Mount Carmel College of Escalante Inc.

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Escalante City, Negros Occidental

Learning Activity Sheets (LAS) No. 1 - Lesson 10

Name of Learner:___________________________________________
Grade and Section: BSED ENGLISH 3B Date:

The Wound Dresser and When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d” by
Walt Whitman

I. Learning Competency/Objectives
  Create own metaphoric article.
  Determine specific forms and conventional forms.

II. Background Information for Learners

MOTIVATION QUESTIONS:

1. What are some ways we remember important people in our lives today?
Answer: Excellent answer! That was a very insightful way to look at it. So,
given some ways to remember important people in our lives today I can share
stories or writing poems about them. In addition, I keep their memory alive by
creating physical reminders like photo albums or memory boxes.

2. Can you think of a time when someone’s small act of kindness had a huge
impact on a person in need?
Answer: Great job! That shows strong understanding on how a simple act of
kindness had a huge impact on a person. Yes, a simple greeting from a
cashier made my lonely day much brighter. That small moment of attention
helped me feel seen and valued. It showed me that one kind word can truly lift
a heavy heart.

3. Have you ever experienced a difficult time that you later found a way to
create something beautiful from, like a piece of art or a story?
Answer: Perfect! It is well-reasoned and clearly explained. When I face a hard
time, I turned my sad feelings into a story. Writing down my thoughts helped
me see my problems in a new light, making the difficult situation feel less
overwhelming.

Now let’s proceed to our pre-test. I will give you five minutes to answer
and after that we will check your papers.

PRE-TEST
Direction: Choose and encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. Who is the author of the “The wound Dresser”?

A. William Shakespeare B. Alexander Hamilton
C. Walt Whitman D. Edgar Allan Poe

2. What is Walt Whitman often called as?

[Link] of Poetry [Link] ofFree Verse
[Link] of Short Story [Link] of English Literature

3. It is a rhetorical device that makes a non-literal comparison between two

unlike things.
A. Metaphor B. Simile
C. Direct Metaphor D. Article

4. It is a figure of speech that combines two or more metaphors, resulting in a

confusing or nonsensical statement.
A. Direct Metaphor B. Mixed Metaphor
C. Dead Metaphor D. Implied Metaphor

5. It isalso called asasustained metaphor.

A. Direct Metaphor B. Mixed Metaphor
C. Extended Metaphor D. Implied Metaphor

This time we will discuss Walt Whitman and two of the remarkable
poems that he wrote, The Wound Dresser and When Lilacs Last in the
Dooryard Bloom’d. Each poem uses unique metaphors and bears witness to
human suffering and finding meaning within it.

Walt Whitman

Walter Whitman Jr. was an American poet, essayist, and journalist; he also
wrote two novels. He is considered one of the most influential poets in
American literature and world literature. Whitman incorporated both
transcendentalism and realism in his writings and is often called the father of
free verse.

Born on Long Island, New York, Whitman had limited formal education.
He worked as a printer, a teacher, and a journalist throughout his career.

During the American Civil War, he worked as a volunteer nurse in

hospitals in Washington, D.C., caring for the wounded. This experience
deeply influenced his poetry, which often focused on healing, and the shared
national trauma.

Now, let us have The Wound Dresser and When Lilacs last in the
Dooryard Bloom’d by Walt Whitman.

The Wound Dresser

 "The Wound-Dresser" by Walt Whitman is a poem based on his experiences
as a Civil War hospital nurse, where an elderly man recounts his memories to
a group of children. The poem contrasts the initial youthful excitement for war
with the grim reality of tending to the wounded and dying, depicting the
horrors of war and emphasizing the importance of compassion and shared
human suffering over glory. The narrator's duty shifts from a "warhawk"
attitude to a more somber role of soothing the sick and observing the dead.

The Wound Dresser is not about big battles or heroes. It is about a

man who works as a nurse (or “dresser”) in the army hospitals.

When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d

“When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d” was written by the American poet
Walt Whitman. Composed in the wake of President Abraham Lincoln’s
assassination, the poem takes the form of a pastoral elegy, mourning
Lincoln’s death while praising the beauty of springtime and the natural world.
The speaker comes to accept death as part of life and suggests that, just as
spring follows winter, the American people will flourish again after this period
of grief. Whitman included the poem in his 1865 collection Drum-Taps, a
sequence of poems based on his experiences working as a nurse during the
American Civil War.

The poem uses a series of recurring symbols—a fallen star, a

blooming lilac, and a hermit thrush—to represent the stages of grief, from
sorrow to a more hopeful acceptance of death as a natural part of life and a
force for rebirth.

 The "star" - represents Lincoln, whose shining light is suddenly extinguished

from the sky, leaving the poet in grief.

 The "lilac" - represents the poet's personal, earthy grief, with its fragrant,
blooming presence contrasting with the dark, public loss of Lincoln.

