"YEAR OF THE PERUVIAN BICENTENNIAL: 200 YEARS"

OF INDEPENDENCE
SAN LUIS UNIVERSITY
GONZAGA
FACULTY OF MINING AND METALLURGY

SCHOOL OF METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING

Gold analysis
by dry route

MEMBERS

Type Pino Ángel Fernando

Bolívar Campos Xiomara
Ramírez Rojas Pedro Arturo
Tenorio Abad Miracles
De La Torre Ramírez Yurico
Ayala García Rosalinda Juanita
TEACHER: ING. Alarcón
Espinoza Miguel

COURSE: CONCENTRATION
OF MINERALS IIING.

CYCLE: V "B"

2021
 INDEX

1. DEDICATION:.......................................................................................................3

2. GUIDE OF LABORATORY PRACTICES...............................................................4

i. PRESENTATION:.................................................................................................4

ii. SUMMARY:.............................................................................................................4

iii. INTRODUCCIÓN..................................................................................................5

iv. INSTRUCTIONS FOR LABORATORY USE........................................7

a) STANDARDS GENERAL...................................................................................7

b) STANDARDS TO HANDLE INSTRUMENTS AND PRODUCTS..........7

c) PROCEDURES FIRST AID AND EMERGENCY:..........8

3. FRAME THEORETICAL...............................................................1

4. MATERIALS AND REAGENTS...............................................................................2

5. PROCESS EXPERIMENTAL..................................................................................3

Procedures...........................................................................................................3

6. CONCLUSION........................................................................................................14

7. BIBLIOGRAPHY......................................................................................................15
 DEDICATION:

This report is dedicated first and foremost to God for allowing us to reach this point and
having given us health, being the spring of life and giving us what we need to move forward day by day to
achieve our goals, in addition to their infinite kindness and love.
To our parents, for supporting us at all times, for their advice, their values, for the
constant motivation that has allowed us to be good people, but more than anything, because of your
love. To our parents for the examples of perseverance and consistency that characterize them and that do not
they have always instilled, for the courage shown to move forward and for their love and thanks to those
important people in our lives, who are always there to offer us all their help.
All the members of the group who supported and made this report possible, for their
responsibility, for your friendship, trust, good teamwork, excellent communication and about
Everything to overcome limits in this academic cycle.
 2. LABORATORY PRACTICE GUIDE

i. PRESENTATION:
Transformative metallurgy is one of the important pillars in the economy of countries around the world.
and within this the quality control, through Chemical and Instrumental Analysis, as a tool
which allows for the determination of analytes in solid, gaseous, and primarily in samples
solutions that ultimately determine the life of a mining - metallurgical project.

The laboratory report must comply with appropriate presentation conditions and content.
It should clearly reflect the work developed. The structure should follow the usual guidelines of
any technical report, that is, it will be presented divided into the following points:
Introduction
Objective
Competencies to be developed
Material to be used
Raw materials (Reagents/Supplies) quantities to be used
Methodology
Description of the development of the practice
Achievement indicators and evaluation criteria
Observaciones
Clothing
Bibliographic references
Results and conclusions

ii. SUMMARY:

The subject of Mineral Concentration II is of a theoretical-practical nature, corresponding to

type of studies Its purpose is to provide the student with knowledge.
related to mineral concentration techniques except for the flotation process;
making use of various properties such as gravity, magnetism, charged particles, etc. Their
study includes 04: units:
UNIT I: Gravimetric Concentration
UNIT II Gravitational Concentration second part.
UNIT III
UNIT IV Electrostatic Concentration and Modern Technologies.
 iii. INTRODUCTION

The concentration of minerals is the operation in which the grade or concentration is elevated.
percentage) of a specific ore or mineral, through the use of solid separation equipment
solid thus producing the segregation of two or more mineral species and generating a current
enriched in a mineral of interest.

For this, two separation methods can be implemented as follows:

a. Methods that employ different physical or volumetric properties of substances

minerals.

