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B. Pharm Program Regulations at Saurashtra University

Q: What role does adsorption play in ensuring the efficacy of drug formulations, and what are the potential challenges associated with it?

Adsorption is crucial in drug formulation as it can affect the drug’s bioavailability and stability. Adsorption on excipients may result in the drug being released at a slower rate or protected from degradation. However, challenges include unintended interactions with other ingredients, which can alter the drug's effectiveness or stability. Adsorption is also critical in the development of sustained-release formulations, where the drug is adsorbed onto a polymer matrix, releasing slowly into the bloodstream to maintain therapeutic levels. Solving these challenges requires precise control over the formulation variables, including pH and ionic strength .

Q: How do physicochemical properties influence the formulation of pharmaceutical dosage forms?

Physicochemical properties such as solubility, ionization, and partition coefficients critically influence drug formulation by affecting the drug's absorption, distribution, and stability. For instance, solubility affects the bioavailability of the drug; poor solubility can result in insufficient therapeutic levels in the body. Ionization impacts the drug's absorption as only the non-ionized form can typically cross cell membranes. Additionally, the partition coefficient affects the distribution of the drug between aqueous and lipid phases, essential for crossing biological membranes. These properties are foundational in determining the type and composition of the dosage form, ensuring efficacy and safety .

Q: How do compartmentalized structures within pharmacy education affect the learning of core subjects such as pharmaceutical organic chemistry and pharmacognosy?

Compartmentalized structures in pharmacy education can provide focused and in-depth coverage of subjects, allowing students to develop specialized knowledge. For core subjects like pharmaceutical organic chemistry and pharmacognosy, this can mean comprehensive exposure to synthesis processes, structure-activity relationships, and the exploration of natural sources of drugs. However, this structure may also pose challenges in integrating across different pharmacy disciplines, requiring strategies to interlink knowledge from organic chemistry, pharmacology, and practical applications for holistic learning .

Q: Discuss the significance and applications of the Ilkovic equation in polarography for analyzing pharmaceuticals.

The Ilkovic equation is fundamental in polarography, used to relate the diffusion currents measured during polarography experiments to the concentration of electroactive species in a solution. This equation allows for quantitative analysis of pharmaceutical samples, as it provides a means to determine the concentration of ions in a solution by measuring the limiting current under controlled conditions. Applications in pharmaceuticals include the examination of trace elements and active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), which are essential for quality control and ensuring the safety and efficacy of drug products .

Q: What are the key principles of potentiometric titration and what applications does it have in pharmaceutical analysis?

Potentiometric titration involves the measurement of the potential difference between two electrodes immersed in the solution being analyzed as a function of the volume of titrant added. This technique is particularly useful in determining the endpoint of a titration without the need for color indicators, especially in cases where the substance may not have a visible or appropriate pH change. Applications in pharmaceutical analysis include the determination of acid-base titrations, redox titrations, and the analysis of compounds that may be sensitive to light or oxidation. This method is advantageous for its precision and the ability to automate the process .

Q: How do the physicochemical properties of colloids impact their medicinal use and application in pharmaceutical products?

Physicochemical properties of colloids, such as particle size, surface charge, and stability, significantly impact their medicinal use and application. Colloids can enhance drug solubility, stability, and delivery, crucial for formulations requiring controlled release or targeted delivery. In pharmaceuticals, colloids are used in the formulation of emulsions, suspensions, and liposomal drugs. Challenges include the need to maintain colloidal stability during storage and administration, which requires understanding interfacial phenomena and rheology to prevent aggregation or sedimentation .

Q: Explain the processes involved in the chemical synthesis of beta blockers and their pharmacological impact.

Beta blockers are synthesized through chemical processes that typically involve the formation of ether linkages, creating a structure that can precisely interact with beta-adrenergic receptors. Synthesis may involve steps such as reduction, alkylation, and condensation reactions to create the desired functional groups. Pharmacologically, beta blockers reduce heart rate and dilate blood vessels, making them effective in treating hypertension, angina, and other cardiovascular conditions. Their synthesis must be controlled to ensure the correct stereochemistry for optimal receptor binding and therapeutic efficacy .

Q: What are the challenges and methods associated with buffer solution preparation in pharmaceutical formulary?

The preparation of buffer solutions in pharmaceutical formularies involves maintaining the pH stability of the solution, which is crucial for drug stability and efficacy. Challenges in this task include ensuring the buffer capacity is adequate to resist pH changes upon dilution or addition of acidic or basic compounds. Various methods are used to prepare buffer solutions, including the combination of weak acids with their conjugate bases or weak bases with their conjugate acids. In pharmaceuticals, precise calculations and considerations for the ionic strength are necessary to simulate biological conditions accurately and ensure the drug's therapeutic effect .

Q: What are some critical factors affecting the drug metabolism, and what implications do these have on therapeutic efficacy and safety?

Several factors affect drug metabolism, including enzyme induction or inhibition, genetic polymorphisms, age, liver function, and concurrent use of other drugs. These factors can significantly alter the rate of drug metabolism, impacting the drug's therapeutic efficacy and safety. For example, enzyme induction could lead to decreased plasma levels of a drug, reducing its effectiveness, whereas inhibition might increase blood levels, raising the risk of adverse effects. Understanding these factors is crucial in dosing adjustments and anticipating drug interactions to ensure patient safety .

Q: Describe the therapeutic significance of cholinesterase inhibitors and the structural activity relationship (SAR) that influences their design.

Cholinesterase inhibitors hold therapeutic significance in treating conditions like myasthenia gravis, Alzheimer's disease, and certain snake venom intoxications by preventing the breakdown of acetylcholine, which enhances cholinergic action. The SAR of these inhibitors involves the presence of charged groups that interact with the active site of cholinesterase, ensuring inhibition. Structural modifications to optimize binding affinity and duration of action can enhance therapeutic efficiency, involving careful consideration of molecular size, charge distribution, and hydrophobic characteristics .

Saurashtra University offers a Bachelor of Pharmacy (B. Pharm) program with a comprehensive curriculum designed to equip students with essential knowledge and skills in pharmaceutical sciences. The program includes various outcomes such as patient counseling, domain knowledge, professional skills, and practical training, aimed at preparing graduates for careers in pharmacy and healthcare. The regulations for the program, effective from June 2017, outline admission criteria, course structure, credit requirements, and examination details.

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B. Pharm Program Regulations at Saurashtra University

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SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY

Accredited Grade “A”

By NAAC

FACULTY OF PHARMACY

Bachelor of Pharmacy (B. Pharm)

Ordinances and Regulations

Effective from
June 2017
(Four-Year full-time UG Course)
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Saurashtra University
Rajkot - 360 005
[Link]
PROGRAM OUTCOMES
POs OF BACHELOR OF PHARMACY (B. Pharm):
Students of all undergraduate pharmacy degree programs at the time of graduation will be able to
learn:
PO 1: Patient counselling and community service:
The students will be able to acquire adequate knowledge of patient counselling and drug
interactions and utilising, sharing this knowledge with practitioners for betterment of health in the
society. Students will be able to continuously upgrade professional information and be conversant
with latest advances in the field of pharmacy to serve community better.
PO 2: Domain knowledge of the field:
The students will be able to learn and acquire adequate knowledge, necessary skills to practice
pharmacy profession. They will acquire knowledge and scientific information regarding basic
principles of Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical, Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutics,
Pharmacognosy, Clinical Pharmacy, herbal medicines and related undergraduate subjects.
PO 3: Professional skills required for pharmacy:
Students will be able to demonstrate skills necessary for practice of a Pharmacy profession viz.
synthesis and analysis of medicinal agents, prescription analysis, quality assurance and
regulatory aspects, manufacturing and storage of pharmaceutical products, screening of various
medicinal agents using animal models for pharmacological activity.
PO 4: Acquire practical skills:
Students will be able to learn practical aspects of APIs synthesis and analyse various
pharmaceutical dosage forms as per standards of official books (e.g. WHO, USFDA, MHRA).
They will learn pharmacological screening and biological standardization and in-vivo drug
interactions, extraction of medicinal plant, importance for various herbal formulations, Product
detailing, marketing, distribution and selling of pharmaceutical products.
PO 5: Professional assistance to physician and marketing skills:
They will be able to explain and assist the physicians for prescription analysis and drug
interaction. They will also be able to market the medicinal agents for diagnosis, prevention and
therapeutic purposes.
PO 6: Formulations and manufacturing of drugs:
The students will acquire in depth knowledge of formulation, quality assurance and storage of
various pharmaceutical dosage forms including herbal medicines. The students will be able to
understand the concept of community pharmacy and be able to participate in health care
programs.
PO 7: Community pharmacy and social responsibility:
Students will be able to apply the current knowledge of Pharmacy in the best interest of the
patients and the community by maintaining high standards of professional ethics.

Page 2 of 214
Program Specific Outcomes (PSO) of Bachelor of Pharmacy (B.
Pharm)
After completion of the program students are able:

PSO 1: To impart theoretical & Practical knowledge among students in the various fields
of pharmaceutical sciences viz., Pharmaceutics, Pharmaceutical Chemistry,
Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy.

PSO 2: To promote the development of communication skills, leadership qualities among

the students.

PSO 3: To upgrade practical skill of the students through industrial training and research
to meet the challenges of the Pharmaceutical field.

PSO 4: To make aware the students with fundamental regulatory aspects of

Pharmaceuticals.

PSO 5: Ability to apply the knowledge of pharmacy to solve the problems of healthcare/
Pharmaceutical industry.

PSO 6: Ability to start own ventures as entrepreneurs.

PSO 7: Ability to work in Hospital Pharmacy, CHCs (Community Health Centres),

District Hospitals, Tertiary & Teaching Hospitals, other public sector hospitals] and
Clinical Pharmacy (In patient care settings– both in hospitals and community pharmacy).

Page 3 of 214
CHAPTER- I: REGULATIONS
Short Title and Commencement
These regulations shall be called as “The Revised Regulations for the B. Pharm. Degree
Program (CBCS)of the Pharmacy Council of India, New Delhi”. They shall come into
effect from the Academic Year 2016-17. The regulations framed are subject to
modifications from time to time by Pharmacy Council of India.
Minimum qualification for admission
First year B. Pharm:
Candidate shall have passed 10+2 examination conducted by the respective state/central
government authorities recognized as equivalent to 10+2 examination by the Association of
Indian Universities (AIU) with English as one of the subjects and Physics, Chemistry,
Mathematics (P.C.M) and or Biology (P.C.B / P.C.M.B.) as optional subjects individually.
Any other qualification approved by the Pharmacy Council of India as equivalent to any of
the above examinations.
B. Pharm lateral entry (to third semester):
A pass in D. Pharm. course from an institution approved by the Pharmacy Council of India
under section 12 of the Pharmacy Act.
Duration of the program
The course of study for [Link] shall extend over a period of eight semesters (four
academic years) and six semesters (three academic years) for lateral entry students. The
curricula and syllabi for the program shall be prescribed from time to time by Pharmacy
Council of India, New Delhi.
Medium of instruction and examinations
Medium of instruction and examination shall be in English.
Working days in each semester
Each semestershall consist of not less than 100 working days. The odd semesters shall be
conducted from the month of June/July to November/December and the even semesters
shall be conducted from December/January to May/June in every calendar year.
Attendance and progress
A candidate is required to put in at least 80% attendance in individual courses considering
theory and practical separately. The candidate shall complete the prescribed course
satisfactorily to be eligible to appear for the respective examinations.
Program/Course credit structure
As per the philosophy of Credit Based Semester System, certain quantum of academic
work viz. theory classes, tutorial hours, practical classes, etc. are measured in terms of
credits. On satisfactory completion of the courses, a candidate earns credits. The amount of
credit associated with a course is dependent upon the number of hours of instruction per
week in that course. Similarly, the credit associated with any of the other academic,

Page 4 of 214
co/extra-curricular activities is dependent upon the quantum of work expected to be put in
for each of these activities per week.
Credit assignment
Theory and Laboratory courses
Courses are broadly classified as Theory and Practical. Theory courses consist of lecture
(L) and /or tutorial (T) hours, and Practical (P) courses consist of hours spent in the
laboratory. Credits (C) for a course is dependent on the number of hours of instruction
per week in that course, and is obtained by using a multiplier of one (1) for lecture and
tutorial hours, and a multiplier of half (1/2) for practical (laboratory) hours. Thus, for
example, a theory course having three lectures and one tutorial per week throughout the
semester carries a credit of 4. Similarly, a practical having four laboratory hours per
week throughout semester carries a credit of 2.
Minimum credit requirements
The minimum credit points required for award of a B. Pharm. degree is 208. These
credits are divided into Theory courses, Tutorials, Practical, Practice School and Projectover
the duration of eight semesters. The credits are distributed semester-wise as shown in Table
IX. Courses generally progress in sequences, building competencies and their positioning
indicates certain academic maturity on the part of the learners. Learners are expected to
follow the semester-wise schedule of courses given in the syllabus.
The lateral entry students shall get 52 credit points transferred from their D. Pharm
program. Such students shall take up additional remedial courses of ‘Communication Skills’
(Theory and Practical) and ‘Computer Applications in Pharmacy’ (Theory and Practical)
equivalent to 3 and 4 credit points respectively, a total of 7 credit points to attain 59
credit points, the maximum of I and II semesters.
Academic work
A regular record of attendance both in Theory and Practical shall be maintained by the
teaching staff of respective courses.
Course of study
The course of study for B. Pharm shall include Semester Wise Theory & Practical as
given in Table – I to VIII. The number of hours to be devoted to each theory, tutorial and
practical course in any semester shall not be less than that shown in Table – I to VIII.

Page 5 of 214
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Course structure and scheme for examination

Semester I

No. of Weightage Weightage For Duration of

Subject Course Total
Title of the Course Hrs. Per For Internal Semester End Semester end
Code Credits Marks
Week Examination Examination Exam in hrs.
Human Anatomy and Physiology I–
BP101T 4 15 25 75 100 3 Hrs.
Theory
BP102T Pharmaceutical Analysis I – Theory 4 15 25 75 100 3 Hrs.
BP103T Pharmaceutics I – Theory 4 15 25 75 100 3 Hrs.
Pharmaceutical Inorganic
BP104T Chemistry – 4 15 25 75 100 3 Hrs.
Theory
BP105T Communication skills – Theory * 2 10 15 35 50 1.5 Hrs.
BP106RBT Remedial Biology/
2 10 15 35 50 1.5 Hrs.
BP106RMT Remedial Mathematics – Theory*
Human Anatomy and Physiology –
BP107P 2 10 15 35 50 4 Hrs.
Practical
Pharmaceutical Analysis I –
BP108P 2 10 15 35 50 4 Hrs.
Practical
BP109P Pharmaceutics I – Practical 2 10 15 35 50 4 Hrs.
Pharmaceutical Inorganic
BP110P Chemistry – 2 10 15 35 50 4 Hrs.
Practical
BP111P Communication skills – Practical * 2 10 10 15 25 2 Hrs.
BP112RBP Remedial Biology – Practical* 2 10 10 15 25 2 Hrs.
* Non University Examination (NUE)

Page 6 of 214
Semester-II

No. of Weightage Weightage For Duration Of

Subject Course Total
Title of the Course Hrs. Per For Internal Semester End Semester end
Code Credits Marks
Week Examination Examination Exam in hrs.
Human Anatomy and Physiology II –
BP201T 4 3 25 75 100 3 Hrs.
Theory
Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry I –
BP202T 4 3 25 75 100 3 Hrs.
Theory
BP203T Biochemistry – Theory 4 3 25 75 100 3 Hrs.
BP204T Pathophysiology – Theory 4 3 25 75 100 3 Hrs.
Computer Applications in Pharmacy –
BP205T 3 3 25 50 75 2 Hrs.
Theory *
BP206T Environmental sciences – Theory * 3 3 25 50 75 2 Hrs.
Human Anatomy and Physiology II –
BP207P 2 4 15 35 50 4 Hrs.
Practical
Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry I–
BP208P 2 4 15 35 50 4 Hrs.
Practical
BP209P Biochemistry – Practical 2 4 15 35 50 4 Hrs.
Computer Applications in Pharmacy –
BP210P 1 2 10 15 25 2 Hrs.
Practical*
*Non University Examination (NUE)

Page 7 of 214
Semester III

No. of Weightage Weightage For Duration Of

Subject Course Total
Title of the Course Hrs. Per For Internal Semester End Semester end
Code Credits Marks
Week Examination Examination Exam in hrs.
Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry II
BP301T 4 3 25 75 100 3 Hrs.
– Theory
BP302T Physical Pharmaceutics I – Theory 4 3 25 75 100 3 Hrs.
Pharmaceutical Microbiology –
BP303T 4 3 25 75 100 3 Hrs.
Theory
BP304T Pharmaceutical Engineering – Theory 4 3 25 75 100 3 Hrs.
Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry II
BP305P 2 4 15 35 50 4 Hrs.
– Practical
BP306P Physical Pharmaceutics I – Practical 2 4 15 35 50 4 Hrs.
Pharmaceutical Microbiology –
BP307P 2 4 15 35 50 4 Hrs.
Practical
Pharmaceutical Engineering –
BP 308P 2 4 15 35 50 4 Hrs.
Practical
Management Process and
BP 309T 3 3 25 75 100 3 Hrs.
Organizational Behavior

Page 8 of 214
Semester IV

No. of Weightage Weightage For Duration Of

Subject Course Total
Title of the Course Hrs. Per For Internal Semester End Semester end
Code Credits Marks
Week Examination Examination Exam in hrs.
Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry
BP401T 4 3 25 75 100 3 Hrs.
III– Theory
BP402T Medicinal Chemistry I – Theory 4 3 25 75 100 3 Hrs.
BP403T Physical Pharmaceutics II – Theory 4 3 25 75 100 3 Hrs.
BP404T Pharmacology I – Theory 4 3 25 75 100 3 Hrs.
Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry
BP405T 4 3 25 75 100 3 Hrs.
I– Theory
BP406P Medicinal Chemistry I – Practical 2 4 15 35 50 4 Hrs.
BP407P Physical Pharmaceutics II – Practical 2 4 15 35 50 4 Hrs.
BP408P Pharmacology I – Practical 2 4 15 35 50 4 Hrs.
Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry I
BP409P 2 4 15 35 50 4 Hrs.
– Practical
BP410T Micro and Macro Economics 3 3 25 75 100 3 Hrs.

