Boom Truck Articulating

Certification of Operators
ARTICULATED CRANE
PALFINGER PK32080
 Training and Certification
Articulated Crane Operators
Objectives
Regulations and Terminology
Basic Principles
Articulated Crane Team
Risks
Security Systems
Responsibilities
Operation and basic controls
Team configuration
Load diagram
Pre-operational Inspection
Lifting Elements
Lifting Techniques
Preventive Maintenance
Appendix. Operator Manual
 Training Objectives
Certification
Provide participants with knowledge and understanding
general of the efficient and safe operation of the equipment
load lifting truck with articulated crane by virtue of the
ASME/ANSI recommendations and other regulations.

Recognize the security and health risks associated with the

lifting operations.

Reduce the risks of incidents and workplace accidents.

Contribute to good work practices.

Evaluate the knowledge and good operating practices with

the lifting equipment.
Basic Concepts
 Regulations and Terminology
ASME/ANSI B30.22 Articulated Cranes
ASME/ANSI B30.05 Mobile cranes
ASME/ANSI B30.09 Slings
ASME/ANSI B30.10 Hooks
ASME/ANSI B30.16 Lifting devices
ASME/ANSI B30.26 Lifting elements
DS 041-2001 EM
SMCV Security Regulations
 Units of Measurement
1 Kg. = 2.192 Pounds 1 meter = 3.28 feet
1 Libra = 0.456 Kg. 1 foot = 0.3048 m.
1 US gallon = 3.7853 liters 1 inch = 2.54 cm
1 UK gallon = 4.546 liters 1 cm = 0.394 inches
1 nautical mile = 1.61 km 1 LT = 1016 Kg.
1 terrestrial mile = 1.85 Km 1 ST = 2000 pounds
1 Kg.–f = 9.8 N 1 ST = 907.2 Kg.
1N = 0.102 Kg. 1 TM = 1000 Kg.
1 Psi = 1 Bar =
 Principles of the Crane
Lever
Torque
Center of Gravity
Equilibrium
 Lever

The compound lever, the

forces never occur in
individual form but in pairs
equal and opposite. In the
third gender lever the
support point and the
resistance is in the
extremes, while the
power is exerted between
both. Arm, leg
(muscles), articulated crane,
etc
 Center of Gravity

The Center of Gravity

(C.G.) is the point of a
body in which
the force is considered exercised
of gravity or weight that
affects the mass of said
body.
It is the center of balance or
equilibrium, determines the
stability. It is not
necessarily fixed.
Center of Gravity
 Moment
A lever will be in Center of Rotation

balance when the

moment exerted by the
power be equal to W2
moment exercised by the
resistance. If the R1' R2'
moments are not the same,
the system rotates,
imposing the system of
I turn the force that it produces
a greater moment.

Turning Moment: The product of the distance and the

the resultant weight on the side of the load turns the system.
 Articulated Cranes
Boom Truck Articulating
 Parts of the Crane (Boom Truck)
Frame or Chassis
Power Take-Off or Pump
Hydraulics
Stabilizers
Boom or Feather
Telescopic bodies
hook
Controls
Alarms
Signals
 PALFINGER crane
Operation Manual
Team characteristics
Limitations of the equipment
Crane stability
Ground stability
Diagramas de Carga
Load capacities
Alarms and signals
Maintenance
Verifications
 Team characteristics
Palfinger technology, see attachments.
 Team characteristics
Dimensional characteristics
Parts of the Crane PK32080
 Limitaciones y Ventajas
of Articulated Cranes
Designed for commercial applications, some
semi-industrial models of higher capacity.
Reduced security systems against feather
telescopic hydraulics (LMI), Angle Indicator,
Handling hooks and anti-two blocks (contact of
pulley system (up-down)

Flexibility to handle reduced radios under areas

Roofs. Optional securities.
More useful space in the truck's hopper in position of
transport
Use in commercial truck subject to prior evaluation and
safe conditioning.
Crane Capabilities
Operational Risks
Operator and staff risks
Lack of planning and coordination
Blows, crushes, cuts, etc.
Mild, temporary, incapacitating injuries, death
Noise, occupational diseases
 Crane risks
Machine overturn due to poor leveling,
floor or ground failure, overload, loads
dynamics, winds, external effects
Failure of the hydraulic system due to wear or
overload
Hits on stabilizers, hits on the boom or
chassis due to the effect of load rotation or obstacles
 Cargo risks
Unstable loads, poorly stacked, poorly secured
for relocation or transfer
Surface support failure, blocks,
Loads with failed lifting points
Loads with a movable center of gravity
Modification of the C.G. of the Crane-Load assembly
Impact of the load with other loads, properties,
people during the turn
Fall and crushing in the area of work
Loss due to fall in inaccessible areas or deterioration
permanent
 Risks of the load

