Hawassa University RCII Ribbed slab

CHAPTER TWO
RIBBED SLAB
INTRODUCTION

Ribbed slab are reinforced concrete slab in which part of volume means concrete below the
neutral axis ( area of slab under tension) is removed and replaced by light weight materials( solid
block or hallow block or left as voids).
 Solid slabs are uneconomical in spans over 4m due to self weight.
 When spans are long (perhaps over 5m) but live loads are relatively moderate or light, it
is advantageous to reduce the dead weight of slab. example hospitals, apartments etc.
 By having a series of ribs (beams) connected by structural topping as shown in figure
below, the weight of the slab below the ribs is considerably reduced.

 This type of slab would not be suitable for structure having a heavy loading such as ware
house and garages.
Ribbed slab may be constructed in a variety of ways
1. Ribbed slabs without permanent blocks
 The spacing between the beams is created using square or rectangular plastic former
during casting.
2. Ribbed slab with permanent hallow or solid blocks to obtain a flat ceiling.

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Hawassa University RCII Ribbed slab

ES EN 1992 part 1-1 provisions about Ribbed slab (page 49)

1. The center to center spacing of rib beam generally less than 1.5m

2. The depth of ribs excluding topping should not exceed four times their average width

3. The minimum rib width should be determine by consideration of cover, bar spacing
and fire resistance.

4. The thickness of structural topping or flange should be

50𝑚𝑚
≥ 𝑜𝑟
1
10 × 𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑡𝑕𝑒 𝑟𝑖𝑏 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚

Note :- the minimum flange thickness of 50mm may be reduce to 40mm where permanent blocks
are incorporsted beteween ribs.
5. Transverse ribs are provided at aclear spacing not exceeding 10 times the overall depth
of the slab.

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Hawassa University RCII Ribbed slab

Note:-
 If the rib span larger than 6m then the transverse ribs may be provided.
 The transverse beams shall be designed at least equal to halve value of B.M and S.F in the
main rib beam.
 Therfore ribbed or waffle slabs need not be treated as discrete elements for the purpose of
analysis, provided that the flange or structural topping and transverse rins have sufficient
torsional stiffness (clouse 5.3.1(6)).
Procedure for design of ribbed slabs

1. Shear force and moments

 We know that continous beams, continous one way solid slab and contionus one way rib
slabs are indeterminate strucures, so we can analysis the structure using coeeficient or
moment distribution methods.
2. Design for moment and moment reinforcement
 Design consists of determining the reinforcement reqierd in the ribs.
 The mid span section is designed T beam with an effective flange width.
 The support section is designed as rectangular beam.
 The slab may be made solid near the support to increase shear resistance.

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Hawassa University RCII Ribbed slab

Note:-
 near to the support the hallow block are stopped off and the slab is made solid . this is
done to acieve a greater shear resistance.
 If the slab is supported by a monolithic concrete beam the solid section acts as the flange
of T- section.
 The ribs should be checked for shear at their junction with the solid slab.( Web-Flange
connection).
 Moment reinforcement consisting of one or more bars is provided at the top and bottom
of the ribs.
3. Reinforcement in topping
Minimum percentage of reinforcement is provided in the topping in each direction. The code
states in clouse [Link].(1) that minimum cross sectional area of not less than 0.0013b× 𝑧 should
be provioded in each direction.
Where 𝑏 = 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡𝑕 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 1000𝑚𝑚
𝑧 = 𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 𝑡𝑕𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠
The reinforcement normally consists of a mesh which is placesd in the centere of the topping
Note:- if the ribs are widly spaced ( greater than 1.5m) the topping may need to be designed for
moment and shear as acontinous one way solid slab between ribs. The spacing of wires should
not exceed or
Spacing ≤ 1 2 × 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑡𝑜 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑠
4. Shear resistance and shear reinforcement
The shear resistance is checked as for beams and any necessary shear liks are designed.