Page 9 of 214
Semester V

No. of Weightage Weightage For Duration Of

Subject Course Total
Title of the Course Hrs. Per For Internal Semester End Semester end
Code Credits Marks
Week Examination Examination Exam in hrs.
BP501T Medicinal Chemistry II – Theory 4 3 25 75 100 3 Hrs.
BP502T Industrial Pharmacy I– Theory 4 3 25 75 100 3 Hrs.
BP503T Pharmacology II – Theory 4 3 25 75 100 3 Hrs.
Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry
BP504T 4 3 25 75 100 3 Hrs.
II– Theory
Pharmaceutical Jurisprudence –
BP505T 4 3 25 75 100 3 Hrs.
Theory
BP506P Industrial Pharmacy I – Practical 2 4 15 35 50 4 Hrs.
BP507P Pharmacology II – Practical 2 4 15 35 50 4 Hrs.
Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry
BP508P 2 4 15 35 50 4 Hrs.
II – Practical
Pharmaceutical Marketing and drug
BP509T 3 3 25 75 100 3 Hrs.
store management

Page 10 of 214
Semester VI

No. of Weightage Weightage For Duration Of

Subject Course Total
Title of the Course Hrs. Per For Internal Semester End Semester end
Code Credits Marks
Week Examination Examination Exam in hrs.
BP601T Medicinal Chemistry III – Theory 4 3 25 75 100 3 Hrs.
BP602T Pharmacology III – Theory 4 3 25 75 100 3 Hrs.
BP603T Herbal Drug Technology – Theory 4 3 25 75 100 3 Hrs.
Biopharmaceutics and
BP604T 4 3 25 75 100 3 Hrs.
Pharmacokinetics –Theory
Pharmaceutical Biotechnology –
BP605T 4 3 25 75 100 3 Hrs.
Theory
BP606T Quality Assurance –Theory 4 3 25 75 100 3 Hrs.
BP607P Medicinal chemistry III – Practical 2 4 15 35 50 4 Hrs.
BP608P Pharmacology III – Practical 2 4 15 35 50 4 Hrs.
BP609P Herbal Drug Technology – Practical 2 4 15 35 50 4 Hrs.
BP610T Financial Management 3 3 25 75 100 3 Hrs.

Page 11 of 214
Semester VII

No. of Weightage Weightage For Duration Of

Subject Course Total
Title of the Course Hrs. Per For Internal Semester End Semester end
Code Credits Marks
Week Examination Examination Exam in hrs.
Instrumental Methods of Analysis –
BP701T 4 3 25 75 100 3 Hrs.
Theory
BP702T Industrial Pharmacy II – Theory 4 3 25 75 100 3 Hrs.
BP703T Pharmacy Practice – Theory 4 3 25 75 100 3 Hrs.
Novel Drug Delivery System –
BP704T 4 3 25 75 100 3 Hrs.
Theory
Instrumental Methods of Analysis –
BP705P 2 4 15 35 50 4 Hrs.
Practical
BP706PS Practice School* 6 12 25 125 150 5 Hrs.
BP707T Material and Operation Management 3 3 25 75 100 3 Hrs.
* Non University Examination (NUE)

Page 12 of 214
Semester VIII

No. of Weightage Weightage For Duration Of

Subject Course Total
Title of the Course Hrs. Per For Internal Semester End Semester end
Code Credits Marks
Week Examination Examination Exam in hrs.
Biostatistics and Research
BP801T 4 3 25 75 100 3 Hrs.
Methodology – Theory
Social and Preventive Pharmacy –
BP802T 4 3 25 75 100 3 Hrs.
Theory
BP803ET Pharmaceutical Marketing – Theory
Pharmaceutical Regulatory Science –
BP804ET
Theory
BP805ET Pharmacovigilance – Theory
Quality Control and Standardization
BP806ET
of Herbals – Theory
Computer Aided Drug Design –

100+100 = 200
BP807ET

75+75 = 150

3+3 = 6 Hrs.
25+25 = 50
Theory

4+4 = 8

3+3 = 6
BP808ET Cell and Molecular Biology – Theory
BP809ET Cosmetic Science – Theory
Pharmacological Screening Mthods –
BP810ET
Theory
Advanced Instrumentation Techniques
BP811ET
– Theory
Dietary Supplements and
BP812ET
Nutraceuticals – Theory
Pharmaceutical Product Development
BP813ET
– Theory
BP812PW Project Work 6 12 - 150 150 4 Hrs.
BP813T Human Resource Management 3 3 25 75 100 3 Hrs.

Page 13 of 214
Table-IX: Semester wise credits distribution
Semester Credit Points
I 27/29$/30#
II 29
III 27
IV 31
V 29
VI 33
VII 27
VIII 25
Extracurricular/ Co curricular activities 01*
Total credit points for the program 229/231$/232#
* The credit points assigned for extracurricular and or co-curricular activities shall be
given by the Principals of the colleges and the same shall be submitted to the University.
The criteria to acquire this credit point shall be defined by the colleges from time to time.
$
Applicable ONLY for the students studied Physics / Chemistry / Botany / Zoology at HSC
and appearing for Remedial Mathematics course.
#
Applicable ONLY for the students studied Mathematics / Physics / Chemistry at HSC and
appearing for Remedial Biology course.
Program Committee
1. The B. Pharm. program shall have a Program Committee constituted by the Head of the
institution in consultation with all the Heads of the departments.
2. The composition of the Program Committee shall be as follows:
A senior teacher shall be the Chairperson; One Teacher from each department
handling B. Pharm courses; and four student representatives of the program (one
from each academic year), nominated by the Head of the institution.
3. Duties of the Program Committee:
i. Periodically reviewing the progress of the classes.
ii. Discussing the problems concerning curriculum, syllabus and the conduct of classes.
iii. Discussing with the course teachers on the nature and scope of assessment for the course
and the same shall be announced to the students at the beginning of respective semesters.
iv. Communicating its recommendation to the Head of the institution on academic matters.
v. The Program Committee shall meet at least thrice in a semester preferably at the end of
each Sessional exam (Internal Assessment) and before the end semester exam.
Examinations/Assessments
The scheme for internal assessment and end semester examinations is given in Table – X.
End semester examinations
The End Semester Examinations for each theory and practical course through semesters I to
VIII shall be conducted by the university except for the subjects with asterix symbol (*) in
Page 14 of 214
table I and II for which examinations shall be conducted by the subject experts at college
level and the marks/grades shall be submitted to the university.

Page 15 of 214
Tables-X: Schemes for internal assessments and end semester examinations semester wise
Semester I
Course code Name of the course Internal Assessment End Semester Total Marks
Exams
Continuous Sessional Exams Total Marks Duration
Mode
Marks Duration
Human Anatomy and Physiology I –
BP101T 10 15 1 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100
Theory
BP102T Pharmaceutical Analysis I – Theory 10 15 1 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100
BP103T Pharmaceutics I – Theory 10 15 1 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100
Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry –
BP104T 10 15 1 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100
Theory
BP105T Communication skills –Theory * 5 10 1 Hr 15 35 1.5 Hrs 50
BP106RBT Remedial Biology/ Mathematics –
5 10 1 Hr 15 35 1.5 Hrs 50
BP106RMT Theory*
Human Anatomy and Physiology –
BP107P 5 10 4 Hrs 15 35 4 Hrs 50
Practical
BP108P Pharmaceutical Analysis I – Practical 5 10 4 Hrs 15 35 4 Hrs 50
BP109P Pharmaceutics I – Practical 5 10 4 Hrs 15 35 4 Hrs 50
Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry –
BP110P 5 10 4 Hrs 15 35 4 Hrs 50
Practical
BP111P Communication skills –Practical* 5 5 2 Hrs 10 15 2 Hrs 25
BP112RBP Remedial Biology –Practical* 5 5 2 Hrs 10 15 2 Hrs 25
115/125$/ 23/24$/26# 490/525$/ 31.5/33$/
Total 70/75$/80# 185/200$/210# 675/725$/750#
130# Hrs 540# 35# Hrs
Page 16 of 214
#Applicable ONLY for the students studied Mathematics / Physics / Chemistry at HSC and appearing for Remedial Biology (RB)course.
$Applicable ONLY for the students studied Physics / Chemistry / Botany / Zoology at HSC and appearing for Remedial Mathematics
(RM)course.
Non University Examination (NUE)
Semester II
Internal Assessment End Semester Exams
Course Total
Name of the course Continuous Sessional Exams
code Total Marks Duration Marks
Mode Marks Duration
BP201T Human Anatomy and Physiology II – Theory 10 15 1 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100

BP202T Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry I – Theory 10 15 1 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100

BP203T Biochemistry – Theory 10 15 1 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100

BP204T Pathophysiology – Theory 10 15 1 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100
BP205T Computer Applications in Pharmacy – Theory* 10 15 1 Hr 25 50 2 Hrs 75

BP206T Environmental sciences – Theory* 10 15 1 Hr 25 50 2 Hrs 75

BP207P Human Anatomy and Physiology II –Practical 5 10 4 Hrs 15 35 4 Hrs 50

BP208P Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry I– Practical 5 10 4 Hrs 15 35 4 Hrs 50

BP209P Biochemistry – Practical 5 10 4 Hrs 15 35 4 Hrs 50

BP210P Computer Applications in Pharmacy – 5 5 2 Hrs 10 15 2 Hrs 25
Practical*
Total 80 125 20 Hrs 205 520 30 Hrs 725

Page 17 of 214
Semester III
Course Internal Assessment End Semester Exams Total
Name of the course Continuou Sessional Exams
code Total Marks Duration Marks
s Mode Marks Duration
Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry II –
BP301T 10 15 1 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100
Theory
BP302T Physical Pharmaceutics I –Theory 10 15 1 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100
BP303T Pharmaceutical Microbiology – Theory 10 15 1 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100

BP304T Pharmaceutical Engineering – Theory 10 15 1 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100

Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry II –

BP305P 5 10 4 Hr 15 35 4 Hrs 50
Practical
BP306P Physical Pharmaceutics I – Practical 5 10 4 Hr 15 35 4 Hrs 50

BP307P Pharmaceutical Microbiology – Practical 5 10 4 Hr 15 35 4 Hrs 50

BP308P Pharmaceutical Engineering – Practical 5 10 4 Hr 15 35 4 Hrs 50

Management Process and Organizational

BP309T 10 15 1 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100
Behavior
Total 70 115 21 185 515 31 Hrs 700

Page 18 of 214
Semester IV
Internal Assessment End Semester Exams
Course Total
Name of the course Continuous Sessional Exams
code Total Marks Duration Marks
Mode Marks Duration
Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry III–
BP401T 10 15 1 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100
Theory
BP402T Medicinal Chemistry I – Theory 10 15 1 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100
BP403T Physical Pharmaceutics II – Theory 10 15 1 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100
BP404T Pharmacology I – Theory 10 15 1 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100
BP405T Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry I – 10 15 1 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100
Theory
BP406P Medicinal Chemistry I – Practical 5 10 4 Hr 15 35 4 Hrs 50
BP407P Physical Pharmaceutics II – Practical 5 10 4 Hrs 15 35 4 Hrs 50
BP408P Pharmacology I – Practical 5 10 4 Hrs 15 35 4 Hrs 50
BP409P Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry I – 5 10 4 Hrs 15 35 4 Hrs 50
Practical
BP410T Micro and Macro Economics 10 15 1 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100
Total 80 130 22 Hrs 210 590 34 Hrs 800

Page 19 of 214
Semester V
Course Internal Assessment End Semester Exams Total
Name of the course Continuous Sessional Exams
code Total Marks Duration Marks
Mode Marks Duration
BP501T Medicinal Chemistry II – Theory 10 15 1 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100
BP502T Industrial Pharmacy I– Theory 10 15 1 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100
BP503T Pharmacology II – Theory 10 15 1 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100
BP504T Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry II – 10 15 1 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100
Theory
BP505T Pharmaceutical Jurisprudence – Theory 10 15 1 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100

BP506P Industrial Pharmacy I– Practical 5 10 4 Hr 15 35 4 Hrs 50

BP507P Pharmacology II – Practical 5 10 4 Hr 15 35 4 Hrs 50
BP508P Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry II – 5 10 4 Hr 15 35 4 Hrs 50
Practical
BP509T Pharmaceutical Marketing and drug store 10 15 1 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100
management
Total 75 120 18 Hr 195 555 30 Hrs 750

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Semester VI
Internal Assessment End Semester Exams
Course Total
Name of the course Continuous Sessional Exams
code Total Marks Duration Marks
Mode Marks Duration
BP601T Medicinal Chemistry III – Theory 10 15 1 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100
BP602T Pharmacology III – Theory 10 15 1 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100
BP603T Herbal Drug Technology – Theory 10 15 1 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100
BP604T Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics – 10 15 1 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100
Theory
BP605T Pharmaceutical Biotechnology– Theory 10 15 1 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100
BP606T Quality Assurance– Theory 10 15 1 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100
BP607P Medicinal chemistry III – Practical 5 10 4 Hrs 15 35 4 Hrs 50
BP608P Pharmacology III – Practical 5 10 4 Hrs 15 35 4 Hrs 50
BP609P Herbal Drug Technology – Practical 5 10 4 Hrs 15 35 4 Hrs 50
BP610T Financial Management 10 15 1 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100
Total 85 135 19 Hrs 220 630 33 Hrs 850

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Semester VII
Internal Assessment End Semester Exams
Course Total
Name of the course
code Continuous Sessional Exams Marks
Total Marks Duration
Mode Marks Duration
BP701T Instrumental Methods of Analysis – Theory 10 15 1 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100

BP702T Industrial Pharmacy II– Theory 10 15 1 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100

BP703T Pharmacy Practice – Theory 10 15 1 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100
BP704T Novel Drug Delivery System –Theory 10 15 1 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100
Instrumental Methods of Analysis –
BP705P 5 10 4 Hrs 15 35 4 Hrs 50
Practical
BP706PS Practice School* 25 - - 25 125 5 Hrs 150
BP707T Material and Operation Management 10 15 1 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100

Total 80 85 9 Hrs 165 535 24 Hrs 700

The subject experts at college level shall conduct examinations

Page 22 of 214
Semester VIII
Course Internal Assessment End Semester Exams Total
Name of the course Continuous Sessional Exams
code Total Marks Duration Marks
Mode Marks Duration
Biostatistics and Research Methodology –
BP801T 10 15 1 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100
Theory

BP802T Social and Preventive Pharmacy – Theory 10 15 1 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100

