TUNISIAN REPUBLIC

Ministry of Higher Education and Research

Scientist
General Direction of Technological Studies
Higher Institute of Technological Studies of Gafsa
Department of Civil Engineering

Work Manual
Practices
Material Resistance-2-

Najet BENAMARA
&
Ali MOUSSAOUI

AU:2013/14
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SUMMARY

SUMMARY

LIST OF TABLES

LIST OF FIGURES

INTRODUCTION

UNITS AND UNCERTAINTY CALCULATION

[Link] UNITS.
[Link] D’UNCERTAINTY............................................................................................................................................ 3

TP 1: STUDY OF BENDING D’A BEAM: VERIFICATION OF THE PRINCIPLES ........................................................ 4

[Link].............................................................................................................................................................. 4
II. PTHEORETICAL ART................................................................................................................................................. 4
III. PExperimental Art5
Material used
2. Mode operational .......................................................................................................................................... 5
3. Work requested
IV. CCONCLUSION......................................................................................................................................................... 9

TP 2: STUDY OF DEFORMATION D’A beam ARTICULATED-ARTICULATED AND EMBEDDED-ARTICULATED ..............10

[Link]............................................................................................................................................................ 10
II. PTHEORETICAL ART............................................................................................................................................... 10
III. PExperimental Art......................................................................................................................................... 11
1. Material used ........................................................................................................................................... 11
Mode operative ........................................................................................................................................ 11
Work requested......................................................................................................................................... 12
IV. CCONCLUSION14

TP 3: STUDY D’A CONTINUOUS BEAM ..............................................................................................................15

I.OBJECTIVES15
II. PTHEORETICAL ART15
III. PEXPÉRIMENTAL ART16
1. Material used
2. Mode operative ........................................................................................................................................ 17
3. Work asked
IV. CCONCLUSION19
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TP 4: STUDY OF THE DEFORMATION OF A BI-ENCLOSED FRAME............................20

[Link]............................................................................................................................................................ 20
II. PTHEORETICAL ART............................................................................................................................................... 20
III. PARTIEEEXPERIMENTAL......................................................................................................................................... 20
Material used
2. Mode operational ........................................................................................................................................ 21
3. Work requested
IV. CCONCLUSION.

TP 5: STUDY OF LINE D’INFLUENCE FOR DEFLECTION...................................................................................25

I.OBJECTIVES25
[Link] PARTE ................................................................................................................................................ 25
[Link] PARTE 25
Material used
2. Mode operative
3. Work requested......................................................................................................................................... 26
[Link]........................................................................................................................................................ 27

BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES.................................................................28

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LISTOFTABLES

Tableau1-1: Principle of proportionality .....................................................................................7

Tableau1-2 : Principle of reciprocity ..............................................................................................7
Tableau1-3: Principle of superposition..........................................................................................8
Tableau2-1: Measurement of deflections for simply supported and fixed-supported beams. ........13
Tableau3-1: The assembly reactions 1 ....................................................................................18
Tableau3-2: The assembly reactions 2 ....................................................................................18
TableauVertical movement ...........................................................................................22
Tableau4-2: Horizontal displacement.......................................................................................23
Tableau5-1: Line d’arrow influence in C ..............................................................................27

LISTOFFIGURES

Figure1-1: Assembly of the principle of proportionality .........................................................4

Figure1-2: Assembly of the principle of reciprocity .......................................................................... 4
Figure1-4: Photo of equipment used for Lab 1 ......................................................... 5
Figure1-3: Assembly of the principle of superposition.................................................................5
Figure2-1: Static diagram of the pinned-pinned beam ......................................................10
Figure2-2: Static diagram of the embedded-hinged beam....................................................10
Figure2-3: Photo of equipment used in the lab2 ...............................................................................11
Figure3-1: Static diagram of continuous beam 1 (assembly 1) .................................15
Figure3-2: Static diagram of the continuous beam 2 (assembly2) .............................................15
Figure3-3: Photo of equipment used for TP3 ............................................................... 16
Figure4-1: Static diagram of’a bi-embedded portal ..............................................................20
Figure4-2: Photo of equipment used............................................................................................21
Figure5-1: Experimental design of the beam in bending.
Figure5-2: Photo of equipment used for TP5. ......................................................................26

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INTRODUCTION

Lthe implementation of practical work on the strength of materials is

necessary to verify and justify theoretical concepts and hypotheses

admits. Furthermore, it allows the student to understand details, often
obscure, and to manipulate components of structures such as the different
types of beams, supports, cross sections and lateral sections, instruments
of measurement, the types of loads and the processes of their applications, the measurement

deformations...