 The "hermit thrush" - sings a "carol of death," which is both mournful and
consoling, and represents a turning point where the poet moves from personal
sorrow towards accepting death as a universal and natural process.
 At this moment, let’s tackle the Metaphoric Article, Metaphor, and
Types of Metaphor.

Metaphoric Article

A metaphoric article uses metaphors—figures of speech that create an implicit

comparison by stating one thing is another—to explain complex ideas, evoke
emotions, or add layers of meaning beyond the literal.

For example, an article could use the metaphor "life is a journey" to

discuss personal growth by comparing life experiences to a path, its
challenges to obstacles on that path, and future goals to destinations.

Metaphor

A metaphor is a rhetorical device that makes a non-literal comparison

between two unlike things. Metaphors are used to describe an object or action
by stating (or implying) that it is something else (e.g., “knowledge is a
butterfly”).

Metaphors typically have two parts:

A tenor is the thing or idea that the metaphor describes (e.g., “knowledge”).

A vehicle is the thing or idea used to describe the tenor (e.g.,“a butterfly”).

Types of Metaphor
1. DIRECT METAPHOR - a direct metaphor compares two unrelated things
by explicitly stating that one thing is another.

In Direct Metaphor, it typically uses a form of the verb“be” to connect

two things. “Be” verbs are is, was, are, were.

Examples:
Charlie was a saint!
Ami and Vera are two peas in a pod.
A book is a passport to another world.

2. IMPLIED METAPHOR
An implied metaphor compares two unlike things without explicitly naming one
of them. Instead, a comparison is typically made using a non-literal verb.

It suggests the comparison through verbs, adjectives, or other phrasing

that implies a non-literal meaning, as seen in the example, "the captain
barked orders" (comparing the captain to a dog without saying "the captain is
a dog").

Examples:
Her smile lit up the room.
The captain barked orders at the soldiers.
The politician cut down his opponent with his speech.

3. EXTENDED METAPHOR
An extended metaphor (also called a sustained metaphor) occurs when an
initial comparison is developed or sustained over several lines or paragraphs
(or stanzas, in the case of a poem).

An extended metaphor serves the same purpose as a metaphor—to

create a comparison—but uses several sentences, paragraphs, or even
longer to do so.

Examples:
All the world’s a stage, And all the men and women merely players. They
have their exits and their entrances, And one man in his time plays many
parts, His acts being seven ages.

4. MIXED METAPHOR
A mixed metaphor is a figure of speech that combines two or more
metaphors, resulting in a confusing or nonsensical statement.

A mixed metaphor is the linking of two or more disparate elements,

which can result in an unintentionally comic effect produced by the writer’s
insensitivity to the literal meaning of words or by the falseness of the
comparison.

Examples:
Put your ducks in a row and don’t count them before they hatch.
She’s a rising star, and with the right guidance, she’ll spread her wings.

5. DEAD METAPHOR
A dead metaphor is a figure of speech that has become so familiar due to
repeated use that people no longer recognize it as a metaphor. Instead, it’s
understood as having a straightforward meaning.

These are often cliches that are no longer surprising or imaginative, but
they remain a natural part of language evolution.

Examples:
Raining cats and dogs.
Spill the beans.
Hold your horses.

Lastly, we have the specific and conventional forms in poetry.

Poetry is a type of literature that conveys a thought, describes a scene

or tells a story in a concentrated, lyrical arrangement of words. Poems can be
structured with rhyming lines and meter, the rhythm and emphasis of a line
based on syllabic beats. But it can also be free form, which follows no formal
structure.
The way a poem’s words and lines are laid out on a page is known as
form. Poetry uses forms and conventions to suggest differential interpretations
of words, or to evoke emotive responses. Let us take a glimpse and dig on the
different specific forms of poetry.

Specific and Conventional Forms

SPECIFIC FORMS

Specific forms refer to the highly defined, often strict subsets within the
conventional forms. They are literary templates with mandatory rules
concerning length, meter, rhyme scheme, and/or stanza pattern.

CONVENTIONAL FORMS
Conventional forms refer to the large, recognized types of writing that have a
generally accepted purpose, structure, and tradition. They are the broad
genres that readers and writers instantly recognize.
Conventional forms of poetry adhere to a definite verse structure or set
of characteristics. They are known for typically following particular rhyme
schemes and metrical patterns.

a.) Tanaga is an indigenous type of Filipino poem that is used in the Tagalog
language. It uses four lines, each line having seven syllables only.
While traditionally written in Tagalog, it is a form of poetry that uses
metaphor and has varying rhyme schemes, such as AABB or AAAA, to
convey a message succinctly.
Example: Putul-putol na ugat,
Sa dibdib nitong gubat,
Ay nakikipag-usap,
Sa nag-iwi ng tabak!