Contact with Object

Punzo cutting,
during the
preparation or handling
of the load.
Falling Objects
collapse of part or
total load
during maneuver.
Shocks, against
material stacked
walls and posts.
Spills, injuries
personal y
pollution, others.
 Electrical hazards
Electrocution by direct contact
Voltage arc electrocution
Burns
Short circuit of buried cables
Electrical Risks
Crane Safety Systems
 Security Systems
They are technical measures and devices that nullify a
risk or provide protection without conditioning the
operational process.
LOAD MOMENT LIMITER (LMI),
automatic device that prevents exceeding the
load safety factor (85% - 100%) emitting
audible and visible alarm, and blocking the arm.
END OF TRAVEL LIMITER (A2B), device
electric that automatically cuts off the supply
of force when the hook is found at the
minimum admissible distance from the end of the boom.
Applicable to B30.5
 Security Systems
SECURITY LATCH, mechanical device
incorporated into the hooks to prevent that the
cables, strops or slings that support the load
they can get out of those. It remains closed
by means of springs.
VOLTAGE DETECTOR, electronic device
that emits a signal in the cockpit when
the pen approaches a high voltage line.
ANEMOMETER, indicator of wind speed.
SAFETY VALVES, cause the
clamping of the sections of the pen
telescopic leaving the circuits blocked
hydraulic when leaks occur.
Responsibilities
Responsibilities of the Supervisor
Approve the Plan and document any critical lifting.
Authorize the use of the equipment
Establish together with the operators
responsible, safe work procedures
according to the arrangement of the work areas.
Maintain the records of each crane, including
those of daily inspection
Ensure the safe operation of the cranes.
Verify compliance with the procedures
described for the lifting.
Ensure that follow-up is given to the damages or
failures reported in the operators' reports.
Recommendations to the Operator

Operate the crane under the recommendations of

manufacturer and under the authorization of the supervisor.
Do not exceed the crane's load capacity.
Position the crane on stable ground and extend the
stabilizers properly.
Maintain a safe distance from power lines.
Use certified lifting elements in good condition.
Carry out frequent inspections, RECORDS.
Use regulated tools and PPE: helmet, glasses,
safety shoes, gloves, fluorescent vest
portable radio
Attend periodic medical check-ups.
Responsibilities of the Operator
Always consider your safety and that of the
personal in the workplace.
Inspect the assigned equipment and fill out the
inspection form at the beginning of each workday.
Operate the crane respecting the capacity table of
equipment and the speed set for the area of
operation.
Report any damage or anomaly that may occur.
affect the operation and safety of the crane to its
supervisor and according to the supervisor's instructions
proceed with the necessary for the respective
repair.
Responsibilities of the Operator

Plan and document any gathering

critical that will be carried out.
You will be responsible for the operations that
be under their control.
In case there is any doubt regarding the
operational safety will have the authority to
stop and refuse to handle the load until
the conditions are safe.
 Responsablidades del Rigger
Always consider your safety and that of the
personal in the workplace
Know and use Signal Code and/or radio
Handle and stow the load safely
Cordoning off the maneuvering area
Inspeccionar los puntos de izaje de la carga
Use ropes, winds or restraint for control
of the load.
Give the order to start or move the load
Report any damage or anomaly that may occur.
affect the operation and the safety of the maneuvers.
Stop the lifting if the operation poses a risk.
Lifting Operation
 Planning the lifting
Resources
Required and available personnel
Conditions of equipment and work tools
Lifting work requirements
Team Requirements
Site Conditions
Load calculation
Risk assessment
Work permits
 Personnel Requirements
Trained and certified operator
All OPERATORS and crane operators
must be equipped with the following clothing
of security:
Helmet, glasses, and safety shoes.
["Gloves","Earplugs","Ear muffs"]
Others like respirators, waterproof, etc.
Reflective vest and form-fitting clothing
Portable radio (work)
Calculator
Operator in optimal health
 Know the Workplace
Verify that the path of the crane and the load
be prepared.
To know the resistance and stability of the soil against the
weight of the crane and the load.
Verify that the work area is away from edges
of ditches and excavations, new foundations.
Check the distances to aerial installations:
constructions, poles, power lines, other cranes
Weather conditions, wind, traffic, and evacuation.
Prepare ATS, ARO, PET, as appropriate
 Delimiting the work area
Barricade or cordon off the work area (radius of
scope).
Use easels, mesh, tape, or cones according to the grade.
from restriction to achievement.
Check ceiling height to know the extent
limited of the pen.
Signal the blind spots or the rear to the side
opposite of lifting.
 Know the Load :
1. Check WEIGHT
2. Locate CENTER OF GRAVITY
3. Evaluate the NATURE (MSDS) of the load:
Bulky, fragile, expensive, chemical, pollutant,
hot, precision assembly, unique component and
special, part of the production process, etc.
4. Check its conservation STATUS.
5. Evaluate lift points: hawsers
screwed-soldiers, ears, etc
6. Determine control points: winds in longitude and
necessary amount.
 Calculate the weight of the load:

1. Verify and confirm weight data in it.

load.
2. Calcular peso neto y peso bruto (accesorios).
WEIGHT = Volume x Specific Weight
Specific weights of materials (t/m3):
Oak wood 0.8
Limestone 2.6
Reinforced concrete 2.4
Cement, wet earth 1.5
Steel 7.8
Lead 11.3
Oil 0.9
Select the lifting elements
Identify load capacities and factor of
security
Identify work angles
Safe loading according to the method of securing
LIMIT WORKING LOAD (WLL)
SAFE WORKING LOAD (SWL)
SAFETY FACTOR
BREAKING LOAD
DYNAMIC LOAD
 Set up the crane
Apply restrictions of
work as appropriate.
Check total load and margin
security, controls.
Positioning on beams
with stabilizers
extended and on solid ground.
Check the maximum radius and
minimum work according to
load dimensions.
Cordoning off the work area.
Operation Recommendations
Put the pen in the direction of travel.
Avoid sudden stops and starts.
Use the pen as little as possible.
Guide the load using ropes.
Keep the load as low as possible.
Maintain monitoring of level, vibrations,
alarms.
Maintain visual and communication control
constant.
Lower the load on the blocks and wait for the order from the
rigger for hook removal and to move the boom.
Checklists
PRE-INSPECTION (Operator)
Operational signals or guides (horn, lights,
alarm indicators, retreat, stability,
angle), informative posters.
Inspection of hydraulic, mechanical connections,
electrical, indicator levels
Abnormal noises or vibrations from the equipment
Visual inspection of winches, pulleys, stabilizers
and pen; geometry and symmetry during the unfolding,
others.
guards, stairs, handles, tires, bolts,
fasteners, fasteners
Checklists
FREQUENT AND PERIODIC INSPECTION
(Maintenance)
All Pre-Inspection ones
Check maintenance records
Verification of hydraulic, mechanical connections,
electrical, indicator levels,
Check wear of moving parts
Check the condition of the support structure
Check the status of the pen, cables, hook
Verify work capacity
 Critical Outtakes
Reduced free space for maneuvers.
Proximity to energized power lines.
Hazardous, polluting loads, etc.
Bulky and fragile loads.
Crane in limit working configuration
Use of multiple cranes.
Loading maneuver on a barge or riverbanks, ground
not compacted or uneven.
Maneuvers at a slope without direct view.
Personal without training, without experience.
Any high-impact health risk,
security and environment
 Maneuver Signs
Standard hand signals, radio, horn
Load Diagram
Load capacities
Crane Capabilities
Lifting elements
 Safety Factors
Working Load Limit (WLL)
It is the maximum permitted nominal load that can
lift the product without affecting its characteristics.
Safe Working Load (SWL).
It is the maximum safe load that the product can support.
in a particular configuration of use/tying.
Breaking load (BL).
It is the load applied to the product, at which it fails or does not.
holds that load.
 Safety Factors
Safety factor (SF).
Theoretical product reserve
It results from dividing the breaking load BL by the load
working load limit WLL.
Dynamic Load.
Sudden application force (impacts or
pulls).
Produce a considerable increase in static load.
Proven Load.
It is the average force to which the product is subjected.
before any deformation is observed.
 Security Tests
Critical hoisting operations are subjected to tests.
testing the elements to be used prior to the lifting of
the load:
• Shackles, up to 200% of their nominal value (up
150 tons.
• We borrow up to 200% of its nominal value.

