percent of the rated service voltage when all conductors in the installation
are carrying the maximum current.

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v. Sizing of cables for specific loads shall be based on their nameplate ratings; those for distribution
shall be sized in accordance with the loads.
vi. The maximum conductor sizes for multi-core LV power and control cables shall be 300 mm².
vii. At an early stage of the area plot plan development, reservation of appropriate routings and
adequate space for underground or aboveground (or both) cable installations shall be made in
cooperation with the other engineering disciplines.
viii. To this end, a dimensional cable routing plan shall be prepared, indicating adjacent facilities such
as drainage, sewerage, pipe tracks, concrete foundations, and instrument cable routings.
ix. Wires in conduits shall be allowed for indoor lighting installations in utility buildings and in safe
areas such as offices, messes, toilets and locker rooms. Cables in ducts shall also be allowed in
large buildings. Main cable routes shall be logical, such as alongside the roads and outside the
routing of heavy transport.
x. Underground cable routes shall be designed to avoid close pipe crossings and close parallel runs
with underground pipelines; a distance of at least 30 cm between cable and pipe (including
insulation) shall be maintained.
xi. Power cable routes running alongside instrument cable routes shall have appropriate separation in
accordance with OES requirements.
xii. Underground cables shall be buried directly in the ground at a depth of minimum 90 cm for HV
cables and 60 cm for LV cables. Single-core cables pertaining to one three-phase circuit shall be
laid together, separated from multi-core cables.
xiii. Instrument and telecommunication cables shall not be laid in trenches used for HV or LV (or both)
cables.
xiv. For reasons of electromagnetic compatibility and safety the minimum segregation between cables
of different classifications and other non-electrical services shall comply with IEC requirements and
the table in Technical Standard Specification – Electrical Section 12 – General Electrical Installation
(AM-ENG-SS-04-12).
xv. High-voltage cables shall be laid in the same trench with LV cables, but shall then be separated
by means of a continuous row of concrete cable tiles placed vertically between the two types of
cable or by any other suitable barrier. All cables shall be covered by concrete tiles or PVC tiles.
The distance between LV and HV cables shall be at least 30 cm. Detectable marker tape shall be
buried directly above the cables to provide adequate warning of their location.
xvi. Aboveground cables shall be supported by cable racks, trays, or cable ladders all the way up to
their terminations. Where necessary, particularly on vertical runs, cables shall be fixed to the tray
by straps. Cable trays shall be galvanised sheet of 1.25 mm and suitable for a load of at least 250
kg/m at a distance between the supports of 1.2 m.
xvii. Once all cables have been installed on trays, a 20 percent spare capacity shall be maintained
without double-banking of cables.
xviii. Ducts shall have 40 percent of their filling capacity spare.
xix. Cable duct pits shall be provided at each change in direction and, in any case, at distances not
exceeding 30 m.
xx. Cable trays in highly corrosive areas including screens and inlet work areas shall be heavy-duty
glass-reinforced plastic or PVC-type capable of withstanding up to 60°C and complying with
IEC 61537.
xxi. Individual cables shall be fixed directly to the main structures, walls, ceilings, or columns by means
of proper fixing and supporting materials. All materials used shall be protected against corrosion.

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xxii. Bends and corners in racks, trays, or ladders shall allow for the minimum cable bending radius.
xxiii. Cable trays shall be closed by removable top covers allowing adequate ventilation in the following
situations:
a) In the pump house
b) Where mechanical damage of the cables is likely to occur during maintenance activities
c) Where oil or chemical spillages on the trays can be expected
d) Where sun shielding is required
xxiv. Cables on racks or trays may be bunched in layers when the thermal de-rating factor is not affected
(e.g. lighting or control cables or where voltage drop considerations are the overriding factors for
de-rating).
xxv. HV cables shall be installed separately from the LV cables at a distance of 30 cm. Multi-core cables
shall have preference over single-core cables.
xxvi. Single-core cables are preferred on short runs, such as generator and transformer secondary
cables, or on long runs in the case of extremely high current ratings where two parallel cables of 3
x 240 mm² would not suffice.
xxvii. All power, lighting, control, and earth cables shall have copper conductors.
xxviii. Three-core HV cables shall be of the cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) insulated single galvanised
steel wire armoured and PVC over sheathed type.
xxix. Twin-core and multi-core power lighting and control cable of 600 V/1,000 V or 750 V grade shall
be of XLPE-insulated, steel wire armoured or braided type. These cables shall be used for both
above-ground and under-ground installations. Lead-sheathed cables are required for under-ground
installations in those areas where subsoil conditions are liable to be severely contaminated by
hydrocarbons or solvents, or both.
xxx. Single-core cables for above-ground connections of transformers with LV switchgear panels shall
be of the XLPE-insulated, PVC-sheathed type.
xxxi. Earth cables, both underground and aboveground, shall be PVC-covered as a protection against
electrolytic corrosion.

