EDUARDO MONDLANE UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY

PROFESSIONAL INTERNSHIP PROJECT

Electricity of Mozambique, EP

EXPANSION OF THE ELECTRIC NETWORK IN THE NEIGHBORHOOD OF

MALI-MATOLA

Author: Faculty Supervisor:

Narciso Abiner Nhabanga Mr. Dário Marcelino Nhacassane

Company Supervisor:
Eng. Amorim Noronha

Maputo, July 1, 2016

DEDICATÓRIA

I dedicate this project to my parents, Abiner Simião Nhabanga and Anastância Adolfo.
Pedro Neves, and to my uncles, Ernesto Murrure and Elisabeth Simião Nhabanga.

i
THANKS

To the entities and individuals who contributed directly or indirectly to the

culmination of my academic training, I express my sincere
thanks.

I thank my supervisors, Eng. Dário Marcelino Nhacassane and Eng. Amorim.

Noronha, for the contribution to improve every detail of this project, for the
availability, for the patience, and above all, for the commitment.

I thank the faculty of the Engineering School of UEM, the engineers and
technicians from Electricidade de Moçambique ASC-CM.

I also thank my family, friends, and colleagues for their support and motivation.

ii
INDEX

CHAPTER I– INTRODUCTION ................................................................................... 1

CONTEXTUALIZATION AND LIMITATION OF THE THEME ............................................ 1

PROBLEMATIZATION

JUSTIFICATION...................................................................................................... 2

GENERAL OBJECTIVE .............................................................................................. 3

Specific ObjectivesS ................................................................................ 3

METHODOLOGYA ..................................................................................................... 4

WORK STRUCTUREO ............................................................................... 4

CHAPTER II– BIBLIOGRAPHY REVIEW........................................................... 5

2.1. PROJECT OF ELECTRIC NETWORK EXPANSIONA .................................. 5

2.2. NETWORK ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION................................ 5

2.2.1. NETWORK PRIMARY ELECTRICITY .............................................................. 5

2.2.2. NETWORK SECONDARY ELECTRICITY .......................... 6

2.3. ELEMENTS OF THE DISTRIBUTION NETWORK............................................... 6

2.3.1. SUPPORTS 6

3.2.2. INSULATORS ........................................................................................ 7

3.2.3. CONDUCTORS ...................................................................................... 7

2.3.4. TRANSFORMERS OF DISTRIBUTION ......................................... 9

2.3.5. DEVICES OF PROTECTION......................................................... 9

CHAPTER III– DATA COLLECTION ...................................................... 10

3.1. MAPPING FROM THE ZONE................................................................. 10

3.2. SURVEY OF LOAD ................................................................... 11

CHAPTER IV– DIMENSIONING OF LINES AND POSTS OF

TRANSFORMATION

4.1. LINE OF MEDIUM TENSION........................................................................ 13

4.1.1. CONDUCTORS .................................................................................... 14

iii
 4.1.2. SECTION TRANSVERSE OF MEDIUM VOLTAGE CONDUCTORS
14

4.2. POSITION OF TRANSFORMATION................................................................ 18

4.2.1. PÁRA-RAIOS ....................................................................................... 19

4.2.2. SWITCH-FUSE 19

4.2.3. TRANSFORMER OF POWER ................................................... 20

4.2.4. DAM MEDIUM VOLTAGE .................................................. 20

4.2.5. CABLE LOW VOLTAGE BETWEEN THE TRANSFORMER AND THE

LOW VOLTAGE PANEL ................................................................. 20

4.2.6. FRAME LOW VOLTAGE............................................................. 21

4.2.7. CIRCUIT BREAKER LOW TENSIONO........................................................ 22

4.2.8. TRANSFORMERS OF INTENSITY......................................... 22

4.2.9. OUTPUTS 22

4.2.10. COMMAND FROM PUBLIC LIGHTINGA .......................................... 23

4.2.11. SECURITY 23

4.3. LINE LOW VOLTAGE ........................................................................ 24

4.4. EFFORTS MECHANICS ......................................................................... 25

4.4.1. OPENING CRITICAL ...................................................................................... 26

4.4.2. LOAD APPLIED IN THE SUPPORTS....................................................... 26

4.4.3. FLEXA MAXIMA ........................................................... 27

4.4.4. ESPIONAGEO ...................................................................................... 30

CHAPTER V– ASSEMBLY CHARACTERISTICS .......................................... 31

5.1. SUPPORTS ...................................................................................................... 31

5.2. INSULATORS 31

5.3. DISTANCES REGULATORY, GO AND ARROW ............................... 32

5.3. SPYING 32

5.4. PORTICOS ................................................................................................. 33

5.5. BASE OF MASONRY ............................................................................... 33

iv
 5.6. FRAME GENERAL LOW TENSIONO ...................................................... 33

5.7. PROHIBITION 33

CHAPTER VI– COST ESTIMATE .............................................................. 34

CHAPTER VII– CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ....................................... 40

7.1. CONCLUSIONS ........................................................................................... 40

7.2. RECOMMENDATIONS 41

BIBLIOGRAPHY..................................................................................................... 42

ANNEX– 1 TABLES .......................................................................................... 43

ANNEX– 2 DRAWINGS .51

v
List of Figures

[Link]-NON-NEUTRAL TENSOR SYSTEM....................................................... 8

[Link]-SYSTEM WITH NEUTRAL TENSION...................................................... 8

FIGURE 3. MAPPING OF BLOCK 2 - MALI MATOLA............................................. 10

[Link] OF THE MT LINE FOR SUPPLYING THE PTS..................................... 13

FIGURE 5. EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT OF A SHORT TRANSMISSION LINE......................... 15

FIGURE 6. ELECTRICAL SCHEME OF A TRANSFORMATION STATION (EDM, 2006) .............. 18

FIGURE 7. SCHEME OF THE LOW VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL PANEL (EDM, 2006)................... 21

FIGURE 8. LOW VOLTAGE DISTRIBUTION LINES.................................................... 24

FIGURE 9. CABLE ASSEMBLY BETWEEN TWO SUPPORTS ...................................................... 25

FIGURE 10. REPRESENTATION OF THE ARROW OF A SPAN.......................................................... 28

FIGURE11. MEASURES OF ESPIONAGE.................................................... 30

vi
Abbreviations

APC–High Power Cut

Low Voltage

LXS Cable – Multistrand aluminum conductor with polyethylene insulation

reticulated

Cable VAV - Conductive core made of copper, PVC insulation, inner sheath in
PVC, steel strip armor, exterior sheath in PVC

Cable VV–Conductive core in copper, PVC insulation, regularization sheath

or sheath, exterior sheath in PVC

Cable XS–Conductor made of multi-stranded copper with XLPE insulation

EDM - Electricity of Mozambique

GPS - Global Positioning System

MT–Medium Voltage

PT - Transformation Post

Type B - Transformation Post in concrete block

PT Type M1 - Wooden portal transformer station

PT Type M2 - Transformation Post on masonry base

PVC - Polyvinyl chloride

RSLEAT - Regulation of Safety for High Voltage Power Lines

RSRDEEBT - Regulation on Safety for Energy Distribution Networks

Low Voltage Electrical

XLPE – Cross-linked Polyethylene

T-OFF - Derivation

vii
SUMMARY

In the context of the internship in electricity in Mozambique, it was

developed this project with the theme "Expansion of the Electrical Network in the Neighborhood of

Mali-Matola,” whose main objective is to present a proposal for

electrification of block 2 of the mentioned neighborhood.