The group of technologies that associates with these methods is characterized by being strongly
dependent on the particle size and the differential properties generated by the separation
they can be:

Difference in sedimentation speed, through the difference in density of the solids

Gravimetric concentration.
Difference of movement in a magnetic field of variable intensity, through the
difference in the magnetic susceptibility of minerals (Magnetic Concentration).
Sticking to jumping off a metal plate due to differences in electrical conductivity
when the particles are within an electric field (Electric Concentration).

b. Methods that use physical-chemical surface properties, such as:

The adsorption or non-adsorption of water on the surface of the solid, therefore, those that adsorb water
humectants (hydrophilic) and others absorb water (for example, sulfur, talc, graphite, and molybdenite).
Those that do not absorb water (for example, sulfur, talc, graphite, and molybdenite) will be rejected by the
water medium and if they are placed near an air bubble, they would come out embedded in it and float. The
previous implies other conditions that will be detailed later.
Selective adsorption of a surfactant in such a way that aggregation occurs.
select a mineral or several minerals and keep the other accompanying minerals dispersed.
which is very useful when processing ultra-fine grain size minerals (between 10.0 and 1.0 µm) and
colloids (<1.0 µm). In each of the cases, if the surfactant is a polymer, the process is known
as selective flocculation and if it is an ion that forms an inorganic complex it is known as
selective coagulation.

Table 1 shows the different concentration methods that are commonly used industrially and the
differential properties used by each of them; as well as the names of the devices most
employees.

In order to achieve an adequate separation, there must be at least one between the minerals to be separated.
property that has relatively different values, such as specific gravity, susceptibility
magnetic, electrical conductivity or a very different surface physicochemical response. This
the property will be called DIFFERENTIAL PROPERTY

The general objective will be to enrich the removed mineral while minimizing losses.
from the useful mineral as soon as possible.
Table 1.

Different Methods of Mineral Concentration and Some Employed Equipment

Method Name Properties used for Main devices

overcome

Gravitational Concentration Difference in speed of Settler, Hydrocyclone. Jig.

sedimentation of minerals Canalón; canaletas, Mesa
Vibratory, Special, Cones of
centrifugal separation, between
others.
Magnetic Concentration Magnetic susceptibility Magnetic separator of
attraction or not in front of a drum, magnetic rollers.
magnet and magnet Magnetic separator type
"carousel", etc.
Electric concentration Electrical conductivity Electric separator and columns
of flotation.
Froth flotation Hydrophobicity and/or hydrophilicity Flotation cells and columns
of the mineral (whether it is a mine or not) of flotation.
Selective flotation Specific adsorption of a Settler
polymer and formation of
flocculus
Selective Coagulation Specific ion adsorption Settler
inorganics and formation of a
clot

Figure 1 shows two concentration processes in common machines with the different products.
that are obtained: concentrates, middlings, and tails.

Some machines like the vibrating table and the spiral generate three products; however, this is not.
a typical situation, which would be concentrated, means, and queues.
iv. LABORATORY USAGE INSTRUCTIONS

a) GENERAL RULES.

Wear the necessary PPE, wear a gown and always keep it properly fastened, this way you will protect your clothing.
if you have long hair, tie it up.

Store your winter clothes and backpacks or personal items in a closet or place and do not leave them out.
On the work table, do not wear items or objects that hinder your mobility.

Look for moving back and forth aimlessly and, above all, do not run inside the
laboratory.

Always keep your hands clean and dry. If you have any wounds, cover them.

No smoking, eating or drinking in the laboratory, nor testing or ingesting the products.

In case of an accident, burn or injury, report it immediately to the

professor.

Remember where the first aid kit is located.

And depending on the case, they will refer you to the FIMM topic.

Keep the work area clean and organized.

b) RULES FOR HANDLING INSTRUMENTS AND PRODUCTS.

Before handling an electrical device or assembly, disconnect it from the power supply.

Do not operate an electrical circuit without the teacher having checked it.
installation.

Do not use any tool or machine without knowing how to use it, read the PETs first.
team, know the specific operation and safety regulations.

Handle fragile materials with special care, for example: glass instruments.

Inform the teacher about the broken or damaged material.

Wash your hands with soap after touching any chemical product.

At the end of the practice, clean and organize the materials used, as well as the work area.

If you accidentally splash yourself, wash the affected area with plenty of water. If it splashed on the table,
Clean it with water and then dry it with a cloth.

Avoid contact with heat sources. Do not handle substances near them.
flammable.

To hold or remove it from the fire, use tongs.

Never look directly inside the oven without using PPE.

 All flammable products must be stored in a suitable place and separated from the
acids, bases, and oxidizing reagents.

Strong acids and bases must be handled with great caution, as most are
corrosive and, if they fall on the skin or clothing, they can produce injuries and burns
important.