CThe booklet is intended for second-year [Link] of the Applied License

In Civil Engineering, it consists of five experiments that deal with structures.
uncomplicated hyperstatic structures such as continuous beams with two spans at
maximum or simple gantries.

Dand plus, it's an opportunity to discover new equipment,

new processes, calculation and verification software.

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UNITSANDCALCULATIONOFUNCERTAINTY

I. THE UNITS

unit Designation conversion

Units of angles
0 1 rad = 2/2 and π 1 rad = 08° = 4 3 3
rad radian: the international unit of angles
gr
° Degree a ° = π/a8c bad
gr Grade a g = π/abc d
Units of length
m Meter: the international unit of length 1 m = 103mm =106
dm Decimeter 1 dm = 0.1 m
cm Centimeter 1 cm = 0.01 m
mm Millimeter 1 mm = 0.001 m
-6
Micrometer = m
Surface units
m2 Square meter 1 m2=106mm²
dm2 square decimeter 1 dm2=10-2m2
cm2 square centimeter 1 cm² = 10-4m2
mm2 square millimeter 1 mm² = 10-6m²
ha Hectare 1 ha = 104m2
Units of volume
m3 Cubic meter 1m3109mm3
dm3 cubic decimeter 1 dm3=10-3m3
cm3 cubic centimeter 1cm3=10-6m3
mm3 cubic millimeter 1mm3=10-9m3
-3
l Litre 1 liter = 10 m3
Units of mass
kg Kilogram the international unit of mass 1 kg = 103g 1 daN (*)
-3
g Gram 1 g = 10 kg
t Tonne 1 t = 103kg
Units of force
N Newton N = kg.m/s² 10 kg
of Deca Newton 1 daN = 10 N
kN kilonewton 1 kN = 103N
MN Mega Newton 1 MN = 106N
GN Giga Newton 1 GN = 109N
Units of moment
N.m Newton-meter

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unit Designation conversion

daN.m Deca Newton-meter 1 daN.m = 10 N.m
kN.m kilo Newton-meter 1 kN.m = 103N.m
MN.m Mega Newton-meter 1 MN.m = 106N·m
Units of pressure and stress
N/m² = Pa Newton per square meter: Pascal 10 kg
bar Bar 1 bar = 105Pa = daN/cm²
kPa kilo Pascal 1 kPa = 103Dad
1 MPa = 106Pa = 1 N/mm² = 10
MPa Mega Pascal
bar
GPa Giga Pascal 1 GPa = 109Pa

We take the acceleration due to gravity g 10 m/s²

[Link] OF ’UNCERTAINTY
The uncertainty calculation allows for the proper evaluation of the errors that occur during
of measures related to checking a relationship between different physical quantities. The
measuring instrumentsnot being of infinite precision, the measurements taken during a
experience are not accurate. Therefore, it is necessary to assess these uncertainties to respond to the

The relationship is not verified exactly because it is false or because the

Are the measurements uncertain?

Let the given gradients a, b, and c with their absolute intensities Δa, Δb, and Δc.
∆
their relative uncertainties∆ ; ∆

1-The uncertainty about a sum or a difference:

If c = a + b = c then∆ =∆ +∆

If c = a - b = c then∆ =∆ +∆

2-The uncertainty about a product or a report:

∆
1. If c=a*b=c then∆ = +∆
∆∆
2. If c = a/b = c then = +∆

3- Uncertainty between exact value (theoretical) Vthéoand approximate value (experimental)

ℎé −
Vexpthe error calculation is performed as follows = .
ℎé

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1. TP 1: STUDY OF BENDING DA BEAM: VERIFICATION OF

PRINCIPLES

I. OBJECTIVES

This involves verifying the principles of proportionality, reciprocity, and superposition in

studying the behavior of a beam subjected to bending by vertical forces acting
in the vertical plane of symmetry.