BP803ET Pharmaceutical Marketing –Theory

BP804ET Pharmaceutical RegulatoryScience – Theory

BP805ET Pharmacovigilance – Theory

Quality Control and Standardization of
BP806ET
Herbals – Theory

100 + 100 = 200

75 + 75 = 150
1 + 1 = 2 Hrs

3 + 3 = 6 Hrs
10 + 10 = 20

15 + 15 = 30

25 + 25 = 50
BP807ET Computer Aided Drug Design – Theory

BP808ET Cell and Molecular Biology – Theory

BP809ET Cosmetic Science – Theory
BP810ET Pharmacological Screening Methods

BP811ET Advanced Instrumentation Techniques –

Theory
BP812ET Dietary Supplements and Nutraceuticals

BP 813ET Pharmaceutical Product Development

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BP812PW Project Work - - - - 150 4 Hrs 150
BP813T Human Resource Management 10 15 1 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100

Total 50 75 5 Hrs 125 525 19 Hrs 650

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Internal assessment: Continuous mode
The marks allocated for Continuous mode of Internal Assessment shall be awarded as per the
scheme given below.
Table-XI: Scheme for awarding internal assessment: Continuous mode
Theory
Criteria Maximum
Marks
Attendance (Refer Table – XII) 4 2
Academic activities (Average of any 3 activities e.g. quiz, assignment, 3 1.5
open book test, field work, group discussion and seminar)
Student – Teacher interaction 3 1.5
Total 10 5
Practical
Attendance (Refer Table – XII) 2
Based on Practical Records, Regular viva voce, etc. 3
Total 5

Table- XII: Guidelines for the allotment of marks for attendance

Percentage of Attendance Theory Practical
95 – 100 4 2
90 – 94 3 1.5
85 – 89 2 1
80 – 84 1 0.5
Less than 80 0 0

Sessional Exams
Two Sessional exams shall be conducted for each theory / practical course as per the schedule
fixed by the college(s). The scheme of question paper for theory and practical Sessional
examinations is given below. The average marks of two Sessional exams shall be computed for
internal assessment as per the requirements given in tables – X.
Sessional exam shall be conducted for 30 marks for theory and shall be computed for 15 marks.
Similarly Sessional exam for practical shall be conducted for 40 marks and shall be computed for
10 marks.
Question paper pattern for theory Sessional examinations
For subjects having University examination
I. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) = 10 × 1 = 10
OR OR
Objective Type Questions (5 x 2) (Answer all the = 05 x 2 = 10
questions)
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II. Long Answers (Answer 1 out of 2) = 1 x 10 = 10
III. Short Answers (Answer 2 out of 3) = 2 x 5 = 10
Total = 30 marks

For subjects having Non University Examination

I. Long Answers (Answer 1 out of 2) = 1 x 10 = 10
II. Short Answers (Answer 4 out of 6) = 4 x 5 = 20
Total = 30 marks

Question paper pattern for practical sessional examinations

I. Synopsis 10
II. Experiments 25
III. Viva voce 05
Total 40 marks

Promotion and award of grades

A student shall be declared PASSand eligible for getting gradein a course of
[Link] if he/she secures at least 50% marks in that particular course including internal
[Link] example, to be declared as PASS and to get grade, the student has to secure a
minimum of 50 marks for the total of 100 including continuous mode of assessment and
end semester theory examination and has to secure a minimum of 25 marks for the total 50
including internal assessment and end semester practical examination.
Carry forward of marks
In case a studentfails to secure the minimum 50% in any Theory or Practical course as specified
in 12,then he/she shall reappear for the end semester examinationof that course. However his/her
marks of the Internal Assessment shall be carried overand he/she shall be entitled for grade
obtained by him/her on passing.
Improvement of internal assessment
A studentshall have the opportunity to improvehis/her performance only oncein the Sessional
exam component of the internal assessment. The re-conduct of the Sessional exam shall be
completed before the commencement of next end semester theory examinations.
Re-examination of end semester examinations
Reexamination ofend semester examination shall be conducted as per the schedule given in table
XIII. The exact dates of examinations shall be notified from time to t

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Table-XIII: Tentative schedule of end semester examinations
Semester For Regular Candidates For Failed Candidates

I, III, V and VII November / December May / June

II, IV, VI and VIII May / June November / December

Question paper pattern for end semester theory examinations

For 75 marks paper
I. Multiple Choice Questions(MCQs) = 20 × 1 = 20
OR OR
Objective Type Questions (10 x 2) (Answer all the questions) = 10 × 2
II. Long Answers (Answer 2 out of 3) = 2 × 10 = 20
III. Short Answers (Answer 7 out of 9) = 7 × 5 = 35
Total = 75 Marks

For 50 marks paper

I. Long Answers (Answer 2 out of 3) = 2 × 10 = 20
II. Short Answers (Answer 6 out of 8) = 6 × 5 = 30
Total = 50 marks

For 35 marks paper

I. Long Answers (Answer 1 out of 2) = 1 x 10 =10
II. Short Answers (Answer 5 out of 7) = 5 x 5 = 25
Total = 35 marks

Question paper pattern for end semester practical examinations

I. Synopsis = 5
II. Experiments = 25
III. Viva voce = 5
Total = 35

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Academic Progression:
No student shall be admitted to any examination unless he/she fulfills the norms given in 6. Academic
progression rules are applicable as follows:
A student shall be eligible to carry forward all the courses of I, II and III semesters till the IV semester
examinations. However, he/she shall not be eligible to attend the courses of V semester until all the
courses of I and II semesters are successfully completed.
A student shall be eligible to carry forward all the courses of III, IV and V semesters till the VI
semester examinations. However, he/she shall not be eligible to attend the courses of VII semester
until all the courses of I, II, III and IV semesters are successfully completed.
A student shall be eligible to carry forward all the courses of V, VI and VII semesters till the VIII
semester examinations. However, he/she shall not be eligible to get the course completion
certificate until all the courses of I, II, III, IV, V and VI semesters are successfully completed.
A student shall be eligible to get his/her CGPA upon successful completion of the courses of I to VIII
semesters within the stipulated time period as per the norms specified in 26.
A lateral entry student shall be eligible to carry forward all the courses of III, IV and V semesters
till the VI semester examinations. However, he/she shall not be eligible to attend the courses
of VII semester until all the courses of III and IV semesters are successfully completed.
A lateral entry student shall be eligible to carry forward all the courses of V, VI and VII semesters
till the VIII semester examinations. However, he/she shall not be eligible to get the course completion
certificate until all the courses of III, IV, V and VI semesters are successfully completed.
A lateral entry student shall be eligible to get his/her CGPA upon successful completion of the
courses of III to VIII semesters within the stipulated time period as per the norms specified in 26.
Any student who hasgiven more than 4 chances for successful completion of I / III semester
courses and more than 3 chances for successful completion of II / IV semester courses shall be
permitted to attend V / VII semester classes ONLY during the subsequent academic year as the
case may be. In simpler terms there shall NOT be any ODD BATCH for any semester.
Note: Grade AB should be considered as failed and treated as one head for deciding academic
progression. Such rules are also applicable for those students who fail to register for examination(s)
of any course in any semester.
Grading of performances
Letter grades and grade points allocations:
Based on the performances, each student shall be awarded a final letter grade at the end of the
semester for each [Link] letter grades and their corresponding grade points are given in Table –
XII.

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Table – XII: Letter grades and grade points equivalent to Percentage of marks
and performances
Percentage of Marks
Letter Grade Grade Point Performance
Obtained
90.00 – 100 O 10 Outstanding
80.00 – 89.99 A 9 Excellent
70.00 – 79.99 B 8 Good
60.00 – 69.99 C 7 Fair
50.00 – 59.99 D 6 Average
Less than 50 F 0 Fail
Absent AB 0 Fail

A learner who remains absent for any end semester examination shall be assigned a letter grade of
AB and a corresponding grade point of zero. He/she should reappear for the said
evaluation/examination in due course.
The Semester grade point average (SGPA)
The performance of a student in a semester is indicated by a number called ‘Semester Grade
Point Average’ (SGPA). The SGPA is the weighted average of the grade points obtainedin all the
courses by the student during the semester. For example, if a student takes five
courses(Theory/Practical) in a semester with credits C1, C2, C3, C4 and C5 and the student’s
grade pointsin these courses are G1, G2, G3, G4 and G5, respectively, and then students’ SGPA is
equal to:
C1G1 + C2G2 + C3G3 + C4G4 + C5G5
GPA =
+ + + +
The SGPA is calculated to two decimal [Link] should be noted that, the SGPA for any semester
shall take into consideration the F and ABSgrade awarded in that semester. For example if a learner
has a F or ABS grade in course 4, theSGPA shall then be computed as:
C1G1 + C2G2 + C3G3 + C ∗ Zero + C5G5
SGPA =
+ + + +
Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA)
The CGPA is calculated with the SGPA of all the VIII semesters to two decimal points and is
indicated in final grade report card/final transcript showing the grades of all VIII semesters and
their courses. The CGPA shall reflect the failed status in case of F grade(s),till the course(s) is/are
passed. When the course(s)is/are passed by obtaining a pass grade on subsequent examination(s)
the CGPA shall only reflect the new grade and not the fail grades earned earlier. The CGPA is
calculated as:

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C1S1 + C2S2 + C3S3 + C4S4 + C5S5 + C6S6 + C7S7 + C8S8
=
+ + + + + !+ "+ #
where C1, C2, C3,…. is the total number of credits for semester I, II, III,…. and S1, S2, S3,….is the SGPA
of semester I, II, III…
Declaration of class
The class shall be awarded on the basis of CGPA as follows:
First Class with Distinction = CGPA of. 7.50 and above
First Class = CGPA of 6.00 to 7.49
Second Class = CGPA of 5.00 to 5.99
Project work
All the students shall undertake a project under the supervision of a teacher and submit a report.
The area of the project shall directly relate any one of the elective subject opted by the student in
semester VIII. The project shall be carried out in group not exceeding 5 in number. The project
report shall be submitted in triplicate (typed & bound copy not less than 25 pages).
The internal and external examiner appointed by the University shall evaluate the project at the time
of the Practical examinations of other semester(s). Students shall be evaluated in groups for four
hours (i.e., about half an hour for a group of five students). The projects shall be evaluated as
per the criteria given below.

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Evaluation of Dissertation Book:
Objective(s) of the work done 15 Marks
Methodology adopted 20 Marks
Results and Discussions 20 Marks
Conclusions and Outcomes 20 Marks
Total 75 Marks

Evaluation of Presentation:
Presentation of work 25 Marks
Communication skills 20 Marks
Question and answer skills 30 Marks
Total 75 Marks
Explanation: The 75 marks assigned to the dissertation book shall be same for all the
students in a group. However, the 75 marks assigned for presentation shall be awarded
based on the performance of individual students in the given criteria.
Industrial training (Desirable)
Every candidate shall be required to work for at least 150 hours spread over four weeks in a
Pharmaceutical Industry/Hospital. It includes Production unit, Quality Control department,
Quality Assurance department, Analytical laboratory, Chemical manufacturing unit,
Pharmaceutical R&D, Hospital (Clinical Pharmacy), Clinical Research Organization,
Community Pharmacy, etc. After the Semester – VI and before the commencement of
Semester – VII, and shall submit satisfactory report of such work and certificate duly signed
by the authority of training organization to the head of the institute.
Practice School
In the VII semester, every candidate shall undergo practice school for a period of 150
hours evenly distributed throughout the semester. The student shall opt any one of the
domains for practice school declared by the program committee from time to time.
At the end of the practice school, every student shall submit a printed report (in triplicate) on
the practice school he/she attended (not more than 25 pages). Along with the exams of
semester VII, the report submitted by the student, knowledge and skills acquired by the
student through practice school shall be evaluated by the subject experts at college leveland
grade point shall be awarded.
Award of Ranks
Ranks and Medals shall be awarded on the basis of final CGPA. However, candidates
who fail in one or more courses during the [Link] program shall not be eligible for
award of [Link], the candidates should have completed the B. Pharm program in
minimum prescribed number of years, (four years) for the award of Ranks.
Award of degree
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Candidates who fulfill the requirements mentioned above shall be eligible for award of
degree during the ensuing convocation.
Duration for completion of the program of study
The duration for the completion of the program shall be fixed as double the actual
duration of the program and the students have to pass within the said period, otherwise
they have to get fresh Registration.
Re-admission after break of study
Candidate who seeks re-admission to the program after break of study has to get the
approval from the university by paying a condonation fee.
No condonation is allowed for the candidate who has more than 2 years of break up
period and he/she has to rejoin the program by paying the required fees.

Page 32 of 214
CHAPTER - II: SYLLABUS

Page 33 of 214
SEMESTER I

Page 34 of 214
[Link] SEMESTER – I
HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY-I
Subject code: BP101T
Theory (3 Hours / Week; 4 Credits, 45 Hours)
Teaching Scheme Evaluation Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Total Theory Practical
External Internal External Internal
3 1 4 8 75 25 35 15

Scope: This subject is designed to impart fundamental knowledge on the structure and functions of
the various systems of the human body. It also helps in understanding both homeostatic mechanisms.
The subject provides the basic knowledge required to understand the various disciplines of pharmacy.

Objectives: Upon completion of this course the student should be able to

 Explain the gross morphology, structure and functions of various organs of the human body.
 Describe the various homeostatic mechanisms and their imbalances.
 Identify the various tissues and organs of different systems of human body.
 Perform the various experiments related to special senses and nervous system.
 Appreciate coordinated working pattern of different organs of each system

Couse outcome: Study of anatomy and physiology as

CO1: A gateway to careers in health related fields, athletics training etc., as a foundation to
advanced scientific studies, for understanding pathology of disease and pathological
changes
CO2: To provide base for proper understanding of effects of drug on body and factors affecting
various physiological processes and its effects.

Course Content:
Unit 1 10 Hours
 Introduction to human body
Definition and scope of anatomy and physiology, levels of structural organization and body
systems, basic life processes, homeostasis, basic anatomical terminology.
 Cellular level of organization
Structure and functions of cell, transport across cell membrane, cell division, cell junctions.

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General principles of cell communication, intracellular signaling pathway activation by
extracellular signal molecule, Forms of intracellular signaling: a) Contact-dependent b) Paracrine
c) Synaptic d) Endocrine
 Tissue level of organization
Classification of tissues, structure, location and functions of epithelial, muscular and nervous
and connective tissues.
Unit 2 10 Hours
 Integumentary system
Structure and functions of skin
 Skeletal system
Divisions of skeletal system, types of bone, salient features and functions of bones of axial and
appendicular skeletal system, Organization of skeletal muscle, physiology of muscle contraction,
neuromuscular junction
Joints
Structural and functional classification, types of joints movements and its articulation
Unit 3 10 hours
 Body fluids and blood
Body fluids, composition and functions of blood, hemopoeisis, formation of hemoglobin, anemia,
mechanisms of coagulation, blood grouping, Rh factors, transfusion, its significance and
disorders of blood, Reticulo endothelial system.
 Lymphatic system
Lymphatic organs and tissues, lymphatic vessels, lymph circulation and functions of lymphatic
system
Unit 4 08 hours
 Peripheral nervous system:
Classification of peripheral nervous system: Structure and functions of sympathetic and
parasympathetic nervous system. Origin and functions of spinal and cranial nerves.
Special senses
Structure and functions of eye, ear, nose and tongue and their disorders.
Unit 5 07 hours
 Cardiovascular system
Heart – anatomy of heart, blood circulation, blood vessels, structure and functions of artery, vein
and capillaries, elements of conduction system of heart and heart beat, its regulation by autonomic
nervous system, cardiac output, cardiac cycle. Regulation of blood pressure, pulse,
electrocardiogram and disorders of heart.

