UNIVERSITY OF THE ARMED FORCES

ESPE LATACUNGA EXTENSION

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS

GUIDE TO DEVELOPING A PROJECT

CODE OF THE
RACE SUBJECT NAME
SUBJECT
ELECTRONICA E
2091 Devices and measurements
INSTRUMENTATION

PRACTICE DURATION
LABORATORY OF: ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS
No. (HOURS)
1 THEME: Variable Source of 28.7V 60 min

1 OBJECTIVES
1.1. MAIN OBJECTIVE
Develop the Variable Font since every time we do a project we have
to think about the source that will nourish it. For this reason, it is essential to have in
our personal laboratory a variable regulated power supply, that allows us to adjust the
voltage for the circuit or project we want to test.

1.2. OBJETIVOS SECUNDARIOS:
Apply the knowledge acquired in the subject on rectification by
diodes, calculation of the transformer needed for the power supply and the coupling of the different
stages of the source.

Develop practical skills for rewinding, building the elements
necessary, assemble it in its chassis and take the measurements to verify its
operation.

Build a variable regulated power supply that can deliver voltages from 1.3
volts, up to 28.7 volts DC, with a maximum current of 2 amperes.

Build within the variable source two fixed outputs of (5 and 2)V that supply that
amount of energy, from an alternating current voltage line of 120V.


2 INSTRUCTIONS
A. EQUIPMENT AND NECESSARY MATERIALS
Photographic paper and a press for the PCB

Bakelite

Drills of different sizes and a drill

1 LM 317 regulator and its heatsink

1 LM7805 voltage regulator and its heatsink

1 Voltage regulator LM7812 and its heatsink

1 capacitor of 4700 uF at 50 volts

 1 Capacitor of 0.1 uF (104) at 50 volts

1 capacitor of 10 uF at 50 v

1 Resistor of 240 Ω 1/4W

1 Diode bridge 2 amperes

2 diodes 1n4004

1 potentiometer of 5kΩ with its knob

250KΩ potentiometer

1 digital voltmeter that measures from 00-99 v

A computer power supply chassis

A fuse box with its 1st fuse

A power connector alters and the connection cable

2 female Jack bananas

Screws and bolts

Connectors and connection cables

Soldering iron, putty, and tin

Insulating tape and silicone in stick

A 15v at 2A AC transformer
2 terminal blocks of three pins

2 two-pin terminal blocks

UTP cables
Breadboard

3 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

Power supply
A power supply or power source is used to deliver electrical energy with power and
sufficient current to allow the operation of devices, machines, computers, etc. Everything that
It works with electricity and has a power source that can range from a battery to a transformer.
of a few thousand volts.

Variable power supply

A regulated power supply is one that can maintain a stable voltage at its output, despite the
voltage variations at the input and the load to which it is exposed.
Block diagram of a power supply

a) Transformer
It allows you to increase or decrease the voltage and current of an alternating current in such a way that its
product remains constant (since the power delivered to the input of a transformer
ideal, that is, without losses, must be equal to that obtained at the output) maintaining the
frequency (60 Hz).

b) Rectifier
It is the element or circuit that allows converting alternating current into direct current. This is
made using rectifier diodes, either solid state semiconductors or vacuum tubes.
or gas valves like those of mercury vapor. Depending on the characteristics of the
alternating current power supplies that they use are classified as single-phase when they are
fed by a single phase of the electrical network, or three-phase when fed by three phases.

Bridge Rectifier:
The most commonly used rectifier is the so-called bridge rectifier, and it is the one we will use in our power supply; its schematic is the
next:
 c) Filter
The voltage across the load obtained from a rectifier is in the form of pulses. In one output cycle
complete, the tension in the load increases from zero to a peak value, then falls again to
Zero. This is not the type of direct current required by most electronic circuits.
What is needed is a constant voltage, similar to that produced by a battery. To obtain this
The type of rectified voltage at the load requires the use of a filter.
The most common type of filter is that of the capacitor at the input, in most cases.
perfectly.

d) Regulator
A regulator or stabilizer is a circuit responsible for reducing ripple and providing a
output voltage of the exact voltage we want. In this section we will focus on the
three-terminal integrated regulators that are the simplest and cheapest available, in most cases
of the cases are the best option.

Mediated by the study of each of the materials that the circuit diagram is composed of
internal of the variable source
4 GRAPHIC PROCEDURE
Have all the necessary materials to use for the creation of a variable fountain.

ii. Assemble the internal circuit of the variable power supply

iii. Draw the internal circuit diagram on the board of the valve

iv. In the drawn diagram, connect all the materials of the variable source.

v. Connect the 110V input transformer and 29.5V output

vi. Connect the 5K potentiometerΩ to regulate the voltages required by the user
seven. Connect a 250K potentiometerΩ for the calibration of the galvanometer that will be used
to observe the scale.

eight Place the internal circuit of the galvanometer in a wooden box

ix. Connect the circuit cable to observe the voltages with the output multimeter.
variable source.

5 GRAPH
6 CÁLCULOS
For Number of laps:

5.1.1. RELATION OF NUMBER OF TURNS:

CALCULATIONS:
x=3
y = 2.2

Nuclear Area = 6.6 cm

Constant 42
42
= 6.36 value for voltage
6.6
Primary 120*6.36 = 763.2 turns
1
=
2

763.2120
=
2 32

2= .
Output 1.5 Amperes

Entry
37
= =
120
A = 0.308 A
Primary cable number = 18
Primary cable number = 22

4 RESULTS OBTAINED
5 CONCLUSIONES
The LM317 is a regulator that delivers a current of up to 1.5 amperes and voltages between 1.2

volts up to 32 volts. It is very easy to assemble and the accompanying components are very

fewsIt requires a potentiometer and a resistor to adjust the output voltage.


The function of the diode bridge is to invert all negative cycles to positive cycles.

disappearing the negative tension. The bridge delivers the positive cycles through the leg

marked with a (+), and the leg of the opposite corner will be ground (GND) or negative.

6 RECOMMENDATIONS
It is very helpful to place terminal blocks at the entrances and exits, which will assist you in your ease.

disassembly and reassembly when performing maintenance on it.


After soldering the components, we need to clean the solder paste from the board.

that creates continuity.


It is of vital importance to isolate the component board from the chassis when it is metallic.

For this we can use cardboard, wood, or any insulating material.


Locate the elements with excess wiring so that we can remove them from the chassis.

without disconnecting them and being able to service the power supply.

Connect the ground wire to the metal chassis in case of any discharge.

7 BIBLIOGRAPHIC AND WEB REFERENCES

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Latacunga, 10 de mayo del 2016

Prepared by:

Edwin Patricio Lema Quinatoa Ing. CESAR ALFREDO NARANJO HIDALGO

Subject Teacher