II. THEORETICAL PART

In the field of elasticity, forces and deformations adhere to the three principles.
following:

a) Principle of proportionality of forces and deformations

In an elastic domain, the effect caused by a load F is proportional to that

provoked by a charge F ( a real) by the same coefficient .

y *F
F
x
*v(C) D
= *
D
A C C v(C) B
B A
L L

Figure 1-1: Assembly of the principle of proportionality

b) Principle of reciprocity of Maxwell-Betti deformations

The displacement v(D) of point D due to a force F applied at point C is equal to

displacement v(C) of point C due to the same force F applied at D.

y F F
x B B
A A
v(C) D v(D)
C C D
L L
Figure 1-2: Assembly of the principle of reciprocity

c) Principle of superposition

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In the dual elastic effect, the fluence collective influences, displaces... of several
charges at any point of abscissa x is equal to the algebraic sum of the effects of
all these separate charges.

F1 F2 F1 F2

= +
v v v
A L B A B A L B
L

Figure 1-3: Assembly of the principle of superposition

[Link] PART

1. Material used
. Universal bending beam bank (TQ SM1004), consisting of a frame in
steel that is laid horizontally on a work surface;
. A beam supported on two load cells (simple supports), see figure 1-4;

Comparator

Beam

Support or Weight hook

Cell of
charge Flexion bench Charges

Figure 1-4: Photo of equipment used for Lab 1

. weights (weight game) that are suspended by weight hangers;

. Un comparateur numériquecoulissant pour mesurer les déplacements.

2. Operating procedure

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Choose an undeformed beam;

2. Measure the dimensions of the entire beam,
Length l = ………. mm; and height h = ……… mm;
3. Place the two supports separated by L and ensure that they are locked;
4. Mount the beam on the two supports and set its length L=………….mm;
5. Check by comparator displacement that the beam is perfectly straight and
horizontal (place the comparator on the left support and reset it, then the
move to the second support and check that the reading is still zero, if not
case, then adjust the height of the blade edges of the load cell to the level
zero) ;
[Link] the weight-hook at position (X1 or X3) load position F;
7. Position the digital comparator at position (X2) and set it to zero;
8. Apply the loads F to the weight hooks gently;
[Link] the deformation (V(X2)) using the digital comparator.

3. Work requested
Principle of proportionality
We choose:

. F: the Load in [N]

. X1: the Position of the charge ≤ ≤
. X2: the comparator position ≤ ≤
. Coefficient of proportionality: ensure that the load ≤ and that she
be available in the weight game);
In the three tests, we measure:

. the movement to X2: V(X2due to a force F applied at X1;

. then the movement to X2V’(X2) due to a force F'= F applied in X1.
1. Conduct tests for three different values of: , F, X1and X2by trying to verify the
principle of proportionality. Fill in table 1-1 below.

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Table 1-1: Principle of proportionality

Test No. 1 2 3
Charge : F [N]
Charge position: X1 [cm]
Comparator position: X2 [cm]
Movement 1: V(X2) [mm]
Coefficient of proportionality:
Charge F’= F [N]

Displacement 2: V’(X2) [mm]

Error calculation:
(V’(X2)- .V(X2))/ V’(X2) ]* 100 [%]
2. Interpret the results.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
Principle of reciprocity of deformations of Maxwell-Betti
We choose:

. F: the Load in [N]

. X1and X2the position of the charge or comparator ≤ ≤
In essays 1, 2, and 3, we measure:

the move to X2V(X2due to a force F applied at X1

then the move to X1V(X1due to the same force F applied to X2
and we try to verify the principle of reciprocity i.e. V(X2) = V(X1).

