COLOMBIAN POLYTECHNIC CODE:

JAIME ISAZA CADAVID

FACULTY OF BASIC SCIENCES VERSIÓN:
00
Subject: Mathematics Group: 0094
Note:
Actividad: Guía: Racionalización Value:
Nombre del estudiante: Document:
Nombre del docente: Juan Guillermo Molina C. Fecha:

GENERAL OBJECTIVE: To rationalize the denominator of an algebraic fraction with terms

irrational.

RATIONALIZATION.

When an irrational expression has a radical in the denominator or a fraction within it

radical, this expression is not simplified. The procedure that allows us to eliminate the factors or
the terms of a denominator are called rationalization of denominators.

In the process of rationalization, we will consider four cases:

The denominator is a monomial with a square root factor.

In this case, to rationalize the denominator of the fraction, it is enough to multiply the numerator and the
denominator of the fraction by said square root.

Examples:
+
Rationalize the denominator of the fraction: 4
√ − 4

+ + √ 4− 4 ( + )√ 4 −4 ( + ) √ 4 −4 ( + )√ 4 −4
Solution: = ∗ = 4 4 = =
√ 4 − 4 √ − 4 4 √ 4 − 4 − ( 2 − 2 )( +2 2) ( − )( + )( 2 2)
+
√ 4− 4
= ( − )( 2 + 2 )

2
Rationalize the denominator of the fraction:4
√
2 4 2 4 2√
4 √
Solution: = ∗ = =4 √
√ √ √

The denominator is a monomial with a factor root n -sim.

En este caso, para racionalizar el denominador, debemos multiplicar el numerador y el denominador
for a root that has the same index as the given factor and such that when multiplying these two factors
let's obtain an exact root.

Examples:

5x
Rationalize the denominator of the fraction: 3
√ 75x
 3 3 3 3
5x 5x √ 5.3 2 2 √
5x45x 2 √
5x45x 2 √ 45x 2
Solution:3 = 3 2
∗3 = 3 = =
√ 75x √ 5.3 √ 5.3 2 2 √ 532 3 3 5.3 3

5
Rationalize the denominator of the fraction: 4
3 √2 2

4 4 4 4
5 5 √ 23 2 5 √ 8x 2 5 √ 8x 2 5 √ 8x 2
Solution: 4 = 4 ∗4 = 4 = =
3 √2 2 3 √2 2 √ 23 2 3 √ 24 4 3.2 6x

3. The denominator is a binomial of the form √ √ ± .

The binomials √ + √ y √− √ in which a, b, x, y are rational numbers
denotes Conjugate Irrationals.
In this case, to rationalize the denominator we must multiply the numerator and the denominator.
of the fraction by the respective conjugate.

Examples:
2
√ 7−3
Rationalize the denominator of the fraction: 2
2- √7

2 2 2 2 2 2 2
√ 7−3 √ 7−3 2+ √7 2 √ 7 +( 7)√- 6 -3 √7 - 2√
7 + 7 - 6 2
- √7 + 1 √ 7 − 1
2
Solution: 2 = 2 ∗ 2 = 2 = = = 3
2- √7 2- √7 2+ 7 √ ) 2 7) 2√
( 2−( 4−7 −3

ℎ
Rationalize the denominator of the fraction:
√ +ℎ−√

ℎ ℎ √ +ℎ+√ ℎ√ +ℎ + ℎ√ ℎ√ +ℎ + ℎ√ ℎ√ +ℎ + ℎ√
Solution: = ∗ = 2 2 = =
√ +ℎ−√ √ +ℎ−√ √ +ℎ+√ ( √ +ℎ) −( )√ +ℎ− ℎ

ℎ ( √ +ℎ + )√
= ℎ
=( √ +ℎ+ )√

4. The denominator is a binomial of the √ form√ ± .

To rationalize a denominator of the form + √or in the √ way − they√multiply √ in the
3 3
numerator and the denominator of the fraction by its imperfect square trinomial√ 2− 3 √+ √ 2
3 3
ó√ 2+ 3
√ +√ 2respectively.

Examples:

ℎ
Rationalize the denominator of the fraction: 3 3
√ +ℎ− √

3 3 3 3 3 3
ℎ ℎ √( +ℎ) 2 + √( ) +√ 2
+ℎ ℎ ( √( +ℎ) 2 + √( ) +√ 2 )
+ℎ
Solution: 3 3 = 3 3 ∗3 3 3 = 3 3
√ +ℎ− √ √ +ℎ− √ √ ( +ℎ) 2 + √ ( +ℎ) + √ 2 3
( √ +ℎ) − (
3
)√

3 3 3 3 3 3
ℎ ( √ ( +ℎ )+2 √ (+ℎ + )√ 2 ) ℎ ( √ ( +ℎ )+2 √ (+ℎ + )√ 2 ) 3 3 3
+ℎ −
= ℎ
= ( √ ( + ℎ +) 2√ +(ℎ + √) ) 2
 1− √
Rationalize the denominator of the fraction: 3
1− √

3 3 3 3 3
1− √ 1 −x√ 1 +
3
√+ √ 2 (1 - √x)( 1 + +√ ) √ 2 (1 - √x)( 1 + +√ ) √ 2 1+ √
Solution: 3 = 3 ∗ 3 3 2
= 3 3 = ∗1 +
1− √ 1− √ 1 + √+ √ 13 (- ) √ 1- √

3 3 3 3 3 3
(1 - √x)(1 + )(√1 + + √) √ 2 (1 - )( 1 + +√ ) √ 2 ( 1 + √+ )√ 2
(1 - x)(1 + )√
= (1 −x)(1 + )√
= (1 + √)

Exercises:

Rationalize the denominator of:

6 a b+ b a
1) = 6)
533x b a− a b
3 2 x− y
2) = 7)
7 2− 6 3 x− y
2 (2 − 2 )
a+ 4− a 8) =
3) = 3
√2 − 23√
a+ 4+ a 1
9) 3 3 =
√ 2+ √ 2
3+ 5
4) = 5n2
3+ 5+ 2 10) =
3mn
270x2yz 3
5)
4
288x5y 6z 2