Steps to Arrangement, Analysis, Design and Detailing Of Ribbed

Floor System
There are four stages:-

Stage A. Arrangement of ribbed floor system

Step 1:- Alignment of rib beam
𝐿
If any of the condition 𝐿 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝐿𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑟
≥ 2 or rib beam span < 6 or both are satisfied align the
𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑠𝑕𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑟
rib beams parallel to shorter direction.

Step 2:- Spacing of rib beams

The spacing of rib beams may be based on the availability of filing material.

Example

Available block size

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Hawassa University RCII Ribbed slab

Thus the rib spacing will be C/C spacing =320mm+40mm+40mm=400mm

Step 2:- Spacing of rib beams

Stage B:- Analysis, Design and Detailing of Topping/flange/Rib Slab

Case 1:- spacing of rib beam ≤ 𝟏. 𝟓𝒎

Satisfy minimum requirement given in ESEN code, thusprovided minimum thickness and
minimum area of steel.

Case 2:- Spacing of rib beam > 1.5𝒎

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Hawassa University RCII Ribbed slab

In this case design the rib slab or topping similar to one way solid slab.

Stage C: - Analysis, Design and Detailing of Rib Beam

Step 1:-Proportion of rib beam

Step 2:- Calculate Effective span length

Step 3:-Calculate factored load

Step 4:-calculate factored or design beading moment and shear forces

Step 5:- Design strength of material

Step 6:- Calculate bottom reinforcement for span moment

Step7:- Calculate top reinforcement for support moment

Step 8:- Calculate shear capacity of concrete

Step 9:- Calculate balancing shear or shear carried by stirrups

Step 10:-Calculate spacing of shear reinforcement (stirrups)

Stage D: - Check longitudinal shear along web-flange connection

Step1:- Check longitudinal shear for flange in compression (at mid span)

𝑉𝑠𝑑 𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔 ,𝑐𝑜𝑚 < 𝑉𝑅1

𝑏𝑒 − 𝑏𝑤 𝑉𝑠𝑑,𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛
𝑉𝑠𝑑 𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔 ,𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝 =
2𝑏𝑒 𝑧

Where: 𝑉𝑠𝑑,𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛 = applied transverse shear.

𝑏𝑒 = Effective width of a T-section.
𝑏𝑤 = width of web
z = Internal lever arm.

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Hawassa University RCII Ribbed slab

𝑉𝑅1 =Resistance to inclined compression per unit length

VRd1 = 0.25 fcdhf

Where: hf = total thickness of the flange.

Step 2:- Check longitudinal shear for flange in tension (at support)

𝑉𝑠𝑑 𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔 < 𝑉𝑅2

Final step: - Numerical and R.C detailing of Ribbed floor systems

EXAMPLE
1. An architectural typical floor plan of shopping complex consists of ribbed slab with hallow
block system shown in figure below. The joists which are spaced at 400mm are supported by
girders and girders width 250mm. Given that self-weights of floor finish, partition, hallow blocks
etc= 3𝑘𝑁/𝑚2 . Live load for shops = 2𝑘𝑁/𝑚2 and live load for lobby area = 4𝑘𝑁/𝑚2 . Use
∁25/30 and 𝑆400 and given also available hallow block size are as follow:-

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Hawassa University RCII Ribbed slab

Solution

Stage A. Arrangement of ribbed floor system

Step 1:- Alignment of rib beam

A. Shopping 1-6

𝐿𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝐿𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑟 6.5 + 0.125 + 0.125

= = 2.1 > 2
𝐿𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑠𝑕𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑟 3 + 0.125 + 0.125

∴ Load transfer along shorter direction. Thus align the rib beam parallel to shorter direction( y-
direction). Also rib beam span=3.25𝑚 < 6𝑚, transverse ribs not required.

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Hawassa University RCII Ribbed slab

B. Lobby area
𝐿𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒𝐿𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑟 3 × 6.5 + 3 × 0.25
= = 7.11 > 2
𝐿𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑠𝑕𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑟 2.6 + 0.25

∴ Load transfer along shorter span. Thus align the rib beam parallel to shorter direction( y-
direction). Also rib beam span=2.825𝑚 < 6𝑚, transverse ribs not required.