Near the mentioned block, there is a 33 kV medium voltage line.

origin at the Zimpeto Substation (SE 10) and as destination the area of Marracuene.
The work proposes that a derivation (T-OFF) be made so that subsequently
A new line with a length of 1.8 km for electrification should be executed.
block.

As a solution for the electrification of the block, the work proposes the installation of
two new transformation stations of 250 kVA each, in order to be able to supply the
current demand of 325 kVA and future demand of 428 kVA, considering a
load growth of about 5% over a period of 5 years.

In the medium term, it is recommended that EDM connect the two stations.
of transformation proposed in order to provide some redundancy to the future network
electricity of the Mali-Matola neighborhood.

eight
ABSTRACT

As a part of the traineeship program at Electricidade de Moçambique, it was

developed this project with the topic “Expansion Of The Electricity Network At Mali
Matola's Neighborhood whose main objective is to present a proposal for
electrification of block 2.

Next to block 2, there is a medium voltage line of 33 kV that comes from

Zimpeto's substation (SE 10) and goes to Marracuene's neighborhood. The project
proposes a T-OFF from this line and then design a new one with 1.8 km of length for
the electrification of the block.

As a solution for the electrification of the block, the project proposes the installation
of two new power transformers, each with 250 kVA, enough to supply the current
demand of 325 kVA and future demand of 428 kVA, considering an increasing load
of 5% in 5 years.

It is recommended to use EDM to make the connection between the two power.
transformers proposed in order to give some redundancy of the electric network in
Mali-Matola's neighborhood.

nine
 CHAPTER I - INTRODUCTION

CONTEXTUALIZATION AND DELIMITATION OF THE THEME

In the scope of improving and expanding the national electricity network, arises the

the need to invest in visionary projects, that is, that solve (or
minimize the current problems and face those that will arise in the future, with
aiming to guarantee the quality and fidelity in the supply of electrical energy.

As an example, a proposal for the expansion of the network is presented below.

electricity in the Mali-Matola neighborhood, specifically in block 2.

The project includes several stages, of which the first involves locating the
neighborhood and all the medium voltage lines existing in the vicinity. From there
then, the lifting of the load to be fed is carried out, defining the sections of the
lines, sizing of lines and transformation stations, and lastly
cost estimation is carried out.

1
PROBLEMATIZATION

The development of certain suburban areas (Mali-Matola in particular) is a

slow and difficult process due to the lack of electrical energy, which leads to a style
of remote living and discontent among residents who have expressed interest
to see your neighborhood electrified. And most of the network expansion projects
electricity in the mentioned areas is not designed in a timely manner, therefore, the cost
the project has been elevated, this is because, people whose should be compensated
residences can compromise the safety of the electrical network.

JUSTIFICATION

The electrical network expansion projects must contribute to improvements.

on the existing electrical network, and not the other way around, so great care should be taken

during the conception of the projects. However, it must be ensured that after the
execution, the network operates under normal conditions, with acceptable loading, and
have a long lifespan and adapt to future conditions.

2
GENERAL OBJECTIVE

The work aims to present a proposal for expansion of

electric grid in the Mali-Matola neighborhood.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

The work has the following specific objectives:

Map the neighborhood and the medium voltage lines in the vicinity;
Carry out the survey of the load to be fed;
Define the stretches of the lines and allocation points of the Posts of
Transformation;
Dimension the lines and the transformation posts;
Specify the conditions for the execution of the project;
Make the cost estimate.

3
METHODOLOGY

During the elaboration of this project, it will be necessary, regarding

methodology:

Conduct regular visits to the area under study in order to better understand the
its characteristics;
Carry out the collection of technical as well as geographical data of the
block
Search for technical and scientific concepts related directly or indirectly.
with electricity network expansion projects;
Interview the technicians and supervisors of EDM as well as meet.
regularly with the scientific supervisor.

STRUCTURE OF THE WORK

The work will have the following structure:

I. Introduction - where the general description of the project will be made, characterization of

area, problematization, justification, description of objectives and presentation

of the methodology.

II. Literature review - where technical concepts will be exposed and

indispensable scientists for a better understanding of the present project;
III. Data collection – at this point, the data collected will be presented in
block 2 of the Mali-Matola neighborhood, namely, existing streets and lines
of medium voltage close to the zone;
IV. Sizing of the lines and transformer stations - Based on
conclusions drawn from calculations, the characteristics will be chosen
the appropriate lines and transformer stations for the project;
V. Assembly characteristics - This section will describe the conditions
of assembling each element of the lines and transformation posts;
VI. Cost estimation - Where the prices of materials will be presented
necessary for the execution of the project;
VII. And finally, the conclusions of the work will be drawn.

4
 CHAPTER II – LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1. ELECTRIC NETWORK EXPANSION PROJECT

The electrical network expansion project aims to expand the network

electric, that is, to ensure that more neighborhoods, establishments, and infrastructure
they have electric energy. It consists of descriptions, presentation of calculations and

representative drawings of new transmission and/or distribution lines, substations

of transformation, among others, with the purpose of electrifying areas without energy
electric.

2.2. ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION NETWORK

It is the entire electrical system that allows the transfer of electrical energy from the
substations to the consumers. It consists of structures, utilities, conductors and
electrical equipment, aerial or underground, used for distribution of
electric energy, operating at low, medium and/or high voltage. Generally, the lines
they are radial circuits and the networks are meshed or interconnected circuits (CEMIG,
2014).

The distribution network is divided into primary electrical network (distribution networks
in medium voltage) and secondary electrical network (low voltage distribution networks

tension).

2.2.1. PRIMARY ELECTRIC NETWORK

Understands the entire section of the electrical system operating at a voltage value
greater than 1 kV and less than (or equal to) 66 kV depending on the characteristics and
location of consumption centers (EDM, 2006).

In each country, there are standardized voltage values for each voltage level. The
the same happens in Mozambique, thus, the distribution in medium voltage is
made at 6.6, 11, 22 or 33 kV (EDM, 2006).

5
The lines of the primary electrical network can be overhead or underground. The overhead
are usually in bare cable, supported by concrete, metal, or
wood, and the conductors are suspended or supported by insulators. While
the underground cables are made with insulated cable with protection against stress
mechanics.

2.2.2. SECONDARY ELECTRICAL NETWORK

Understand the entire section of the electrical system operating at a voltage value.
less than 1 kV and is intended for powering consumer installations, with
except for some industrial units where the supply is done on average
tension.