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BP107P. HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY (Practical)
Practical (4 Hours/week)
Practical physiology is complimentary to the theoretical discussions in physiology. Practicals allow
the verification of physiological processes discussed in theory classes through experiments on
living tissue, intact animals or normal human beings. This is helpful for developing an insight on the
subject.
Study of compound microscope.
Microscopic study of epithelial and connective tissue
Microscopic study of muscular and nervous tissue
Identification of axial bones
Identification of appendicular bones
Introduction to hemocytometry.
Enumeration of white blood cell (WBC) count
Enumeration of total red blood corpuscles (RBC) count
Determination of bleeding time
Determination of clotting time
Estimation of hemoglobin content
Determination of blood group.
Determination of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR).
Determination of heart rate and pulse rate.
Recording of blood pressure.
Recommended Books (Latest Editions)
Essentials of Medical Physiology by K. Sembulingam and P. Sembulingam. Jaypee brothers
medical publishers, New Delhi.
Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness by Kathleen J.W. Wilson, Churchill Livingstone,
New York
Physiological basis of Medical Practice-Best and Tailor. Williams & Wilkins Co,Riverview, MI USA
Text book of Medical Physiology- Arthur C,Guyton andJohn.E. Hall. Miamisburg, OH, U.S.A.
Principles of Anatomy and Physiology by Tortora Grabowski. Palmetto, GA, U.S.A.
Textbook of Human Histology by Inderbir Singh, Jaypee brother’s medical publis
hers, New Delhi.
Textbook of Practical Physiology by C.L. Ghai, Jaypee brother’s medical publishers, New Delhi.
Practical workbook of Human Physiology by K. Srinageswari and Rajeev Sharma, Jaypee brother’s
medical publishers, New Delhi.
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Reference Books (Latest Editions)
Physiological basis of Medical Practice-Best and Tailor. Williams & Wilkins Co, Riverview, MI
USA
Text book of Medical Physiology- Arthur C, Guyton and John. E. Hall. Miamisburg, OH, U.S.A.
Human Physiology (vol 1 and 2) by Dr. C.C. Chatterrje ,Academic Publishers Kolkata

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[Link] SEMESTER – I
PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS I
Subject code: BP102T
Theory (3 Hours / Week; 4 Credits, 45 Hours)
Teaching Scheme Evaluation Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Total Theory Practical
External Internal External Internal
3 1 4 8 75 25 35 15

Scope: This course deals with the fundamentals of analytical chemistry and principles of
electrochemical analysis of drugs

Objectives: Upon completion of the course student shall be able to

 Understand the principles of volumetric and electro chemical analysis
 Carryout various volumetric and electrochemical titrations
 Develop analytical skills

Course outcome: The students get aware about:

CO1: To demonstrate an understanding of the theory and applications of the most common basic
methods of pharmaceutical analysis.
CO2: Learn the practical aspects of various titration techniques with calibration of glasswares and
checking precision and lower limit of quantitaiton of titrimetric methods.

Course Content:
Unit 1 10 Hours
a) Pharmaceutical analysis- Definition and scope
1) Different techniques of analysis
2) Methods of expressing concentration
3) Primary and secondary standards.
4) Preparation and standardization of various molar and normal solutions- Oxalic acid,
sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, sodium thiosulphate, sulphuric acid, potassium
permanganate and ceric ammonium sulphate
b) Errors: Sources of errors, types of errors, methods of minimizing errors, accuracy, precision
and significant figures
c) Pharmacopoeia, Sources of impurities in medicinal agents,limit tests.
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Unit 2 10 Hours
 Acid base titration:
Theories of acid base indicators, classification of acid base titrations and theory involved in
titrations of strong, weak, and very weak acids and bases, neutralization curves
 Non aqueous titration:
Solvents, acidimetry and alkalimetry titration and estimation of Sodium benzoate and Ephedrine
HCl
Unit 3 10 Hours
 Precipitation titrations: Mohr’s method, Volhard’s, Modified Volhard’s, Fajans method,
estimation of sodium chloride.
 Complexometric titration: Classification, metal ion indicators, masking and demasking
reagents, estimation of Magnesium sulphate, and calcium gluconate.
 Gravimetry: Principle and steps involved in gravimetric analysis. Purity of the precipitate:
co-precipitation and post precipitation, Estimation of barium sulphate.
 Basic Principles,methods and application of diazotisation titration.
Unit 4 08 Hours
Redox titrations
a) Concepts of oxidation and reduction
b) Types of redox titrations (Principles and applications) Cerimetry, Iodimetry, Iodometry,
Bromatometry, Dichrometry, Titration with potassium iodate
Unit 5 07 Hours
Electrochemical methods of analysis
 Conductometry- Introduction, Conductivity cell, Conductometric titrations, applications.
 Potentiometry - Electrochemical cell, construction and working of reference (Standard
hydrogen, silver chloride electrode and calomel electrode) and indicator electrodes (metal
electrodes and glass electrode), methods to determine end point of potentiometric titration and
applications.
 Polarography - Principle, Ilkovic equation, construction and working of dropping mercury
electrode and rotating platinum electrode, applications

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BP108P. PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS (Practical)
4 Hours / Week
I. Limit Test of the following
(1) Chloride
(2) Sulphate
(3) Iron
(4) Arsenic
II. Preparation and standardization of
1) Sodium hydroxide
2) Sulphuric acid
3) Sodium thiosulfate
4) Potassium permanganate
5) Ceric ammonium sulphate
III. Assay of the following compounds along with Standardization of Titrant
1) Ammonium chloride by acid base titration
2) Ferrous sulphate by Cerimetry
3) Copper sulphate by Iodometry
4) Calcium gluconate by complexometry
5) Hydrogen peroxide by Permanganometry
6) Sodium benzoate by non-aqueous titration
7) Sodium Chloride by precipitation titratio
IV. Determination of Normality by electro-analytical methods
1) Conductometric titration of strong acid against strong base
2) Conductometric titration of strong acid and weak acid against strong base
3) Potentiometric titration of strong acid against strong base
Recommended Books: (Latest Editions)
 A.H. Beckett & J.B. Stenlake's, Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry Vol I & II, Stahlone
Press of University of London
 A.I. Vogel, Text Book of Quantitative Inorganic analysis
 P. Gundu Rao, Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry
 Bentley and Driver's Textbook of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
 John H. Kennedy, Analytical chemistry principles

Page 41 of 214
 Indian Pharmacopoeia.

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[Link] SEMESTER – I
PHARMACEUTICS- I
Subject code: BP103T
Theory (3 Hours / Week; 4 Credits, 45 Hours)
Teaching Scheme Evaluation Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Total Theory Practical
External Internal External Internal
3 1 4 8 75 25 35 15

Scope: This course is designed to impart a fundamental knowledge on the preparatory pharmacy with
arts and science of preparing the different conventional dosage forms.

Objectives: Upon completion of this course the student should be able to:
 Know the history of profession of pharmacy
 Understand the basics of different dosage forms, pharmaceutical incompatibilities and
pharmaceutical calculations
 Understand the professional way of handling the prescription
 Preparation of various conventional dosage forms

Course outcome: By the end of this course, the student should have:
CO1: A good understanding of the basic concepts of derive properties and measurements powders,
rheological properties of liquids and mixing of materials in various field of pharmacy.
CO2: Students should be able to know the methods of preparation of different buffer solution and
Complexation of polymer and drug material.

Course Content:
Unit 1 10 Hours
 Historical background and development of profession of pharmacy: History of profession of
Pharmacy in India in relation to pharmacy education, industry and organization, Pharmacy as a
career, Pharmacopoeias: Introduction to IP, BP, USP and Extra Pharmacopoeia.
 Dosage forms: Introduction to dosage forms, classification and definitions
 Prescription: Definition, Parts of prescription, handling of Prescription and Errors in
prescription.
 Posology: Definition, Factors affecting posology. Pediatric dose calculations based on age,
body weight and body surface area.
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Unit 2 10 Hours
 Pharmaceutical calculations: Weights and measures – Imperial & Metric system,
Calculations involving percentage solutions, alligation, proof spirit and isotonic solutions
based on freezing point and molecular weight.
 Powders: Definition, classification, advantages and disadvantages,Simple & compound
powders – official preparations, dusting powders, effervescent, efflorescent and hygroscopic
powders, eutectic mixtures. Geometric dilutions.
 Liquid dosage forms: Advantages and disadvantages of liquid dosage forms. Excipients used in
formulation of liquid dosage forms. Solubility enhancement techniques.
Unit 3 08 Hours
 Monophasic liquids: Definitions and preparations of Gargles, Mouthwashes, Throat Paint,
Eardrops, Nasal drops, Enemas, Syrups, Elixirs, Liniments and Lotions.
 Biphasic liquids:
 Suspensions: Definition, advantages and disadvantages, classifications, Preparation of
suspensions; Flocculated and Deflocculated suspension & stability problems and methods to
overcome.
 Emulsions: Definition, classification, emulsifying agent, test for the identification of type
ofEmulsion, Methods of preparation & stability problems and methods to overcome.
Unit 4 08 Hours
 Suppositories: Definition, types, advantages and disadvantages, types of bases, methods of
preparations. Displacement value & its calculations, evaluation of suppositories.
 Pharmaceutical incompatibilities: Definition, classification, physical, chemical and therapeutic
incompatibilities with examples.
Unit 5 07 Hours
 Semisolid dosage forms: Definitions, classification, mechanisms and factors influencing dermal
penetration of drugs. Preparation of ointments, pastes, creams and gels. Excipients used in semi
solid dosage forms. Evaluation of semi solid dosages forms

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BP109P. PHARMACEUTICS I (Practical)
3 Hours / week
Syrups
a) Syrup IP’66
b) Compound syrup of Ferrous Phosphate BPC’68
Elixirs
a) Piperazine citrate elixir
b) Paracetamol pediatric elixir
Linctus
a) Terpin Hydrate Linctus IP’66
a) Iodine Throat Paint (Mandles Paint)
Solutions
a) Strong solution of ammonium acetate
b) Cresol with soap solution
c) Lugol’s solution
Suspensions
a) Calamine lotion
b) Magnesium Hydroxide mixture
c) Aluminimum Hydroxide gel
Emulsions
a) Turpentine Liniment
b) Liquid paraffin emulsion
Powders and Granules
a) ORS powder (WHO)
b) Effervescent granules c)Dusting powder
c) d)Divded powders
Suppositories
a) Glycero gelatin suppository
b) Coca butter suppository
c) Zinc Oxide suppository
Semisolids
a) Sulphur ointment

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b) Non staining-iodine ointment with methyl salicylate
c) Carbopal gel
Gargles and Mouthwashes
a) Iodine gargle
b) Chlorhexidine mouth wash
Recommended Books: (Latest Editions)
1) H.C. Ansel et al., Pharmaceutical Dosage Form and Drug Delivery System, Lippincott
Williams and Walkins, New Delhi.
2) Carter S.J., Cooper and Gunn’s-Dispensing for Pharmaceutical Students, CBS publishers,
3) New Delhi.
4) M.E. Aulton, Pharmaceutics, The Science& Dosage Form Design, Churchill Livingstone,
Edinburgh.
5) Indian pharmacopoeia.
6) British pharmacopoeia.
7) Lachmann. Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy,Lea& Febiger Publisher, The
University of Michigan.
8) Alfonso R. Gennaro Remington. The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, Lippincott
9) Williams, New Delhi.
10) Carter S.J., Cooper and Gunn’s. Tutorial Pharmacy, CBS Publications, New Delhi.
11) E.A. Rawlins, Bentley’s Text Book of Pharmaceutics, English Language Book Society,
Elsevier Health Sciences, USA.
12) Isaac Ghebre Sellassie: Pharmaceutical Pelletization Technology, Marcel Dekker, INC, New
York.
13) Dilip M. Parikh: Handbook of Pharmaceutical Granulation Technology, Marcel Dekker,
INC, New York.
14) Francoise Nieloud and Gilberte Marti-Mestres: Pharmaceutical Emulsions and Suspensions,
Marcel Dekker, INC, New York.

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[Link] SEMESTER – I
PHARMACEUTICAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Subject code: BP104T
Theory (3 Hours / Week; 4 Credits, 45 Hours)
Teaching Scheme Evaluation Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Total Theory Practical
External Internal External Internal
3 1 4 8 75 25 35 15

Scope: This subject deals with the monographs of inorganic drugs and pharmaceuticals.

Objectives: Upon completion of course student shall be able to

 know the sources of impurities and methods to determine the impurities in inorganic drugs and
pharmaceuticals
 understand the medicinal and pharmaceutical importance of inorganic compounds

Course outcomes: The curriculum of the Department is designed to:

CO1: Satisfy the diverse needs of these students.
CO2: Advanced coursework and educational activities outside the traditional classroom.
CO3: At graduation, chemistry majors should have a set of fundamental competencies that are
knowledge-based, performance/skills-based, and affective. Graduates will be able to solve
problems competently by identifying the essential parts of a problem and formulating a
strategy for solving the problem.
CO4: They will be able to rationally estimate the solution to a problem, apply appropriate
techniques to arrive at a solution, test the correctness of the solution, and interpret their
results.

Course Content:
Unit 1 10 Hours
 Impurities in pharmaceutical substances: History of Pharmacopoeia, Sources and types of
impurities, principle involved in the limit test for Chloride, Sulphate, Iron, Arsenic, Lead and
Heavy metals, modified limit test for Chloride and Sulphate
 General methods of preparation, assay for the compounds superscripted with asterisk (*),
properties and medicinal uses of inorganic compounds belonging to the following classes
Unit 2 10 Hours

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 Acids, Bases and Buffers: Buffer equations and buffer capacity in general, buffers in
pharmaceutical systems, preparation, stability, buffered isotonic solutions, measurements of
tonicity, calculations and methods of adjusting isotonicity.
 Major extra and intracellular electrolytes: Functions of major physiological ions, Electrolytes
used in the replacement therapy: Sodium chloride*, Potassium chloride, Calcium gluconate* and
Oral Rehydration Salt (ORS), Physiological acid base balance.
 Dental products: Dentifrices, role of fluoride in the treatment of dental caries, Desensitizing
agents, Calcium carbonate, Sodium fluoride, and Zinc eugenol cement.
Unit 3 10 Hours
 Gastrointestinal agents
 Acidifiers: Ammonium chloride* and Dil. HCl
 Antacid: Ideal properties of antacids, combinations of antacids, Sodium Bicarbonate*,
Aluminum hydroxide gel, Magnesium hydroxide mixture
 Cathartics: Magnesium sulphate, Sodium orthophosphate, Kaolin and Bentonite
 Antimicrobials: Mechanism, classification, Potassium permanganate, Boric acid, Hydrogen
peroxide*, Chlorinated lime*, Iodine and its preparations
Unit 4 08 Hours
 Miscellaneous compounds
 Expectorants: Potassium iodide, Ammonium chloride*.
 Emetics: Copper sulphate*, Sodium potassium tartarate
 Haematinics: Ferrous sulphate*, Ferrous gluconate
 Poison and Antidote: Sodium thiosulphate*, Activated charcoal, Sodium nitrite333
 Astringents: Zinc Sulphate, Potash Alum
Unit 5 07 Hours
 Radiopharmaceuticals: Radio activity, Measurement of radioactivity, Properties of α, β, γ
radiations, Half life, radio isotopes and study of radio isotopes - Sodium iodide I131,
Storage conditions, precautions & pharmaceutical application of radioactive substances.

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BP110P. PHARMACEUTICAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY (Practical)
4 Hours / Week
I. Limit tests for following ions
 Limit test for Chlorides and Sulphates Modified limit test for Chlorides and Sulphates Limit test
for Iron
 Limit test for Heavy metals
 Limit test for Lead Limit test for Arsenic
II. Identification test Magnesium hydroxide Ferrous sulphate Sodium bicarbonate Calcium
gluconate Copper sulphate
III. Test for purity
 Swelling power of Bentonite
 Neutralizing capacity of aluminum hydroxide gel
 Determination of potassium iodate and iodine in potassium Iodide
 IV Preparation of inorganic pharmaceuticals
 Boric acid
 Potash alum Ferrous sulphate
Recommended Books (Latest Editions)
1. A.H. Beckett & J.B. Stenlake's, Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry Vol I & II, Stahlone
Press of University of London, 4th edition.
2. A.I. Vogel, Text Book of Quantitative Inorganic analysis
3. P. Gundu Rao, Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 3rd Edition
4. M.L Schroff, Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry
5. Bentley and Driver's Textbook of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
6. Anand & Chatwal, Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry
7. IndianPharmacopoeia

Page 49 of 214
[Link] SEMESTER – I
COMMUNICATION SKILLS
Subject code: BP105T
Theory (2 Hours / Week; 2 Credits, 30 Hours)
Teaching Scheme Evaluation Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Total Theory Practical
External Internal External Internal
2 - 2 4 35 15 15 10

Scope: This course will prepare the young pharmacy student to interact effectively with doctors, nurses,
dentists, physiotherapists and other health workers. At the end of this course the student will get the
soft skills set to work cohesively with the team as a team player and will add value to the pharmaceutical
business.

Objectives: Upon completion of the course the student shall be able to

 Understand the behavioral needs for a Pharmacist to function effectively in the areas of
pharmaceutical operation
 Communicate effectively (Verbal and Non Verbal)
 Effectively manage the team as a team player
 Develop interview skills
 Develop Leadership qualities and essentials

Course outcomes: By the end of this course, the student should have:
CO1: A good understanding of the basic concepts of computer software applicability in various field
of pharmacy.
CO2: Students should be able to know the development interview skill and leadership.