Step 2:- Spacing of rib beams

Thus the rib C/C spacing will be 320mm+40mm+40mm=400mm

Stage B: - Analysis, Design and Detailing of Topping/flange/Rib Slab

Since c/c spacing of ribs ≤ 1.5𝑚 , satisfy the minimum criteria given in the code.

 Minimum thickness of topping.

50𝑚𝑚
≥ 1
10 𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑟𝑖𝑏 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚

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Hawassa University RCII Ribbed slab

50𝑚𝑚
≥ 1
10 × 320𝑚𝑚
50𝑚𝑚
≥
32𝑚𝑚
𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 50𝑚𝑚

𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑 = 50𝑚𝑚

 Cross sectional area of reinforcement in each X and Y direction

𝐴𝑆 = 0.0013𝑏 × 𝑍

𝐴𝑆 = 0.0013 × 1000𝑚𝑚 × 50𝑚𝑚

𝐴𝑆 = 65𝑚𝑚2
𝜋
Assume 8mm∅ 𝑟𝑒𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑏𝑎𝑟 𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑑𝑎𝑠 = 4 × 82 = 50.24𝑚𝑚2

 Spacing
1000 ×𝑎 𝑠 1000𝑥65
𝑠= = = 773mm
𝐴𝑠 65𝑚𝑚 2

According to ES EN maximum spacing =400mm

Provided 8mm ∅ at 400mm c/c in each X and Y direction with 50mm thick slab.

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Hawassa University RCII Ribbed slab

Stage C: - Analysis, Design and Detailing of Rib Beam

Step 1:-Proportion of rib beam

Provided rib width 𝑏𝑤 = 80𝑚𝑚

Provided depth of joist 𝐷𝑗 = 230𝑚𝑚

Joist depth should not exceeded = 4× 𝑏𝑤 =320mm, hence satisfied

Overall depth of rib beam D=230+50=280mm

Assume 12mm∅ 𝑟𝑒𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑏𝑎𝑟 𝑤𝑖𝑡𝑕 20𝑚𝑚 𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟

Effective depth of rib beam

𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑓 =280mm-6mm-20mm =254mm

Step 2:- effective span

Rib beam 1&3

0.25 0.25
𝐿𝑒𝑓𝑓 ≤ 3 + 2 +
2
3 + 0.254
3.25𝑚
𝐿𝑒𝑓𝑓 ≤
3.254𝑚
𝐿𝑒𝑓𝑓 = 3.25𝑚

Rib beam 2
0.25 0.25
𝐿𝑒𝑓𝑓 ≤ 2.6 + 2 +
2
2.6 + 0.254
2.85𝑚
𝐿𝑒𝑓𝑓 ≤
2.854𝑚
𝐿𝑒𝑓𝑓 = 2.85𝑚

Step 3:- Calculation of factored load

Rib beam 1&3

 Self-weight of floor finish, partition and hallow blocks= 3𝑘𝑁/𝑚2

 Per meter on the rib beam 1 &3=3× 0.4𝑚= 1.2𝑘𝑁/𝑀

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Hawassa University RCII Ribbed slab

 Self-weight of topping ( rib slab)

=Thickness ×Unit weight
=0.05× 25 = 1.25 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
Per meter on the rib beam
=1.25 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2 × 0.4𝑚 = 0.5𝑘𝑁/𝑀
 Self-weight of rib beam
= 0.08×0.23× 25 = 0.46𝑘𝑁/𝑀
 Total dead load=self-weight of floor finish, partition and hallow block +self-weight
of topping +self-weight of rib beam.
𝐺𝑘 = 1.2 + 0.5 + 0.46 = 2.16𝑘𝑁/𝑀
Given live load 𝑄𝑘 =2 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
Per meter length of beam 𝑄𝑘 =0.4×2= 0.8𝑘𝑁/𝑀
 Design load or factored load
𝐹𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡 = 1.35𝐺𝑘 + 1.5 𝑄𝑘 = 1.35 × 2.16 + 1.5 × 0.8 = 4.116𝑘𝑁/𝑀