Before using waxes, be well informed about the safety data sheet of the same.

c) FIRST AID AND EMERGENCY PROCEDURES:

The most common accidents in a laboratory are: cuts and wounds, burns or corrosions,
splashing in the eyes and ingestion of chemicals.

I. 1.- CUTS AND WOUNDS.

Wash the affected body part with water and soap. It's okay to let the wound bleed a little, as this
helps to prevent infection. Apply hydrogen peroxide afterward and cover with gauze (linitul), seal
then with sterilized gauze and hold with adhesive tape or bandage. If the bleeding persists or has
remains of strange objects (sharp objects, pieces of glass, etc.), the topic of the
FIMM.

II. 2.- BURNS OR CORROSIONS.

Due to fire or hot surfaces. Do not wash the wound with water. Treat it with aqueous solution.
a very diluted alcoholic solution of picric acid (1%) or special burn ointment and
however.
For acids, on the skin. Cut the clothing soaked in acid as quickly as possible.
Pour plenty of water on the affected area. Neutralize the acidity of the skin with a solution of
sodium bicarbonate at 1%. (If dealing with nitric acid, use borax solution at
2%). Then it will sell.
For alkalis, on the skin. Apply abundant water and rinse with boric acid, 2% solution.
% acetic acid at 1%. After drying, cover the affected area with ointment and bandage.
For other chemical products. In general, wash well with water and soap.

III. 3.- SPLASHES IN THE EYES.

For acids. Immediately after the accident, rinse both eyes with large amounts of water.
with warm water if possible. Keep your eyes open so that the water penetrates.
under the eyelids. Continue irrigating for at least 15 minutes. A
next, wash the eyes with a 1% sodium bicarbonate solution with assistance
from the ocular bath, renewing the solution two or three times, finally leaving in contact
for 5 minutes.
For alkalis. Immediately after the accident, irrigate both eyes with large amounts of water.
of water, warm if possible. Keep the eyes open, so that the water penetrates
under the eyelids. Continue irrigation for at least 15 minutes. A
next, rinse the eyes with a 1% boric acid solution using the eye bath
ocular, renewing the solution two or three times, leaving in contact for 5 last
minutes.

IV. 4.- INGESTION OF CHEMICAL PRODUCTS.

Before any specific action: URGENT MEDICAL ATTENTION REQUEST.

Remove the harmful agent from contact with the patient. Do not give anything by mouth or induce them to do so.
vomit.
Corrosive acids. Never induce vomiting. Administer magnesium hydroxide slurry in large amounts.
quantities. Manage large amounts of milk.
 Corrosive alkalis. Never induce vomiting. Administer plenty of sips of
1% acetic acid solution. Administer large amounts of milk.

Arsenic and its compounds. Induce vomiting by putting fingers in the mouth of the
patient until touching the uvula. With each vomiting, give abundant sips of salt water.
warm. Administer 1 glass of warm water with two tablespoons (no more than 30 g)
of MgSO4·7 H2O or 2 tablespoons of magnesium milk (magnesium oxide in
water).
Mercury and its compounds. Administer 2 to 4 glasses of water immediately.
. Induce vomiting by inserting fingers into the patient's mouth until touching their...
tinkerbell. For each vomiting, give abundant sips of warm salt water. Administer 15.
g of UNIVERSAL ANTIDOTE in half a glass of warm water.
. (UNIVERSAL ANTIDOTE: two parts activated charcoal, one part magnesium oxide,
tannic acid 1 part.
. Administer 1/4 liter of milk.

Lead and its compounds. Administer 1 glass of lukewarm water with two tablespoons.
(no more than 30 g) of MgSO4·7 H2O or 2 tablespoons of slurry of
magnesia (magnesium oxide in water). Administer 2 to 4 glasses of water
immediately. Induce vomiting by putting fingers in the patient's mouth
until ringing the bell. Administer 15 g of UNIVERSAL ANTIDOTE in the middle
glass of lukewarm water.