b.) Diona - is a pre-Hispanic rhyming poem of three lines with seven syllables
in each line expressing a complete thought.
This traditional poetic form was used to impart lessons or convey
complete thoughts, and was often sung rather than recited, similar to a
domestic song or a "Pinoy haiku".
Example: "Isang mapulang apol
Sa'yo lagi kong ungol
na ayaw kong pumatol”

c.) Haiku - is a traditional Japanese three-line poem with seventeen syllables,

written in a 5/7/5 syllable count which often focused on images from nature.
It emphasizes simplicity, intensity, and directness of expression.
Example: Fly High by D. Bantilan
On a sunny day
Birds happily fly above
 Flying high and free

d.) Sonnet - is a lyric poem consisting of 14 lines and, in the English version,
is usually written in iambic pentameter.
There are two basic kinds of sonnets: The Italian (or Petrarchan)
sonnet and the Shakespearean (or Elizabethan/English) sonnet.

The Shakespearean sonnet consists of three quatrains (four lines each) and a
concluding couplet (two lines). The rhyme scheme is usually ABAB CDCD
EFEF GG.
Example: Sonnet 18 by William Shakespeare

The Petrarchan sonnet consists of an octave (eight lines) and a sestet (six
lines) it is divided in two parts: an octave (eight lines) and the sestet (six lines)
which follows ABBAABBA CDECDE or CDCCDC.
Example: "The New Colossus" by Emma Lazarus

e.) Free verse - is lyric poetry that doesn't follow a particular rhyme pattern or
meter but varies in its rhythm according to the mood the poet wants to create.
Free verse poetry has: no set rhythm that is very obvious, no set rhyme
scheme, and lastly, free verse lines ca be composed of irregular length. An
example of free verse is When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d by Walt
Whitman.

It should be noted that what contributes to the poem's pleasing effect is

its unique structure. It is therefore paramount to analyze how was it formed.

IV. Activity Proper Activity 1: The Poets

Directions: Create a metaphoric article in the form of poetry about someone
you deeply cared (a teacher, parent, or friend). You can choose what type of
poetry you would like to write. Write your work in the space provided.

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GENERALIZATION QUESTIONS:
1. How does Whitman’s use of free verse make his poetry feel more personal
and real?
Answer: Fantastic! That was a thoughtful response. Whitman’s free verse
breaks away from stiff rhyme and rhythm rules. This makes his writing sound
like a person’s natural speaking voice instead of a formal poem because it
sounds like common talk, it feels more honest and personal to the reader.
This open style lets Whitman truly share his feelings and experiences directly.

2. In what ways can a poem be considered a ‘metaphorical article’ about a

real-life event?
Answer: Excellent! Yes, that’s it! A poem can be a metaphorical article by
using symbols to represent real people or actions. The poem’s images and
feelings stand in for the actual facts of the event. It tells the true story, but in a
deeply imaginative and indirect way.

3. If you were writing a metaphoric article today about social division, what
single symbol (like Whitman’s lilac or star) would you choose to represent and
why?
Answer: Good thinking! I’m glad you raised a point. If I could choose a symbol
for social division, I would pick a cracked mirror. The mirror still reflects the
world, but the lines show how the world is broken into separate, sharp pieces.
This perfectly symbolizes how people see the same society but are split
division.

Wonderful! It was evident that everyone actively listened to

and respected each other’s perspectives during the discussion. Moreover,
everyone took all the complex ideas we just talked about and distilled them
into a perfectly clear summary.

III. References
• Ward, S., (2024). "The Wound-Dresser by Walt Whitman". Poem Analysis.
• Alb, M., (2020). When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom`d by Walt
Whitman. Poem Analysis.
• Department of Education. (2020). Specific Forms and Conventions
of Poetry. Republic of the Philippines.
• Eoghan, R. (2023). What is a metaphor? | Definition & Examples. Scribbr.

POST-TEST
Direction: Choose and encircle the letter of the correct answer.

[Link] is the author of the “The wound Dresser”?

A. William Shakespeare B. Alexander Hamilton
C. Walt Whitman D. Edgar Allan Poe

2. What is Walt Whitman often called as?

[Link] of Poetry [Link] of Free Verse
[Link] of Short Story [Link] of English Literature
3. It is a rhetorical device that makes a non-literal comparison between two
unlike things.
A. Metaphor B. Simile
C. Direct Metaphor D. Article

5. It is a figure of speech that combines two or more metaphors, resulting in a

confusing or nonsensical statement.
A. Direct Metaphor B. Mixed Metaphor
C. Dead Metaphor D. Implied Metaphor

5. It isalso called asasustained metaphor.

A. Direct Metaphor B. Mixed Metaphor
C. Extended Metaphor D. Implied Metaphor

WHAT I HAVE LEARNED:

Write at least five (5) sentences of what have you learned in this lesson.
Write your work in the space provided.

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Prepared by:
Cervantes, Analie P.
Geronimo, Ryza C.