2.15. Emergency Power Supplies

i. Provision shall be made for emergency power at sewage treatment plants, main pumping stations,
and lifting stations. Emergency generators shall be suitably selected to cater for the complete load
requirements of essential loads. Provision shall be made for future extensibility. Systems shall be
designed such that generators shall feed only essential power and all other nonessential power
feeders shall be switched off before generator comes online.
ii. Sewage treatment plants and main pumping stations shall be provided with fixed diesel generators.
Small pumping stations and lifting stations with required emergency load less than 200 kVA shall
be equipped with plug-in facilities in the MCCs for connection of a mobile generator set, unless
otherwise specified.
iii. In general, plug-in facilities for standby generators and hard-standing for portable generators shall
be provided for network sewage pumping stations of the wet well submersible type with no
screening facilities which either:
a) Have a design flow < 2,000 L/s and do NOT pump directly to the sewage treatment works
b) Have a design flow < 500 L/s and DO pump directly to the sewage treatment works

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iv. Permanent standby generators shall be provided for principal sewage pumping stations of the dry
well end suction type with screening facilities which either:
a) Have a design flow ≥ 2,000 L/s and do NOT pump directly to the sewage treatment works
b) Have a design flow ≥ 500 L/s and DO pump directly to the sewage treatment works
v. In general, either permanent standby generators or full flow gravity overflows shall be provided for
network treated sewage effluent pumping stations. However, provision of emergency power shall
be decided on case by case basis taking into account the following criteria to the Engineer’s
approval:
a) Storage availability
b) Customer’s needs
c) Environmental clearance for flooding
d) Disposal issues of overflow
vi. Vacuum stations shall be equipped with fixed diesel generator sets.
vii. In locations where mobile generators cannot be transported to the required location within the
required time to avoid flooding in accordance with the process requirements, permanent standby
generators shall be provided to the approval of the Client.
viii. Vacuum stations shall be fed from independent sources of power supply.
ix. Generators shall be switched ON automatically when all grid generators are switched OFF on
under-voltage and no fault exists on the load side. Generators shall not be paralleled with any grid
supply breaker at any time.
x. Once grid supplies are healthy, generators shall cut off and grid incomers shall feed the system.
All necessary interlocks shall be provided to ensure safe operations. Voltage sensing relays and
timers shall be provided in accordance with the operational philosophy described above.
xi. Both mechanical and electrical interlocks shall be provided as a minimum for any source transfer
systems between any two panel incoming supplies. Electrical interlocks alone shall not be
acceptable.
xii. Static generator sets shall be located in generator rooms that are designated and adequately
vented strictly in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations or in compounds as agreed
with the Client. In all cases, generator sets shall be provided with acoustic enclosures and silencers
to make them suitable for reduced noise transmission for residential locations.
xiii. Fuel storage suitable for no less than 24-hour continuous running shall be provided for generator
sets.
xiv. Emergency generators shall feed the following loads:
a) Essential electrical loads necessary for safe plant shutdown
b) Critical loads required for personnel safety
c) Instruments and communication equipment as specified in the ICA Standard Specification
d) Fire and gas detection system
e) Fire-fighting equipment
f) Other loads in accordance with the Specification
xv. Generators shall be sized to have 20 percent spare capacity for future. Sizing of generators shall
consider motor starting requirements and emergency loads.