Course content:
Unit 1 07 Hours
 Communication Skills: Introduction, Definition, The Importance of Communication, The
Communication Process – Source, Message, Encoding, Channel, Decoding, Receiver,
Feedback, Context
 Barriers to communication: Physiological Barriers, Physical Barriers, Cultural Barriers,
Language Barriers, Gender Barriers, Interpersonal Barriers, Psychological Barriers, Emotional
barriers

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 Perspectives in Communication: Introduction, Visual Perception, Language, Other factors
affecting our perspective - Past Experiences, Prejudices, Feelings, Environment
Unit 2 07 Hours
 Elements of Communication: Introduction, Face to Face Communication - Tone of Voice,
Body Language (Non-verbal communication), Verbal Communication, Physical
Communication
 Communication Styles: Introduction, The Communication Styles Matrix with example for each
-Direct Communication Style, Spirited Communication Style, Systematic Communication Style,
Considerate Communication Style
Unit 3 07 Hours
 Basic Listening Skills: Introduction, Self-Awareness, Active Listening, Becoming an Active
Listener, Listening in Difficult Situations
 Effective Written Communication: Introduction, When and When Not to Use Written
Communication - Complexity of the Topic, Amount of Discussion’ Required, Shades of
Meaning, Formal Communication
 Writing Effectively: Subject Lines, Put the Main Point First, Know Your Audience,
Organization of the Message
Unit 4 05 Hours
 Interview Skills: Purpose of an interview, Do’s and Dont’s of an interview
 Giving Presentations: Dealing with Fears, Planning your Presentation, Structuring Your
Presentation, Delivering Your Presentation, Techniques of Delivery
Unit 5 04 Hours
Group Discussion: Introduction, Communication skills in group discussion, Do’s and Dont’s of group
discussion

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BP111P. COMMUNICATION SKILLS (Practical)
2 Hours / week
The following learning modules are to be conducted using words worth ® English language lab software
1. Basic communication covering the following topics
Meeting People Asking Questions Making Friends What did you do? Do’s and Dont’s
2. Pronunciations covering the following topics
Pronunciation (Consonant Sounds)
Pronunciation and Nouns
Pronunciation (Vowel Sounds)
3. Advanced Learning
Listening Comprehension / Direct and Indirect Speech Figures of Speech
Effective Communication Writing Skills
Effective Writing Interview Handling Skills E-Mail etiquette Presentation Skill
Recommended Books: (Latest Edition)
1. Basic communication skills for Technology, Andreja. J. Ruther Ford, 2nd Edition, Pearson
Education, 2011
2. Communication skills, Sanjay Kumar, Pushpalata, 1stEdition, Oxford Press, 2011
3. Organizational Behaviour, Stephen .P. Robbins, 1stEdition, Pearson, 2013
4. Brilliant- Communication skills, Gill Hasson, 1stEdition, Pearson Life, 2011
5. The Ace of Soft Skills: Attitude, Communication and Etiquette for success, Gopala Swamy
Ramesh, 5thEdition, Pearson, 2013
6. Developing your influencing skills, Deborah Dalley, Lois Burton, Margaret, Green hall, 1st
Edition Universe of Learning LTD, 2010
7. Communication skills for professionals, Konar nira, 2ndEdition, New arrivals –
8. PHI, 2011
9. Personality development and soft skills, Barun K Mitra, 1stEdition, Oxford Press, 2011
10. Soft skill for everyone, Butter Field, 1st Edition, Cengage Learning india [Link], 2011
11. Soft skills and professional communication, Francis Peters SJ, 1stEdition, Mc Graw
12. Hill Education, 2011
13. Effective communication, John Adair, 4thEdition, Pan Mac Millan,2009
14. Bringing out the best in people, Aubrey Daniels, 2ndEdition, Mc Graw Hill, 1999

Page 52 of 214
[Link] SEMESTER – I
REMEDIAL BIOLOGY
Subject code: BP106RBT
Theory (2 Hours / Week; 2 Credits, 30 Hours)
Teaching Scheme Evaluation Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Total Theory Practical
External Internal External Internal
2 - 2 4 35 15 15 10

Scope: To learn and understand the components of living world, structure and functional system of plant
and animal kingdom.

Objectives: Upon completion of the course, the student shall be able to

 know the classification and salient features of five kingdoms of life
 understand the basic components of anatomy & physiology of plant
 know understand the basic components of anatomy & physiology animal with special reference
to human

Course outcomes: This is an introductory course in Biology:

CO1: Gives basic study of natural sources such as plant and animal origin.
CO2: This subject has been introduces to the pharmacy course in order to make the student aware
of various naturally occurring drugs and its history, sources, classification, distribution and
the characters of the plants and animals.
CO3: This subject gives basic foundation to Pharmacognosy.

Course content:
Unit 1 07 Hours
Living world:
 Definition and characters of living organisms
 Diversity in the living world
 Binomial nomenclature
 Five kingdoms of life and basis of classification. Salient features of Monera, Potista,
Fungi, Animalia and Plantae, Virus,
Morphology of Flowering plants

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 Morphology of different parts of flowering plants – Root, stem, inflorescence, flower, leaf, fruit,
seed.
 General Anatomy of Root, stem, leaf of monocotyledons & Dicotylidones.
Unit 2 07 Hours
Body fluids and circulation
 Composition of blood, blood groups, coagulation of blood
 Composition and functions of lymph
 Human
 circulatory system
 Structure of human heart and blood vessels
 Cardiac cycle, cardiac output and ECG
Digestion and Absorption
 Human alimentary canal and digestive glands
 Role of digestive enzymes
 Digestion, absorption and assimilation of digested food
Breathing and respiration
 Human respiratory system
 Mechanism of breathing and its regulation
 Exchange of gases, transport of gases and regulation of respiration
 Respiratory volumes
Unit 3 07 Hours
Excretory products and their elimination
 Modes of excretion
 Human excretory system- structure and function
 Urine formation
 Rennin angiotensin system
Neural control and coordination
 Definition and classification of nervous system
 Structure of a neuron
 Generation and conduction of nerve impulse
 Structure of brain and spinal cord
 Functions of cerebrum, cerebellum, hypothalamus and medulla oblongata
Page 54 of 214
Chemical coordination and regulation
 Endocrine glands and their secretions
 Functions of hormones secreted by endocrine glands
Human reproduction
 Parts of female reproductive system
 Parts of male reproductive system
 Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis
 Menstrual cycle
Unit 4 05 Hours
Plants and mineral nutrition:
 Essential mineral, macro and micronutrients
 Nitrogen metabolism, Nitrogen cycle, biological nitrogen fixation
Photosynthesis
 Autotrophic nutrition, photosynthesis, Photosynthetic pigments, Factors affecting
photosynthesis.
Unit 5 04 Hours
 Plant respiration:Respiration, glycolysis, fermentation (anaerobic).
Plant growth and development
 Phases and rate of plant growth, Condition of growth,Introduction to plant growth regulators
Cell - The unit of life
 Structure and functions of cell and cell [Link] division
Tissues
 Definition, types of tissues, location and functions.
Text Books
1. Text book of Biology by S. B. Gokhale
2. A Text book of Biology by Dr. Thulajappa and Dr. Seetaram.
Reference Books
1. A Text book of Biology by B.V. Sreenivasa Naidu
2. A Text book of Biology by Naidu and Murthy
3. Botany for Degree students By [Link].
4. Outlines of Zoology by M. Ekambaranatha ayyer and T. N. Ananthakrishnan.
5. A manual for pharmaceutical biology practical by S.B. Gokhale and C. K. Kokate

Page 55 of 214
BP112RBP. REMEDIAL BIOLOGY (Practical)
30 Hours
1. Introduction to experiments in biology
A. Study of Microscope
B. Section cutting techniques
C. Mounting and staining
D. Permanent slide preparation
Study of cell and its inclusions
Study of Stem, Root, Leaf, seed, fruit, flower and their modifications
Detailed study of frog by using computer models
Microscopic study and identification of tissues pertinent to Stem, Root Leaf, seed, fruit and flower
Identification of bones
Determination of blood group
Determination of blood pressure
Determination of tidal volume

Reference Books
2. Practical human anatomy and physiology. by [Link] and [Link].
A Manual of pharmaceutical biology practical by [Link], [Link] and [Link].
Biology practical manual according to National core curriculum .Biology forum of
Karnataka. Prof .[Link]

Page 56 of 214
[Link] SEMESTER – I
REMEDIAL MATHEMATICS
Subject code: BP106RMT
Theory (2 Hours / Week; 2 Credits, 30 Hours)
Teaching Scheme Evaluation Scheme
Theory Practical
Theory Tutorial Practical Total
External Internal External Internal
2 - - 2 35 15 - -

Scope: This is an introductory course in mathematics. This subject deals with the introduction to Partial
fraction, Logarithm, matrices and Determinant, Analytical geometry, Calculus, differential equation and
Laplace transform.

Objectives:Upon completion of the course the student shall be able to:-

 Know the theory and their application in Pharmacy
 Solve the different types of problems by applying theory
 Appreciate the important application of mathematics in Pharmacy

Course outcomes: The emphasis during Lecture sessions will be on:

CO1: Understanding of Concepts rather than on complexities of Computational Techniques.
CO2: Stress is also given on Visual perception through Mathematical Software. Relevant
Illustrations will be provided from the Real World processes.
CO3: Sufficient home assignments will be given to the students which will test their fundamentals
and ability to relate Mathematical concepts with reality.

Course Content:
Unit 1 06 Hours
 Partial fraction
Introduction, Polynomial, Rational fractions, Proper and Improper fractions, Partial fraction ,
Resolving into Partial fraction, Application of Partial Fraction in Chemical Kinetics and
Pharmacokinetics
 Logarithms
Introduction, Definition, Theorems/Properties of logarithms, Common logarithms, Characteristic and
Mantissa, worked examples, application of logarithm to solve pharmaceutical problems.

Page 57 of 214
 Function:
Real Valued function, Classification of real valued functions,
 Limits and continuity :
Introduction , Limit of a function, Definition of limit of a function
3 564 4 =>9;
5:
(∈ − & definition),nlim 356 = 78 9 , lim ; = 1,
0→2 ;→<

Unite 2 06 Hours
 Matrices and Determinant:
 Introduction matrices, Types of matrices, Operation on matrices, Transpose of a matrix, Matrix
Multiplication, Determinants, Properties of determinants , Product of determinants, Minors and
co-Factors, Adjoint
 or adjugate of a square matrix , Singular and non-singular matrices, Inverse of a matrix, Solution
of system of linear of equations using matrix method, Cramer’s rule, Characteristic equation and
roots of a square matrix, Cayley–Hamilton theorem,Applicationof Matrices in solving
Pharmacokinetic equations
Unit 3 06 Hours
 Calculus
 Differentiation:
Introductions, Derivative of a function, Derivative of a constant, Derivative of a product of a constant
and a function , Derivative of the sum or difference of two functions, Derivative of the product of
two functions (product formula), Derivative of the quotient of two functions (Quotient formula) –
Without Proof, Derivative of xn [Link],where n is any rational number, Derivative of ex,, Derivative
of loge x , Derivative of ax, Derivative of trigonometric functions from first principles (without
Proof), Successive Differentiation, Conditions for a function to be a maximum or a minimum at a
point. Application
Unit 4 06 Hours
 Analytical Geometry
Introduction: Signs of the Coordinates, Distance formula,
Straight Line : Slope or gradient of a straight line, Conditions for parallelism and perpendicularity
of two lines, Slope of a line joining two points, Slope – intercept form of a straight line
Integration: Introduction, Definition, Standard formulae, Rules of integration , Method of
substitution, Method of Partial fractions, Integration by parts, definite integrals, application
Unit 5 06 Hours
 Differential Equations : Some basic definitions, Order and degree, Equations in separable form
, Homogeneous equations, Linear Differential equations, Exact equations, Application in solving
Pharmacokinetic equations
 Laplace Transform : Introduction, Definition, Properties of Laplace transform, Laplace Transforms
Page 58 of 214
of elementary functions, Inverse Laplace transforms, Laplace transform of derivatives, Application
to solve Linear differential equations, Application in solving Chemical kinetics and Pharmacokinetics
equations
Recommended Books (Latest Edition)
1. Differential Calculus by Shanthinarayan
2. Pharmaceutical Mathematics with application to Pharmacy by Panchaksharappa Gowda D.H.
3. Integral Calculus by Shanthinarayan
4. Higher Engineering Mathematics by [Link]

Page 59 of 214
SEMESTER II

Page 60 of 214
[Link] SEMESTER – II
HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY-II
Subject code: BP201T
Theory (3 Hours / Week; 4 Credits, 45 Hours)
Teaching Scheme Evaluation Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Total Theory Practical
External Internal External Internal
3 1 4 8 75 25 35 15

Objectives: Upon completion of this course the student should be able to:
 Explain the gross morphology, structure and functions of various organs of the human body.
 Describe the various homeostatic mechanisms and their imbalances.
 Identify the various tissues and organs of different systems of human body.
 Perform the hematological tests like blood cell counts, haemoglobin estimation,
 Bleeding/clotting time and also record blood pressure, heart rate, pulse and respiratory
volume.
 Appreciate coordinated working pattern of different organs of each system
 Appreciate the interlinked mechanisms in the maintenance of normal functioning
(homeostasis) of human body.

Course outcomes: Study of anatomy and physiology as:

CO1: A gateway to careers in health related fields, athletics training etc., as a foundation to
advanced scientific studies, or understanding pathology of disease and pathological
changes, provide base for proper understanding effects of drug on body and factors affecting
various physiological processes and its effects.
CO2: Overall effective maintenance of individual and community health. Acquisition of
intellectual and motor skills.

Course Content:
Unit 1 10 hours
 Nervous system
Page 61 of 214
Organization of nervous system, neuron, neuroglia, classification and properties of nerve
fibre, electrophysiology, action potential, nerve impulse, receptors, synapse, neurotransmitters.
Central nervous system: Meninges, ventricles of brain and cerebrospinal [Link] and
functions of brain (cerebrum, brain stem, cerebellum), spinal cord (gross structure, functions
of afferent and efferent nerve tracts,reflex activity)
Unit 2 06 hours
 Digestive system
Anatomy of GI Tract with special reference to anatomy and functions of stomach, (Acid production
in the stomach, regulation of acid production through parasympathetic nervous system, pepsin role
in protein digestion) small intestine and large intestine, anatomy and functions of salivary glands,
pancreas and liver, movements of GIT, digestion and absorption of nutrients and disorders of GIT.
 Energetics
Formation and role of ATP, Creatinine Phosphate and BMR.
Unit 3 10 hours
 Respiratory system
Anatomy of respiratory system with special reference to anatomy of lungs, mechanism of
respiration, regulation of respiration
Lung Volumes and capacities transport of respiratory gases, artificial respiration, and resuscitation
methods.
 Urinary system
Anatomy of urinary tract with special reference to anatomy of kidney and nephrons,
functions of kidney and urinary tract, physiology of urine formation, micturition reflex and role
of kidneys in acid base balance, role of RAS in kidney and disorders of kidney.
Unit 4 10 hours
 Endocrine system
Classification of hormones, mechanism of hormone action, structure and functions of pituitary
gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, adrenal gland, pancreas, pineal gland, thymus and their
disorders.
Unit 5 09 hours
 Reproductive system
Anatomy of male and female reproductive system, Functions of male and female reproductive
system, sex hormones, physiology of menstruation, fertilization, spermatogenesis, oogenesis,
pregnancy and parturition
 Introduction to genetics
Chromosomes, genes and DNA, protein synthesis, genetic pattern of inheritance