1-For three different positions of X 1and X2that we will choose and three different values of F
make the test and then fill in table 1-2 as follows:

Table 1-2: Principle of Reciprocity

Test No. 1 2 3
F [N]
X1[cm]
X2[cm]
V(X2) [mm]
V(X1) [mm]
Calculation of errors:
[(V(X2)- V(X1))/ V(X2)] * 100 [%]
2-interpret the results.

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…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Principle of superposition
We choose:

. F1and F2two Charge in [N]

. X1and X3are the Positions of the charges F1and F2successively ≤ ≤
. X2the comparator position ≤ ≤
In the three tests 1, 2, and 3, we measure:

the move to X2:V1(X2due to a force F1applied to X1;

the movement to X2V2(X2due to the force F2applied to X3;
the movement to X2V(X2) due to the force F1applied to X1and to the force F2
applied to X3.
We try to verify the principle of superposition by choosing three different values.
of X1, X2and X3and two different values of the load F1and F2.

1-Perform the tests and then fill in the table 1-3 below.

Table 1-3: Principle of Superposition

Test No. 1 2 3
Position of the force F1X1[cm]
Position of the comparator: X2[cm]
Position of the force F2X3[cm]
F1(N)
V1[mm]
F2(N)
V2[mm]
V [mm]
Error calculations:
[(V-(V1+V2))/V ]*100 [%]

2-Interpret the results and verify: V=V 1+ V2.

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…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

IV. CONCLUSION

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

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[Link] 2: STUDY OF DEFORMATION DA beam

ARTICULATED-ARTICULATEDANDNESTED-ARTICULATED

I. OBJECTIVES

Experimentally determine the deflection at the position x=L/2 of a straight beam.

isostatic subjected to a load F applied at x=L/4;
Study the effect of the end connections on the deflection value of a beam;
Model and calculate using RDM6 software (flexural module) and compare the results...

II. THEORETICAL PART

Articulated beam-articulated

F
y
x
v
L/4
L/2
L

Figure 2-1: Static diagram of the pin-supported beam

We show that the expression for the deflection v at the midpoint of the beam is:

∗ ∗
= / =
∗

Embedded-articulated beam

F
y
x
v
L/4
L/2
L

Figure 2-2: Static diagram of the fixed-supported beam

It is shown that the expression for the arrow v at the middle of the beam is:

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∗ ∗
= / =
∗

III. EXPERIMENTAL PART

1. Materials used
. Universal beam bending bank (TQ SM1004), composed of a frame in
steel that is placed horizontally on a work surface;
. A beam, two load cells (simple supports), and a cantilever support
(embedding), see figure 2-3;

Comparator

Beam

Support or Weight hanger

Cell of
charge Bending bench Charges

Figure 2-3: Photo of equipment used in Lab 2

. weights (weight game) that are suspended by weight hooks;

. Un comparateur numériquecoulissant pour mesurer les déplacements.

2. Operating procedure

Hinged-hinged beam

[Link] an undistorted beam and measure, using a caliper, the dimensions.

from the right section of this: Width b=…………. height h=……………. ;
[Link] the length of the entire beam and then mark the positions with a pencil.
sections at x=(L/4) and x=(L/2) where L=………….. is the span of the bay
studied
[Link] the two supports separated by L and ensure that they are locked;

[Link] by moving the comparator that the beam is perfectly straight and
horizontal (place the comparator on the left support and reset it, then the
move to the second support and check that the reading is still zero, if it's not

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in this case, adjust the height of the edges of the blades of the load cell to the level
zéro) ;
[Link] the weight hook at the load position F: x=(L/4);

[Link] the digital comparator at position x=(L/2) and set it to zero;

[Link] the loads to the weight hooks gently and progressively as indicated.
tableau 2-1
[Link] the deformation (deflection) using a digital comparator.

Embedded-articulated beam

For the same beam (of the same span L), change the left support to a
embedding and repeating the same operating procedure as the hinged-hinged beam.

3. Work requested
1. For the two beams, we apply a load of intensity varying from 0 to 12N.
increments of 2N at position x=(L/4) and we measure the deflection at position x=(L/2) and
Fill in table 2.1:
2. Plot on the same graph, the variation of the arrow at point C (found
experimentally) as a function of the applied load for the two setups.
3. Compare this variation with the nature of the bonds and interpret the results.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. Using the RDM6 software, the bending module, determine the displacements for the
embedded-articulated beam, Put the results in table 2.1.