Rib beam 2

 Dead load similar to rib beam 1&3,𝐺𝑘 = 2.16𝑘𝑁/𝑀

 Given live load 𝑄𝑘 =4𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
Per meter length of beam 𝑄𝑘 =0.4×4= 1.6𝑘𝑁/𝑀

𝐹𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡 = 1.35𝐺𝑘 + 1.5 𝑄𝑘 = 1.35 × 2.16 + 1.5 × 1.6 = 5.316𝑘𝑁/𝑀

Step 4:- Calculate factored bending moment and shear force

I. factored bending moment calculation

We can apply coefficient method

A. Span moment
Beam Condition Moment Design Effective Bending
coefficient load𝑘𝑁/𝑀 Span(m) moment
(kN.m)
1 End span 1 4.116 3.25 3.623
12

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Hawassa University RCII Ribbed slab

2 Interior span 1 5.316 2.85 2.699

16
3 End span 1 4.116 3.25 3.623
12

B. Support moment

Support B.M Design load Effective B.M Average

coefficient Shorter span B.M

Left Right Left Right Left Right

A - - - - - - - -
B -1/10 4.116 5.316 3.25 2.85 4.35 4.32 4.335
C -1/10 5.316 4.116 2.85 3.25 4.32 4.35 4.335
D - - - - - - - -

II. Shear force calculation

Shear force coefficient

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Hawassa University RCII Ribbed slab

Calculation of shear force at critical section (design shear force)

I. Span AB and CD
 Calculate shear force at critical section on span AB and CD

The shear force is zero at x- distance from A

5.35-4.116x=0, x=1.3m

 Shear force is maximum at support B. therefore the critical section for shear force is at
“d” from the face of support B.

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Hawassa University RCII Ribbed slab

From similarity triangle procedure

8.33 𝑉𝑠𝑑
= , 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝑠𝑕𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛 𝐴𝐵𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶𝐷 𝑽𝒔𝒅 = 𝟔. 𝟒𝟓𝒌𝑵
1.95 1.571
II. Span BC
 Calculate shear force at critical section on span BC

𝑽𝒔𝒅𝟏 = 𝑽𝒔𝒅𝟐 = 𝑽𝒔𝒅

Using similarity triangle

𝑽𝒔𝒅 8.33 𝑽𝒔𝒅 8.33

= = = , 𝑽𝒔𝒅 = 𝟔. 𝟏𝟏𝒌𝑵 , 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝑠𝑕𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛 𝐵𝐶
1.046 𝑋 1.046 1.425

Step 5:- Design the strength of material

a. Concrete
𝛼𝑐𝑐 × 𝐹𝑐𝑘 0.85 × 25
𝐹𝑐𝑑 = = = 14.167𝑀𝑝𝑎
𝛾𝑐 1.5
b. Steel

𝐹𝑦𝑘 400
𝐹𝑦𝑑 = = = 348𝑀𝑝𝑎
𝛾𝑠 1.15

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Hawassa University RCII Ribbed slab

Step 6:- Calculation of positive reinforcement (span moment)

I Span AB and CD
Design the mid span as T section, Take the effective flange width=400mm
 Design moment , 𝑀𝑠𝑑 = 3.623𝑘𝑁. 𝑚

𝑀 3.623 × 106 𝑁. 𝑚𝑚
𝑘= = = 0.00562
𝑏𝑒 × 𝐹𝑐𝑘 × 𝑑 2 400 × 25 × 2542
𝑍
= 0.5 × 1 + 1 − 3 × 0.00562 = 0.995, 𝑍 = 0.995𝑑
𝑑

