CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents various methodologies that were used in collecting data and
analysis which are relevant to the study. The methodologies will include areas such as research
design and instrument, respondents of the study, sampling procedure, research procedure,
statistical treatment, and data analysis.
Research Design
The researchers utilized the quantitative research method in this study. Specifically, they
used the correlational research design to determine the relationship between the parental
involvement and the classroom behavior of the grade 8 students of Sto. Nino High School.
Bhandari (2020) believes that quantitative research is the process of gathering and analyzing
numerical data. It can be used to look for patterns and averages, make predictions, test causal
linkages, and extrapolate results to larger groups. Furthermore, it is widely employed in biology,
chemistry, psychology, economics, sociology, marketing, and other scientific and social
sciences.
Meanwhile, A correlational research design investigates the relationship between two or
more variables without manipulating any variables (Bhandari, 2021). The goal is to determine
whether and how strongly variables are related. In a correlational research design, the researcher
observes two or more variables and determines whether and to what degree they are related
without influencing the variables in any way. This allows researchers to investigate relationships
between variables like attitudes, behaviors, and other attributes in their natural environment.
While a correlational design cannot prove causation, it can reveal patterns and associations worth
exploring in more experimental research (Bhandari, 2021).
Respondents and Sampling Procedure
The respondents of this study were the Grade 8 students of Sto. Nino High School. The
number of students from grade 8 is 300, whereas 49 students came from Apollo, 50 students
came from Artemis, 50 students came from Poseidon, 50 students came from Aphrodite, 50
students came from Athena, and 51 students came from Hestia, the researchers used Raosoft to
get the total sample size from the entire population of 300 students. They also used Quota
sampling to get the number of respondents for each section. The samplings yielded a total sample
size of 169, whereas 27 students came from Apollo, 28 students came from Artemis, 28 students
came from Poseidon, 28 students came from Aphrodite, 28 students came from Athena, and 30
students came from Hestia.
Research Instrument
The research instrument for this study is a carefully chosen questionnaire consisting of 20
items. Sourced from verified research papers, these questions have been thoughtfully modified to
align with the investigation into the relationship between parental involvement and students'
classroom behavior. Classroom behavior questions were sourced from Akimoff, K. G. (1996).
Additionally, Parental Involvement questions were adapted from questionnaires on ProProfs
(ProProfs, 2023). The questionnaire covers two primary domains: parental involvement in school
activities and students' classroom behavior and attitudes. Questions range from the frequency of
parental participation in school-related events to the nature of communication between parents
and teachers regarding academic progress. Additionally, items search into the range of parental
assistance with homework and academic tasks. This research instrument is designed to capture
difference insights into how various dimensions of parental involvement correlate with and
potentially influence the behavioral dynamics within the classroom setting.
Research Procedure
The researchers first prepared a permission letter addressed to the class presidents of the Grade 8
classes of Sto. Nino High School. A total of six permission letters are sent. Then, in order to help
the respondents and enable them to complete the questionnaires correctly and efficiently, the
researchers informed them on the particulars and goal of the study. The previously mentioned
respondents received the survey, and they had ten minutes to fill it out. Additionally, the
researchers made sure that the responses from the respondents and the information collected for
the study remained confidential.
Statistical Treatment
The following statistical tools were used to determine and analyze the data gathered for this
study.
1. Percentage. This will determine the correct response rate of a respondent’s test score.
Where p = Number of correct responses w = Total number of test items
100 = Constant value to get the exact percentage
2. Mean. It shows the average test score of a sample population.
3. Variance. It shows how dispersed the data are from the mean. Low variance implies that
the data are closely similar to the mean (CalculatorSoup, n.d.).
4. Standard Deviation. Is the square root of variance.
5. Degree of Fredoom. It is used to get the critical value
6. Critical Value. It is used to determine if the null hypothesis will be rejected or not.
7. Pearson R: Measures the strength and direction of the linear relationship between two
variables
In the test of hypothesis using t-test, if 𝑐>𝑡, the null hypothesis must be accepted,
therefore the alternative hypothesis must be rejected. If 𝑐<𝑡, the null hypothesis must be
rejected, therefore the alternative hypothesis must be accepted.
Data Analysis
a𝑎 0.05 0.025 0.01 0.005 0.0025 0.001 0.0005
(1 tail)
a𝑎 0.1 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.005 0.002 0.001
(2 tail)
df𝑑𝑓
100 1.6602 1.9840 2.3642 2.6259 2.8706 3.1738 3.3905
Table 1: T Distribution Table for 100 Degree/s of Freedom ([Link], n.d.)
Weight/Scale Mean Range Parental Involvement Classroom Behavior
5 4.51 - 5.00 Very High Involvement Excellent Behavior
4 3.51 - 4.50 High Involvement Satisfactory Behavior
3 2.51 - 3.50 Moderate Involvement Good Behavior
2 1.51 - 2.50 Low Involvement Poor Behavior
1 1.00 - 1.50 Very Low Involvement Very Poor Behavior

Table 2: The 5-Point Scale: Its Mean, Range, and Verbal Interpretation (Bringula et al., 2012)