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Table 2-1: Measurement of deflections for simply supported and fixed-supported beams.

F [N] 0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Material…………………………Esteel=210GPa/ Ealum76 GPa / Ebrass105 GPa

Beam Largeur b=..………. hauteur h=..……….longueur L=............mm
articulated-articulated ℎ3
= =………………….

vexp[mm]

vTh[mm]
Calculation of errors
−
∗ %
Material…………………………Esteel=210GPa/ Ealum76GPa /Ebrass=105GPa
Beam Largeur b=………. hauteur h=……….longueur L=..........mm
embedded-articulated ℎ3
= =………………….

V’ exp[mm]

V’ Th[mm]

V’ num[mm]
by RDM6
Error analysis
′ – ′
∗ %
′
Variation of the arrow
− ′
∗ [%]

5. Compare the numerical and theoretical results for the fixed-supported beam.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

6. Compare the experimental and theoretical results for the clamped-supported beam.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

7. Compare the experimental and theoretical results for the simply supported beam.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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IV. CONCLUSION

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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[Link] 3 : STUDY OFA CONTINUOUS BEAM

I. OBJECTIVES

Experimentally determine the reactions of the supports of a two-span beam.

compare the theoretical and experimental results.
Study the effect of end connections on the value of reactions.
II. THEORETICAL PART

Continuous beam with two spans and simple supports at the ends

F1 F2

L/2 L/2

L L
RA RB RC

Figure 3-1: Static diagram of the continuous beam 1 (assembly 1)

By the method of 3 moments, it is shown that:

= −

= +

=− +

Continuous beam (ABC) with two spans, fixed at A and simply supported at C

F1 F2

L/2 L/2

L L
RA RB RC

Figure 3-2: Static diagram of the continuous beam 2 (assembly 2)

Using the method of three moments, calculate the reactions at the supports: RA, RBand RC.

= −

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= +

=− +

III. EXPERIMENTAL PART

1. Materials used
. Universal bending beam bench (TQ SM1004), consisting of a frame in
steel that is laid horizontally on a work surface;
. A beam and three load cells (simple supports) and a cantilever support
(embedding), see figure 3-3;

Comparator
Beam

Support
cantilever

Support or Weight hanger

Cell of
charge Charges Flexion bench

Figure 3-3: Photo of equipment used for the TP3

. weights (weight game) that are suspended from weight hangers;

. A sliding digital comparator for measuring displacements.

Note: The reaction reading is done by the load cell comparator (1mm=10N).

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2. Operating procedure

Assembly 1: Continuous beam with two spans and two simple supports.
extremities
1. Choose an undistorted beam and measure the entire length of the beam, mark it.
by a pencil the center position of the beam and the two positions L in relation to the
center where L: span length;
2. Place the three load cells (supports) separated by L and ensure that the cells of
charges are locked;
3. Mount the beam on the three supports;
4. Check by moving the comparator that the beam is perfectly straight and
horizontal (place the comparator on the left support and reset it, then the
move to the second and third support and check that the reading is still zero,
if not, then adjust the height of the edges of the load cell blades
until level zero);
[Link] the two weight hooks at the mid-cross positions (positions of the loads F) 1and
F2);
[Link] the edges of load cell blades;
7. Reset the load cell indicators;
8. Apply the weights to the weight hooks gently as indicated in table 3-1;
9. Tilt the device gently and read the reactions;
10. For the next loading, repeat the last three steps (7), (8), and (9).
Montage 2: Continuous beam with two spans with supports at the ends
embedding and simple support
Change the left support to an embedding and redo the same operating procedure.
that the assembly1.