 Area of steel reinforcement

𝑀 3.623 × 106 𝑁. 𝑚𝑚
𝐴𝑠 = = = 41.16𝑚𝑚2
0.87 × 𝐹𝑦𝑘 × 𝑍 0.87 × 400 × 0.995 ∗ 254
 Assume 12mm∅ reinforcement bar
𝜋
𝑎𝑠 = × 122 = 113𝑚𝑚2
4
 Number of reinforcement bar required
41.16𝑚𝑚2
𝑛= = 0.364
113𝑚𝑚2
 But the minimum number of reinforcement bar required for beam design is 2

Therefore provided 2#12mm∅

II Span BC
 Design moment , 𝑀𝑠𝑑 = 2.699𝑘𝑁. 𝑚

𝑀 2.699 × 106 𝑁. 𝑚𝑚
𝑘= = = 0.00418
𝑏𝑒 × 𝐹𝑐𝑘 × 𝑑 2 400 × 25 × 2542
𝑍
= 0.5 × 1 + 1 − 3 × 0.00418 = 0.996, 𝑍 = 0.996𝑑
𝑑

 Area of steel reinforcement

𝑀 2.699 × 106 𝑁. 𝑚𝑚
𝐴𝑠 = = = 30.63𝑚𝑚2
0.87 × 𝐹𝑦𝑘 × 𝑍 0.87 × 400 × 0.996 ∗ 254
 Assume 12mm∅ reinforcement bar
𝜋
𝑎𝑠 = × 122 = 113𝑚𝑚2
4
 Number of reinforcement bar required

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Hawassa University RCII Ribbed slab

30.63𝑚𝑚2
𝑛= = 0.274
113𝑚𝑚2
 But the minimum number of reinforcement bar required for beam design is 2

Therefore provided 2#12mm∅

Step 7:- Calculation of Negative reinforcement (support reinforcement due to support

moment)

At the support design like rectangular

At support B and C
 Design moment , 𝑀𝑠𝑑 = 4.335𝑘𝑁. 𝑚

𝑀 4.335 × 106 𝑁. 𝑚𝑚
𝑘= = = 0.034
𝑏 × 𝐹𝑐𝑘 × 𝑑 2 80 × 25 × 2542
𝑍
= 0.5 × 1 + 1 − 3 × 0.034 = 0.974, 𝑍 = 0.974𝑑
𝑑

 Area of steel reinforcement

𝑀 4.335 × 106 𝑁. 𝑚𝑚
𝐴𝑠 = = = 50.5𝑚𝑚2
0.87 × 𝐹𝑦𝑘 × 𝑍 0.87 × 400 × 0.974 ∗ 254
 Assume 12mm∅ reinforcement bar
𝜋
𝑎𝑠 = × 122 = 113𝑚𝑚2
4
 Number of reinforcement bar required
50.5𝑚𝑚2
𝑛= = 0.45
113𝑚𝑚2
 But the minimum number of reinforcement bar required for beam design is 2

Therefore provided 2#12mm∅

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Hawassa University RCII Ribbed slab

Step 8:- Design shear reinforcement for shear force

I. Span AB and CD

Shear capacity of concrete

1/3
𝑉𝑅𝐷𝐶 = 𝐶𝑅𝐷𝐶 × 𝑘 100 × 𝜌 × 𝐹𝑐𝑘 + 𝑘1 × 𝜍𝑐𝑝 × 𝑏𝑤 × 𝑑 > 𝑣𝑚𝑖𝑛 + 𝑘1 × 𝜍𝑐𝑝 × 𝑏𝑤 × 𝑑

0.18 0.18
𝐶𝑅𝐷𝐶 = = = 0.12
𝛾𝑐 1.5

200 200
K=1+ = = 1.887 ≤ 2
𝑑 254

𝐴𝑠 41.16𝑚𝑚2
𝜌= = = 2 × 10−3
𝑏𝑤 × 𝑑 80 × 254

𝑘1 = 0.11 = 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑁𝑒𝑑
𝜍𝑐𝑝 = = 0.2𝐹𝑐𝑑 = 0
𝐴𝑐

