BACKGROUND:
What are the uses of studying full wave
rectifier?
How is it useful in daily life and what are the
disadvantages of it?
REASON OF STUDYING THIS TOPIC:
Full wave rectifier has many real life uses
and application and is an ideal part of
learning about semiconductors hence it is a
must to study.
METHODS:
Through experiments and researches this
goal can be reached.
INDEX
➤ AIM
➤ REQUIREMENTS
➤ THEORY
➤ PROCEDURE
➤ OBSERVATION TABLE
➤ CONCLUSION
➤ BIBLOGRAPHY
AIM
The aim of a full wave rectifier project would be to
design and implement an efficient full wave rectifier
circuit that can effectively convert AC power into a
smooth and stable DC output. The project would
involve selecting appropriate diodes, capacitors, and
other components, as well as optimizing the circuit
design for minimal power loss and high conversion
efficiency.
Through research, analysis, and practical
experimentation, the project aims to achieve a
reliable and cost-effective full wave rectifier solution
that can find applications in various electrical and
electronic systems, such as power adapters, battery
chargers, and DC motors. The successful completion
of the project would contribute to advancements in
power conversion technology, benefiting a wide
range of industries and everyday electronics
THEORY
Electric circuits that convert AC to DC are known as
rectifiers.
Rectifiers are classified into two types as Half Wave
Rectifiers and Full Wave Rectifiers. Significant power is
lost while using a half-wave rectifier and is not feasible
for applications that need a smooth and steady supply.
For a more smooth and steady supply, we use the full
wave rectifiers. In this article, we will be looking into the
working and characteristics of a full wave rectifier.
The circuit of the full wave rectifier consists of a step-
down transformer and two diodes that are connected
and centre tapped. The output voltage is obtained
across the connected load resistor.
A full wave rectifier is defined as a rectifier that
converts the complete cycle of alternating current into
pulsating DC.
Unlike halfwave rectifiers that utilize only the halfwave
of the input AC cycle, full wave rectifiers utilize the full
cycle. The lower efficiency of the half wave rectifier can
be overcome by the full wave rectifier.
Full Wave Rectifier Circuit:
The circuit of the full wave rectifier can be constructed
in two ways. The first method uses a centre tapped
transformer and two diodes. This arrangement is known
as a centre tapped full wave rectifier. The second
method uses a standard transformer with four diodes
arranged as a bridge. This is known as a bridge rectifier.
In the next section, we will restrict the discussion to the
centre tapped full wave rectifier only. You can read our
article on bridge rectifier to learn the construction and
working of bridge rectifier in detail
WORKING
The input AC supplied to the full wave rectifier is very
high. The step-down transformer in the rectifier circuit
converts the high voltage AC into low voltage AC. The
anode of the centre tapped diodes is connected to the
transformer's secondary winding and connected to the
load resistor.
During the positive half cycle of the alternating current,
the top half of the secondary winding becomes positive
while the second half of the secondary winding becomes
negative.
During the positive half cycle, diode D1 is forward
biased as it is connected to the top of the secondary
winding while diode D2 is reverse biased as it is
connected to the bottom of the secondary winding. Due
to this, diode D1 will conduct acting as a short circuit
and D2 will not conduct acting as an open circuit
During the negative half cycle, the diode D1 is reverse
biased and the diode D2 is forward biased because the
top half of the secondary circuit becomes negative and
the bottom half of the circuit becomes positive. Thus in
a full wave rectifiers, DC voltage is obtained for both
positive and negative half cycle.
Full Wave Rectifier Formula:
Peak Inverse Voltage Peak inverse voltage is the
maximum voltage a diode
can withstand in the reverse-biased direction before
breakdown. The peak inverse voltage of the full-wave
rectifier is
double that of a half-wave rectifier. The PIV across D1
and D2 is 2Vmax.
DC Output Voltage
The following formula gives the average value of the DC
output voltage
Vdc = lav*RL = (2/3.14)*(Imax) (RL)
RMS Value of Current
The RMS value of the current can be calculated using
the
Irms = Imax/√2
Form Factor
The form factor of the full wave rectifier is calculated
using the formula:
Kf = (R M S value of current)/Average value of current =
IRMS/Idc=Imax/21m
Peak factor
The following formula gives the peak factor of the full
wave rectifier:
KP= (Peak value of current)/(RMS value of current)=
Imax/Imax/√2-√2
Rectification Efficiency
The rectification efficiency of the full-wave rectifier can
be obtained using the following formula:
n=DC output power/ac output power
The efficiency of the full wave rectifiers is 81.2%
REQUIREMENTS
➤ Connecting wires
➤ A plug
➤ Circuit board
➤ A Transformer
➤ A capacitor
➤ A Resistor (1 ΚΩ)
➤ P-N junction diode
➤ Insulation tape, Blades, soldering wax,
soldering lead, soldering iron &sand paper.
APPLICATION
The amplitude for the modulating radio signal is
detected using the full-wave bridge rectifier circuit.
In electric wielding to supply steady DC voltage in a
polarized way, this circuit is preferred.
As the efficiency of rectification is high in this
rectifier circuit, it is used in various appliances as a
part of the power supply unit.
It has the capability of converting high AC voltage to
low DC value.
In case of powering up of the devices like motors and
LED devices these are used.
Radios, audio amplifier etc
The above are some of the advantages and the
applications of the full-wave rectifier circuit. It is used
in various applications. These rectifiers are utilized
more effectively compare to that of the half-wave
rectifiers.
The efficiency is high in these rectifiers and this is the
main reason behind its wide usage in various
application scenarios of power supply circuitry
Full-wave rectifiers have more advantages compare to
disadvantages in the power supply sector. The only
disadvantage of this circuit is that the center-tapped
transformer utilized here is costly. To overcome this
disadvantage bridge rectifier circuit is constructed
where the four diodes are connected in a bridge
topology.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
➤ [Link]
➤ [Link]
➤ www. [Link]fi[Link]
➤ Google Images
➤ [Link]\chemistry
CONCLUSION
Therefore the functioning of full wave rectifier has been
discussed, hence this is how it is used to convert dc
current into ac current. Which has numerous benefits in
our upcoming Technology and innovation.