The low voltage network can also be overhead or underground, where the overhead is
made of twisted cable and usually comprises five (5) conductors, of which
is intended for public lighting.

The connections to the facilities can be made overhead, commonly referred to as

downward, or underground, commonly referred to as a branch.

2.3. ELEMENTS OF THE DISTRIBUTION NETWORK

There are several elements that are part of the distribution network, of which
the supports, insulators, conductors, transformers, and devices stand out
protection.

2.3.1. SUPPORTS

Supports are classified or named according to their capacity and height,

they can also be made from various materials, the most common are from
wood (Annex 2.1), concrete and metal. The choice of support depends on the location of
the implementation, the efforts to which it will be subjected, also depends on the time at which

the conductors are intended to be placed.

6
The supports, according to their application, can be classified into:

Alignment supports - They are used in sections where the route is a line
straight, that is, a section without angles and deviations;

Angle supports - They are used at points where the line has a
deflection (angle).
Derivation supports - As the name suggests, they are used to make
derivatives on the line.
End supports - these are located at the end or the beginning of the line and have the
capacity to withstand the efforts that the drivers exert at once
side of the line.

3.2.2. INSULATORS

Insulators are structures made of glass or ceramic used to support the

conductors and ensure electrical insulation between the conductors and the support. The
Insulators can be rigid or chain (Filipe, 2009).

The rigid insulators (Annex 2.2, 2.3) - are composed of several

porcelain or glass bell insulators and by fittings that
just place. These insulators are rigidly fixed to the frame of the
support, ensuring by itself the conditions for isolating the conductor.
The insulators for chains (Annex 2.4) - are associated with other identical ones.
in chain form, ensuring by itself the conditions of isolation of the
conductor. The chain insulators, just like the rigid insulators, are
consist of various bell or glass insulators and by fixtures that
it juxtaposes, being able to constitute chains of binding or chains of
suspension.

3.2.3. CONDUCTORS

It is the main and most important component in a distribution network, as they are
responsible for conducting electric current.

7
In the aerial lines of MT, bare multi-stranded aluminum-steel conductors are used.
(Annex 2.5), as they present greater mechanical resistance compared to copper. The
aluminum-steel conductors consist of a core made of galvanized steel,
one or more wires, wrapped in two or three successive layers of aluminum wires
all of them coiled in a helix (Filipe, 2009).

Insulated cables grouped in a bundle (twisted) are used in BT aerial lines.

of type LXS or XS. There are two systems with wide application: non-neutral system
tensor and system with neutral tensor (SOLIDAL).

Neutral-less tensor system - consists of a bundle of conductors of equal

section, both for the neutral and for the phases. The traction effort
Applied to the cable is supported by the main conductors.

Figure 1. Twisted - System without neutral tensor

system with neutral tensor - consists of a beam of phase conductors,

wiring around the neutral conductor, which, in addition to its electrical function, serves as

tensor of the set.

Figure 2. Torsion - System with neutral tensor

8
2.3.4. DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMERS

The distribution transformer aims to reduce the voltage level,

medium to low, for example, from 33 kV to 0.4 kV, or from 11 kV to 0.4 kV.

In rural areas, depending on their weight (and power), transformers are

usually mounted on masonry bases, or wooden portal posts, or
still in concrete poles (EDM, 2006).

Transformer on concrete pole - it is mounted on a metallic base that

is fixed to the concrete pole. It is intended to supply small consumers
with a power not exceeding 30 KVA.
Wooden portal transformer - it is mounted on a fixed base
between two wooden posts. Transformers can be mounted on this portal
with a power equal to or less than 100 kVA.
Transformer resting on masonry base (Annex 2.15) – suitable for
transformers with power above 100 kVA. The masonry base must
to be built between the medium voltage arrival arch posts and with
a height lower than 2.5 meters from the ground (EDM, 2006).

2.3.5. PROTECTION DEVICES

The protective devices used in distribution networks are:

Lightning rods are intended for protection against overvoltages of origin

atmospheric;
Disconnectors-Fuse perform the function of a fuse and a
Disconnectors, as they protect against short circuits and perform visible disconnection.

da instalação;
Low voltage circuit breaker - protects the transformer from all faults
network electricals, mainly the overloads;
APC low voltage fuse and public lighting - protects the outputs of the
transformer against overcurrents.

9
 CHAPTER III – DATA COLLECTION

3.1. MAPPING OF THE ZONE

With the help of a GPS, the points where they start and end were marked.
all the streets of block 2. Subsequently, the points were surveyed and the
connection of them through lines on a computer.

Figure 3. Mapping of Block 2 - Mali Matola

As can be seen in figure 1, there is a medium voltage line of 33 kV, with

originating at the Zimpeto Substation (SE 10) and heading to the area of
Marracuene will be used to execute the derivation and supply the posts.
of transformation that will be installed.

10
3.2. LOAD SURVEY

The block is part of a residential neighborhood and based on the survey conducted,
It was found that there are 215 residences, a primary school, a daycare, and a
church. For the calculation of the installed power, the following were taken into account:

Power correction factors: namely, Power Factor

Simultaneidade (Fs) e Factor de Utilização (Fu):

− Annex 1.2

0.8
= 0.2 + equal 3.1
√
Calculation formula
=

= ∑ Equation 3.2
cos φ
=1

Growth rate - For rural areas, the Growth Rate is considered.

Annual growth (Tc) equal to 5% for a period of 5 years.

Thus, the final power is calculated from the expression:

= (1 +) equation 3.3
100%

Where:

Utilization factor (Annex 1.2);

–Simultaneity factor (Annex 1.1);

Number of dwellings;

Final apparent power;

Active power;

cos phiPower factor;

Installed apparent power;

Estimated period for growth in years.

11
 For public lighting, lamps for fluorescent bulbs will be used.
tubular, equipped with electronic ballast, with the following characteristics:

Power, P = 2x24 W;
Tensão, U = 230 V;
IP65 Protection Index;
Aluminum reflector.

These are the ones used in recent years by the EDM, inserted into the usage program.
rational and economic use of electricity, as they are low consumption and guarantee
the minimum luminotechnical conditions required for public lighting.

The table below shows the existing loads, respective powers and the
correction factors for the calculation of installed power.

Table 1. Calculation of installed apparent power in Mali - Matola Q.2

Load (KW)
(KW) (KW) (KVA) (KVA)
Residence 3.3 0.75 2.5 215 0.4 215
School 25.9 0.75 19.5 1 1.0 19.5
Church 12.5 0.75 9.4 1 1.0 9.4
Nursery 3.3 0.75 2.5 1 1.0 2.5 335 428
Lighting 0.048 1 0.048 450 1 21.6
Public

Based on the result of the calculations made above, a power should be installed
equal to or greater than 428KVA, in order to meet the current and future demand. Thus
Currently, two Transformation Stations with a capacity of 250KVA will be installed.
each, totaling 500KVA, enough to meet the current demand and
future.