𝑉𝑅𝐷𝐶 = 0.12 × 1.887 100 × 2 × 10−3 × 25 1/3

+ 0 × 80 × 254 = 10.29𝑘𝑁

𝑉𝑅𝐷𝐶,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑣𝑚𝑖𝑛 + 𝑘1 × 𝜍𝑐𝑝 × 𝑏𝑤 × 𝑑

3 1
𝑣𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.035𝑘 2 × 𝐹𝑐𝑘 2 = 0.454𝑘𝑁

𝑉𝑅𝐷𝐶 ,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.454 + 0 × 80 × 254 = 9.22𝑘𝑁

Since𝑉𝑅𝐷𝐶 > 𝑉𝑅𝐷𝐶,𝑚𝑖 𝑛 , the shear resistance capacity of concrete on span AB and CD are

𝑽𝑹𝑫𝑪 = 𝟏𝟎. 𝟐𝟗𝒌𝑵

The shear carry capacity of concrete is larger than design shear force. 𝑽𝑹𝑫𝑪 = 𝟏𝟎. 𝟐𝟗𝒌𝑵 ≥
𝑽𝒔𝒅 = 𝟔. 𝟒𝟓𝒌𝑵

Therefore provided minimum shear reinforcement.

According to ES EN 1992-1-1 Eqn 9.5 page 158, the minimum shear reinforcement

0.08 𝐹𝑐𝑘
𝜌𝑤 = 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = 0.001
𝐹𝑦𝑘

By Zelalem M. Page 18
Hawassa University RCII Ribbed slab

Assume 2L-8mm∅ 𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑢𝑝𝑠

𝜋
𝐴𝑠𝑤 = 2 × × 82 = 100.5𝑚𝑚2
4
Spacing of shear reinforcement

𝐴𝑠𝑤 100.5
𝑠= = = 1256.25𝑚𝑚
𝑏𝑤 × 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 × sin 𝜕 80 × 0.001 × sin 90

 Maximum spacing reinforcement

𝑆𝑙𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75 × 𝑑 × 1 + cot 𝜕 = 0.75 × 254𝑚𝑚 = 190.5𝑚𝑚

Since 𝑠 > 𝑆𝑙𝑚𝑎𝑥 , 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑆𝑙𝑚𝑎𝑥

Provide 8mm∅ at 185mmc/c for span AB and CD

Span BC

Shear capacity of concrete

1/3
𝑉𝑅𝐷𝐶 = 𝐶𝑅𝐷𝐶 × 𝑘 100 × 𝜌 × 𝐹𝑐𝑘 + 𝑘1 × 𝜍𝑐𝑝 × 𝑏𝑤 × 𝑑 > 𝑣𝑚𝑖𝑛 + 𝑘1 × 𝜍𝑐𝑝 × 𝑏𝑤 × 𝑑

0.18 0.18
𝐶𝑅𝐷𝐶 = = = 0.12
𝛾𝑐 1.5

200 200
K=1+ = = 1.887 ≤ 2
𝑑 254

𝐴𝑠 30.63
𝜌= = = 1.5 × 10−3
𝑏𝑤 × 𝑑 80 × 254

𝑘1 = 0.11 = 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑁𝑒𝑑
𝜍𝑐𝑝 = = 0.2𝐹𝑐𝑑 = 0
𝐴𝑐

𝑽𝑹𝑫𝑪 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟐 × 𝟏. 𝟖𝟖𝟕 𝟏𝟎𝟎 × 𝟏. 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟑 × 𝟐𝟓 𝟏/𝟑

+ 𝟎 × 𝟖𝟎 × 𝟐𝟓𝟒 = 𝟖. 𝟗𝟕𝟕𝒌𝑵

𝑉𝑅𝐷𝐶,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑣𝑚𝑖𝑛 + 𝑘1 × 𝜍𝑐𝑝 × 𝑏𝑤 × 𝑑

3 1
𝑣𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.035𝑘 2 × 𝐹𝑐𝑘 2 = 0.454𝑘𝑁