• Slings, up to 200% of their nominal value.

• Hooks, up to 200% of their nominal value.

• Tensioners Clamps, up to 200% of their nominal value.
• Separators, up to 125% of their nominal value.
 Determine the Safe Load
1. Know the weight of the load and other accessories to
to raise
2. Calculate the safe load capacity of the
lifting elements
3. Determine the safe lifting capacity (radius
maximum working load of the crane for the case of the
calculated load.
4. Know the safety margin and the factors of
risk
5. Wind controls and support blocks
 N.D.E. INSPECTION TECHNIQUES

The inspection techniques applied to evaluate the

normal state conditions of the elements
son
Inspection using Visual Technique (dimensional,
etc.)
Magnetic Particle Inspection
Ultrasonic Testing (UTN)
Hardness
Another that indicates the manufacturer or according to
evaluation requirement.
Instruments and tools E.N.D.
 INSPECTION ROUTINE OF
Shackles
Manufactured under ASME code
B30.26
Frequent Inspection:
Responsibility of
operator of the
lifting equipment.

Excessive wear in
cuerpo, perno

Crushing, fractures
 SHACKLE INSPECTION ROUTINE
Periodic Inspection
• Routine inspection every 3 months
• Deformation that existed greater than
10% on the shackle plane.
• Any wear or crushing
greater than 10% of the original diameter.
• Wear or breakage of the key
pin if I had it.
• If it is possible to disassemble, verify the
screw freely and adjust to
top.
Lifting hooks
 HOOK INSPECTION
According to ASME B30.10
Inspection every 3 months for maintenance
Responsibility of the lifting equipment operator
Excessive wear
Existence of cracks
Malfunction of the insurance
Deformation greater than 10% in the hook plane
Increase of the measure marked as opening
more than 10% of the original
Any wear or crushing
 HOOK OBSERVATIONS

• It should not be subjected to heat.

• Its axis should never change

screw
• It should not be modified

• He cannot be a soldier

• Any deformation present

must be replaced.
 SPREADERS
MORE>

• Manufactured under the code

ASME B30.20
• Usage at 80% of its capacity.
Hooks, rings, tensioners

CORRECT INCORRECT
Lifting slings: Polyester, Nylon,
Lands, of larger area
support

Amorphous, soft, and flexible

they adapt to the surface
 SLING INSPECTION
SYNTHETIC
They must be inspected from
according to ASME B30.9 code
Frequent inspection
Visual inspection of damage
Performed by the user of the
shift
Every day that the sling is
used
To find any element
Separate it without a doubt.
 SLING INSPECTION
SYNTHETICS
Periodic inspection and maintenance
Inspect every 3 months.
The sewn splice
The eyelets (made of fiber or metal)
Breakage or unravelling of the fiber splice
Burns from acid or caustic products
Cuts, holes, hooks, heat exposure damage
(greater than 90°C)

Severe abrasion
Damage to the eyelet (deformation or wear or crushing)
Excessively discolored fabric (chemical damage, ultraviolet,
etc)
Knots anywhere on the sling.
Lifting devices
Lifting slings: Polyester
Lifting slings: Polyester
endless tubulars
 Care of the slings
Slings should preferably be stored under
roof, arranged and classified by size.
Living chants are the worst enemy of a
any type of sling. Use protectors
adequate (corner pieces) or inspect and change
the slings frequently.
If the body of the sling bends over a diameter
less than 20 times the diameter of the cable must
considered reductions to its load capacity,
que pueden llegar hasta el 50%.
The length of the buttonhole must be greater than double the
diameter of its attachment point.
 INSPECTION OF STEEL CABLES
Examine them periodically.
-Due to localized anomalies.
Crushings.
Significant loss of diameter.
Wire breaks concentrated in one
small area or cord.
Deformations.
Collapse of the soul.
Evidence of welding burn.

Diameter loss: maximum allowable 6% to 8%.

MEASUREMENT OF A STEEL CABLE
Criteria for cable rejection
 Maintenance and
Recommendations

See Annex Crane Operator Manual

 Lifting techniques
C
Lifting techniques
 Lifting techniques

Use of pair Corner brackets Use of Unwound

Of slings of protection cable protector
Lifting techniques
Lifting techniques
Thank you very much