Page 62 of 214
BP207P. HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY-II (Practical)
4 Hours/week
Practical physiology is complimentary to the theoretical discussions in physiology. Practicals
allow the verification of physiological processes discussed in theory classes through experiments
on living tissue, intact animals or normal human beings. This is helpful for developing an insight
on the subject.
1. To study the integumentary and special senses using specimen, models, etc.,
2. To study the nervous system using specimen, models, etc.,
3. To study the endocrine system using specimen, models, etc
4. To demonstrate the general neurological examination
5. To demonstrate the function of olfactory nerve
6. To examine the different types of taste.
7. To demonstrate the visual acuity
8. To demonstrate the reflex activity
9. Recording of body temperature
10. To demonstrate positive and negative feedback mechanism.
11. Determination of tidal volume and vital capacity.
12. Study of digestive, respiratory, cardiovascular systems, urinary and reproductive systems with
the help of models, charts and specimens.
13. Recording of basal mass index
14. Study of family planning devices and pregnancy diagnosis test.
15. Demonstration of total blood count by cell analyser
16. Permanent slides of vital organs and gonads.
Recommended Books (Latest Editions)
1. Essentials of Medical Physiology by K. Sembulingam and P. Sembulingam. Jaypee
brothers medical publishers, New Delhi.
2. Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness by Kathleen J.W. Wilson, Churchill
Livingstone, New York
3. Physiological basis of Medical Practice-Best and Tailor. Williams & Wilkins
Co,Riverview,MI USA
4. ext book of Medical Physiology- Arthur C,Guyton andJohn.E. Hall. Miamisburg, OH, U.S.A.
5. Principles of Anatomy and Physiology by Tortora Grabowski. Palmetto, GA, U.S.A.
6. Textbook of Human Histology by Inderbir Singh, Jaypee brothers medical publishers, New
Delhi.
7. Textbook of Practical Physiology by C.L. Ghai, Jaypee brothers medical publishers, New Delhi.
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8. Practical workbook of Human Physiology by K. Srinageswari and Rajeev Sharma, Jaypee
brother’s medical publishers, New Delhi.
Reference Books:
1. Physiological basis of Medical Practice-Best and Tailor. Williams & Wilkins Co, Riverview,
MI USA
2. Text book of Medical Physiology- Arthur C, Guyton and John. E. Hall. Miamisburg, OH,
U.S.A.
3. Human Physiology (vol 1 and 2) by Dr. C.C. Chatterrje ,Academic Publishers Kolkata

Page 64 of 214
[Link] SEMESTER – II
PHARMACEUTICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY –I
Subject code: BP202T
Theory (3 Hours / Week; 4 Credits, 45 Hours)
Teaching Scheme Evaluation Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Total Theory Practical
External Internal External Internal
3 1 4 8 75 25 35 15

Scope: This subject deals with classification and nomenclature of simple organic compounds,
structural isomerism, intermediates forming in reactions, important physical properties, reactions and
methods of preparation of these compounds. The syllabus also emphasizes on mechanisms and
orientation of reactions.
Objectives: Upon completion of the course the student shall be able to
 Write the structure, name and the type of isomerism of the organic compound
 Write the reaction, name the reaction and orientation of reactions
 Account for reactivity/stability of compounds,
 Identify/confirm the identification of organic compound
Course outcomes: The course will help the student to have:
CO1: A good understanding of the history and basic concepts of organic chemistry.
CO2: Students should be able to describe in detail synthetic approaches as well as mechanisms of
action of some important organic base therapeutic and diagnostic agents.
CO3: The course may help the students in understanding rational approaches towards the design
of important therapeutic agents and their biological implications.

Course Content:
General methods of preparation and reactions of compounds superscripted with asterisk (*) to be
explained
To emphasize on definition, types, classification, principles/mechanisms, applications, examples and
differences
Unit 1 07 Hours
 Classification, nomenclature and isomerism
Classification of Organic Compounds
Common and IUPAC systems of nomenclature of organic compounds (up to 10 Carbons open chain
and carbocyclic compounds) Structural isomerisms in organic compounds
Unit 2 10 Hours

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 Alkanes*, Alkenes* and Conjugated dienes*
SP3 hybridization in alkanes, Halogenation of alkanes, uses of paraffins. Stabilities of alkenes, SP2
hybridization in alkenes
E1 and E2 reactions – kinetics, order of reactivity of alkyl halides, rearrangement of carbocations,
Saytzeffs orientation and evidences. E1 verses E2 reactions, Factors affecting E1 and E2 reactions.
Ozonolysis, electrophilic addition reactions of alkenes, Markownikoff’s orientation, free radical
addition reactions of alkenes, Anti Markownikoff’s orientation.
Stability of conjugated dienes, Diel-Alder, electrophilic addition, free radical addition reactions of
conjugated dienes, allylic rearrangement
Unit 3 10 Hours
 Alkyl halides*
SN1 and SN2 reactions - kinetics, order of reactivity of alkyl halides, stereochemistry and
rearrangement of carbocations.
SN1 versus SN2 reactions, Factors affecting SN1 and SN2 reactions
Structure and uses of ethylchloride, Chloroform, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene,
dichloromethane, tetrachloromethane and iodoform.
Alcohols*-
Qualitative tests, Structure and uses of Ethyl alcohol, Methyl alcohol, chlorobutanol, Cetosteryl
alcohol, Benzyl alcohol, Glycerol, Propylene glycol
Unit 4 10 Hours
 Carbonyl compounds* (Aldehydes and ketones)
Nucleophilic addition, Electromeric effect, aldol condensation, Crossed Aldol condensation,
Cannizzaro reaction, Crossed Cannizzaro reaction, Benzoin condensation, Perkin condensation,
qualitative tests, Structure and uses of Formaldehyde, Paraldehyde, Acetone, Chloral hydrate,
Hexamine, Benzaldehyde, Vanilin, Cinnamaldehyde.
Unit 5 08 Hours
 Carboxylic acids*
Acidity of carboxylic acids, effect of substituents on acidity, inductive effect and qualitative
tests for carboxylic acids ,amide and ester
Structure and Uses of Acetic acid, Lactic acid, Tartaric acid, Citric acid, Succinic acid. Oxalic
acid, Salicylic acid, Benzoic acid, Benzyl benzoate, Dimethyl phthalate, Methyl salicylate and
Acetyl salicylic acid
 Aliphatic amines*
Basicity, effect of substituent on Basicity. Qualitative test, Structure and uses of Ethanolamine,
Ethylenediamine, Amphetamine

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BP208P. PHARMACEUTICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - I (Practical)
4 Hours / week
1. Systematic qualitative analysis of unknown organic compounds like
A. Preliminary test: Color, odour, aliphatic/aromatic compounds, saturation and unsaturation,
etc.
B. Detection of elements like Nitrogen, Sulphur and Halogen by Lassaigne’s test
C. Solubility test
D. Functional group test like Phenols, Amides/ Urea, Carbohydrates, Amines, Carboxylic
acids, Aldehydes and Ketones, Alcohols, Esters, Aromatic and Halogenated Hydrocarbons,
Nitro compounds and Anilides.
E. Melting point/Boiling point of organic compounds
F. Identification of the unknown compound from the literature using melting point/ boiling
point.
G. Preparation of the derivatives and confirmation of the unknown compound by melting
point/ boiling point.
H. Minimum 5 unknown organic compounds to be analysed systematically.
2. Preparation of suitable solid derivatives from organic compounds
3. Construction of molecular models

Recommended Books (Latest Editions)

1. Organic Chemistry by Morrison and Boyd
2. Organic Chemistry by I.L. Finar , Volume-I
3. Textbook of Organic Chemistry by B.S. Bahl & Arun Bahl.
4. Organic Chemistry by [Link]
5. Practical Organic Chemistry by Mann and Saunders.
6. Vogel’s text book of Practical Organic Chemistry
7. Advanced Practical organic chemistry by [Link].
8. Introduction to Organic Laboratory techniques by Pavia, Lampman and Kriz.
9. Reaction and reaction mechanism by Ahluwaliah/Chatwal.

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[Link] SEMESTER – II
BIOCHEMISTRY
Subject code: BP203T
Theory (3 Hours / Week; 4 Credits, 45 Hours)
Teaching Scheme Evaluation Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Total Theory Practical
External Internal External Internal
3 1 4 8 75 25 35 15

Scope: Biochemistry deals with complete understanding of the molecular levels of the chemical process
associated with living cells. The scope of the subject is providing biochemical facts and the principles
to understand metabolism of nutrient molecules in physiological and pathological conditions. It is also
emphasizing on genetic organization of mammalian genome and hetero & autocatalytic functions of
DNA.

Objectives: Upon completion of course student shell able to

 Understand the catalytic role of enzymes, importance of enzyme inhibitors in design of
new drugs, therapeutic and diagnostic applications of enzymes.
 Understand the metabolism of nutrient molecules in
physiologicaland pathological conditions.
 Understand the genetic organization of mammalian genome and functions of DNA in the
synthesis of RNAs and proteins.

Course outcomes: The curriculum of the Department is designed to:

CO1: Satisfy the diverse needs of these students. Advanced coursework and educational activities
outside the traditional classroom.
CO2: At graduation, chemistry majors should have a set of fundamental competencies that are
knowledge-based, performance/skills-based, and affective.
CO3: Graduates will aware about carbohydrates, Lipid,enzymes, Water Minerals Metabolism and
also about Biochemical Organization of the cell and Transport Processes Across Cell
Membrane
Course Content:
Unit 1 08 Hours
 Biomoleculs
Introduction, classification, chemical nature and biological role of carbohydrate, lipids,
nucleic acids, amino acids and proteins.

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 Bioenergetis
Concept of free energy, endergonic and exergonic reaction,Relationship between free energy,
enthalpy and entropy; Redox potential.
Energy rich compounds; classification; biological significances of ATP and cyclic AMP
Unit 2 10 Hours
 Carbohydrate metabolism
Glycolysis – Pathway, energetics and significance Citric acid cycle- Pathway, energetics and
significance
HMP shunt and its significance; Glucose-6-Phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency
Glycogen metabolism Pathways and glycogen storage diseases (GSD)
Gluconeogenesis- Pathway and its significance
Hormonal regulation of blood glucose level and Diabetes mellitus
 Biological oxidation
Electron transport chain (ETC) and its mechanism.
Oxidative phosphorylation & its mechanism and substrate phosphorylation, Inhibitors ETC
and oxidative phosphorylation/Uncouplers level
Unit 3 10 Hours
 Lipid metabolism
β-Oxidation of saturated fatty acid (Palmitic acid)
ormation and utilization of ketone bodies; ketoacidosis De novo synthesis of fatty acids (Palmitic
acid)
Biological significance of cholesterol and conversion of cholesterol into bile acids, steroid
hormone and vitamin D
Disorders of lipid metabolism: Hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, fatty liver and obesity.
 Amino acid metabolism
General reactions of amino acid metabolism: Transamination, deamination & decarboxylation, urea
cycle and its disorders
Catabolism of phenylalanine and tyrosine and their metabolic disorders (Phenyketonuria,
Albinism, alkeptonuria, tyrosinemia)
Synthesis and significance of biological substances; 5-HT, melatonin, dopamine, noradrenaline,
adrenaline
Catabolism of heme; hyperbilirubinemia and jaundice
Unit 4 10 Hours
 Nucleic acid metabolism and genetic information transfer
Biosynthesis of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides
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Catabolism of purine nucleotides and Hyperuricemia and Gout disease Organization of mammalian
genome
Structure of DNA and RNA and their functions DNA replication (semi conservative model)
Transcription or RNA synthesis
Genetic code, Translation or Protein synthesis and inhibitors
Unit 5 07 Hours
 Enzymes
Introduction, properties, nomenclature and IUB classification of enzymes Enzyme kinetics
(Michaelis plot, Line Weaver Burke plot)
Enzyme inhibitors with examples
Regulation of enzymes: enzyme induction and repression, allosteric enzymes regulation
Therapeutic and diagnostic applications of enzymes and isoenzymes Coenzymes –Structure and
biochemical functions

Page 70 of 214
BP209P. BIOCHEMISTRY (Practical)
4 Hours / Week
1. Qualitative analysis of carbohydrates (Glucose, Fructose, Lactose, Maltose, Sucrose and
starch)
2. Identification tests for Proteins (albumin and Casein)
3. Quantitative analysis of reducing sugars (DNSA method) and Proteins (Biuret method)
4. Qualitative analysis of urine for abnormal constituents
5. Determination of blood creatinine
6. Determination of blood sugar
7. Determination of serum total cholesterol
8. Preparation of buffer solution and measurement of pH
9. Study of enzymatic hydrolysis of starch
10. Determination of Salivary amylase activity
11. Study the effect of Temperature on Salivary amylase activity.
12. Study the effect of substrate concentration on salivary amylase activity.
Recommended Books (Latest Editions)
1. Principles of Biochemistry by Lehninger.
2. Harper’s Biochemistry by Robert K. Murry, Daryl K. Granner and Victor W. Rodwell.
3. Biochemistry by Stryer.
4. Biochemistry by D. Satyanarayan and [Link]
5. Textbook of Biochemistry by Rama Rao.
6. Textbook of Biochemistry by Deb.
7. Outlines of Biochemistry by Conn and Stumpf
8. Practical Biochemistry by R.C. Gupta and S. Bhargavan.
9. Introduction of Practical Biochemistry by David T. Plummer. (3rd Edition)
10. Practical Biochemistry for Medical students by Rajagopal and Ramakrishna.
11. Practical Biochemistry by Harold Varley.

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[Link] SEMESTER – II
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Subject code: BP204T
Theory (3 Hours / Week; 4 Credits, 45 Hours)
Teaching Scheme Evaluation Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Total Theory Practical
External Internal External Internal
3 1 0 4 75 25 0 0

Scope: Pathophysiology is the study of causes of diseases and reactions of the body to such disease
producing [Link] course is designed to impart a thorough knowledge of the relevant aspects of
pathology of various conditions with reference to its pharmacological applications, and understanding
of basic pathophysiological mechanisms. Hence it will not only help to study the syllabus of
pathology, but also to get baseline knowledge required to practice medicine safely, confidently,
rationally and effectively.

Objectives: Upon completion of the subject student shall be able to –

 Describe the etiology and pathogenesis of the selected disease states;
 Name the signs and symptoms of the diseases; and
 Mention the complications of the diseases.

Course outcomes: At the end of the course, the student will be able to:
CO1: Understand the concept of pathophysiology which is a prime requirement to understand the
concepts of pharmacology.
CO2: In addition they will be able to know about pathogenesis of common diseases.

Course content:
Unit 1 10Hours
 Basic principles of Cell injury and Adaptation:
Introduction, definitions, Homeostasis, Components and Types of Feedback systems, Causes of
cellular injury, Pathogenesis (Cell membrane damage, Mitochondrial damage, Ribosome damage,
Nuclear damage), Morphology of cell injury – Adaptive changes (Atrophy, Hypertrophy,
hyperplasia, Metaplasia, Dysplasia),Cell swelling, Intra cellular accumulation, Calcification,
Enzyme leakage and Cell Death Acidosis &Alkalosis, Electrolyte imbalance
 Basic mechanism involved in the process of inflammation and repair:
Introduction, Clinical signs of inflammation, Different types of Inflammation,Mechanism of
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Inflammation – Alteration in vascular permeability and blood flow, migration of WBC’s,
Mediators of inflammation, Basic principles of wound healing in the skin, Pathophysiology of
Atherosclerosis
Unit 2 10Hours
 Cardiovascular System:
Hypertension, congestive heart failure, ischemic heart disease (angina,myocardial infarction,
atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis)
 Respiratory system:Asthma, Chronic obstructive airways diseases.
 Renal system:Acute and chronic renal failure
Unit 3 10Hours
 Haematological Diseases: Iron deficiency, megaloblastic anemia (Vit B12 and folic acid),
sickle cell anemia, thalasemia, hereditary acquired anemia, hemophilia
 Endocrine system: Diabetes, thyroid diseases, disorders of sex hormones
 Nervous system: Epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, stroke, psychiatric disorders: depression,
schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s disease.
 Gastrointestinal system: Peptic Ulcer
Unit 4 8 Hours
 Inflammatory bowel diseases, jaundice, hepatitis (A, B, C, D, E, F) alcoholic liver disease.
 Disease of bones and joints: Rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis and gout
 Principles of cancer: classification, etiology and pathogenesis of cancer
 Diseases of bones and joints:Rheumatoid Arthritis, Osteoporosis,Gout
 Principles of Cancer: Classification, etiology and pathogenesis of Cancer
Unit 5 7 Hours
 Infectious diseases:Meningitis,Typhoid, Leprosy, Tuberculosis Urinary tract infections
 Sexually transmitted diseases:AIDS, Syphilis, Gonorrhea
Recommended Books (Latest Editions)
1. Vinay Kumar, Abul K. Abas, Jon C. Aster; Robbins &Cotran Pathologic Basis of
Disease; South Asia edition; India; Elsevier; 2014.
2. Harsh Mohan; Text book of Pathology; 6th edition; India; Jaypee Publications; 2010.
3. Laurence B, Bruce C, Bjorn K. ; Goodman Gilman’s The Pharmacological Basis of
Therapeutics; 12th edition; New York; McGraw-Hill; 2011.
4. Best, Charles Herbert 1899-1978; Taylor, Norman Burke 1885-1972; West, John B (John
Burnard); Best and Taylor’s Physiological basis of medical practice; 12th ed; united states;
5. William and Wilkins, Baltimore;1991 [1990 printing].