𝑽𝑹𝑫𝑪,𝒎𝒊𝒏 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟓𝟒 + 𝟎 × 𝟖𝟎 × 𝟐𝟓𝟒 = 𝟗. 𝟐𝟐𝒌𝑵

By Zelalem M. Page 19
Hawassa University RCII Ribbed slab

Since𝑉𝑅𝐷𝐶 < 𝑉𝑅𝐷𝐶,𝑚𝑖𝑛 , the shear resistance capacity of concrete on span BC is

𝑽𝑹𝑫𝑪 = 𝑽𝑹𝑫𝑪,𝒎𝒊𝒏 = 𝟗. 𝟐𝟐𝒌𝑵

The shear carry capacity of concrete is larger than design shear force (𝑉𝑠𝑑 = 6.11𝑘𝑁).

Therefore provided minimum shear reinforcement.

According to ES EN1992-1-1 Eqn9.5 page 158, the minimum shear reinforcement:-

0.08 𝐹𝑐𝑘
𝜌𝑤 = 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = 0.001
𝐹𝑦𝑘

Assume 2L-8mm∅𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑢𝑝𝑠
𝜋
𝐴𝑠𝑤 = 2 × × 82 = 100.5𝑚𝑚2
4
 Spacing of shear reinforcement

𝐴𝑠𝑤 100.5
𝑠= = = 1256.25𝑚𝑚
𝑏𝑤 × 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 × sin 𝜕 80 × 0.001 × sin 90

 Maximum spacing reinforcement

𝑆𝑙𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75 × 𝑑 × 1 + cot 𝜕 = 0.75 × 254𝑚𝑚 = 190.5𝑚𝑚

Since 𝑠 > 𝑆𝑙𝑚𝑎𝑥 , 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑆𝑙𝑚𝑎𝑥

Provide 8mm∅ at 185mmc/c for span BC

Step 9:- Check the diagonal compression failure

I Span AB and CD (with 𝜽 = 𝟐𝟏. 𝟖° )

𝛼𝑐𝑤 × 𝑏𝑤 × 𝑧 × 𝑉1 × 𝐹𝑐𝑑
𝑉𝑅𝐷𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
cot 𝜃 + tan 𝜃
Where
𝛼𝑐𝑤 =
𝑖𝑠 𝑡𝑕𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑕𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡𝑕𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑐𝑕𝑜𝑟𝑑

The recommended value of 𝛼𝑐𝑤 = 1 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑚𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑤𝑖𝑡𝑕 𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒

Z=is the inner lever arm

In shear analysis of reinforced concrete without axial force, the approximate value,

By Zelalem M. Page 20
Hawassa University RCII Ribbed slab

Z=0.9d= 0.9× 254 = 228.6𝑚𝑚

𝑉1 = 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡𝑕 𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 𝑐𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑘𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑕𝑒𝑎𝑟.

The recommended value of 𝑉1 is V and is given by

𝑐𝑘 𝐹 25
𝑣 =0.6× 1 − 250 = 0.6× 1 − 250 =0.54

cot 𝜃= cot 21.8 =2.5

tan 𝜃=tan 21.8 = 0.4

𝛼𝑐𝑤 × 𝑏𝑤 × 𝑧 × 𝑉1 × 𝐹𝑐𝑑 1 × 80𝑚𝑚 × 228.6𝑚𝑚 × 0.54 × 14.167𝑀𝑝𝑎

𝑉𝑅𝐷𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = =
cot 𝜃 + tan 𝜃 2.5 + 0.4

= 48.24𝑘𝑁

But the 𝑉𝑅𝐷𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 48.24𝑘𝑁 > 𝑉𝑠𝑑 = 6.45𝑘𝑁(maximum design shear force) at d distance from
the face 𝜃 = 21.8° and diagonal compression failure is not possible means the depth is ok.

