CENTRAL UNIVERSITY OF

ECUADOR
FACULTY OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES
PROBABILISTIC STATISTICS 2
NOMBRE: ALEXANDER FLORES VALENCIA
CLASS: 13

HYPERGEOMETRIC DISTRIBUTION
From a batch of 40 microcomponents, each is called acceptable.
if it has no more than three defective items. The procedure for sampling
the batch is the selection of five components at random and reject the batch if
a defective component is found. What is the probability of
that there is exactly one defective item in the sample if there are three
defective in the entire batch?

DATA:

k= 1 n= 5

N= 40 m=3
−
( )( −
)
( = )=
( )

(13)(347 )
( = 1) =
(450 )

( 3∁ 1) (37∁4)
P(x = 1) =
(40∁5)

3! 37!
∗
1!4!
( = 1) =
40!
5!
(3 * 2 * 1)(37∗ 36 *35∗ 34∗ 333∗ 32 … )
( 1)(2∗ 1) ∗ ( 4∗ 3* 2 * 1 )
=
(40∗ 39 *38 *37∗ 36 *35 … )
(5∗ 4∗ 3∗ 2 ∗ 1)

( 366045
)( )
= (x = 1 =)
( 658008 )

= 0.3011
Interpretation: the probability of finding exactly one artifact
defective in the sample if there are three defective items in the entire batch is 0.3011.

2. To avoid being discovered at customs, a traveler has placed 6

narcotic tablets in a bottle containing 9 pills of
vitamins that are similar in appearance. If the customs officer
select 3 tablets randomly to analyze them,

a. What is the probability that the traveler will be arrested for possession?
of narcotics?

Datos:

k= 3 n=3

N= 15 m=6
−
( )( −
)
( = )=
( )

(36)(09)
( )
= 3=
(135 )
( 6∁3(9∁0)
)
= ( = 3=)
(15∁3)

6! 9!
∗
= 3! 0!
15!
3!

(6 *5∗ 4∗ 3∗ 2 ∗ 1) (9 * 8 *7∗ 6 ∗5∗ 4 ∗ 3* 2 * 1)

( 3* 2 * 1 )(3 * 2 * 1) ∗ ( 0!)
=
(15∗ 14∗ 1312 times 11 times 10 … )
(3∗ 2 ∗ 1)

( 201)( )
(
ℎ = 3,15,3,6 =)
455
= 0.0439

Interpretation: the probability that the traveler will be arrested for possession of
narcotics If the customs officer randomly selects 3 tablets to
The analysis is 0.04396.
 3. An electrical goods store has 20 irons, of which 5
They are yellow. If 10 are extracted randomly and without replacement.
irons What is the probability that two of them are yellow?

Data:

N=20

n=10

k=2

m=5

−
( )( −
)
( = )=
( )
20 -5
(25)( 10 −2
)
P(X = 2) = 20
( 10 )
5 15
(2)( 8 )
P(X = 2) =
( 20
10
)
5C2 * 15C8
P(X = 2) =
20C10

P(X = 2) = 0.3483

4. If 8 marbles are drawn without replacement from a jar containing 9

three black and blue. Find the probability of there being 6 blue marbles.
within the 8 that were extracted.

Data:

N=12

n=8

k=6

m=9
−
( )( −
)
( = )=
( )
12−9
(69)( 8−6
)
P(X = 6) = 12
(8 )
 (69)(32)
P(X = 6) =
(182 )
9C6 *3C2
P(X = 6) =
12C8

P(X = 6) = 0.5090

5. Two members of a committee must be selected from 5, so that

attend a convention. Assume that the committee is formed
by 3 women and 2 men. Determine the probability of
select 2 women at random:

DATA:
N=5
n=2
m=3
k=2
−
( )( −
)
( = )=
( )

5 minus 3
(23)( 2−2
)
P(X = 2) =
(25)
(23)(02)
P(X = 2) =
(25)
3C2 * 2C0
P(X = 2) =
5C2
3! 2!
∗
2!3( -2 !0!) 2− 0 (! )
P(X = 2) =
5!
2!5( −2 ! )
3! 2!
∗
2! (1!) 0! 2 (! )
P(X = 2) =
5!
3! ( 2)!

