Problems
Q1
• The front of a building 50m x16m is
illuminated by sixteen 1000watt lamps
arranged so that uniform illumination on the
surface is obtained. Assuming a luminous
efficiency of 17.4 lumen per watt and CU 0.4.
Determine the illumination on the surface if
DF=1.3 and WLF=1.2.
Q1: Ans
Q2
• A small area 7.5 m in diameter is to be
illuminated by a lamp suspended at a height of
4.5 m over the centre of the area. The lamp
having an efficiency of 20 lm/w is fitted with a
reflector which directs the light output only
over the surface to be illuminated, giving
uniform candlepower over this angle.
Utilization coefficient = 0.40. Find out the
wattage of the lamp. Assume 800 lux of
illumination level from the lamp.
Q2: Ans
Q3
• The total , upward and downward light output
from a luminaire are 1200 lm, 400 lm, 600 lm
respectively. Find LOR and percentage of light
energy absorbed in luminaire.
• Ans:
DLOR=600*100/1200=50%
ULOR=400*100/1200=33%
Light energy absorbed in luminaire=100-83
=17%
Q4
• Calculate distance between each street light pole
having following details, width of road is 11.5 foot,
height of pole is 26.5 foot ,Wattage of luminaire is
250 watt , lamp output is 33200 lumen, required lux
level (E) is 5 lux ,coefficient of utilization is 0.18 ,lamp
lumen depreciation factor (LLD) is 0.8 , Luminaries
dirt Depreciation Factor (LDD) = 0.9.
Q5
• A room 8 m x 12 m is illuminated by 26 fluorescent
lamps 40 watts each. The average illumination was
found to be 400 lux. Calculate the coefficient of
utilization. Take efficiency of lamps as 70 lumens per
watt.
Area of working plane = 8 x 12 = 96 sq.m
Total lumens on working plane = 400 x 96 = 38400
lumens
Total lumens emitted by lamps = 70 x 40 x 26 = 72800
lumens
Coefficient of utilization = 38400 / 72800 = 0.527
Q6
• An illumination on the working plane of 75 lux is
required in a room 72m x 15 m in size. The lamps are
required to be hung 4 m above the work bench.
Assuming space height ratio of 0.9, utilisation factor
of 0.5, a lamp efficiency of 14 lumens per watt and a
candle power depreciation of 20 %, estimate the
number, rating and disposition of lamps.
Q6 - Answer
• Flux received on working plane is given by
E x A = N x W x η x UF x MF
• N= no. of lamps, W = wattage of each lamp, η = efficiency of
each lamp in terms of lumens per watt
N x W = ( E x A) / (η x UF x MF)
= (75 x 72 x 15) / (14 x 0.5 x (1-0.2)) = 14464.28
Space height ratio = horizontal distance between lamps /
mounting height
SHR = Hd / Hm
Hd = 0.9 x 4 = 3.6 m
No of lamps in a row = width of room / Hd = 15/ 3.6 = 4
No of lamps in a column = length of room / Hd = 72/ 3.6 = 20
Thus total no of lamps = 4 x20= 80
Wattage of each lamp =14464.28 / 80 = 180.8 W
We will take nearest standard lamp of 200 W
Draw Lamp lay out diagram
Q7
• A building measuring 30m x 20m is to be floodlit on
the front side with brightness of 25 lumen per sq.m.
Coefficient of reflection of building surface is 0.25.
Lamps of 500 W having lumens output of 8000 each
are used. Assuming beam factor as 0.6, waste light
factor be 1.2 and maintenance factor be 0.75, find
the number of lamps required.
• Illumination required = 25/ 0.25 = 100 lux
• No. of lamps = 160000/ 8000 = 20
Q8
Q9
Q9 - Ans
Q10
Q10 - Ans
Q11
• A 250 V lamp has a total flux of 1500 lumens and
takes a current of 0.4 A. Calculate Efficacy of lamp
and MSCP/watt.