12
CHAPTER IV - DIMENSIONING OF LINES AND POSTS
OF TRANSFORMATION

4.1. MEDIUM VOLTAGE LINE

From the derivation point, the line will have a length of 1.8 km. It is important
mention that the area has favorable conditions, as it is a flat area,
without watercourses, without residential clusters, without lines and cables
telephones, and still, without transport or energy distribution lines
previously implanted. It will only require the pruning of trees in order to
ensure the regulatory distances.

Figure 4. Section of the MT Line for feeding the transformers

13
4.1.1. CONDUCTORS

Aluminum conductors with a steel core will be used designated by

ACSR, as they have greater mechanical strength and also greater resistance.
corrosion.

The most commonly used conductors are: SQUIRREL, FERREL, MINK with the sections:

24.44mm249.48mm273.57mm2, respectively. In extreme cases, they can be

used larger section cables, namely: RACCON and LEOPARD with the
sections: 91.94mm2148.5mm2respectively (EDM, 2006).

4.1.2. CROSS SECTION OF MEDIUM VOLTAGE CONDUCTORS

The cross-section of the conductors must be such that it satisfies the different
technical operating conditions, that is, normal heating and
short-circuit, as well as voltage drops, must be below the limits
maximum allowable.

The main calculations are presented below for later selection.

suitable driver, namely:

Service current:

428x103
= = = 7.5 A
√ 3xU √ 3x33x103

Economic section:

7.5
çã ó = = = 9.42
0.8

Where:

Economic current density in A/mm2(Annex 1.5)

The closest driver to the economic section is SQUIRREL with section

24.44mm2.

14
For lines with lengths shorter than 80km, only the resistance and reactance
in series are included, that is, the admittance of the line is negligible (GLOVER J.
Duncan, SARMA Mulukutla, OVERBYE Thomas, 2012.

Figure 5. Equivalent circuit of a short transmission line

Line resistance:

= = 20℃ [1 + 20℃ ( )] 1.3659 1 +[ 0.00403 25 -(20

- 20= )]

= 1.4209 Ω/kA

R = 2.558 ohms

Where:

Resistivity of the conduit (Appendix 1.6);

Cross-section of the conductor;

20℃ Conductor resistance at 20℃ (Annex 1.6);

20℃ –Coefficient of temperature variation (Annex 1.6);

Local temperature;

Length of the line.

15
 The line reactance:

X=2*π*r*L equation 4.1

Where:

Network frequency;

Inductance of the conductor.

As shown in the previous expression, it is necessary to first calculate the inductance of

conductor. To do so, one must know the types of framework used in each section of the
line, as they have different displacements and these can influence the value
of the inductance.

The calculation of inductance is given by the following expression:

L = 2 * 10-7* ln eqüàçãо 4.2

Where:

Geometric mean diameter;

-Average geometric radius.

The calculation of inductance for the different windings used is presented below,
namely: vertical belt frame for angle and belt frame
vertical for alignment:

Vertical frame assembly for angle:

3 3
= √ ∗ = √0.6∗ 1.2 ∗ 0.6 = 0.76

1
−4 -3
= ∗ = 2.8 * 10

0.76
1= 2 * 10-7∗ ln = 1.12 * 10-3 /
2.8 * 10-3

16
 Vertical stack frame for alignment:

3 3
= √ ∗ ∗ = √1.2 ∗ 0.8 ∗ 0.8 = 0.92

1
−4 -3
= ∗ = 2.8 * 10

0.92
2= 2 * 10-7∗ ln = 1.16 * 10-3 /
2.8 * 10-3

The inductances of each section are summed to obtain the total inductance of the
line and subsequently calculate the total reactance of the line:

= 1∗ 1+ 2∗ 21.12 * 10-3∗ 0.7 + 1.16 ∗ 10-31.1 = 2.54 × 10-3

X = 2 * π * 50 * 2.54 * 10-3

X = 0.8 ohm

Voltage drop:

Considering that the maximum allowable voltage drop in rural areas is

8% (EDM, 2006), it is necessary to calculate and verify if the condition is satisfied.

= − (
= √3∗ ∗ cos φ +) X sin φ equation 4.3

Where:

Conductor resistance;

Conductor reactance;

φ – Power factor angle

Having calculated all the parameters of the line, one can then calculate the voltage drop:

= − (
= √3∗ ∗ cos φ +) X sin φ

(
= √3 * 7.5 * 2.558 ∗ 0.8 + 0.8 ∗ 0.6 )

= 32.82 V

17
In percentage:

W ∗ 100%
%= eqâçâo 4.5

32.82 * 100 %
%=
33000

% = 0.1 %

According to the calculations, the voltage drop is below the maximum allowable limit.
(ΔU% = 0.1% < 8%), therefore, the SQUIRREL conductor is the appropriate one.

4.2. TRANSFORMER STATION

The M2 transformer station is suitable for this project, based on a foundation of

masonry (Appendix 2.15, 2.16), as the power is greater than 100kVA.

The simplified diagram of the Transformation Station is shown in the figure below.

Figure 6. Electrical scheme of a transformation station (EDM, 2006)

Where:

1–Lightning rod;

2–Fuse Switch;

3–MT/BT power transformer;

4–Low voltage circuit breaker;

5–Low voltage fuses;

18
6–Public lighting fuses;

7–Public lighting contractor.

4.2.1. LIGHTNING ROD

The connection of the lightning rods to the medium voltage line must be made with the same
section of the medium voltage line conductor. And the grounding connection, through a conductor of

copper with a minimum section of 16 mm2, going to 32 mm2when to penetrate the

earth (EDM, 2006). Thus, it was chosen (Annex 1.7):

Lightning rod ASEA, type XBE

Nominal voltage: Un = 33 kV

Cutting capacity: I = 10 kA

Neutral directly connected to the ground

4.2.2. FUSE DISCONNECTOR

Considering that the nominal current of the transformer will be:

250 times 103

= = = 4.4 A
√3 * U √ 3 * 33 * 103

Where:

Nominal apparent power of the transformer;

Rated voltage of the transformer.

It should be used (Annex 1.8):

AB-CHANCE Fuse Switch

Nominal voltage: Un = 33kV

LINK: ILk = 6 A.

19
4.2.3. POWER TRANSFORMER

The transformer to be assembled should be for outdoor use, with the following
characteristics:

Power: S = 250 kVA

Transformation ratio: 33/0.4 kV

Connection group: D yn11

Voltage regulation at no load: Un + 5%; Un; Un - 5%; Un - 10%.

4.2.4. MEDIUM VOLTAGE BARRIERS

The term 'busbar' refers to the conductive elements that ensure the connection.
between the arrival of the medium voltage line, the lightning rods, the fuse disconnectors and
the power transformer (EDM, 2006).

The busbars must be made of copper rods, with a diameter

minimum of 8mm, and a minimum distance of 365mm between the active parts and
among other elements (EDM, 2006).