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xvi. With respect to sudden increase in load, the DG shall also be capable of starting the largest single
connected load while all other loads are connected and maintain transient voltage variations within
specified limits.
xvii. The Generator shall be sized for a minimum base load of 30% of the Generator capacity.
xviii. Facilities shall be provided to enable full load test of emergency generators during normal plant
operation. Where parallel operation is required, all necessary synchronising facilities shall be
provided.
xix. Any power factor correction shall be disconnected automatically on connection of any standby
generation as a supply.
xx. Uninterruptible power supplies shall be provided for equipment which does not have intrinsic
back-up from a loss of power and where loss of power would cause:
a) An unacceptable level of corruption of important electronically stored data.
b) A disruption to the process control programs resulting in an unacceptable loss of control of the
works process or an unacceptable works process outage.
xxi. UPS systems shall have at least 10 percent spare capacity for future load growth.
xxii. UPS system battery chargers and other control panels with heat-sensitive equipment shall be
located in air-conditioned rooms.
xxiii. DC UPS systems shall be provided to feed the following:
a) Switchgear control
b) Telephone system
c) Fire alarm system
d) Communication equipment
xxiv. DC distribution boards shall have at least 20 percent spare outgoing feeders.
xxv. A design margin of 20 percent for future requirement shall be considered in deciding the total
capacity. Aging factor shall also be considered suitably in accordance with the latest codes and
standards.
xxvi. Generator rooms must be large enough to enable repairs. Access doors must be large enough to
permit removal and replacement of the generator without having to dismantle the generator in any
way.
xxvii. The generator shall be run for several hours while the building is in use and occupied; therefore,
the generator must be properly exhausted and sound-proofed so as not to interfere with the
building's usage.
xxviii. Overhead lighting, on an emergency circuit, is required in the generator room or within the weather
protected enclosure while the generator is operational.

2.16. Plant Alarm Systems

i. The entire workplace shall be equipped with alarm systems to ensure that:
a) Alarms related to security of the plant shall provide access to various areas to authorised
persons only.
b) A safe working environment is provided for all staff.

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ii. Closed-circuit television and/or door locking arrangements with password-protected operation shall
be provided at entries and important areas.
iii. Utmost care shall be taken to ensure process-related alarms for monitoring and alarming various
harmful gas/liquid levels, which could be dangerous to human life are, provided.
iv. At a minimum, the alarm system at each station shall monitor each pump failure, power failure, and
high-water level. The alarm system at each station shall be equipped with a test function and a
backup power supply, an onsite audio-visual alarm and shall be integrated with the SCADA system,
which shall transmit to a 24-hour manned location.

2.17. Electrical Requirements (Bulk Material)

i. Station electrical and control wiring shall meet electrical standards as specified. Each station shall
contain a main disconnect. All electrical equipment and components shall be UL-listed, unless
otherwise specified.
ii. Electrical equipment and wiring shall be insulated and properly grounded.
iii. Switches and control shall be of the non-sparking type.
iv. Adequate lighting shall be provided in all locations, including outside, motor control room, dry well,
wet well, or any other area deemed necessary.
v. The interior lighting shall be shielded.
vi. Electrical equipment in enclosed places where gas may accumulate shall comply with the Technical
Standard Specification – Electrical Section 01 – Design Criteria (AM-ENG-SS-04-01) for hazardous
conditions.
vii. Pumping stations shall be equipped with a secure external disconnect switch located above ground.
viii. Incoming station power supply shall be protected with appropriately sized transient voltage surge
suppressors.
ix. Lightning protection system on all pumping stations shall be considered.
x. Running hour meter shall be provided for Standby generators and motors.
xi. Motors shall be provided with a local control station located within 1m of the motor, unless specified
otherwise.
xii. Lightning protection system components shall be designed, manufactured, and tested in
accordance with the latest UL 96 standard and meet the requirements of NFPA 780, and NEC.
xiii. Electrical equipment and components shall be standardised to minimise the amount of spares to
be stocked. Equipment which is due to be obsolete within near future shall not be specified.

2.18. Earthing and Lightning Protection System

i. Equipment and structures of each installation shall have one common earth bar connected to at
least two groups of earth electrodes.
ii. Detailed soil resistivity tests for the site shall be carried out prior to starting the design of the earthing
and lightning system.
iii. Detailed designs of earthing system requirements shall be prepared, for the approval by the
Engineer, based on the soil resistivity tests of the site.
iv. The design of the earthing and lightning systems shall be in accordance with BS 7430, IEC 62305,
BS 7671, and IEC 60364-5-54.