3∗ 2 ∗ 1 2 * 1
P(X = 2) = 2 * 1 * 12∗* 1
5∗ 4∗ 3* 2 * 1
3∗ 2 ∗ 1 ∗ 2 ∗ 1

3
P(X = 2) =
10

P(X = 2) = 0.3
 6. Out of the 6 employees, 3 have been with the company for 5 or more years, if
4 employees are chosen at random from that group. What is the probability of
that exactly two of them have a tenure of 5 years or more?

DATA

N=6
n=4
m=3
k=2

−
( )( −
)
( = )=
( )

6-3
(23)( 4−2
)
P(X = 2) =
(46)
(23)(23)
P(X = 2) =
(46)
3C2 *3C2
P(X = 2) =
6C4
3! 3!
) ∗
2!3( − 2 !2!3 -2 !( )
P(X = 2) =
720
4! ( 6 - 4! )
3! 3!
∗
2! (1!) 2! 1 ( ! )
P(X = 2) =
720
4! ( 2)!

3∗ 2 ∗ 1 3∗ 2 ∗ 1
P(X = 2) = 2 * 1 * 12∗* 1 * 1
6 *5 ∗ 4∗ 3∗ 2 ∗ 1
4∗ 3* 2 * 1 * 2 * 1
9
P(X = 2) =
15

p(X = 2) = 0.6

In a batch of 12 projectiles, 4 are fired at random, if the batch contains 5

projectiles that do not shoot What is the probability that the 2
shoot?
N=12
n=4
m=5
k=2
−
( )( −
)
( = )=
( )
12-5
(25)( 4−2
)
p(X = 2) =
(142 )
(25)(27)
P(X = 2) =
(142 )
5C2 *7C2
P(X = 2) =
12C4

P(X = 2) = 0.4242

8. In a flower shop, there are 20 varieties of flowers, of which 8 are

different kinds of roses. What is the probability of extracting
A random sample of 12 flowers includes 3 classes of roses?
N=20
n=12
m=8
k=3
−
( )( −
)
( = )=
( )
20 −8
(38)( 12-3
)
( = 3) = 20
( 12 )
8 12
(3)( 9 )
( = 3) =
( 20
12
)
8C312C9
( = 3) =
20C12

( = 3) = 0.0978

9. In a cage, there are 30 Russian budgerigars and 20 Chinese budgerigars. If we extract 10.
random parakeets calculate the possibility that 3 of them speak Chinese
(desired characteristic).

N = 50

n = 10
C = 20

k=3
−
( )( −
)
( = )=
( )

The probability that 3 out of 10 randomly selected parakeets are Chinese is 0.23%

10. From a batch of 10 projectiles, 4 are selected at random and fired. If

The lot contains 3 defective projectiles that will not explode, what is
the probability that all 4 explode?

N = 10 projectiles in total
a = 7 projectiles that explode
n = 4 selected projectiles
k=4
−
( )( −
)
( = )=
( )

710 - 7
( )( )
( = 4= ) 4 4-4 = 0.167
10
( )
4
The probability of having 4 projectiles that explode out of four taken at random is
of 16.7%

11. 5 manufacturers produce a certain device whose quality varies.

from one manufacturer to another. If you choose 3 manufacturers at random, find the
probability that the selection contains 2 of the 3 best.

Data:

N=5
m=3
n=3
k=2
−
( )( −
)
( = )=
( )
 5−3
(23)( 3−2
)
P(X = 2) =
(35)
(23)(12)
P(X = 2) =
(35)
3C2 * 2C1
P(X = 2) =
5 3

P(X = 2) = 0.60

12. In a batch of 10 projectiles, 4 are fired at random if the batch contains e

projectiles that do not fire What is the probability that 4
shoot?

N=10
m=5
n=4
k=0
−
( )( −
)
( = )=
( )
10 −5
(05)( 4−0
)
( = 0) =
(140 )
(05)(45)
( = 0) =
(140 )
5 0∗ 5 4
( = 0) =
10 4

( = 0) = 0.2380

13. An electronics store has 20 irons, of which 5

They are yellow. If 10 are extracted randomly and without replacement
irons What is the probability that two of them are yellow?

Solution.

In this case, there is a population of 20 plates (N = 20), of which 5

They are yellow (a = 5) and a sample of 10 sheets is extracted (n = 10). The
random variable will be the number of yellow sheets there are in the
sample (among the extracted ones), so x = 2. Substituting into the model of
the Hypergeometric distribution we have:

Data.
 N=20
n=10
m=5
k=2

−
( )( −
)
( = )=
( )
20 -5
(25)( 10 −2
)
P(X = 2) = 20
( 10 )
5 15
(2)( 8 )
P(X = 2) =
( 20
10
)
5C2 * 15C8
P(X = 2) =
20C10

P(X = 2) = 0.3483

14. If 8 marbles are drawn without replacement from a urn that contains 9
blue and 3 black. Find the probability of having 6 blue marbles.
within the 8 that were extracted.