4.2.5. LOW VOLTAGE CABLE BETWEEN THE TRANSFORMER AND THE PANEL
LOW VOLTAGE

The cable must be of the VAV (or VV) type and must ensure the connection between the
transformer and the low voltage panel.

Considering that the current on the low voltage side will be:

250 multiplied by 103

= = = 360.84 A
√3 * U √ 3 ∗ 0.4 ∗ 103

It was chosen (Annex 1.9, 1.10):

Cable VAV: 3x185mm2+ 95mm2

Acceptable current: 385 A.

20
4.2.6. LOW VOLTAGE BOARD

While the transformer rests on the upper base of the masonry, the panel of
low voltage should be housed in the lower base.

The electrical diagram of the low voltage panel is shown in the figure below.

Figure 7. Schematic of the low voltage electrical panel (EDM, 2006)

Where:

1–Cable coming from the power transformer;

2–Low voltage circuit breaker;

3–Current Transformers;

4–Active energy meter;

5–Active energy meter for public lighting;

6–Time switch or photoelectric cell;

7–Contactor for connecting street lighting;

8–Fuses for public lighting protection;

9–Fuses for output protection;

10 - Public lighting exit;

11–General outputs.

21
4.2.7. LOW VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKER

The circuit breaker relay has two settings, one for the overload value.
(Ith) and another for the short-circuit value (Ir). These parameters must be
regulated, one for the nominal value of the secondary current of the transformer and another
for the minimum indicated (EDM, 2006).

Thus, the circuit breaker must have the following specifications (Annex 1.11, 1.12):

SACE Circuit Breaker Type A3

4 Polos

Nominal voltage: Un = 660 V

Nominal current: Ith = 320 to 630 A

Cutting power: Ir = 15 to 50 kA

Thermomagnetic protection relay TMF Type A3: In = 400 A.

4.2.8. CURRENT TRANSFORMERS

Three current transformers must be installed for:

Nominal voltage: Un = 400 V, with transformation ratio: k = 400/5

4.2.9. OUTPUTS

For the outputs, VAV cables should be used up to the first pole of the network.
low voltage overhead. The output protection is done by low voltage fuses high
cut-off fuse (APC), type NH.

Cable VAV: 3x95mm2plus 50mm2(General outputs)

APC Fuse, Type NH: In = 160 A (General outputs)

Cable VAV: 2x10mm2Public lighting exits

APC Fuse, Type NH: In = 63 A (Public lighting circuits)

22
4.2.10. PUBLIC LIGHTING COMMAND

The command will be made by a photoelectric cell or by a timer switch with the
follow these specifications:

Nominal voltage: Un = 400 V

Nominal current: In = 50 A

4.2.11. SECURITY

To ensure the safety of the transformer station against direct contacts and
indirectly should be done: the service land, the protection land, and finally the
sealing.

Service Land

The service ground will be connected to the neutral of the transformer. This connection must be

made from the low voltage general board, through a removable connector (EDM,
2006).

Land of Protection

In the land of protection, the high voltage equipment masses will be connected, thus
like all the metallic parts for support and fixing of the equipment, including the
the transformer cube and the metal casing of the low voltage panel (EDM,
2006).

Sealing

For this type of transformation station, a fence should be built.

stay back at a minimum distance of 2 meters from live parts, with a
minimum height of 1.8 meters (EDM, 2006).

23
4.3. LOW VOLTAGE LINE

The low voltage network should supply power to all existing loads in the block.
including public lighting.

The low voltage distribution line section is shown in the figure below.

Figure 8. Low voltage distribution lines

The cables to be used should be of the type:

VAV 3x95mm2+ 50mm2intended to connect the output of the panel

low voltage and overhead distribution lines
ABC 4x95mm2+ 25mm2destined to make the distribution of energy, that is,
connection of loads (residences, public lighting, and others).

24
4.4. MECHANICAL EFFORTS

The installation of a tense aerial network on supports is conditioned by various factors.

what are the main mechanical stresses to which cables are subjected,
namely, weight of the conductors, distance between supports, action of the wind, and
others.

Figure 9. Cable assembly between two supports

The figure above specifies the parameters to consider during assembly.

beam span between two supports.

Where:

h = minimum height from the ground, m

H = height of the supports (not considering the foundation height), m

d = arrow at mid-span, m

L= go, m.

The mechanical sizing must be done considering the most

unfavorable assembly conditions and considering that the maximum load supported by the
insulators should consider 437 Kg (RSLEAT, 2011).

25
4.4.1. CRITICAL SPACE

The critical span is the span to which the conductors are subjected to maximum tension, and the
your calculation is given by the following expression:

24 * alpha( − ) 24 ∗ 19.1 ∗ 10-6 ∗ (25 -10 )

= ∗√ = 11.6 * √ = 122.7
2− 2 ( 8.8 * 10 -3 )2 - (4.0* 10 -3 )2

Where:

Maximum admissible tension (EDM, 2006)

Thermal expansion coefficient (Annex 1.13)

( − ) -Difference in temperature in Summer and Winter (Annex 1.14)

2− 2Difference of the square of the apparent weight of the conductor in Summer and in

Winter (Annex 1.15)

4.4.2. LOAD APPLIED ON SUPPORTS

The load applied to the supports is calculated taking into account the influence of the wind.

wind should be considered acting in a horizontal direction, and the force coming from
the action of the wind should be considered parallel to this (RSLEAT, 2011).

Therefore, it should be calculated:

1st. Force due to maximum wind on the insulator:

= ∗ ∗ ∗∅∗ = 0.6 ∗ 1.2 ∗ 75 ∗ 6.33 ∗ 10-3∗ 122.7 = 41.94 kg

Where:

Maximum wind reduction coefficient (Annex 1.15)

–Coefficient of maximum wind shape (Annex 1.15)

Dynamic wind pressure (Annex 1.15)

∅ –Diameter of the conductor (Annex 1.3)

26
 2nd. Minimum wind force on the insulator:

2 3.14 ∗ 0.2422
= ∗ ∗ ∗ = ∗ ∗ =∗
1 * 1 * 18.75 * 0.86 kg
4 4

Where:

Minimum wind reduction coefficient (Annex 1.15)

Minimum wind shape coefficient (Annex 1.15)

–Dynamic wind pressure (Annex 1.15)

–Surface area of the insulator hit by the wind (Annex 2.2)

Diameter of the HT 1018 insulator (Annex 2.2)

3rd. And finally, the useful force applied 0.40 meters from the top of the pole:

F ( 3∗ − ℎ1− ℎ2− ℎ3+ ) 3*H ( − ℎ1− ℎ2− ℎ3 )

= equrão 4.6
-0.4

41.94 (3* 10.45 - 0.4 - 1 - 1.6 + 0.86

) *3 ∗ 10.45
( − 0.4 − 1 − 1.6 )
=
10.45 − 0.4

= 120.73 kg

Where:

Usable height of the support

ℎ Distance between the driver and the top of the support

4.4.3. MAXIMUM FLEXIBILITY

The maximum current of the conductors must be determined for steady-state temperatures.
permanent. For nominal voltage lines below 66 kV, it should be considered
an assembly temperature of+50℃ (RSLEAT, 2011).