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v. The earth resistance of electrodes shall be as low as is practicable but shall in any event be such
that the electrical resistance between the main earth grid and the general mass of earth shall not
exceed (when any one group of electrodes is disconnected) 4 Ω for the earthing system and 10 Ω
for the lightning protection system.
vi. When the soil is rocky and the site area is not wide enough to spread the earthing system
equipment to achieve the required resistance, special fill material in the ground rod holes shall be
required to provide a low-resistance and non-corrosive medium. The fill material shall maintain its
high conductivity in wet or dry soil, not leach into the soil, and not dissolve or decompose over time.
The use of the fill material shall be subject to the approval of the Engineer and the Client.
vii. Requirements for sites with limited area where required resistance values are difficult to achieve
shall be subject to Client approval.
viii. Earth grids shall extend throughout the installation in the form of a main earth ring with branch
interconnections to equipment and structures to be earthed.
ix. Main earth conductors shall have a cross-sectional area such that they can act as the circuit
protective conductor on all plant and equipment connected to it.
x. At the point of electricity supply, the main earth conductor shall be solidly connected to the earth
terminal conductor or site earth terminal to achieve a TN-S system.
xi. Where a mechanical hazard is involved, conductor size shall be increased to compensate, or
suitable protection shall be provided. The conductors shall be protected by covering them with
moulding or tubing made of non-metallic material.
xii. Earth conductors shall be sized to carry fault current for as long as it takes to disconnect the fault
without sustaining damage or causing any damage to nearby objects.
xiii. Circuit protective conductors (CPCs) and bonding conductors shall be continuous throughout their
lengths, wherever possible.
xiv. Joints from sub-circuit protective conductors to the main earth/CPC shall be made with compressed
joints.
xv. Conductors shall be sized for the maximum fault current and sizes shall be as specified by MEDCO,
unless otherwise indicated, but in no case shall be sized less than:
a) 50 × 6 mm for HV equipment
b) 38 × 4 mm for LV equipment
c) Half the size of phase bar for factory-built assemblies
xvi. Earth plate electrodes
a) These shall be used where:
 Ground resistivity is low but increases with depth
 It is not possible to go deep into soil
b) Terminations shall be protected against corrosion
xvii. Extraneous metalworks
a) Metalwork within 2.5 m of any other metalworks, plant, and equipment which can be energised,
or forms part of any other equi-potential zone shall be bonded to the CPC/earth system and
shall have a warning notice securely fixed accordingly.
b) External to the switchgear and control rooms, electrical plant and equipment shall be connected
to an extended main earth conductor. Cross bonding between extraneous metalworks and

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metal supporting structures for the plant and equipment shall also be connected to this main
earth terminal conductor.
c) Metal sidings not attached to the grounded structure shall be bonded together and bonded to
ground.
d) Reinforcing steel and metal accessories in pool and fountain structures shall be bonded
together.
e) Each metallic raceway, pipe, duct, and other metallic objects entering the space under access
floors shall be bonded together and bonded to an under-floor ground grid.
f) Special regard shall be made, where earthing of instrumentation, transducers, and transmitters
is concerned, so that all installations are earthed to the manufacturer's instructions and to a
separate clean earth system.
xviii. Air termination conductors and down conductors
a) Down conductors shall run along the outer surface of the wall or column of the building
b) Down conductors shall be as short as possible, protected, and directly connected to lightning
system through test links
c) Anchoring bolts shall be used to hold roof conductors and down conductors in firm position
d) Lightning conductor connectors shall be provided for conductor splice connections and
conductor terminal connections.
e) Television antenna, heating, ventilation, and air conditioning equipment, handrails and
structures in the vicinity of the lightning protection system, if any, shall be bonded to the system.
f) Earth electrodes shall be installed at such a depth that it penetrates the summer water table by
a minimum of 2m.
xix. Lightning protection units for outdoor instruments
a) A separate earth to that of the panel and associated equipment shall be provided for the
lightning protection units or suppressors as suitable.
b) Separate “electronic” earthing shall be provided for:
 Numerical relays
 UPS
 Battery chargers
c) UPS earthing systems shall be separated from the discrete control system’s earthing by means
of isolating transformer.
d) Whole areas shall be is bounded so as to create an equi-potential zone.
e) All extraneous metalworks (gas, water, steam, condensate, heating systems, ventilation
systems, compressed air, ceiling grids, and exposed metallic parts) shall be supplementary
bonded to the electrical earth and shall have a minimum cross-sectional area of 4.0 mm².

2.19. Lighting
i. Lighting system shall consist of normal lighting, emergency lighting, and luminaries with self-
contained battery for critical lighting.
ii. Lighting shall comprise internal lighting of buildings, plant lighting, area floodlighting, security
lighting, and perimeter fence, unless otherwise specified.

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iii. Normal and emergency lighting shall be fed by AC supply whilst escape/critical lighting shall be fed
from AC UPS supply/self-contained batteries.
iv. Lighting illumination levels shall be in accordance with the following list. The values are for minimum
average illumination under operating conditions.