V. WASTE MANAGEMENT IN THE LABORATORY:

TYPE
Chemicals BIOLOGICAL RADIOACTIVE OFFICE INERTES

Toxic solvents waste Acetate of uranium batteries, Waste what

halogenated biological and of to the deposit them
waste with metals procedures: Radioactive sources in Batteries, in a filling
heavy, bromide of needles, blades, teams sanitary no
etidio, others scalpel. Consider: C14, tritium Tubes to present
(H3), S32, Na 32, I 125 fluorescent transformation
Flammable: oil
Waste short acetate of uranium physical chemistry
ceras, paraffin
piercing sources radioactive in
solvents no
teams, others. toner
halogens formalin
Gather separate for
acetonitrile, others.
radionuclide
Corrosives: everyone Measure e to inform
the acids y bases, activity dpm/5ml for
solids and liquids. each container.
Embrace of > 4400 dpm/g (ml) or
Reagents:
storage 74 bcq is radioactive, yes
peroxides, solids
is younger no it
oxidizing flammable
radioactive. (consider
(chlorates, nitrates)
dangerousness of the
matrix)
VI. CHEMICAL RISK SYMBOL
 PRACTICE NO. 01
LABORATORY PRACTICE GUIDE
MINERAL CONCENTRATION II - FIRST SEMESTER - 2021 - INSTRUCTOR:
MAG. ALCAJER ALARCON ESPINOZA
I. TITLE: "GOLD ANALYSIS BY DRY METHOD BY THE METHOD OF
FIRE TEST AND BY THE NEWMONT METHOD TRIM
Laboratory Environment: F02L01LA93 - Pavilion: "Laboratory No. 2"

II. OBJECTIVES:

II.1. That the student has exact knowledge of the equipment, materials, and reagents that
are required to carry out all the laboratory practices of the present semester.
II.2. Each student must achieve competence.

III. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:

Calculate the law of gold and identify the fluxes and their use.
Know the different sample preparation methods for subsequent analysis
through instrumental methods.
Be able to decide which technique to use for a given application.
- Conocer los métodos y técnicas acoplados.

IV. SKILLS TO DEVELOP:

Assess the importance of laboratory practices.

Design and conduct experiments, as well as analyze and interpret data.
Add value to raw materials, transfer the conditions at an experimental level.
of the processes and project technological innovations to the industrial processes.
.
V. MATERIALS, TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT TO BE USED:
Samples of various minerals.
Crushing equipment in general (Crushers,
mills, pulverizers, etc.
Foundry furnaces, with accessories.
Crucibles, cupels, slag collectors, capsules, etc.
Ingot molds, hammer, anvil, pliers, etc.
Reagents: Acids, fluxes, salts, hydroxides, etc.
Classified materials (glass, iron, porcelain, wood, and plastic.
Digital scale, Micro scale
Tayler series Mesh Game for ordinary plaster and brush case

Crucible tongs (or its substitute such as pliers)

Crucible or its substitute
Attack plan.
Spectrophotometer.
Extracting hood.
 Stainless steel containers
Cell phone or camera for photos and videos.

VI. METHODOLOGY:
Trabajo individual: cada estudiante realizará la identificación de los diversos, equipos
tools, materials, and reagents used in the completion of the work
assigned in this course.
The methodology and complementary pedagogical strategies are established that allow
find alternative solutions to the problem.
The evaluation system is defined, which will always be participatory both individually
how to work in teams among students.

VII. DESCRIPTION OF THE PRACTICE DEVELOPMENT:

PROCEDURE:
1.-The students place the instruments, equipment, and materials on the worktable that
they will be used in the development of the course.
2.- They execute a classification according to the material from which they are constructed or manufactured.
(Iron, glass, plastic, wood, and others).
3.- They place the necessary reagents for the development of the practices on the work table.
of the course laboratory.
4.- Classify the reagents into Acids, Salts, Hydroxides, Oxides, Metals, Non-metals, and others.
5.- Describe each of the instruments, equipment, and reagents, indicating their use and the
care that must be taken.
 [Link] INDICATORS AND EVALUATION CRITERIA
Follow laboratory safety protocol, use the equipment's PPE.
tools and safety sheet of the substances used according to the
nature of the course.
CRITERION OF
Indicator
EVALUATION

INQUIRY AND Know the procedure to be developed.

EXPERIMENTATION - Identify the laboratory materials and learn their use
they in a practical guide.
Recognize the biosecurity rules for work
experimental.
Applies skills and abilities for the achievement of the product.
laboratory
ATTITUDE Shows interest, active participation, and expresses his
opinions.