Solution.

In total, there are 12 marbles (N = 12), of which 9 are blue (a = 9). A marble is extracted.
a sample of 8 marbles (n = 8) and the desire is to obtain the probability that in the
sample there are 6 blue marbles (x = 6) therefore:

Data

N=12

n=8

m=9

K=6
−
( )( −
)
( = )=
( )
12−9
(69)( 8−6
)
P(X = 6) = 12
(8 )
9 3
(6 )(2 )
P(X = 6) =
(182 )
9C6 *3C2
P(X = 6) =
12C8
 P(X = 6) = 0.5090

In a urn, there is a total of 20 objects, 8 of which are defective.

If 6 objects are selected at random, what is the probability that 4
are defective?

DATA

N=20

K=4

m= 8

n=6
−
( )( −
)
( = )=
( )
20 −8
(48)( 6-4
)
( = 4) = 20
(6 )
8 12
(4)( 2 )
( = 4) =
(260 )
8C6 * 12C2
( = 4) =
20C6

( = 4) = 0.04767

16. I have 20 balls in a urn from which I take out 12 balls without replacement.
Out of the 12 balls, 6 are blue. What is the probability of drawing 3 balls?
blues.
DATA

N=20

K=3

m=6

n=12
−
( )( −
)
( = )=
( )
 206
(36)( 12-3
)
( = 3) = 20
( 12 )
6 14
(3)( 9 )
( = 3) =
( 20
12
)
6C3∗ 14C9
( = 3) =
20C12

( = 3) = 0.3178

17. If 7 out of 14 suitcases contain contraband items, determine

the probability that exactly 4 out of 6 selected suitcases
randomly in the passenger inspection contain articles of
smuggling.

DATA:
N=14
n=6
m=7
k=4
−
( )( −
)
( = )=
( )
14 - 7
(47)( 6-4
)
( = 4) = 14
(6 )
7 7
(4 )(2 )
( = 4) =
(164 )
7 4∗ 7C2
( = 4) =
14C6

( = 4) = 0.2447

18. If among 20 construction workers 5 did not wear footwear.

protection, and 10 workers were selected to carry out a
review of protective footwear, what is the probability that
at least 3 of the reviewed workers have not been
using protective footwear.

Data:
N=20
n=10
m=5
k=3
 −
( )( −
)
( = )=
( )
20 -5
(35)( 10 -3
)
( = 3) = 20
( 10 )
5 15
(3)( 7 )
( = 3) =
( 20
10
)
5 3* 15 7
( = 3) =
20C10
P(X = 2) = 0.3482

19. A committee composed of five people is selected.

randomly from a group made up of three chemists and five
physicists. Find the probability distribution for the number
of chemists in the committee.

N=8
n=5
m=3
Number of chemicals = 0, 1, 2, 3 or k = 0, 1, 2, 3

−
( )( −
)
( = )=
( )

(03)(55)
( = 0) =
(58)
( = 0) = 0.018

(13)(45)
P(X = 1) =
(58)
P(X = 1) = 0.268

(23)(35)
p(X = 2) =
(58)
P(X = 2) = 0.536

(33)(25)
( = 3) =
(58)
( = 3) = 0.179
 20. Among 16 applicants for a job, 10 had a degree.
university student. If three of the applicants are chosen at random to
an interview.

What is the probability that:

a) none have a university degree?
b) Exactly one has a university degree?
Do both have a university degree?
Do all three have a university degree?

N=16
n=3
m=10
k=0, 1, 2, 3
−
( )( −
)
( = )=
( )

(100 )(36)
( = 0) =
(136 )
( = 0) = 0.357
The probability that none have a university degree is 0.0357

(110 )(26)
P(X = 1) =
(136 )
P(X = 1) =0.2679
The probability of having a university degree is 0.2679

(120 )(16)
P(X = 2) =
(136 )
P(X = 2) = 0.482
The probability that two have a university degree is 0,
(130 )(06)
( = 3) = 16
(3 )
( = 3) = 0.2143
The probability that all three have a university degree is 0.2143