Efficacy = lumen/watt = 1500/(250x0.4) = 15
𝑀𝑆𝐶𝑃 = 𝐿𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑥⁄4 𝜋 = 1500⁄4 𝜋 =119.43 candela
MSCP/watt = 119.43/250 x 0.4 = 1.194
Q12
• Six lamps are used to illuminate a certain room. If the
luminous efficacy of each lamp is 11 lm/watt and the
lamps are emitting a total flux of 10000 lm. Calculate
a ) MSLI /Lamp b) Energy consumed in 10 hours.
𝑀𝑆𝐿𝐼⁄𝑙𝑎𝑚𝑝 = 𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑠 𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑚𝑝⁄4 𝜋
lumens emitted by one lamp = 10,000/6
𝑀𝑆𝐿𝐼⁄𝑙𝑎𝑚𝑝 = (10,000⁄6)⁄4 𝜋 = 132.65 cd
Efficacy of a lamp = 11 lumen / watt
Therefore total watt emitted by six lamp = 10000/11 =
909.1 w
Energy consumed = 909.1 w x 10 /1000 = 9.1 Kwh
Q13
• A factory area is 40m long, 20 m wide and is 8m high.
Point source luminaires are suspended 1.5m below
ceiling level. The working plane is 1m high. Calculate
the minimum number of luminaires which must be
installed to confirm with a recommended SHR of 1.5 :
1.
SHR = 1.5 : 1 S = 1.5 x 5.5 = 8.25 m
Rows = 20 / 8.25 = 2.4 approx. to 3
Columns = 40 /8.25 = 4.85 approx. to 5
Therefore actual spacing = 20 /3 = 6.67
Luminaires = 15 numbers
Q14
• Design a roadway lighting scheme with the following
data Width of the road way = 18 m Illumination
required = 15 lux Mounting height of poles = 9m Arm
length = 2 m Assume that the lamps are placed on
the median at the centre of road and each lamp post
carries 2 lamps, each on either side. Take coefficient
of utilization as 0.6, light loss factor as 0.7 .Two lamps
are provided , one with 100 W and 9500 lumen and
second with 150 W and 16000 lumen. Select the
most suitable lamp for the design clearly indicating
reason.
Q14 - Ans
• For median arrangement
• S = 2 x( Total lumen x LLF x CU) / ( illumination x
Width of road
• Calculation of S for 100 w, 9500 lumen
• S = 2 x( 9500 x 0.7x 0.6) / ( 15 x 18) = 29.55 m
• S/H = 29.55 / 9 = 3.28
• Calculation of S for 150 w, 16500 lumen
• S = 2 x( 16000 x 0.7x 0.6) / ( 15 x 18) = 49.6 m
• S/H = 49.6 / 9 = 5.51
• General guideline for S/H ratio in road lighting is less
than 5m and greater than 3 m. Hence the first one is
selected.
Q15
• Design the flood lighting scheme for a stadium of
length 100 m and width 50 m, using 1000 watt
discharge lamps with a lumen output of 92000
lumens. Assume E= 300 lux ,WLF = 1.2, CU = 0.8 and
MF = 0.5.
Flux = 92000 lumens, MF = 0.5
N = E x A x WLF x MF/ ɸ x CU = 12.2 approx. to 12
Number of projectors on each side = 12/4 = 3
ie 3 nos on each side
Q 16
• It is desired to flood the front of a building 80m
x10m. Illumination level required is 100lux and the
projectors can be placed within 20-60m distance.
CU=0.4, WLF=1.2, DF= 1/1.3 Available lamps:
Tungsten Halogen 1000Watts, 20lm/watt Metal
Halide 400Watts, HPSV 250Watts, 110lm/watt
Estimate the number and size of circular projectors
for the energy efficient and sustainable scheme.
Justify the answer. Comment on the beam spread.
Q16 - Answer
Q16 - Answer
Note - Height of pole assumed