[Link]:

The good execution of this practice will depend on the interest,

prior knowledge of the chemistry course and fundamentally of the
knowledge of the general and specific properties of matter
[Link] (PPE):

safety helmet
Safety glasses
Respirator
Dust coat
Gloves
Steel toe safety boots
 3. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

The Fire Assay Method consists of producing a fusion of the sample using
Suitable reagents and fluxes to obtain two liquid phases: one slag consisting of
mainly by complex silicates and a metallic phase consisting of lead, the
which collects the metals of interest.
NEWMONT RETAIL method: This analysis is applicable to samples that
They usually have thick terrain (Charpa) that can distort the result in
a preferential lot analysis due to the seed effect produced by effects of
sampling.
(Au and Ag); which will later be subjected to Analysis
Chemical or gravimetric determination,
according to final conditions of the sample

Fire Assay Method The basis is founded on the

property that lead has in collecting metals
precious Ag and Au at high temperature and then this regulus
Pb is oxidized leaving a dore of Ag and Au in the crucible.
Quantitative method for Ag and Au

The lead from the formed regulus is separated from the valuable part by being oxidized and
absorbed up to 98% along with some metallic impurities by a cupel
of magnesite, and the rest is volatilized as PbO or in the form of Pb2O3, in the
collation process, resulting in a non-oxidizable button made of metals
nobles known as dore.
Flux
The flux is a chemical product used in the welding process and in manufacturing.
printed circuits and other electronic components. It serves, among other functions, to
isolate from air contact, dissolve and eliminate the oxides that may form and
favoring the permeability of the base material by the molten filler metal,
ensuring that the filler metal can flow and distribute in the joint.
They are usually supplied in the form of powder, paste, or liquid and are mixtures of many
chemical components, among which are borates, fluorides, borax, boric acid and
wetting agents.
WHAT EACH REAGENT IS USED FOR
Flux (Funder)
1. Join the spheres of the integrated circuits to the packages
microelectronics
2. Perform any micro soldering with lead or lead-free.
3. BGA repair

ANALYSIS BY DRY METHOD

1
 4. Solder various 'Flip Chip' components
5. Solder SMD components or integrated circuits
6. Make general touches and retouches.
7. Clean the circuits of remnants and residues
Clay (Use for chemical processes)

DRY ANALYSIS 2
4. MATERIALS AND REAGENTS

Mineral sample
-Cone
Founders
Rifle splitter
Ring sprayer
Oven
Flux
- Clay

DRY ANALYSIS 3
 5. EXPERIMENTAL PROCESS

a. GOLD ANALYSIS BY FIRE ASSAY

Procedures:
First step:
We carry out the mechanical preparation of a sulfide, to then be homogenized, to pass
for a quartering, and the pulverization, to then weigh 20g of the sample plus the fluxes
what we will use to later put it in the oven and start the melting.
First, we homogenize the sample between 200 or 250g of the 1k that we have for
subsequently take to the ring sprayer.
For this homogenization, we will use the cone method, for this we will do it in
a flat surface where we carefully place the sample in the cone to then
repeat this step 3 times

According to step

For the quartering, we place the sample on a flat surface to then flatten it and
split it into 4 halves, then take the opposite sides to reduce the amount
as a sample.
Another method could also be the rifle cutter which would be a separation.
much faster, but that is usually for large quantity samples.

DRY METHOD ANALYSIS

4
Third step:
We add in a pot with the rings of the
pulverizer.
Continuing, we will enter the sample with
be very careful not to lose it on the edges
circles and we place the lid to then
take it to the pulverizer.

We proceed to turn on the equipment, which will make a movement that will cause it to move and
We closed to avoid the noise and dust and monitored for about 5 minutes.

Fourth step:
In this case, we see another method, the rifle cutter which would be a much.
faster, but that is usually for large quantity samples.
There are smaller quartering machines, first I add the sample, it goes through the rifles and then
pass the sample to one tray and the other sample falls into the other tray, separating it in half
half.

DRY METHOD ANALYSIS

5
 b. DRY ANALYSIS OF GOLD BY THE NEWMONT METHOD

Procedures:
Step one: Sample preparation.

Receipt of the sample.

It is taken to the crusher and it is verified that the sample has a minimum of
80% mesh-10.
Homogenize and quarter by increments with a JIS shovel until obtaining 500 grams.
of sample.
It is sprayed with a V200 pot, which can vary from 1 to 2 minutes depending on the
characteristic of mineral.
Once the process is finished, we will have coarse sample (-200) and fine sample (+200).
The samples are undergoing the analysis process.