II Span BC

The design shear force at d distance from the face of support 𝑉𝑠𝑑 = 6.45𝑘𝑁

𝑉𝑅𝐷𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 48.24𝑘𝑁 > 𝑉𝑠𝑑 = 6.45𝑘𝑁, 𝑕𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑓𝑒

Stage D: - Check longitudinal shear along web-flange connection

Step1:- Check longitudinal shear for flange in compression (at mid span)

𝑀𝑠𝑑 = 3.53𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 𝑉𝑠𝑑,𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛 = 6.35𝑘𝑁

𝑉𝑠𝑑 𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔 ,𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝 < 𝑉𝑅1

𝑏𝑒 − 𝑏𝑤 𝑉𝑠𝑑,𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛
𝑉𝑠𝑑 𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔 ,𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝 =
2𝑏𝑒 𝑧

By Zelalem M. Page 21
Hawassa University RCII Ribbed slab

𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑓 = 𝑏𝑤 + 𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑓 1 + 𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑓 2 0

Where 𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑓 1 = 𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑓 2 =0.2𝑏1 + 0.1𝑙0 ≤ 0.2𝑙0 ≤ 𝑏1

400 − 80
𝑏1 = = 160𝑚𝑚 𝑙0 = 0.85 ∗ 3250 = 2762.5𝑚𝑚
2
Thus
𝑐
𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑓 = 𝑏𝑤 + 𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑓 1 + 𝑏𝑒𝑓 𝑓2 = 80𝑚𝑚 + 2 0.2 × 160 + 0.1 × 2762.5 ≤ 𝑐 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 696.5 ≤
400𝑚𝑚 thus 𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑓 = 400𝑚𝑚

kx = 0.448 for 0% moment redistribution

Lever arm Z=d-0.4x, x=0.448d

By Zelalem M. Page 22
Hawassa University RCII Ribbed slab

𝑧 = 254 − 0.4 × 0.448 × 254 = 139.7𝑚𝑚

𝑏𝑒 − 𝑏𝑤 𝑉𝑠𝑑,𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛 400 − 80 6.35 × 103

𝑉𝑠𝑑 𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔 ,𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝 = = = 18𝑁
2𝑏𝑒 𝑧 2 × 400 139.7

𝑉𝑅1 = 0.25 × 𝐹𝑐𝑑 × 𝑕𝑓 = 0.25 × 14.167 × 50 = 177𝑁, 𝑉𝑅1 = 177𝑁 > 𝑉𝑠𝑑 𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔 ,𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝 = 18𝑁

Hence, safe against longitudinal shear for flange in compression.

Step 2:- Check longitudinal shear for flange in tension (at support)

𝑉𝑠𝑑 𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔 ,𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠 < 𝑉𝑅2

𝐴𝑠 − 𝐴𝑠𝑤 𝑉𝑠𝑑,𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛 226 − 226 6.35 × 103

𝑉𝑠𝑑 𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔 ,𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠 = = = 0𝑁
2𝐴𝑠 𝑧 2 × 226 139.7
𝜋
𝐴𝑠𝑤 = 2 × × 122 = 226𝑚𝑚2
4
𝜋
𝐴𝑠 = 2 × × 122 = 226𝑚𝑚2
4
Resistance to diagonal tension per unit length VRd2
𝐴𝑠𝑓 × 𝐹𝑦𝑑
𝑉𝑅2 = 0.5 × 𝐹𝑐𝑡𝑑 × 𝑕𝑓 +
𝑆𝑓
Where 𝐴𝑠𝑓 = 𝑓𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡/𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡𝑕
1000 × 𝜋/4 × 82
𝐴𝑠𝑓 = = 125.6𝑚𝑚2
400
𝑆𝑓 = 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 400𝑚𝑚

125.6 × 348
𝑉𝑅𝐷2 = 0.5 × 1.165 × 50 + = 138.4𝑁
400
𝑉𝑅2 > 𝑉𝑠𝑑 𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔 ,𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠

Hence, safe against longitudinal shear for flange in tension.

Final step: - Numerical and R.C detailing of Ribbed floor systems. (Next class)

By Zelalem M. Page 23
Hawassa University RCII Ribbed slab

By Zelalem M. Page 24