Concrete Consistency via Abrams Cone Test
Translated by
ScribdTranslationsConcrete Consistency via Abrams Cone Test
Translated by
ScribdTranslationsDETERMINATION OF THE CONSISTENCY OF A CONCRETE MIX
FRESH THROUGH THE ABRAMS CONE
1. Introduction
The method consists of determining the settlement of the concrete as well.
in the laboratory as in the field. It consists of placing a sample of
fresh concrete inside a mold shaped like a truncated cone. The mold is
raise so that the concrete collapses. This distance will give us the value
of settlement. This essay serves to determine the settlement of a
plastic concrete. It is applied to concrete up to 1 ½ inches. If it were greater, the
method is applied when the test is performed with the concrete portion
passing through the 1 ½ " mesh.
2. Development
2.1 Definition of the essay
The concrete slump is measured according to ASTM C 143.
The tolerance for this standard varies according to the level of settlement.
ordered or specified. The tolerances for settling are shown
in the following table of the ASTM C 94 standard. No tolerances are established.
for the flow of self-compacting concrete, whose measurement is carried out from
agreement with what is established in the ASTM C 1611 standard.
2.2 Regulations
NTP. 339.035 CONCRETE. Test method for
the measurement of the settlement of Portland cement concrete.
A sample of fresh mixed concrete is placed in a mold with
truncated cone shape, and is compacted by rod. The mold is removed.
upwards, allowing the concrete to settle. The distance
vertical between the initial position and the displaced one, measured at the center
from the upper surface of the concrete, it is reported as the
settlement of concrete.
ASTM C143 Standard Test Method for Slump
of Hydraulic Cement Concrete. The method covers the
determination of the concrete settlement both in the laboratory
like in the field. It consists of placing a sample of concrete
freshly mixed (compacted by tamping) inside a mold in
truncated cone shape. The mold is lifted, and it is left to settle.
concrete collapses. The vertical distance to the center is measured
displaced and the value of the concrete settlement is recorded.
COVENIN 0339: Method for measuring settlement with the
Abrams cone. Venezuelan standard that determines the settlement
of fresh concrete using the Abrams cone. The interval of
settlement ranges from 15 mm to 203 mm. It is important to note that it does not apply
to mixtures with large quantities of aggregates with sizes
greater than 1 ½".
2.3 Materials, equipment, and instruments
Abrams cone, with a 4" top diameter, 12" height, and 8" of
lower diameter.
Steel tamper bar with a length of 60 cm, pointed.
semispherical with a diameter of 5/8".
Metal plate, 1/4" thick and with sufficient dimension to
place the base of the cone.
Tape measure or metal ruler with a ¼” approximation.
2.4 Procedure
The mold is moistened and placed on a flat, rigid surface, not
absorbent and humid. The mold is securely fixed in place during the
filling by pressing the flaps or securing the clamps to the base plate,
keeping the perimeter clean. With the concrete sample, it is filled in.
mold emptying the concrete in three layers, so that each layer
corresponds to approximately one third of the mold volume.
The concrete is placed in the mold using the ladle. The concrete is poured.
moving the ladle around the perimeter of the mold to ensure the
concrete distribution with minimal segregation. Each layer is compacted
applying 25 blows with the compactor bar distributed and applied
evenly throughout the layer section. In the lower layer it is necessary
tilt the bar a little and deliver half of the blows near the perimeter,
gradually approaching in a spiral towards the center of the section. The
the bottom layer is compacted throughout its thickness. The second layer and the layer
superior compact throughout its thickness, ensuring that the bar
slightly penetrate into the immediate lower layer. The mold is filled by
excess before compacting the last layer. Then it is leveled off.
running the compactor bar over the upper edge of the mold. It is removed.
immediately the concrete mold lifting it carefully in
vertical direction. The mold is lifted with a firm upward movement,
avoiding lateral or torsional movements. The complete operation
from the beginning of filling the mold until its removal will be done without
interruption and in no more than 2.5 minutes. It is measured immediately.
the settlement, determined by the difference between the height of the mold and the
from the displaced center of the upper face of the deformed cone.
2.5 Data and Calculations
Settlement: 7 ½”
Temperatura ambiente: 22,9 °C
Concrete temperature: 24.3°C
Additive: Superplasticizer
2.6 Presentation of Results
DESCRIPTION SYMBOL SAMPLE
Settlement As 7 ½"
2.7 Analysis and Interpretation of Results
The implementation of the superplasticizer additive caused a settlement of
7 ½”. It is worth mentioning that the concretes with settlements greater than 7 ½”
are considered fluid concretes. Therefore, the settlement obtained
ensures us sufficient workability. This fluidity does not eliminate the strong
cohesion of concrete particles. It also reduces the risk of
excessive segregation and exudation. Also, in their placement they are not
neither vibration nor compaction is necessary.
2.8 Photography
Photograph 1: Emptying
of concrete in three
layers. Each layer
occupies one third
of the mold volume.
Photography 2: Withdrawal of
mold and collapse of the
concrete sample
fresco. Helped by the
conical mold and the rod
compactor
we proceed to measure the
settlement.
3. Applications in Civil Engineering
This Peruvian Technical Standard applies to determine the settlement of
hydraulic cement plastic concrete. It was originally developed for
provide the user with a technique to monitor consistency of the
unhardened concrete. This method applies to plastic concretes with
aggregates up to 37.5 mm in size. If the aggregate is larger, the method
it is applicable when the test is performed with the portion of concrete that passes
the sieve 37.5 mm, removing the larger aggregates, as described
in the NTP 339.036.
4. Conclusions
A settlement of 7 ½” of the concrete developed was determined.
the laboratory.
This essay applies to plastic concrete prepared with
coarse aggregate up to 1 ½ inches (37.5 mm) maximum size
nominal.
The method is not applicable to non-plastic concretes that have a
settlement less than ½ inch (15mm) and non-cohesive with
settlement greater than 9 inches (230mm).
If the coarse aggregate is greater than 1 ½ inches (37.5 mm) the method
the test is applied to the fraction of concrete that passes through the 1 mesh
½ inch (37.5 mm) according to ASTM C 172.
5. Bibliography
NRMCA. CIP 41 - Concrete Acceptance Test. Retrieved
of[Link] [Consultation:
16 de mayo de 2019].
Mark A. Campo (2007). CP-1 Technician Manual (07) Technician for
concrete tests on the site Grade 1. Retrieved from
[Link]
[Query: May 16, 2019]
Peruvian Technical Standard - NTP 339.035 (2009) CONCRETE
(CONCRETE). Test method for measuring settlement
del concrete of cement Portland Recovered of
[Link]
[Consulta: 15 de mayo de 2019].
ASTM C143 Standard Test Method for Slump of
Concrete of Cement Hydraulic. Recovered de
Settlement in Concrete
fresh-summary-astm-c-143/[Consultation: May 16, 2019].