Step two: Quality control materials.

It will contain at least the following quality control samples per rack/Batch.
analyst

The fine part (-200) analysis in triplicate (MNS)

The thick part (+200) a single analysis (PLS)
An analytical white (BLK)
A reference material whose assigned values have been determined by
consensus, comparison and/or certification.
Instrumental or gravimetric completion depending on the analyte's grade

Step three: Partitioning process

DRY ANALYSIS 6
The distribution process is already starting in the porcelain crucible and at the completion
whoever is by this instrumental method and by the gravimetric method.

Step 04: Weighing of samples

From the fine, three envelopes are separated from the 95% that has passed three envelopes with

the same sample, the ideal is to weigh 30g, the more representative samples
it's better, the final result of gold, but there are samples that do not allow you to
weigh 30 g for the same characteristic of the sample sometimes you have to lower it to 20 or
sometimes you have to lower it to 10 because this goes hand in hand with the addition of nitrate of
potassium.
I add 30 of potassium nitrate, it may happen that in the end there is an overflow issue.
because the excess of potassium nitrate can cause a violent reaction inside the furnace
and this leads to the sample reacting and starting to overflow, and upon overflowing it is
totally loses the analysis itself.
It is recommended to reduce it from 20 to 10 to also lower the nitrate concentration.
the counter characteristic is very important, it shows at the moment of weighing
And the addition of nitrate is also very important.
It is important to run a preliminary test to know how much nitrates we are going to reach.
Show it to see if you will lower the sample.

Step five: Homogenization

ANALYSIS BY DRY METHOD

7
For example, 170 grams of flux is added (which is a mixture of litharge and borax)
and carbonates).
Care must be taken when homogenizing zinc concentrate samples, due to the fact that
It is a fairly complicated matrix due to the content of sulfides present in the sample.
Step six: Selection of crucibles
The selection of crystals is also important.
Generally, crucibles of different sizes are lent, but the most commercial ones
The most common are 30, 40, and 50 grams; here we will focus on 40 and 50 grams.

40 grams are used for samples of Cu concentrate, Pb, Pb/Bi, and Ag concentrate.
AND 50g. For those that are concentrated in Zn, carbonated samples, heads and
tailings.

Step seven: Control parameters

In this part of the process, for example, the weighing and the addition of the scale.
with calibrated pattern weights.

Granulometry of the sample

Physical contrast of the sample where it must have the same color, the
same build
Verification of physical codes with the system, which must have a code of the
I stay at the end.

Step eight: Laboratory casting

The foundry is divided into three parts, not three stages; generally a foundry is.
it has an approximate time of 1 hour to 1 hour and 10 minutes, then in this time the
The foundry must start the process with a low flame of 850°C for 20 minutes.
At this point, it is important to ensure that the crystals are not exceeded, it is very
The topic of the foundry is important, and this is where the casting has to be taken care of, to see that.
process because there where the reaction is most violent.

ANALYSIS BY DRY METHOD

8
Once the 20 minutes have passed, the temperature generally increases to 950 °C for 25.
minutes and finally the temperature is raised to 1080°C for 30 minutes.

Step nine: The Slag

When we analyze the retouch method we do not throw away the slag, we
we melt it again and add 1.5 grams of flour to obtain a more or
less than 25 grams is added a small amount of flux only and is
melt the slag again in the same crucible that was initially melted where it
I obtained a ruler.
In the end, these two rulers are joined together and are coupled with greater capacity.

The final product of the casting process is the ingot with today's mentions I say
gold and silver do not have the ability to connect non-precious elements.

Step ten: Cleaning of residues

As you can see in the image, it is shiny, clean, well-formed, and it has no porosity.
this is the product of a good weighing of a good dosing and a
good casting.
Because all that part is sanitation, you are assured that you will get a good
result.

DRY ROUTE ANALYSIS9

After obtaining this clean and ideally processed regulus, you arrive at the process of
crushing of concentrates.

It has a purpose for the coupling to have a better absorption capacity.

As well as removing the slag residues that can stick to the regulus
for it to be a clean collection.