The following figure represents a conductor of a span centered on the axis of

Cartesian coordinates (x,y).

27
 Figure 10. Representation of the arrow of a span

It is considered a section of the cable that will have its own weight applied at the point
medium. The section will be subjected to the tensions e .

The moment at the point is given by:

∗ = ∗ Equation 4.7
2

Therefore the value of it will be:

∗
= equation 4.8
2*T

Considering as unit weight of the conductor, the total weight of the section it will be:

= ∗ draft 4.9

Replacing aequation 4.9naEquation 4.8:

∗ 2
= equlação 4.10
2*T

Now, considering the point as an end instead of :

= eq0ação 4.11 e =2 equation 4.12

By substituting, it is verified that the deflection of the span is given by the expression:

∗ 2
= Equation 4.13
8* 0
28
Thus, for the calculation of the maximum deflection, one must first know the tension that
the cable will be subject to, as shown in the following sequence of steps:

1st. Tension that the cable will be subjected to ( 0 ):

3 2
0− 0 (1+ 2= )3 Equation 4.14

1= ∗ ( − )− = 19.1 * 10∗-68 ∗ 10 503-( 25-11.6 =) -7.78 kg/d 2

2
∗2 ∗ 76∗ 2 8.8( * 10-3 2 ∗)8 ∗ 103
2= = 1.11 kg/㎡ 2
24 * 2 24 ∗ 11.62

2
∗2 ∗ 76∗ 2 3.48
( ∗ 10-3 2 8 )times 103
2= = 23.3 kg2
24 24

Where:

Thermal expansion coefficient (Annex 1.13)

–Elasticity module (Annex 1.13)

Assembly temperature (RSLEAT, 2011).

Temperature in the Summer hypothesis (Annex 1.14)

Weight of the conductor (Annex 1.13)

Apparent weight of the conductor in Summer (Annex 1.15)

Maximum allowable voltage (EDM, 2006)

Optimal span length (EDM, 2006)

Substituting the values in the equation, we have:

3 2
0− (
0−7.78 )
+ 1.11 = 23.3

07.13 kg/cc2

2nd. And finally, the maximum arrow:

∗ 2
= = 0.35
8* 0

29
4.4.4. ESPIONAGE

In the sizing of the stays, it must be taken into account that the angle the stay makes

with the vertical cannot be less than 30°C.

The figure below shows the measures adopted by EDM for spying.

Figure 11. Spying Measures

The value of the tension that must be supported by the guy wire is given by:

3 * 770
= = 65.07 kg
sin wave 35.5

Where:

Maximum tension supported by the cable (Annex 1.3)

- Angle formed by the stays and the support

30
 CHAPTER V - ASSEMBLY CHARACTERISTICS

The assembly characteristics described here, as well as the parts drawn in

Annex, consist of the norms and practices of Electricidade de Moçambique regarding
concerns the assembly of distribution lines and the assembly of posts
transformation.

5.1. SUPPORTS

The supports to be used are creosoted eucalyptus (Appendix 2.1), also known as
"EUCALYPTUSSALIGNA", with the following dimensions:

Altura: 12.25;.
Top diameter: 0.12 to 0.15m.

During its placement, certain conditions must be observed, such as:

The depth of the embedding: 1.80;

The height above the ground that the conductors must be: 10.00m;
A distância do topo a que os condutores serão fixados nos postes: 0.40m.
The maximum allowed spans (For Squirrel conductor): 120m.
Optimal range (For Squirrel driver): 76m

The supports can be from:

Angle (Annex 2.6, 2.7);

Alignment (Annex 2.9);
Or reinforcement, mounted every 15 to 20 alignment supports (Annex 2.11).

5.2. INSULATORS

For normal assembly in alignment on the 33 kV lines, adaptations were made.

rigid vertical axis insulators designated HT-1018 (Annex 2.2)

31
Equivalent insulators (Annex 2.3) from others can also be used.
manufacturers, as some of them have certain advantages, such as, for example, the
mounting facilities.

Some of the types of insulators that can also be used are:

STV-35 for 22/33 KV Horizontal Axis;

ALH-35 for 22/33 KV Horizontal Axis.

In the angle supports, in the tie-ins, a chain of insulators with 3 will be used
elements, designated by insulator 1110 (Annex 4).

The hardware to be used for rigid insulators and insulator chains are also
attached.

5.3. REGULATORY DISTANCES, SPAN AND ARCH

In order to ensure the safety and stability conditions of the line, the distances
the span and maximum arrow must be: 76m and 0.35m, respectively. The distances
Regulatory measures were calculated in accordance with the RSLEAT, thus being:

The distance of the conductors from the ground must not be less than 6.2 meters;
The distance from conductors to trees should not be less than 2.5 meters;
The distance of the conductors from the buildings must not be less than 4 meters;
The distance of the conductors from various obstacles must not be less than 3
metros
The distance between conductors should not be less than 0.6 meters;
The distance between conductors and supports should not be less than 0.3 meters.

5.3. ESPIONAGE

The spying must be done with 3 twisted wires of galvanized wire, or cable.
of suitable steel. The fixing point must be located 10.2 meters high from
support, while horizontally it must be 7 meters away from the support (Appendix 2.12).

32
5.4. PORTICOS

The gantries can be arrival, simple mooring, mooring with

switch or reinforcement. The detail of the assembly of the arrival portal,
escolhido para o projecto, é mostrado no anexo 2.14, 2.15, 2.16.

5.5. MASONRY BASE

It aims to set the transformer and house the low voltage panel.
indicated when the power of the transformer to be installed is greater than 100 kVA.

The dimensions of the masonry base and all are shown in annex 2.17, 2.18.
necessary meshes for your construction.

5.6. GENERAL LOW VOLTAGE FRAME

The low voltage general panel must be housed inside a metal box.
galvanized, preferably painted, with one or two doors on its front.
This cabinet must be anchored within the masonry base (Attachment 2.19).

It is imperative to affix a sign with the inscription 'DANGER OF DEATH' in the part

exterior of the doors.

5.7. PROHIBITION

All outdoor installations that have live parts energized at a height

For holes less than 6 meters deep, they must be surrounded by a fencing that maintains
any stranger at a safe distance (Annex 2.20).

The minimum distance between the horizontal projection of the pieces and the fence must be
2 meters, with a minimum height of 1.80 meters.