3. Work requested
1. For both assemblies, we apply the following three loading cases;
2. Fill in tables 3.1 and 3.2 of the results:

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Table 3-1: Mounting Reactions 1

Values Values
theoretical experimental Calculation of errors
Test 1 Test 2 Trial 3 means

Loading case 1: F1 =10 N F2=10N

RA
RB
RC
Loading case 2: F1 = 5N F2=15N
RA
RB
RC
Loading case 3: F1 =9N F2=7N
RA
RB
RC

Table 3-2: Assembly reactions 2

Values
Values Error calculation
experimental
theoretical
Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 means

Loading case 1: F1 =10 N F2=10N

RB
RC
Deduct RA
Loading case 2: F1 = 5N F2=15N
RB
RC
Deduct RA
Loading case 3: F1 = 9N F2=7N
RB
RC
Deduce RA

8. Compare the experimental and theoretical results for the two setups
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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9. What is the edge connection effect on the reactions of the supports R?A, RBand RC?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

IV. CONCLUSION

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………

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[Link] 4: STUDY OF DEFORMATION DA BI-ENCASSED GANTRY

I. OBJECTIVES

Experimentally determine the vertical and horizontal deformation of a bi-portal.

embedded, subjected to horizontal and vertical forces
Model and calculate the portal frame using RDM6 software and compare the results.

II. THEORETICAL PART

B C u P
v

H H

A D

L
L/2 L/2

Figure 4-1: Static diagram of a fixed-supported frame

For a bi-fixed portal subjected to a vertical load F applied in the middle of the
traverse BC, the vertical displacement 'v' at the point of application of the force F is
given by the following expression:

+
=
+

For the same frame subjected to a horizontal load P applied at point C;

Horizontal displacement 'u' at the point of application of the force is given by the expression
next :

+
=
+

[Link] PART

1. Materials used
The testing equipment consists of:

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an aluminum fixed frame (STR1), placed on a stable work surface.

on which a bi-embedded steel portal frame is fixed at the supports A and D.
The steel frame with a Young's modulus E = 210 GPa.
The charges are applied using electronic load cells.
(STR8a), by a system of traction cables and connected poles to a
digital force dynamometer (STR1a).
The measurement of displacements is carried out using a comparator.
knife digital.

The chassis
testing STR1

Cell of
Comparator charge
hill

Portico
built-in Display
digital
of forces

Figure 4-2: Photo of equipment used

2. Operating procedure

[Link] the dimensions of the portal:

Dimensions de portiqueH=…………..…. , L =……………..mm,

Straight section b=……..……mm h=…….……mm

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. Vertical loading (Assembly 1)

1. fix the vertical charging cable in the middle of the BC bar of the gantry, in
ensuring that the horizontal charging cable is released;
2. Connect the digital display, linking it to the two load cells by
special cables, and set it to zero;
3. Place the knife gauge in contact with the gantry and set it to zero;
4. Load the gantry by cable pulling;
5. Increase the load in increments of 5 N and read the deformation using
comparator and fill out table 4.1.

Table 4-1: The vertical displacement

Vertical Displacement "v" (mm) calculation

Charge of error "v" (mm)
Values −
F(N) Values é By RDM6
Experimental =
Theoretical é
Trial 1 Test 2 Test 3 Average
0

10

15

20

25

. Horizontal Charge (Mounting 2)

1. Fix the horizontal charging cable to the portico's C node, ensuring
that the vertical charging cable is released;
2. Connect the dynamometer display and set it to zero;
3. Place the knife gauge in contact with the gantry and put the
zero comparator;
4. Load the gantry by cable traction;
5. Increase the load in increments of 5 N and read the deformation using
comparator and fill in the table 4.2.

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Table 4-2: The horizontal displacement

Horizontal displacement "u" (mm) calculate

Charge of error u (mm)
Values −
F(N) Values é By RDM6
Experimental =
Theoretical é
Test 1 Essay 2 Test 3 Average
0

10

15

20

25

3. Requested work
1. Plot the curves representing the displacements as a function of the loads for both.
essays.
2. Calculate the theoretical displacements using the corresponding theoretical formulas.
data in the 'Theoretical Study' section, the errors and Put the results in the
tables 4.1 and 4.2.
3. Plot the theoretical curves by overlaying them on the experimental ones.
4. Compare the results obtained
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5. Using the RDM6 software (Winoss module), determine the displacements for the two
montages Put the results in tables 4.1 and 4.2., Comment and interpret the
results.
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IV. CONCLUSION

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5. TP 5: LINE STUDY DINFLUENCE FOR DEFLECTION

I. OBJECTIVES

Draw the influence line of the arrow at a point on a statically determinate beam.
flexion.
Use the influence line to calculate any loads.

