LESSON PLAN SCIENCE, EMPHASIS ON CHEMISTRY

School: CCT: Group:

Teacher: Shift:
Period Block 3 School year 2017-2018

THEME The transformation of materials: the chemical reaction

Scope Properties and transformations of the
PERIOD Project of the to
materials.
Integration and application
CONTENTS How to make soaps?
Where does the human body get energy from?
Understanding natural phenomena and processes from the scientific perspective
Informed decision-making for environmental care and health promotion
COMPETITION
oriented towards a culture of prevention
S
Understanding the scope and limitations of science and technological development in
various contexts.
Expected learnings Purpose

Select facts and knowledge to plan the explanation of Recognize that the molecules
chemical phenomena that answer questions or solve situations they present defined arrangements that are
problems related to the transformation of materials. those that determine the properties
Systematizes the information of your research in order to elaborate of the materials and that their
conclusions, based on graphs, experiments, and models. transformation does not take place in
• Communicate the results of your project in various ways using the an isolated molecule, but in a
chemical language, and proposes solutions to the problems huge amount of them that
proposed. they account for moles as the unit
Evaluates processes and products of their project, and considers the effectiveness and the of measure.
cost of the chemical processes investigated.

COGNITIVE SITUATION SKILLS TO DEVELOP EVALUATION

They will develop skills associated with Search, selection, and communication of Portfolio of evidence
scientific knowledge and its levels of information. Checklists
representation and interpretation about the Formulation of questions and hypotheses. Records
Data analysis and interpretation. Rubrics
natural phenomena.
Observation
Inferences of the students of
oral or written form

Performance indicators (Rubrics) Excellent Acceptable Elemental Insufficient

Prepare questions for an interview with young people in your community.
about the diet and the sports activities they perform.
Summarize information about the caloric contribution of nutrients
basics.
Define a combination of foods that includes breakfast,
food and dinner; for each level of activity.
Become aware of the need to care for the environment and take action.
in harmony.
 STARTING ACTIVITIES
We will start by raising the following important questions about the project 'How to make soaps?'
OBJECTIVES
Be aware of the need to take care of the environment.
Make use of a resource that is usually thrown away and recycle it.
Save money by manufacturing a product that can be used for personal and household hygiene.
Promote daily personal hygiene.
Learn to make soap
PROBLEMS
Non-biodegradable cleaning products pollute the environment
They set aside leftover oils, fats, and soaps contaminating the environment and discarding an element that can.
benefit the household economy.
HYPOTHESIS:
Non-biodegradable cleaning products are not natural.
People don't know that it is possible to make natural soaps from oils and fats.
The soaps that are obtained must be greasy due to the content of oils and fats.
The soaps that are obtained must be used with gloves because caustic soda will harm the hands.
The combination of the two components cancels out the greasiness of one and the corrosive power of the other.
The obtained product will have a foul odor.

The following development activities will be proposed:

Information search.
Reading and analysis of the texts.
Summaries
Preparation of the base formula
Preparation of recipes according to different quantities of oil developing various calculations.
mathematics: fraction of a natural number, percentage, simple rule of three, divisions, sums, subtractions
multiplications.
Search for necessary elements for soap making: utensils and components.
Weighing of the different components and their packaging (net weight, total weight, and tare)
Soap making.
Folder assembly.
Preparation of posters for the stand.
Study of the explanation of the experience.

Now the following basic ingredients and quantities will be suggested:

The water must be 1/3 of the oils or fats used, also in grams, for example if we have 800 gr. of oils,
we will use 267 grams of water. Do not reduce this amount of water. Also, our water can be an infusion of
herbs, 1/4-3/4 cup of herbs for every half kilogram of oils.
To make a white soap for washing clothes, we will use 16% of caustic soda from the total of used oil.
For bar soap we will use 12%.
You can replace water with milk to make the soap softer; in this case, instead of 1/3 water, use ½.
of milk (I insist NOT half a liter, but half, by weight, of the weight of the oils or fats)
 DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES Part 1
The following development will be analyzed:
Add the soda to the water, never the reverse, since the reaction that occurs is exothermic, meaning it produces a lot.
heat, and it can produce undesirable splashes. At this moment, do not forget to have the vinegar handy, the eyes
protected and move away from the solution, because it produces asphyxiating vapors.
Heat the oils/fats to about 50ºC and wait for the previous solution to cool down to about 60ºC.
Add the lye to the oils, vigorously whisking with a hand mixer for short periods, to avoid overheating the
use this one (or a wooden spoon) to keep stirring while the saponification reaction
it begins to take place. This is noticeable because the mixture becomes thicker and changes color. The pace of the
Saponification will depend on the oils/fats used.
Continue to beat until the soap reaches the 'trace' stage, as those who make soaps say. Everything
It can be affected, from the ambient temperature to your mood. DON'T WORRY, the soap will never be lost, it can always be
fix. Upon reaching the point where "it can be written", meaning the mixture hardens, it should be stirred again.
carefully with the wooden spoon, this point is also noticeable if a little of this mixture is dropped on the surface,
this is kept for some time, it is the point of 'trace'. At this moment, the molds and the colors that
you are going to add the essential oils, add them quickly while stirring with the spoon, and pour it into the molds.
The color changes considerably, depending on the oils used. If coconut and olive oil are used, a beautiful one will be had.
White, if beeswax is added, a light brown color will be obtained, other oils, such as hemp oil can give a gray color.
dark. The butter or margarine, a pale yellow.
At this moment, if desired, add dried rosemary leaves previously ground in the blender, mint, calendula (that
provides a beautiful yellow color), or some natural dyes, or special coloring minerals for this type of
soaps.
Molds: Anything can serve as a mold, a shoebox, old hollow toys, plastic containers, like those of...
margarine, yogurt, a small box of unused cassette tapes, thinking about the shape the soap will take, which should be easy to hold. No
However, the best mold is the one you can make with a planed wooden board.
The nails cannot come into contact with the mixture, as they would be ruined.
Mold release method: In the case of plastic, it should be greased with some oil.
The soap is kept in the mold for 24-48 hours, after which it is removed from the mold, with a consistency of cheese.
thick, and cut to the desired width, which can be from 2.5 to 3 cm. With a stainless steel knife. In a box of
shoes, you can use a ruler, divide, mark gently and cut firmly so that the cut does not deviate.
Curing period: All of the above must be done with gloves, as complete saponification takes time.
around 4-6 weeks. That is, it is still caustic when unmolded. Once unmolded and cut, store.
in an orderly manner, with date, isolated with cloths, of cotton, of wool, newspaper, but isolated! in one place
dark, beyond the reach of other people, curious cats, restless children.
Curiosity drives us to want to try our product soon, to do it but with gloves on, and to enjoy.
observing how well it has turned out.
Remember that soap is like wine. The older it gets, the better the quality.
Products to add: Dyes and essences: Under no circumstances use dyes that could later stain, nor the
essences from the burners as they can damage the skin and clothing. A few drops of the preferred perfume can be added.
Some practical tips: Always carry a field notebook, where everything that has been done will be noted.
date, quantities of everything weighed, origin of the products, multiplications, sums, what is being added,
the problems that have occurred, everything.
The recipe, like the field notebook, should be kept inside a transparent plastic bag to avoid staining them.
Don't worry about the pots, soap is being made! They will be clean and suitable for cooking.
 DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES Part 2
Some observations
A good soap, like the one to be prepared, will serve for washing hair, shaving, clothing, and delicate fabrics.
plates, without producing contaminating elements, that is, it will be completely biodegradable.
Remember that you can use all the fats and oils you want to make soap, and any failure that occurs
can have, can be corrected.
Do not forget that most recipes are in WEIGHT, not volume, do not forget a good kitchen scale, and a
more accurate to measure your caustic soda.
Other recipes for olive vegetable soap
1.568 g olive oil
840 g. Margarine
252 g of castor oil
336 gr. caustic soda
784 g. cold water
1 tablespoon of common salt added dissolved in a little water to the soda solution.
Salt seems to be important in this recipe, it adds firmness to the bar, and gives it vigor in the shower.
Base soaps with animal fats
896 g of vegetable oil or a mixture of them
2.072 g of beef fat
84 g of cocoa butter
392 g of caustic soda
1.148 g of ice water
Quickly reach the trace, be careful as a false trace can be obtained, do not let it cool too much. Isolate.
Adequately. Cutting at 24 hours produces a hard soap and accepts any additive, essential oils, or dye.
that you wish to add.
Stain remover soap
1 kg of lard
118 g of caustic soda
330 g. water
Proceed as explained above. The soaps that are produced with lard are not highly valued,
because they dry the skin. Healing time, 1 month. It is used for stubborn spots.

SOAP FINISHED
Una vez que ya está curado, el jabón puede presentar algunas fallas, Como pliegues, cortes no muy prolijos, etc. No hay
don't worry. With a peeler or a well-sharpened knife, smooth the soap well. If desired, it can be given a
a little shine with a clean cloth. Do not keep these cuts. Also not the cuts that may have been kept from before. They.
will be used to recycle them. Wrap the soap in rustic paper, tie a raffia ribbon, and stamp the name that is
wants to put, or decorate as the imagination indicates
 CLOSING ACTIVITIES
Communication
Once the project is developed, they will organize to communicate it.
To do this, they will define how they will present the project results, and may consider:
The way each member of the team participates.
The materials that will be used: the products created in the development of the project; others that are required.
like a poster or a presentation with slides in some computer program.
The organization of a space to address questions or opinions that arise
derived from the communication of the project,
The opportunity for attendees to express their opinions regarding the project, considering the positives and the weaknesses.
and the interesting part of the project.
Evaluation
With the participation of the team, their classmates and the teacher will answer the following questions:
To what extent did they achieve the proposed objective?
How did you apply the knowledge you learned in the block?
How did the team members participate?
How creative and interesting were the results and the products developed?
To what extent are you satisfied with what has been done in the project?, why?
What do you suggest to the team to improve future projects?
They will personally reflect on:
What did you learn during the development of the project?
What achievements did you obtain from developing the project?
What aspects would you improve in your performance for the execution of other projects?

EVALUATION STRATEGIES
The monitoring of student learning was carried out through performance indicators or rubrics, which
We must obtain evidence to identify both the achievements and the factors that influence or hinder learning.
students. In addition, it was carried out through various complementary activities, which were used for the portfolio of
evidence. All of the above with the purpose of providing cognitive feedback to the students and in turn generating
additional learning opportunities according to their achieved performance levels and accomplishments.

Group assessment of rubrics

Student Performance level
Excellent Acceptable Elemental Insufficient