33
 CHAPTER VI–COST ESTIMATE

Table 2. Partial cost estimate - Assembly of PT and execution of MT Line

CITY OF MAPUTO CUSTOMER SERVICE AREA

DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING AND STATISTICS
ESTIMATE
WORK SHEET No. 00 .......... / DPE / 2016
Name: Assembly of PT 33/0.4 KV 250KVA and Medium Voltage Line ( Mali-Matola
Mali-Matola Q no. 2)
Data: ------------------- Local Mali-Matola Block 2
:
ORD DESIGNATION UN QTY V. UNIT.(Mts) [Link]
(Mts)
SUBTOTAL (1)
MT NETWORK
1 33/0.4kV transformer a 2 360,149.25 720,298.50
250KVA
2 Wooden posts of a 24 5,300.00 127,200.00
12.5m
Concrete Posts of 12m a 0 45,000.00 0.00
3 ACSR conductor a 2000 36.34 72,680.00
SQUIRREL
4 Cable VAV 3X 185mm2 + a 0 519.12 0.00
95 mm2
5 Insulators of a 35 667.50 23,362.50
chain (33kV)
6 Spices of a 35 906.75 31,736.25

34
 binding (33kV)
7 For 33 kV Rays a 6 7,397.46 44,384.76
8 Hardware for lines of a 0 7,500.00 0.00
MT
9 Drop - Out, 33 Kv one 6 9,041.34 54,248.04
10 Parallel connectors Al a 40 120.00 4,800.00
11 Iron U ml 8 3,150.60 25,204.80
12 Bolts with nut M16 a 40 85.32 3,412.80
13 Magical to transformer of a 2 23,300.00 46,600.00
250KVA
14 Bimetallic linker a 0 102.94 0.00
14 Cu Terminals 240mm2 a 10 112.60 1,126.00
15 Curved Butt Connectors a 6 112.60 675.60
240mm2
16 Complete BT cabinet a 2 120,000.00 240,000.00
16 Ground electrode 2.5m a 64 659.41 42,202.24
17 Earth Link a 4 812.12 3,248.48
18 Ground conductor 50mm2 a 200 256.05 51,210.00
cu
19 Ground stakes a 20 97.23 1,944.60
20 Land unions a 32 227.36 7,275.52
21 Complete MT spies a 7 5,479.60 38,357.20
22 Insulators a 36 735.40 26,474.40
Horizontals (33kV)
23 Service lands a 0 2,667.70 0.00
24 Pinch of a 0 323.77 0.00
suspension (33kV)
25 Protection lands One 4 360.50 1,442.00
26 Ring Spigot A 15 325.00 4,875.00
27 Cable XLPE 3X95 a 0 3,500.00 0.00
28 Terminal boxes 35mm, a 0 17,227.00 0.00
11KV
29 Cable VAV 4x240mm a 0 6,842.11 0.00

35
30 PVC pipes 110mm a 2 301.02 602.04
31 Scotch tape a 3 87.00 261.00
32 Rubber Band a 8 125.00 1,000.00
SUBTOTAL (3) 1,574,621.73
SUBTOTAL 4 = (1+2+3) 0.00
Tx. Warehouse.

TOTAL - A = (Subtotal 4 + Taxa de Armazem) 1,574,621.73

LABOR - B
36 QTD H SAL./HOUR V. TOTAL
(Mts)
37 Technician 2 240 276.59 132,762.24
38 Officers 4 240 186.26 178,809.60
39 Electricians 4 240 105.53 101,308.80
40 Assistants 10 240 55.80 133,920.00
41 TOTAL - B 546,800.64
TRANSPORT - C
42 QTD H COST/HOUR V. TOTAL
A (mts)
43 Truck 1 120 0.00 0.00
44 Crane 1 120 2,500.00 300,000.00
45 Van 0 80 450.00 36,000.00
TOTAL - C 336,000.00
SUMMARY
46 Sum ( A + B + C ) 2,457,422.37
47 Administration 10% 0.00
48 VAT 17% 417,761.80
49 Cost of Equipment Supply and Assembly 2,875,184.17
50 Security Deposit 0.00
51 Project and term of responsibility 0.00
52 Connection Fee 0.00
53 Energy Supply Contract 0.00
54 TOTAL GENERAL 2,875,184.17

36
Table 3. Partial cost estimate - Execution of BT Line

CUSTOMER SERVICE AREA OF MAPUTO.

DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING AND STATISTICS
ESTIMATE
WORK SHEET NO .......... / DPE / 2015
Name Execution of the BT Network (Mali-Matola Q no. 2) Avenue of
e: Mozambique
Data: -------------------- Crazy Mali-Matola Q No. 2
l:
ORD DESIGNATION UN QTD V. [Link] (Mts)
UNIT.(Mts)
BT NETWORK

1 Wooden Post 9 A 450 3,835.72 1,726,074.00

mm2
2 Twisted cable 4x95 A 21600 304.56 6,578,496.00
mm2 + 25 mm2
3 NH 160A fuses A 8 118.07 944.56
4 Tie pins 50 A 120 167.71 20,125.20
5 Suspension bushings A 350 325.00 113,750.00
6 M16 Spikes A 450 372.50 167,625.00
7 NH 63A fuses a 8 55.00 440.00
8 Cable VAV 3x95 mm2 + A 120 1,426.73 171,207.60
50 mm2
9 PC3 connectors A 1050 88.80 93,240.00
10 PC1 connectors One 450 86.20 38,790.00
11 Complete spies A 120 4,326.00 519,120.00
SUBTOTAL (1) 9,429,812.36

37
13 a 0 24,000.00 0.00
SUBTOTAL (3) 0.00
SUBTOTAL 4 = (1+2+3) 0.00
Tx. Warehouses.

TOTAL - A = (Subtotal 4 + Taxa de Armazem) 0.00

LABOR - B
11 QTD H SAL./HOUR V. TOTAL (Mts)
12 Technician 1 240 276.59 66,381.12
13 Officers 2 240 186.26 89,404.80
14 Electricians 4 240 105.53 101,308.80
15 Assistants 5 240 55.80 66,960.00
16 TOTAL - B 324,054.72
TRANSPORT - C
17 QTD H COST/HO TOTAL VALUE (Mts)
RA
18 Truck 1 120 0.00 0.00
19 Crane 1 120 2,500.00 300,000.00
20 Van 1 80 450.00 36,000.00
TOTAL - C 336,000.00
SUMMARY
21 Soma ( A + B + C ) 10,089,867.08
22 Administration 10% 0.00
23 VAT 17% 1,715,277.40
24 Cost of Equipment Supply and Assembly 11,805,144.48
25 Security Deposit 0.00
26 Project and term of responsibility 0.00
27 Connection Fee 0.00
28 Energy Supply Contract 0.00
29 TOTAL GENERAL 11,805,144.48

38
Table 4. Estimate of the total cost of the Expansion project

N Description Material Source of Cost

º Financing
o
1 Assembly of PT 33/0.4 2 Transformers EDM 2,875,184.17
KV 250KVA and of power
Execution of Network 250kVA, 1.8km of
MT (Mali-Matola, Squirrel line
Block No. 2
Execution of the Network 20km of LXS line EDM 11,805,144.4
BT (Mali-Matola, twisted 8
Block No. 2
Total
14,680,328.6
5

39
 CHAPTER VII – CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

7.1. CONCLUSIONS

During the preparation of this electrical network expansion proposal, it was taken into account

list the main factors that can influence operating conditions

the stability of an electrical network, namely, topographical characteristics and
climatic characteristics. The norms of the EDM and some of the
regulations used in Mozambique, namely: RSLEAT and RSRDEEBT.
Therefore, it is concluded that this project should be approved and implemented, as
during its operation, safety conditions will be guaranteed and
normal operation of the network.