II. THEORETICAL PART

The study of the deflection at a fixed point of abscissa xc, when a unit charge is
moves along a beam, allows you to draw the influence line of the deflection, at
point of abscissa xcproduced by the mobile unit load.

We position the load at an abscissa x and read the deformation at the abscissa x.c.

The influence line is the location of points having the x-coordinate and for the y-coordinate the value

from this deformation, when x varies and xc stay still.

F
y
x
v
Xc
X
L

Figure 5-1: Experimental diagram of the beam in bending.

III. EXPERIMENTAL PART

1. Material used
. Universal bending bank for beams (TQ SM1004), consisting of a frame in
steel that is laid horizontally on a work surface;
. A beam supported on two load cells (simple supports), see figure 5-2;

. weights (weight game) that are suspended by weight hangers;

. a sliding digital comparator for measuring displacements.

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Comparator

Beam

Support or Weight hook

Cell of
charge Bending bench Charges

Figure 5-2: Photo of equipment used for TP5.

2. Operating procedure

1. Choose an undamaged beam;

2. Measure the length of the entire beam, marking the halfway position with a pencil.
the beam span and the two positions (L/2=60cm) relative to the center where L is
span of the bay to be studied, here L=120 cm;
3. Poser les deux cellules des charges (appuis rigides) séparés de L et s ’assurer que elles
are locked;
4. Mount the beam symmetrically on the two supports and set its length L=120 cm;
5. Check by moving the dial gauge that the beam is perfectly straight and
horizontal (place the dial gauge on the left support and reset it to zero, then the
move to the second support and check that the reading is still zero, if it is not the
If so, adjust the height of the blade edges of the load cell to the level.
zero) ;
6. Position the digital comparator at point C (XC=40 cm) and set it to zero;
7. Suspend the weight hook at position (X1position of the charge F;
8. Apply the load F=10N to the weight hook gently;
9. Read the deformation at point C (vCusing the digital comparator;
10. Move the weight hook to position (X2and redo steps (8) and (9).

3. Work requested
1. Carry out the test and record the results on table 1.5 below.

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Table 5-1: Arrow influence line in C

L= 120 cm F=10 N et XC=40 cm

Xi[cm] 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55

v(XC) [mm]

Xi[cm] 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115

v(XC) [mm]

2. Draw the influence line of the arrow at point C.

3. Place two charges F1=15N in X1=15cm and F2=12N in X2=85cm and the comparator to its
Position Xc=40cm read the deformation.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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4. On the influence line, read the deformation corresponding to the previous load and
compare the results.
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5. Comment on the results
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[Link]

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6. BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES

[1]Understanding material resistance simply: the structure, principles and

Issues for Design / Rémy Mouterde and François Fleury. - Paris: editions du
Monitor, 2007. - 320 pages; 24cm x 24cm.
[2]Analyse et calcul des structures/Aram Samikian.- P ̶ aris:Gaëtan Morin Editeur,
1994.- 580 pages; 20cm x 25cm.
Course on Material Strength/Nabil Belkahla.-The National School of Engineers
from Gabes; AU: 1997-1998.
Course on structural calculation / Khaled Maala. - The National School of Engineers
Gabes; AU: 1997-1998.
Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. - Wikipedia contributors. [Internet]. Available
at the address[Link]
RDM6 7.01, free software. -University Institute of Technology of Le Mans
Department of Mechanical Engineering and Production. [Internet]. Available at:
[Link]
Technical dossier of the flexion bench SM1004/TQ education and training Ltd, 2003.
- 59 pages; A4.
Teacher's guide to portal frame deformation/TQ education and training Ltd, 2003.
14 pages; A4.

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