O HOS

ARMY PUBLICSCHOOL, BANGALORE

ARMy
PUBLIC

TRUTH IS GOD

BANGALORE

PHYSICS INVESTIGATORY
PROJECT

DC MOTOR
NAME: RUDRASHRYA THAPPA
CLASS: XII
ROLL NO: 186l063+

1
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Physics Investigatory

project on the topic DC MOTOR" has been
Successfully completed by RUDRASHRYA
THAPPA of class XII(B)Roll No i86i063? under
the guidance of Mrs ADHITHYA in particular
fulfilment of the curriculum of Central Board Of
Secondary Education (CBSE).
Date:

13laly

Signature Of Internal
Signatite of Extrnal
ExaminerM Examiner

KAVITHA
Signature Of Principal

2
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would extend my gratitude to the principal of

Army Public School, KKamaraj Road,
Bangalore for her constant support and for
providing me this platform tolearn

I would also like to thank Mrs Aadhithya, my

physics teacher for constantly pushing me and
inspiring all of us to give our best through his
kind and knowledgeable supervision

Their guidance and supervision were very

9 helpful in bringing this work to conclusion

3
 INDEX

CONTENTS PAGE NO.

Certificate 2

Acknowledgement 3
Topic 5
Introduction 6
Working Principle 7
Materials Required 8
How to build a Motor 9-11
Circuit Diagram 12
How DC Motor Actually Works? 13-14
Troubleshooting 15
Precautions 16
Bibliography 17

4
 TOPIC

INVESTIGATORY PROJECT ON DCMØTOR

N S

5
 INTRODUCTION

ADCmotor isany of aclass ofrotary electrical machines that converts

direct current electrical energy into mechanical energy. The most
common types rely on the forces produced by magnetic fields. Nearly
all types of DC motors have some internal mechanism, either
electromechanical or electronic, to periodically change the direction
of current flow in part of the motor.

DCmotors were the first type widely used, since they could be
powered from existing direct-current lighting power distribution
systems. A DCmotor's speed can be controlled over a wide range,
of
using either a variable supply voltage or by changing the strengthtoys,
current in its field windings. Small DC motors are used in tools,
current but
and appliances. The universal motor can operate on direct
tools and
is a lightweight brushed motor used for portable powerof electric
appliances. Larger DC motorsare used in propulsionrolling mills. The
vehicles, elevator and hoists, or in drives for steel
power electronics has made replacement of DCmotors with
advent of
ACmotors possible in many applications

rotation
produced
magnet

S
N

half-ring
(commutator)
carbon
brushes
pivot

6
 WORKING PRINCIPLE OF DC
MOTOR

ElectriCmotor is a device which converts electrical energy into

mechanical energy.

When a wire (coil) that carries current is placed in the region of

space that has magnetic field, the wire (coil) experiences a force.

The amount of force depends on:

1. The amount of current flowing in the wire/loop
2. Length of wire/Number of loops
[Link] of magnetic field

Direction of force depends on:

[Link] of current in the wire(coil)
2. Direction of magnetic field

Note:- Fleming's right hand rule/Right hand palm rule is used to

determine the direction of force if the direction of current and
magnetic field is already known.

7
Materials Required:
[Link]

2.9V Battery

[Link] connector

4.A round magnet (used in speakers)

[Link] copper wire (0.2mm)

6. 2 thin copper pin

7. 2 Big safety pins

[Link] /off switch

8
 HOW TO BUILD A MOTOR?

PROCEDURE
Starting in the centre of the wire, wrap the wire tightly and
neatly around the marker 30 times

Slide off the coil you made on the marker.

Wrap each loose end of the wire around the coil a few times to

hold it together, then point the wires away from the loop,

shown below:

Use knife to remove the wire insulation on each free end of

the coil., as shown below:

9

remove insulation from the

same side of each wire

" Thread each loose end of the wire coil through the large eye

of a needle. Try tokeep the coil as straight as possible

without bending the wire ends.

" Connect the battery across the two needles.

coil.
" Now place amagnet below the

10
 magnet
electrical
tape

11
DC MOTOR CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Coil

Pins

Switch

12
 HOW DC MOTOR ACTUALLY
WORKS?
The metal, needles, and wire created a closed loop circuit that Can
carry current. Current flows from the negative terminal of the battery,
through the circuit,and to the positive terminal of the battery. Current
in aclosed loop also creates its own magnetic field, which you Can
determine by the Right Hand Rule." Making a thumbs up" sign with
your right hand, the thumb points In thedirection of the current, and
the curve of the fingers show which way the magnetic field is
oriented.

In our case,current travels through the coil you created, which is

called the armature of the motor. This current induces a magnetic field
in the coil, which helps explain why the coil spins.
Magnets have two poles, north and south. North-south interactions
stick together, and north-north and south-south interactions repel each
other. Because the magnetic field created by the current in the wire is
not perpendicular to the magnet taped to the battery, at least some part
of the wire's magnetic field willrepel and cause the coil to continue to
spin.
only one side of
So why did we need to remove the insulation from
each wire? We need a way to periodically break the circuit so that it
the
Dulses on and off in time with the rotation of the coil. Otherwise.
magnetic
copper coil's magnetic field would align with the magnet's
attract each other The
field and stop moving because both fields would
whenever current is movine
way we set up our engine makes it so that coil is in a cood
through the coil (giving it a magnetic field), the
13
position to be repelled by the stationary magnet's magnetie d
Whenever the coil isn't being actively repelled (during those Sphi
second intervals where the circuit is switchedof). momentum carries
it around until it'sin the right position to complete the circuit, induce a
new magneticfield, and be repelled by the stationary magnet again.

14
 TROUBLESHO0TING
" Has the rotor been stripped correctlv2 Hold the
plane of the loop
SO that it is oriented vertically, One of the straight
sections or ie
rotor should be stripped completely (from rotor to end); the other
straight section should be stripped on the top only.
" Is the circuit complete? Check each
connection: red lead to
thumbtack, thumbtack to paperclip, paperclip to stripped section
of rotor, other stripped section of rotor to other
paperclip to thumbtack, thumbtack to black [Link],
Any break in
the circuit willprevent current from flowing and thereby
motor from working prevent

Is the rotor level and directly above the magnet? Adjust the rotor,
paperclip supports and magnet until both straight sections of the
rotor are perfectly horizontal, both paperclips supports are at the
same height, and the magnet is directly underneath the rotor
when the rotor is oriented so that the plane of the loop is vertical.

" Is the rotor close to the magnet? The magnetic field is strongest
nearest to the magnet. When the plane of the rotor is oriented
vertically, the bottom of the rotor should be as close to the
magnet (without touching) as possible.

" Is the battery providing power? Use a voltmeter or multi-meter

tocheck the voltage of the battery or simply replace with a fresh
9-volt battery

15
 PRECAUTIONS

" Allthe connection should be neat and tight.

" Remove the insulation of the copper wire at both tips.

Make sure the magnets used are enough strong to rotate the
coil continuously.
The copper wire should not be thicker than 0.2mm.

" If the coilis not rotating by itself, just give a push torotate.

" The coilshould be oriented in the balanced position.

its all mass is
The coilshould be balanced in such a way that
on to the both pin.
don't use iron pin in the coil.
" Make sure you

16
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
"WIKIPEDIA

"GOOGLE SEARCH ENGINE

" YOUTUBE

" PHYSICS NCERT BOOK OF CLASS XII

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