Page 73 of 214
6. Nicki R. Colledge, Brian R. Walker, Stuart H. Ralston;Davidson’s Principles and Practice of
Medicine; 21st edition; London; ELBS/Churchill Livingstone; 2010.
7. Guyton A, John .E Hall; Textbook of Medical Physiology; 12 th edition; WB Saunders
Company; 2010.
8. Joseph DiPiro, Robert L. Talbert, Gary Yee, Barbara Wells, L. Michael Posey;
Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiological Approach; 9th edition; London; McGraw-Hill
Medical; 2014.
9. V. Kumar, R. S. Cotran and S. L. Robbins; Basic Pathology; 6th edition; Philadelphia; WB
Saunders Company; 1997.
10. Roger Walker, Clive Edwards; Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics; 3rd edition; London;
Churchill Livingstone publication; 2003.
Recommended Journals
1. The Journal of Pathology. ISSN: 1096-9896 (Online)
2. The American Journal of Pathology. ISSN: 0002-9440
3. Pathology. 1465-3931 (Online)
4. International Journal of Physiology, Pathophysiology and [Link]: 1944-8171
(Online)
5. Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology. ISSN-0377-4929.

Page 74 of 214
[Link] SEMESTER – II
COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN PHARMACY
Subject code: BP205T
Theory (3 Hours / Week; 3 Credits, 30 Hours)
Teaching Scheme Evaluation Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Total Theory Practical
External Internal External Internal
3 0 2 5 50 25 15 10

Scope: This subject deals with the introduction Database, Database Management system, computer
application in clinical studies and use of databases.

Objectives: Upon completion of the course the student shall be able to

 know the various types of application of computers in pharmacy
 know the various types of databases
 know the various applications of databases in pharmacy

Course outcomes: By the end of this course, studemts should have:

CO1: A good understanding of the basic concepts of derived measurement of computer and its
application in pharmacy.
CO2: The advanced concept of information systems software and web designing should provide
great idea about the application of computer in pharmacy.

Course content:
Unit 1 06 hours
 Number system: Binary number system, Decimal number system, Octal number system,
Hexadecimal number systems, conversion decimal to binary, binary to decimal, octal to binary
etc, binary addition, binary subtraction – One’s complement ,Two’s complement method,
binary multiplication, binary division
 Concept of Information Systems and Software : Information gathering, requirement and
feasibility analysis, data flow diagrams, process specifications, input/output design, process life
cycle, planning and managing the project
Unit 2 06 hours
 Web technologies:Introduction to HTML, XML,CSS and Programming languages,
introduction to web servers and Server Products

Page 75 of 214
 Introduction to databases, MYSQL, MS ACCESS, Pharmacy Drug database
Unit 3 06 hours
 Application of computers in Pharmacy – Drug information storage and retrieval,
Pharmacokinetics, Mathematical model in Drug design, Hospital and Clinical Pharmacy,
Electronic Prescribing and discharge (EP) systems, barcode medicine identification and
automated dispensing of drugs, mobile technology and adherence monitoring
 Diagnostic System, Lab-diagnostic System, Patient Monitoring System, Pharma Information
System
Unit 4 06 hours
 Bioinformatics: Introduction, Objective of Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics Databases,
Concept of Bioinformatics, Impact of Bioinformatics in Vaccine Discovery
Unit 5 06 hours
 Computers as data analysis in Preclinical development: Chromatographic dada
analysis(CDS), Laboratory Information management System (LIMS) and Text Information
Management System(TIMS)

Page 76 of 214
BP210P. COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN PHARMACY (Practical)
1. Design a questionnaire using a word processing package to gather information about a particular
disease.
2. Create a HTML web page to show personal information.
3. Retrieve the information of a drug and its adverse effects using online tools
4. Creating mailing labels Using Label Wizard , generating label in MS WORD
5. Create a database in MS Access to store the patient information with the required fields Using
access
6. Design a form in MS Access to view, add, delete and modify the patient record in the database
7. Generating report and printing the report from patient database
8. Creating invoice table using – MS Access
9. Drug information storage and retrieval using MS Access
10. Creating and working with queries in MS Access
11. Exporting Tables, Queries, Forms and Reports to web pages
12. Exporting Tables, Queries, Forms and Reports to XML pages
Recommended books (Latest edition):
1. Computer Application in Pharmacy – William [Link] –Lea and Febiger, 600 South
Washington Square, USA, (215) 922-1330.
2. Computer Application in Pharmaceutical Research and Development –Sean Ekins –
3. Wiley-Interscience, A John Willey and Sons, INC., Publication, USA
4. Bioinformatics (Concept, Skills and Applications) – [Link]-CBS Publishers and
Distributors, 4596/1- A, 11 Darya Gani, New Delhi – 110 002(INDIA)
5. Microsoft office Access - 2003, Application Development Using VBA, SQL Server,
6. DAP and Infopath – Cary [Link] – Wiley Dreamtech India (P) Ltd., 4435/7, Ansari Road,
Daryagani, New Delhi - 110002

Page 77 of 214
[Link] SEMESTER – II
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Subject code: BP206T
Theory (3 Hours / Week; 3 Credits, 30 Hours)
Teaching Scheme Evaluation Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Total Theory Practical
External Internal External Internal
3 0 0 3 50 25 0 0

Scope: Environmental Sciences is the scientific study of the environmental system and the status of
its inherent or induced changes on organisms. It includes not only the study of physical and biological
characters of the environment but also the social and cultural factors and the impact of man on
environment.

Objectives: Upon completion of the course the student shall be able to:
 Create the awareness about environmental problems among learners.
 Impart basic knowledge about the environment and its allied problems.
 Develop an attitude of concern for the environment.
 Motivate learner to participate in environment protection and environment improvement.
 Acquire skills to help the concerned individuals in identifying and solving environmental
problems.
 Strive to attain harmony with Nature.

Course outcomes: This course provides:

CO1: Tthe knowledge of different environmental problems and its impact on society.
CO2: It includes not only the study of physical and biological characters of the environment but
also the social and cultural factors and the impact of man on environment.

Course content:
Unit 1 10hours
 The Multidisciplinary nature of environmental studies Natural Resources
 Renewable and non-renewable resources:
 Natural resources and associated problems

Page 78 of 214
 Forest resources; b) Water resources; c) Mineral resources; d) Food resources; e) Energy
resources; f) Land resources: Role of an individual in conservation of natural resources.
Unit 2 10hours
 Ecosystems
 Concept of an ecosystem.
 Structure and function of an ecosystem.
 Introduction, types, characteristic features, structure and function of the ecosystems: Forest
ecosystem; Grassland ecosystem; Desert ecosystem; Aquatic ecosystems (ponds, streams,
lakes, rivers, oceans, estuaries)
Unit 3 10 hours
 Environmental Pollution: Air pollution; Water pollution; Soil pollution
Recommended Books (Latest edition):
1. Y.K. Sing, Environmental Science, New Age International Pvt, Publishers, Bangalore
2. Agarwal, K.C. 2001 Environmental Biology, Nidi Publ. Ltd. Bikaner.
3. Bharucha Erach, The Biodiversity of India, Mapin Pu blishing Pvt. Ltd.,
4. Ahmedabad – 380 013, India,
5. Brunner R.C., 1989, Hazardous Waste Incineration, McGraw Hill Inc. 480p
6. Clark R.S., Marine Pollution, Clanderson Press Oxford
7. Cunningham, W.P. Cooper, T.H. Gorhani, E & Hepworth,
M.T. 2001, Environmental Encyclopedia, Jaico Publ. House, Mumbai, 1196p
8. De A.K., Environmental Chemistry, Wiley Eastern Ltd.
9. Down of Earth, Centre for Science and Environment

Page 79 of 214
SEMESTER III

Page 80 of 214
[Link] SEMESTER – III
PHARMACEUTICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-II
Subject code: BP301T
Theory (3 Hours / Week; 4 Credits, 45 Hours)
Teaching Scheme Evaluation Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Total Theory Practical
External Internal External Internal
3 1 4 8 75 25 35 15

Scope: This subject deals with general methods of preparation and reactions of someorganic
compounds. Reactivity of organic compounds are also studied here. The syllabus emphasizes on
mechanisms and orientation of reactions. Chemistry of fats and oils are also included in the syllabus.

Objectives: Upon completion of the course the student shall be able to

 write the structure, name and the type of isomerism of the organic compound
 write the reaction, name the reaction and orientation of reactions
 account for reactivity/stability of compounds,
 prepare organic compounds

Course outcomes:The course will help the student to have:

CO1: A good understanding of the history and basic concepts of organic chemistry. Students
should be able to describe in detail synthetic approaches as well as mechanisms of action of
some important organic base therapeutic and diagnostic agents.
CO2: The course may help the students in understanding rational approaches towards the design
of important therapeutic agents and their biological implications.

Course Content:
 General methods of preparation and reactions of compounds superscripted with asterisk (*) to
be explained
 To emphasize on definition, types, classification, principles/mechanisms, applications,
examples and differences
Unit 1 10 Hours
 Benzene and its derivatives
A. Analytical, synthetic and other evidences in the derivation of structure of benzene,
Orbital picture, resonance in benzene, aromatic characters, Huckel’s rule

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B. Reactions of benzene - nitration, sulphonation, halogenation- reactivity, Friedelcrafts
alkylation- reactivity, limitations, Friedelcrafts acylation.
C. Substituents, effect of substituents on reactivity and orientation of mono substituted
benzene compounds towards electrophilic substitution reaction
D. Structure and uses of DDT, Saccharin, BHC and Chloramine
Unit 2 10 Hours
 Phenols* - Acidity of phenols, effect of substituents on acidity, qualitative tests, Structure and
uses of phenol, cresols, resorcinol, naphthols
 Aromatic Amines* - Basicity of amines, effect of substituents on basicity, and synthetic uses
of aryl diazonium salts
 Aromatic Acids* –Acidity, effect of substituents on acidit y and important reactions of
benzoic acid.
Unit 3 10 Hours
 Fats and Oils
A. Fatty acids – reactions.
B. Hydrolysis, Hydrogenation, Saponification and Rancidity of oils, Drying oils.
C. Analytical constants – Acid value, Saponification value, Ester value, Iodine value, Acetyl
value, Reichert Meissl (RM) value – significance and principle involved in their
determination.
Unit 4 08 Hours
 Polynuclear hydrocarbons:
A. Synthesis, reactions
B. Structure and medicinal uses of Naphthalene, Phenanthrene, Anthracene, Diphenylmethane,
Triphenylmethane and their derivatives
Unit 5 07 Hours
 Cyclo alkanes*
Stabilities – Baeyer’s strain theory, limitation of Baeyer’s strain theory, Coulson and Moffitt’s
modification, Sachse Mohr’s theory (Theory of strainless rings), reactions of cyclopropane and
cyclobutane only

Page 82 of 214
BP305P. PHARMACEUTICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY -II (Practical)
4 Hrs/week
I. Experiments involving laboratory techniques
1. Recrystallization
2. Steam distillation
II. Determination of following oil values (including standardization of reagents)
1. Acid value
2. Saponification value
3. Iodine value
III. Preparation of compounds
1. Benzanilide/Phenyl benzoate/Acetanilide from Aniline/Phenol
2. /Aniline by acylation reaction.
3. 2,4,6-Tribromo aniline/Para bromo acetanilide from Aniline/
4. Acetanilide by halogenation (Bromination) reaction.
5. 5-Nitro salicylic acid/Meta di nitro benzene from Salicylic acid / Nitro benzene by
nitration reaction.
6. Benzoic acid from Benzyl chloride by oxidation reaction.
7. Benzoic acid/ Salicylic acid from alkyl benzoate/ alkyl salicylate by hydrolysis reaction.
8. 1-Phenyl azo-2-napthol from Aniline by diazotization and coupling reactions.
9. Benzil from Benzoin by oxidation reaction.
10. Dibenzal acetone from Benzaldehyde by Claison Schmidt reaction
11. Cinnammic acid from Benzaldehyde by Perkin reaction
12. P-Iodo benzoic acid from P-amino benzoic acid
Recommended Books (Latest Editions)
1. Organic Chemistry by Morrison and Boyd
2. Organic Chemistry by I.L. Finar , Volume-I
3. Textbook of Organic Chemistry by B.S. Bahl & Arun Bahl.
4. Organic Chemistry by [Link]
5. Practical Organic Chemistry by Mann and Saunders.
6. Vogel’s text book of Practical Organic Chemistry
7. Advanced Practical organic chemistry by [Link].
8. Introduction to Organic Laboratory techniques by Pavia, Lampman and Kriz.

Page 83 of 214
[Link] SEMESTER – III
PHYSICAL PHARMACEUTICS-I
Subject code: BP302T
Theory (3 Hours / Week; 4 Credits, 45 Hours)
Teaching Scheme Evaluation Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Total Theory Practical
External Internal External Internal
3 1 4 8 75 25 35 15

Scope: The course deals with the various physica and physicochemical properties, and principles
involved in dosage forms/formulations. Theory and practical components of the subject help the
student to get a better insight into various areas of formulation research and development, and
stability studies of pharmaceutical dosage forms.

Objectives: Upon the completion of the course student shall be able to

 Understand various physicochemical properties of drug molecules in the designing
the dosage forms
 Know the principles of chemical kinetics & to use them for stability testing nad determination
of expiry date of formulations
 Demonstrate use of physicochemical properties in the formulation development and evaluation
of dosage forms.

Course outcomes: By the end of this course, the student should have:
CO1: A good understanding of the basic concepts of derive properties and measurements powders,
rheological properties of liquids and mixing of materials in various field of pharmacy.
CO2: Students should be able to know the methods of preparation of different buffer solution and
Complexation of polymer and drug material.

Course content:
Unit 1 10 Hours
Solubility of drugs: Solubility expressions, mechanisms of solute solvent interactions, ideal
solubility parameters, solvation & association, quantitative approach to the factors influencing
solubility of drugs, diffusion principles in biological systems. Solubility of gas in liquids,
solubility of liquids in liquids, (Binary solutions, ideal solutions) Raoult’s law, real solutions.
Partially miscible liquids, Critical solution temperature and applications. Distribution law, its
limitations and applications

Page 84 of 214
Unit 2 10Hour
States of Matter and properties of matter :State of matter, changes in the state of matter, latent
heats, vapour pressure, sublimation critical point, eutectic mixtures, gases, aerosols – inhalers,
relative humidity, liquid complexes, liquid crystals, glassy states, solid- crystalline, amorphous
& polymorphism.
Physicochemical properties of drug molecules: Refractive index, optical rotation, dielectric
constant, dipole moment, dissociation constant, determinations and applications
Unit 3 08 Hours
Surface and interfacial phenomenon: Liquid interface, surface & interfacial tensions, surface
free energy, measurement of surface & interfacial tensions, spreading coefficient, adsorption at
liquid interfaces, surface active agents, HLB Scale, solubilisation, detergency, adsorption at
solid interface.
Unit 4 08 Hours
Complexation and protein binding: Introduction, Classification of Complexation,
Applications, methods of analysis, protein binding, Complexation and drug action, crystalline
structures of complexes and thermodynamic treatment of stability constants.
Unit 5 07 Hours
pH, buffers and Isotonic solutions: Sorensen’s pH scale, pH determination (electrometric and
calorimetric), applications of buffers, buffer equation, buffer capacity, buffers in pharmaceutical
and biological systems, buffered isotonic solutions.

Page 85 of 214
BP306P. PHYSICAL PHARMACEUTICS – I (Practical)
4 hrs/week
1. Determination the solubility of drug at room temperature.
2. Determination of pKa value by Half Neutralization/ Henderson Hasselbalch equation.
3. Determination of Partition coefficient of benzoic acid in benzene and water
4. Determination of Partition coefficient of Iodine in CCl4 and water
5. Determination of % composition of NaCl in a solution using phenol-water system by CST
method
6. Determination of surface tension of given liquids by drop count and drop weight method
7. Determination of HLB number of a surfactant by saponification method
8. Determination of Freundlich and Langmuir constants using activated char coal
9. Determination of critical micellar concentration of surfactants
10. Determination of stability constant and donor acceptor ratio of PABA-Caffeine complex by
solubility method
11. Determination of stability constant and donor acceptor ratio of Cupric-Glycine complex by pH
titration method

Recommended Books: (Latest Editions)

1. Physical Pharmacy by Alfred Martin
2. Experimental Pharmaceutics by Eugene, Parott.
3. Tutorial Pharmacy by Cooper and Gunn.
4. Stocklosam J. Pharmaceutical Calculations, Lea &Febiger, Philadelphia.
5. Liberman H.A, Lachman C., Pharmaceutical Dosage forms, Tablets, Volume-1 to 3,
MarcelDekkar Inc.
6. Liberman H.A, Lachman C, Pharmaceutical Dosage forms. Disperse systems, volume 1,
2, 3. Marcel Dekkar Inc.
7. Physical Pharmaceutics by Ramasamy C and ManavalanR.
8. Laboratory Manual of Physical Pharmaceutics, C.V.S. Subramanyam, J. Thimma settee
9. Physical Pharmaceutics by C.V.S. Subramanyam
10. Test book of Physical Phramacy, by Gaurav Jain & Roop K. Khar

Page 86 of 214
[Link] SEMESTER – III
PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY
Subject code: BP303T
Theory (3 Hours / Week; 4 Credits, 45 Hours)
Teaching Scheme Evaluation Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Total Theory Practical
External Internal External Internal
3 1 4 8 75 25 35 15

Scope: Study of all categories of microorganisms especially for the production of antibiotics, vaccines,
vitamins enzymes etc..

