Module 24—Therapies
STUDY QUESTIONS
1. Freud believed that strong, primitive forces, probably related to unconscious
sexual desires caused Anna's symptoms.
2. Conditioning caused Little Albert to fear a white rat.
3. According to the text John B. Watson's famous experiment with Little Albert
was designed to prove emotional problems can be viewed as learned behavior.
4. Schizophrenics was called lunatics during the middle ages.
5. It is the late 1700s, and you are a colleague of Dr. Benjamin Rush. He invites
you into his study to show his therapeutic tool to calm patients down. He shows
you tranquilizing chair.
6. Dorothea Dix emphasized humane treatment for the treatment of mental patients
during the 1800s.
7. The initial use of chlorpromazine was to calm down patients before surgery
without causing unconsciousness.
8. The effect of the phenothiazines on schizophrenics is to reduce schizophrenic
symptoms, such as delusions and hallucinations.
9. The phenothiazines are effective in reducing schizophrenic symptoms because
they block or reduce the effects of the neurotransmitter dopamine.
10. The discovery of antipsychotic drugs led to deinstitutionalization concerning
schizophrenics and other mental illnesses.
11. In 1950, there were 550,000 patients in mental hospitals. In 1970, there were _
150,000 patients in mental hospitals.
12. The goal of deinstitutionalization was to return mental patients to the
community to lead more independent and fulfilling lives.
13. The focus of Community mental health centers is the early detection and
prevention of psychological problems.
14. More than 30 million Americans each year need help in dealing with problems,
according to the American Psychological Association.
15. A person should seek help for some psychological or behavioral problem when
the problem starts to interfere with the person's interactions and activities.
16. If Dr. Crane views psychological disorders as diseases to be treated with drugs,
his is likely to be a psychiatrist according to the text.
17. Cognitive-behavioral therapy focuses on the client's thoughts.
18. The purpose of Meta-analysis according to the text is to determine the
effectiveness of some variable or treatment examined in many studies.
19. By the end of six months of once-a-week psychotherapy sessions is the greatest
amount of improvement likely to occur following psychotherapy.
20. Sigmund Freud developed Psychoanalysis.
21. The central idea of Freud's psychoanalysis was each of us has an unconscious
part that contains ideas, memories, desires, or thoughts that have been hidden or
repressed because they are psychologically dangerous or threatening to our self-
concept.
22. A psychoanalyst would view a phobia as some unconscious conflict.
23. Freud used dream interpretation because he believed that dreams represent the
purest form of free association.
24. According to psychoanalysts, transference and resistance are two essential
problems in improving a patient's mental health.
25. The process of projecting onto one's therapist conflict-ridden emotions that one
felt toward important people during childhood is called transference.
26. Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy takes a more directive approach and
shortens the total time in therapy.
27. He disagreed with Freud's belief that psychological problems come from
unconscious thoughts.
28. Client-centered therapy makes the assumption that clients have the potential to
help themselves, and the therapist's role is to be supportive of the client's efforts.
29. One of the common assumptions of cognitive therapy is that treatment
primarily involves changing the client’s maladaptive thought patterns.
30. Automatic negative thoughts was the basis of Beck’s cognitive therapy.
31. Sorting information into the categories of good and bad is characteristic of
polarized thinking.
32. In his cognitive therapy, Beck is trying to encourage his clients to discover
maladaptive thoughts such as overgeneralization and selective attention.
33. An important advantage of behavior therapy is that it has a strong experimental
foundation.
34. It could be said that Joseph Wolpe finished what John Watson had started
because he developed a technique to reduce Little Albert's fear.
35. The principles of classical and operant conditioning are used in behavior
therapy.
36. Systematic desensitization involves three steps. The steps are learning to relax,
constructing a hierarchy with the least feared situation on the bottom and the most
feared situation at the top, and being progressively exposed to the feared situation.
37. Sylvia is undergoing systematic desensitization. She and her therapist are
working on developing a list of feared stimuli. They are creating a stimulus
hierarchy.
38. In systematic desensitization, when the client is gradually exposed to the actual
situations that are feared, this is called in vivo exposure according to the text.
39. Monitoring one's thoughts, setting specific goals, learning to reinforce oneself,
and substituting positive for negative thoughts are characteristic of cognitive-
behavior therapy according to the text.
40. According to research, psychotherapy is the most effective form of treatment
for most disorders.
41. Putu, the Bali who complained of depression, might get better after receiving
the healer's treatment because of placebos and psychotherapy’s common factors.
42. EMDR stands for Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing according
to the text.
43. Making a list of irrational thoughts and a corresponding list of rational thoughts
is used in thought substitution.
45. After a list of irrational thoughts and a matching list of rational thoughts are
created, the next step is thought substitution.
46. The treatment for insomnia is to establish an optimal sleep pattern.
TRUE/FALSE
1. B) FALSE
2. A) TRUE
3. A) TRUE
4. B) FALSE
5. A) TRUE