Type of Location Lux

Control room general lighting 500

Control room rear of instrument panels 250

Auxiliary and panel rooms 250

Outside, near entrance 150

Pump areas, compressor houses 150

Outdoor operation areas 150

Access platforms and walkways 100

Laboratories and offices 400

Drawing offices 700

Toilets 150

First aid rooms 400

Generally inside building 250

Outside lighting 50

Consumable storage 150

Offices 300

Workshop 200

Plant internal road lighting 20

Guardhouse, Gatehouse 200

Administration building 350

Corridors, passages, stairs 200

Emergency lighting 5 (average over

escape route)

v. Maintenance factor of 0.7 shall be used in the calculation for the lux levels.
vi. All outdoor luminaries shall be provided with readily available safe means of personnel access for
maintenance purposes. Otherwise, mid-hinged light poles shall be considered.
vii. Light-emitting diode lights shall be proposed where required lighting levels can be achieved with
minimum number of installations and subject to meeting the corrosion and hazardous area

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requirements in accordance with Technical Standard Specification – Electrical Section 01 – Design

Criteria (AM-ENG-SS-04-01).
viii. Emergency lighting in all process and utility unit plant areas and buildings shall be provided
consistent with the requirements of plant operating and personnel safety needs under failure
conditions of the normal supply.
ix. The minimum percentage of the fluorescent fittings installed in the following areas that shall act as
emergency lighting shall be as follows:
a) Utility area 20%
b) Process and plant areas 10%
c) Administrative area 5%
d) Control room 50%

2.20. Hazardous Areas

i. The electrical installations in hazardous areas shall be as detailed in Technical Standard
Specification – Electrical Section 01 – Design Criteria (AM-ENG-SS-04-01).

2.21. Recommended Spares

i. Price lists of the recommended spare parts for 2 years of normal operation shall be prepared. The
Client shall have the option, during any Contract period, to purchase any of the items at the
tendered prices. Further information detailed in Technical Standard Specification – Electrical
Section 01 – Design Criteria (AM-ENG-SS-04-01).

2.22. Drawings List

i. Detailed electrical drawings of all electrical items to be used in the project shall be prepared for the
approval of the Client. The following list identifies the drawings to be prepared as applicable to the
project:
a) Detailed single-line diagrams (LV/MV/HV)
b) Earthing and lightning layouts
c) Earthing and lightning standard details
d) Lighting and small power layout
e) Lighting and small power details
f) Electrical panels wiring diagrams
g) Electrical interconnection drawings
h) Electrical installations details
i) Electrical equipment installation details
j) Cable trays layouts and sections
k) Cable routing layouts
l) Standard details for cable tray
m) Duct banks and trenches

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n) Cable trenches layout and sections

o) Site plan
p) General arrangement drawings
q) Electrical room general arrangements, plans, sections, and elevations drawings
r) Area lighting layouts
s) Street lighting layouts
t) Lighting typical details
u) Uninterruptable power supply single-line diagrams
v) Auxiliary power distribution schematics
w) Other drawings required from the authorities relevant to the project for obtaining electrical
approvals
x) Electrical legend and notes

2.23. Material Submittal Index

i. Submittals of all electrical items to be used in the project shall be prepared for the approval of the
Client. The following list identifies the minimum items to be included in a material submittal:
a) Product list and area served
b) Product specification
c) Compliance statement
d) List of deviations from Specification (If "yes", reasons for deviations)
e) Supplier's confirmation of country of origin
f) Supplier's confirmation of country of manufacture
g) Copy of approved list of manufacturers/suppliers
h) Original product catalogue
i) Product certificates and test reports
j) Copy of applicable standards
k) Manufacturer’s instructions
l) Spare part list and recommended spare parts
m) Operations and maintenance instructions
n) Manufacturer’s warranty draft copy
o) Relevant Bills of Quantities from the Contract
p) Required on-job dates

i. For both Normal and Emergency power a separate document of Electric Design Calculations,
shall be submitted and shall include, but not be limited to;

a) Short circuit calculation and coordination (for new panels, transformers, and switch gear)

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b) KVA by switchboard
c) KVA by panel
d) KVA of lighting
e) KVA of receptacles
f) Feeder voltage drop
g) Peak demand (maximum)
h) Diversity factor
i) Lighting illumination levels (interior and exterior)
j) Emergency power KVA
k) Emergency Power Peak Demand
l) Lightning protection (Risk Analysis per NFPA 780)
m) Generator sizing
n) UPS sizing
o) Transformers
p) Switchboards
q) Grounding system
r) ARC Flash Calculations

ii. Design calculations and data sheets shall be set out in a systematic manner to enable an accurate
assessment of the equipment/system proposed and submitted in a separate binder.
iii. Initial design calculations shall be submitted at the design development stage.

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