All the objectives set out in the work were achieved; however, it was noted
what:

Two transformation stations of 250 kVA each will be sufficient to supply

the current demand of 335 kVA, and future demand of 428 kVA, taking into account the rate

of growth of 5% for a period of 5 years.

The conductors that best fit medium and low voltage lines
are: SQUIRREL and LXS (4x95mm2+25mm2) respectively, as the drop
the voltage in each conductor is within the acceptable range (∆U% < 8%);
The spans to be adopted for medium and low voltage lines are 76 and 40 meters.
respectively. With a maximum deflection of 0.35 meters.
In order to implement the proposed solution in this work, the EDM must
invest about 14,680,328.65 MT.

Developing this project was a productive experience, as it allowed

consolidate the various technical and scientific knowledge acquired over the
academic training, as this is the main objective of the professional internship.

40
7.2. RECOMMENDATIONS

It is recommended to comply with all the conditions described throughout the

project, if implemented, as this is what the good functioning depends on
from the network.

In case of any eventuality that implies a change in any aspect

during the execution of the project, it is recommended that this change be in
compliance with electrical line safety regulations.

In the medium term, it is recommended that the EDM interconnect the two posts.
of transformations proposed in order to provide some redundancy to the future network
electricity of the Mali-Matola neighborhood.

41
BIBLIOGRAPHY

CEMIG. (2014). Project of Urban Aerial Distribution Networks. Minas Gerais.

CITT. (n.d.). Mechanical Calculation: Deflections and Stresses. In C. of Technology, Design

Transmission Lines (p. 4). Don Bosco University.

EDM. (2006). Assembly of Medium Voltage Lines. Maputo.

EDM. (2006). Rural Transformation Posts. Maputo.

EDM. (2006).Selecção de Tabelas e [Link].

EUROCABOS. (1999). Catalog of Energy, Telephone and Special Cables.

South Africa.

Filipe, M. O. (2009). Medium Voltage Air Lines. Brazil.

GLOVER J. Duncan, SARMA Mulukutla, OVERBYE Thomas. (2012). Power System

Analysis and Design. United States: Cengage Learning.

Marcos, F. (2013). Sizing of Components.

Moisés, L. (2011).Construção de Redes de Distribuiçã[Link]á.

RSLEAT. (2011). REGULATION ON THE SAFETY OF ELECTRIC LINES

OF HIGH VOLTAGE. Maputo: National Press of Mozambique, E.P.

SOLIDAL. (n.d.).Guia Técnico de Cabos Eléctricos.

42
ANNEX–1 TABLES

43
Table 5. Simultaneity factor.

Table 6. Utilization factor.

Table 7. Characteristics of ACSR conductors

44
Table 8. Technical characteristics of ACSR conductors

Table 9. Economic current density of conductors.

45
Table 10. Physical, mechanical and electrical characteristics of conductors

Table 11. Nominal voltages of lightning rods

Nominal voltage of the Rated voltage of the lightning rods
Network (kV) Isolated neutral Neutral to ground
6.6 7.2 6
11 12 12
22 24 24
33 36 33

Table 12. Link Calibration for Drop-Outs

Power of Voltages (kV)

Transformer 6.6 11 22 33
(kV) In FIRST In FIRST In FIRST In FIRST

46
30 2.6 3 1.6 2 0.8 1 0.5 1
50 4.4 6 2.6 3 1.3 2 0.9 1
100 8.7 10 5.2 6 2.6 3 1.8 2
160 14 15 8.4 10 4.2 6 2.8 3
200 15.5 20 10.5 12 5.3 6 3.5 6
250 21.9 25 13.1 15 6.6 8 4.4 6
315 28 30 16.5 20 8.3 10 5.5 6

Table 13. Sections to be used for tripolar VAV cables with neutral

Table 14. Sections to be used for three-phase cables with neutral

47
Table 15. Sizing of circuit breakers.

48
Table 16. Relay sizing for circuit breaker

49
Table 17. Mechanical characteristics of ACSR conductors

WEIGHT BY
UNIT OF
DESIGNATION MODULE OF COEFFICIENT LOAD OF
SECTION OF
ELASTICITY DE BREAK
DRIVER PO
E (KG/MM2) DILATION (KG)
(KG/MM2M)
LINEAR (°C)

Squirrel 3.48 times 10-3 8*103 191-6 806

Ferret 3.48 times 10-3 8*103 19.1 times 10-6 1550

Mink 34.6-3 8*103 19.1*10-6 2223

Table 18. Conditions for the installation of overhead cables

ZONE INTERIOR COASTAL

Temperatura:θv= 25o Temperatura:θvequals 20o
Wind Pressure Hypothesis dynamic of Pressure dynamic of the
maximum in summer wind wind
qv= 75 kg/m2 qv 75 kg/m2

Temperatura:θI= 10oC Temperatura:θi= 5oC

Wind Pressure Hypothesis dynamic of Pressure dynamics of
reduced in winter wind wind
qi18.75 kg/m2 qi18.75 kg/m2

Condições de flecha Temperatura: θm=60ºC Temperatura:θm=60ºC

maximum
Arrow conditions Temperature: θm=10ºC Temperatura:θm=5ºC
minimum

Table 19. Apparent weight of the Squirrel conductor

HYPOTHESIS c q (kg/m2) F1 F2 p o F22 1

(kg/mm2m)
F (kg/mm2m)
Maximum wind (summer) 0.6 1.2 75 8.04 times 10F-3v= 8.8 * 10-3
Reduced wind 0.6 1.2 18.75 2.01*10-3 Fi= 4.0*10-3
(winter)

50
ANNEX–2 DRAWINGS

51
Figure 12. Support (Pole)

52
Figure 13. Rigid insulators and their fittings

53
Figure 14. Other rigid insulators used

54
Figure 15. Insulators for chains

55
Figure 16. Composition of ACSR cables

56
Figure 17. Angle support

57
Figure 18. Details of the corner support

58
Figure 19. List of materials for angle support

59
Figure 20. Alignment Supports

60
Figure 21. List of materials for alignment support

61
Figure 22. Reinforcement support

62
Figure 23. Details of spying

63
Figure 24. List of materials for spying

64
Figure 25. Detail of the arrival portico

65
Figure 26. Arrival portal for assembly of P.T Type M2

66
Figure 27. Arrival portal for assembly of P.T Type M2

67
Where:

68
Figure 28. Details of the masonry base

69
Figure 29. Iron mesh for the masonry base

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Figure 30. General low voltage panel

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Where:

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Figure 31. Details of the enclosure

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