RESEARCH PROBLEM
For researchers, it could be conditions they want to improve, difficulties they want to eliminate,
questions for which they want answers, information gaps they wish to fill, or theories they wish
to validate.
o A research problem could also be an issue that should be resolved. it may be a question
about the unknown characteristics of the population or about factors that explain the
presence or occurrence of a phenomenon.
o A research problem is stated in the form of a question, which serves as the focus of the
investigation.
DEFINING THE RESEARCH PROBLEM
o The problem definition explains the existence and seriousness of the problem. The
definition shows evidences that prove that the problem really exists, that it is serious,
and/or widespread.
THINGS TO REMEMBER WHEN DEFINING A RESEARCH PROBLEM
1. First review relevant literature and previous studies on the problem.
2. Examine current available data/statistics.
3. First review relevant literature and previous studies on the problem.
4. Determine the probable reasons for the existence of the problem from social, economic, or
other theories that may explain the existence of the problem and the possible connection
between the problem and other factors. Seek educated opinions from persons concerned with
the problem.
CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD RESEARCH PROBLEM
1. Relevant
It should yield answers that will contribute to knowledge and development. In essence,
the problem should be worth investigating and worth the time, money and effort to be
spent on it.
2. Feasible
The problem should be manageable in terms of time, resources, skills, and access to
data.
3. Clear
The research problem should be specific, unambiguous, and clearly stated.
4. Ethical
The research should respect participants’ rights, ensure confidentiality, and avoid harm.
RESEARCH FRAMEWORK
Theoretical Framework
A structure that draws on existing theories to explain relationships between variables. It
provides the lens through which you view your research problem.
Conceptual Framework
A structure that you build based on your understanding of the research problem. It may
include concepts from theory, but it also includes your assumptions, experiences, and the
specific context of your study.
It acts as a blueprint for the entire research process, ensuring that the study is well-defined,
focused, and aligned with its objectives.
It guides researchers in making informed decisions throughout the research process, from
formulating research questions to interpreting results.
OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF VARIABLES
It is necessary to clarify terms used in the study by defining them contextually and
operationally. This section of the research paper may also include newly invented or coined
words, technical terms, and words with special meaning.
When defining terms in your study, remember the following:
Arrange words in alphabetical order.
Underline and indent the terms followed by a period.
State definitions in complete sentences.