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Lithosphere Overview: Rocks, Geography, Tectonics

The document provides an overview of key concepts related to the lithosphere, including types of rocks (igneous, sedimentary), geological processes (continental drift, plate tectonics), and the structure of the Earth. It outlines the characteristics of different geological features such as folds and earthquakes, as well as branches of geography. Additionally, it discusses the physical geography's scope, focusing on natural features and processes.

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8 views2 pages

Lithosphere Overview: Rocks, Geography, Tectonics

The document provides an overview of key concepts related to the lithosphere, including types of rocks (igneous, sedimentary), geological processes (continental drift, plate tectonics), and the structure of the Earth. It outlines the characteristics of different geological features such as folds and earthquakes, as well as branches of geography. Additionally, it discusses the physical geography's scope, focusing on natural features and processes.

Uploaded by

kamaleshpatil820
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

INTRODUCTION TO LITHOSPHERE – STUDENT NOTES (SET–B)

1. Igneous Rocks – Key Concepts

Formed by cooling of magma or lava. Types: Intrusive (granite), Extrusive (basalt). Texture
depends on cooling rate.

2. Symmetrical Fold – Concept

Fold with both limbs dipping equally. Formed by uniform compressional forces.

3. Earthquakes – Types & Overview

Types: Tectonic, Volcanic, Collapse, Explosion.

4. Physical Geography – Meaning

Study of natural features like landforms, climate, soils, water and vegetation.

5. Major Branches of Geography

Physical, Human, Regional; supporting: Cartography, GIS, Environmental Geography.

6. Continental Drift – Key Points

Proposed by Alfred Wegener. Continents once formed Pangaea and later drifted apart.

7. Density of Earth

Average density is about 5.5 g/cm³.

8. Rock – Definition

Natural solid material composed of minerals.

9. Intrusive Igneous Rocks – Concept

Formed inside Earth under slow cooling, producing large crystals. Example: Granite.

10. Earthquake Effects

Ground shaking, cracks, landslides, tsunami, building collapse, loss of life.

11. Branches of Physical Geography – Summary

Geomorphology, Climatology, Hydrology, Oceanography, Biogeography, Soil Geography.

12. Earth’s Crust – Features

Outermost layer; 5–70 km thick; continental and oceanic crust; composed of SIAL.

13. Continental Drift – Summary

Continents once united, drifted over time; supported by fossils, rocks, glacial deposits.

14. Earth's Internal Structure

Crust, Mantle, Core (outer liquid, inner solid).

15. Igneous Rock Classification

Based on formation: Intrusive, Extrusive. Based on silica: acidic, basic, intermediate, ultrabasic.
16. Physical Geography – Nature & Scope

Scientific, dynamic; studies landforms, climate, water systems, soils, flora & fauna.

17. Sedimentary Rocks – Notes

Formed by deposition; types: Clastic, Chemical, Organic.

18. Types of Folds

Anticline, Syncline, Symmetrical, Asymmetrical, Isoclinal, Overturned, Recumbent.

19. Igneous Rocks – Formation Process

Magma generation → rise → cooling → crystallization.

20. Plate Tectonics – Concept

Lithosphere has plates moving due to convection currents; responsible for earthquakes, volcanoes,
mountains.

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