Step eleven: Copulation Process

In the flux, he interfered with lead as lead oxide when you get to melt.
through a reaction by the heat vibration of the entire slag mineral and
everything else forms a metallic lead.
And within the metallic lead is gold and silver, then in the cupellation once that
if you remove a slag, you have to eliminate the lead, and it should only yield gold
silver, so for that you have to, by your co-creation that if you put a co-creation that
98% of the lead is absorbed, it volatilizes again and turns into lead oxide, and you are left with
only in the final part of the cup.
That the color of the crucible at the beginning was white and now it is a yellow color and that color
yellow indicates the same coloration that the flux has and that your addiction is when
you are homogenizing.

1
DRY METHOD ANALYSIS
0
Step twelve: Collection
Place the crucibles in the cupellation furnace for a time of 20 minutes at 950°C.
to dry them.
Place the lead roll in each couplet

Bake in the oven for approximately 50 to 60 minutes at 950°C.

There are two representative samples, which are:

If the law is low, you finalize it by instrumental.
If the law is high, you finish it by gravimetry.

Step thirteen: Digestion by Aas

The bags are placed in 10 ml tubes as appropriate.
Then add 1 ml of 20% HNO3 to a
approx. temperature. We need to make sure that
when the analysis is at 130°C for 15
minutes we have to ensure that the pain is
completely dissolved.
Once we ensure that this is dissolved
completely dissolve in nitric acid
We can now add the 3ml of acid (HNO3).
hydrochloric (AgCl) not before.

1
DRY ANALYSIS
1
We realize at the base of the tube it has not finished breaking, and at the moment of
quantifying will not quantify us correctly.
Then, we let it cool until the nitrous vapors are eliminated.
Then start to dilute 10 ml with deionized water, then shake and send it to
reading by AAS.
Reading By Ass
Optimize the instrumental equipment with a Cu standard of 5 ppm.
We select our method.
We generate a reading template.
Develop the calibration curve.
Read the samples, batch.

Step fourteen: Gravimetric Determination

Place the gold in a porcelain crucible with approximately 15 ml of 15% HNO3.

temperature of 80°C to 90°C for 40 minutes.
The end of the reaction is verified and 1 or 2 ml of concentrated HNO3 is added, and it
raise the temperature to 160°C for 20 minutes, remove from the griddle.
Once the crucible has cooled, the gold is decanted and washed twice with deionized water.
and the third wash with 15% NH4OH. The crucible is dried on the hot plate and calcined.
in the oven at a temperature of 600°C for 10 minutes.
The Bunsen burner is used.
Once the crucible is cold, the gold is weighed on the ultramicrobalance.

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 Bunsen burner

Here we have
in a lighter
bunsen how
it is calcined, 9 crucibles.

Step Fifteen: Incubation Process

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When we are digesting by gravimetry with 15% nitric acid, you realize that
It doesn't react now, we only realize when it's cooking already.
this characteristic golden color that is a shiny orange does not form if it is not
It forms a silver color, then we realize that there was not a good separation.
of gold in silver, then we process to weigh it on the micro scale.
Once we weigh it on the micro scale, it increases by a proportion of three.
If it weighs 10 ml of the seed on the micro scale, there should be 3 times more.
10 ml of silver gives 30 milligrams more of silver.

and we wrap it in a metallic lead in lead foil weighing about 25 grams

lead sheet, and again we proceed to cope, once you cope again to
we submit the process to our hands. The same as we do in gravimetric analysis.
and you realize that there is going to be a good formation of gold, you realize when the gold
it already has that shiny orange color and the weight will be less too, because it is
eliminated in silver.

Step sixteen: Fluxes and Collectors

The composition of the flux is important as it must contain litharge.
to have carbonate, they must have borax in defined proportions, so that it does
A good lead connection is advisable for the flux to have 50% there.
we can assure that there is a good connection of the lead. And therefore a good
silver connection and a good gold connection.
It must also contain at least 3% borax, it must contain sodium carbonate.
Potassium nitrate
We talked in the past about how the amount of potassium nitrate regulates your formation.
samples that are taken do not require potassium nitrate to be selected
Calmly with the flux, it is possible to obtain a regulus of 40 and 50.
grams, in most cases it is required to add potassium nitrate.
The case would not be made when the samples are oxidized.

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6. CONCLUSION

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7. BIBLIOGRAPHY

- [Link]
v=oTg_FUpPDPQ&ab_channel=AMVCONSULTORES
- [Link]

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DRY ANALYSIS 18