Objectives: Upon completion of the subject student shall be able to;

 Understand methods of identification, cultivation and preservation of various
microorganisms
 To understand the importance and implementation of sterlization in pharmaceutical processing
and industry
 Learn sterility testing of pharmaceutical products.
 Carried out microbiological standardization of Pharmaceuticals.
 Understand the cell culture technology and its applications in pharmaceutical industries.

Course outcomes: The students provide:

CO1: Understand about the growth cycle of microorganisms including effects of various chemical
agents on their growth and various staining techniques used for identification of
microorganisms by using microscope.
CO2: Describe the various methods used for controlling the growth of microorganisms in various
fields of pharmaceutical industries.
CO3: Describe various tests for detection of presence of microorganisms in sterile and non-sterile
dosage forms. Do cultivation and identification of the microorganisms in the laboratory
appreciate the behavior of motility and behavioral characteristics of microorganisms.

Course content
Unit 1 10 Hours
 Introduction, history of microbiology, its branches, scope and its importance.
 Introduction to Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
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 Study of ultra-structure and morphological classification of bacteria, nutritional
requirements, raw materials used for culture media and physical parameters for growth,
growth curve, isolation and preservation methods for pure cultures, cultivation of anaerobes,
quantitative measurement of bacterial growth (total & viable count).
 Study of different types of phase constrast microscopy, dark field microscopy and electron
microscopy.
Unit 2 10 Hours
 Identification of bacteria using staining techniques (simple, Gram’s &Acid fast staining) and
biochemical tests (IMViC).
 Study of principle, procedure, merits, demerits and applications of physical, chemical
gaseous,radiation and mechanical method of sterilization.
 Evaluation of the efficiency of sterilization methods.
 Equipments employed in large scale sterilization. Sterility indicators.
Unit 3 10 Hours
 Study of morphology, classification, reproduction/replication and cultivation of Fungi and
Viruses.
 Classification and mode of action of disinfectants
 Factors influencing disinfection, antiseptics and their evaluation. For bacteriostatic and
bactericidal actions
 Evaluation of bactericidal & Bacteriostatic.
 Sterility testing of products (solids, liquids, ophthalmic and other sterile products) according
to IP, BP and USP.
Unit 4 08 Hours
 Designing of aseptic area, laminar flow equipments; study of different sources of
contamination in an aseptic area and methods of prevention, clean area classification.
 Principles and methods of different microbiological assay. Methods for standardization of
antibiotics, vitamins and amino acids.
 Assessment of a new antibiotic.
Unit 5 07 Hours
 Types of spoilage, factors affecting the microbial spoilage of pharmaceutical products, sources
and types of microbial contaminants, assessment of microbial contamination and spoilage.
 Preservation of pharmaceutical products using antimicrobial agents, evaluation of microbial
stability of formulations.
 Growth of animal cells in culture, general procedure for cell culture, Primary, established and
transformed cell cultures.
 Application of cell cultures in pharmaceutical industry and research.
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BP [Link] MICROBIOLOGY (Practical)
4 Hrs/week
1. Introduction and study of different equipments and processing, e.g., B.O.D. incubator,
laminar flow, aseptic hood, autoclave, hot air sterilizer, deep freezer, refrigerator,
microscopes used in experimental microbiology.
2. Sterilization of glassware, preparation and sterilization of media.
3. Sub culturing of bacteria and fungus. Nutrient stabs and slants preparations.
4. Staining methods- Simple, Grams staining and acid fast staining (Demonstration with
practical).
5. Isolation of pure culture of micro-organisms by multiple streak plate technique and other
techniques.
6. Microbiological assay of antibiotics by cup plate method and other methods
7. Motility determination by Hanging drop method.
8. Sterility testing of pharmaceuticals.
9. Bacteriological analysis of water
10. Biochemical test.
Recommended Books (Latest edition)
1. W.B. Hugo and A.D. Russel: Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Blackwell Scientific publications,
Oxford London.
2. Prescott and Dunn., Industrial Microbiology, 4th edition, CBS Publishers & Distributors, Delhi.
3. Pelczar, Chan Kreig, Microbiology, Tata McGraw Hill edn.
4. Malcolm Harris, Balliere Tindall and Cox: Pharmaceutical Microbiology.
5. Rose: Industrial Microbiology.
6. Probisher, Hinsdill et al: Fundamentals of Microbiology, 9th ed. Japan
7. Cooper and Gunn’s: Tutorial Pharmacy, CBS Publisher and Distribution.
8. Peppler: Microbial Technology.
9. I.P., B.P., U.S.P.- latest editions.
10. Ananthnarayan : Text Book of Microbiology, Orient-Longman, Chennai
11. Edward: Fundamentals of Microbiology.
12. [Link]: Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Vallabh Prakashan, Delhi
13. Bergeys manual of systematic bacteriology, Williams and Wilkins- A Waverly company

Page 89 of 214
[Link] SEMESTER – III
PHARMACEUTICAL ENGINEERING
Subject code: BP304T
Theory (3 Hours / Week; 4 Credits, 45 Hours)
Teaching Scheme Evaluation Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Total Theory Practical
External Internal External Internal
3 1 4 8 75 25 35 15

Scope: This course is designed to impart a fundamental knowledge on the art and science of various unit
operations used in pharmaceutical industry.

Objectives: Upon completion of the course student shall be able:

 To know various unit operations used in Pharmaceutical industries.
 To understand the material handling techniques.
 To perform various processes involved in pharmaceutical manufacturing process.
 To carry out various test to prevent environmental pollution.
 To appreciate and comprehend significance of plant lay out design for optimum use of
resources.
 To appreciate the various preventive methods used for corrosion control in Pharmaceutical
industries.

Course outcomes: By the end of this course, the student should have:
CO1: A good understanding of the basic concepts of clarification and purification of solid and
liquid raw materials in pharmacy.
CO2: Students should be able to know the appropriate instrumental requirement for different types
of unit operations used in pharmaceutical industry.

Course content:
Unit 1 10 Hours
 Flow of fluids: Types of manometers, Reynolds number and its significance, Bernoulli’s
theorem and its applications, Energy losses, Orifice meter, Venturimeter, Pitot tube and
Rotometer.
 Size Reduction: Objectives, Mechanisms & Laws governing size reduction, factors affecting
size reduction, principles, construction, working, uses, merits and demerits of Hammer mill,
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ball mill, fluid energy mill, Edge runner mill & end runner mill.
 Size Separation: Objectives, applications & mechanism of size separation, official standards
of powders, sieves, size separation Principles, construction, working, uses, merits and
demerits of Sieve shaker, cyclone separator, Air separator, Bag filter & elutriation tank.
Unit 2 10 Hours
 Heat Transfer: Objectives, applications & Heat transfer mechanisms. Fourier’s law, Heat
transfer by conduction, convection & radiation. Heat interchangers & heat exchangers.
 Evaporation: Objectives, applications and factors influencing evaporation, differences
between evaporation and other heat process. principles, construction, working, uses, merits
and demerits of Steam jacketed kettle, horizontal tube evaporator, climbing film evaporator,
forced circulation evaporator, multiple effect evaporator& Economy of multiple effect
evaporator.
 Distillation: Basic Principles and methodology of simple distillation,flash distillation,
fractional distillation, distillation under reduced pressure, steam distillation & molecular
distillation
Unit 3 08 Hours
 Drying: Objectives, applications & mechanism of drying process, measurements &
applications of Equilibrium Moisture content, rate of drying curve. principles, construction,
working, uses, merits and demerits of Tray dryer, drum dryer spray dryer, fluidized bed dryer,
vacuum dryer, freeze dryer.
 Mixing: Objectives, applications & factors affecting mixing, Difference between solid and
liquid mixing, mechanism of solid mixing, liquids mixing and semisolids mixing. Principles,
Construction, Working, uses, Merits and Demerits of Double cone blender, twin shell
blender, ribbon blender, Sigma blade mixer, planetary mixers, Propellers, Turbines, Paddles
& Silverson Emulsifier,
Unit 4 08 Hours
 Filtration: Objectives, applications, Theories & Factors influencing filtration, filter aids, filter
medias. Principle, Construction, Working, Uses, Merits and demerits of plate & frame filter,
filter leaf, rotary drum filter, Meta filter & Cartridge filter, membrane filters and Seidtz filter.
 Centrifugation: Objectives, principle & applications of Centrifugation, principles,
construction, working, uses, merits and demerits of Perforated basket centrifuge, Non-
perforated basket centrifuge, semi continuous centrifuge & super centrifuge.
Unit 5 07 Hours
 Materials of pharmaceutical plant construction, Corrosion and its prevention: Factors
affecting during materials selected for Pharmaceutical plant construction, Theories of
corrosion, types of corrosion and there prevention. Ferrous and nonferrous metals, inorganic
and organic non metals, basic of material handling systems.

Page 91 of 214
BP308P - PHARMACEUTICAL ENGINEERING (Practical)
4 Hours/week
1. Determination of radiation constant of brass, iron, unpainted and painted glass.
2. Steam distillation – To calculate the efficiency of steam distillation.
3. To determine the overall heat transfer coefficient by heat exchanger.
4. Construction of drying curves (for calcium carbonate and starch).
5. Determination of moisture content and loss on drying.
6. Determination of humidity of air – i) From wet and dry bulb temperatures –use of Dew point
method.
7. Description of Construction working and application of Pharmaceutical Machinery such as
rotary tablet machine, fluidized bed coater, fluid energy mill, de humidifier.
8. Size analysis by sieving – To evaluate size distribution of tablet granulations – Construction of
various size frequency curves including arithmetic andlogarithmic probability plots.
9. Size reduction: To verify the laws of size reduction using ball mill and determining Kicks,
Rittinger’s, Bond’s coefficients, power requirement and critical speed of Ball Mill.
10. Demonstration of colloid mill, planetary mixer, fluidized bed dryer, freeze dryer and such
othermajor equipment.
11. Factors affecting Rate of Filtration and Evaporation (Surface area, Concentration and
Thickness/ viscosity
12. To study the effect of time on the Rate of Crystallization.
13. To calculate the uniformity Index for given sample by using Double Cone Blender.
Recommended Books: (Latest Editions)
1. Introduction to chemical engineering – Walter L Badger & Julius Banchero, Latest edition.
2. Solid phase extraction, Principles, techniques and applications by Nigel J.K. Simpson- Latest
edition.
3. Unit operation of chemical engineering – Mcabe Smith, Latest edition.
4. Pharmaceutical engineering principles and practices – C.V.S Subrahmanyam et al., Latest
edition.
5. Remington practice of pharmacy- Martin, Latest edition.
6. Theory and practice of industrial pharmacy by Lachmann., Latest edition.
7. Physical pharmaceutics- C.V.S Subrahmanyam et al., Latest edition.
8. Cooper and Gunn’s Tutorial pharmacy, S.J. Carter, Latest edition.

Page 92 of 214
[Link] SEMESTER – III
MANAGEMENT PROCESS AND ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR
Subject code: BP309T
Theory (3 Hours / Week; 3 Credits, 45 Hours)
Teaching Scheme Evaluation Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Total Theory Practical
External Internal External Internal
3 0 0 3 75 25 0 0

Scope: This course will expose the students to the different functions performed by managers and the
roles they have to assume for those functions. It will also provide an overview of the skills required by
managers for the different roles and functions. In addition, the course will help students to understand
human beings and what motivates them for higher performance in organizational settings.

Objective of the Course:

 To expose the students to the different functions performed by managers, the roles they have
to play for those functions , and the knowledge and skills they have to develop for the roles
through real life examples and cases;
 To help the students develop an understanding of concepts and tools like MBO and SWOT to
develop proficiency in the planning of activities of an organization.
 To enable the students to appreciate the importance of entrepreneurship, innovation and
leadership and to help them realize the need for collaboration and networking in the
management of any functional area of management;
 To provide the necessary foundation for all other courses based on management practices
across the world
 To expose the students to the environmental and organisational context, cognitive processes
and dynamics of organisational behavior; and

Course outcomes: At the end of the course, the participant should have:
CO1: Clear exposure to the functional areas of management and the roles managers assume for
managerial performance.
CO2: To enable them to manage and lead for high performance with the human being at the centre
of the organisation.

Page 93 of 214
Course Content:
Unit 1 8 hours
Foundations of Management
 Managing
 The Excellent Environment and Organizational Culture
 Managerial Decision Making
Unit 2 7 hours
Planning and Strategizing
 Planning and Strategic Management
 Ethics, Ethical Behaviour in Organizations and Corporate Responsibility
 International Management
 Entrepreneurship
Unit 3 8 hours
 Organizing
 Organization Structure
 Organizational Agility
 Human Resource Management, Especially with Diverse Work Force
 Types of Organizations and Basis for Choice of Different Types
Unit 4 7 hours
 Leading
 Leadership
 Leadership Styles and Skills
 Theories of Leadership
 Teamwork and Negotiation
Unit 5 5 hours
 Controlling
 Managerial Control
 Managing Technology and Innovation
 Creating and Managing Change
Unit 6 3 hours
 Organizational Culture

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 Organizational Theory
 Creating and Maintaining Organizational Culture
 Rewards and Recognition in Organizational Settings
Unit 7 3 hours
 Cognitive Processes of Organizational Behavior
 Meaning and Types of Personality
 Nature and Dimensions of Attitude
 Organizational Commitment
 Motives, Motivation and Theories
Unit 8 3 hours
 Dynamics of Organizational Behavior
 Cause and Effect of Stress
 Concept and Types of Conflict
 Coping Strategies for Stress and Conflict
 Political Implications of Power
Unit 9 3 hours
 Contemporary Issues in Management
Reference Books
1. Weihrich Heinz and Koontz Harold (2008), Management: A Global and Entrepreneurial
Perspective, Tata McGraw-Hill
2. Stoner, Freeman & Gilbert Jr., Management, Prentice Hall of India
3. Kaul, Asha, Business Communication, PHI, New Delhi.
4. Kaul, Asha, Effective Business Communication, PHI, New Delhi.
5. Chaturvedi, P.D., and Mukesh Chaturvedi, Business Communication, Pearson Education
6. McGrath, E.H., Basic Managerial Skills for All, PHI, New Delhi
7. Slocum, Helrigel, Organisational Behaviour, Thomson/Cengage
8. Udai Pareek (2008), Understanding Organisational Behaviour, Oxford University Press

Page 95 of 214
SEMESTER IV

Page 96 of 214
[Link] SEMESTER – IV
PHARMACEUTICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-III
Subject code: BP401T
Theory (3 Hours / Week; 4 Credits, 45 Hours)
Teaching Scheme Evaluation Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Total Theory Practical
External Internal External Internal
3 1 0 4 75 25 0 0

Scope: This subject imparts knowledge on stereo-chemical aspects of organic compounds and organic
reactions, important named reactions, chemistry of important hetero cyclic compounds. It also
emphasizes on medicinal and other uses of organic compounds.

Objectives: At the end of the course, the student shall be able to

 Understand the methods of preparation and properties of organic compounds
 Explain the stereo chemical aspects of organic compounds and stereo chemical reactions
 Know the medicinal uses and other applications of organic compounds

Course outcomes: At graduation, chemistry majors should have:

CO1: A set of fundamental competencies that are knowledge-based, performance/skills-based,
and affective.
CO2: Graduates will be able to solve problems competently by identifying the essential parts of a
problem and formulating a strategy for solving the problem.
CO3: They will be able to rationally estimate the solution to a problem, apply appropriate
techniques to arrive at a solution, test the correctness of the solution, and interpret their
results.

Course Content:
Note: To emphasize on definition, types, mechanisms, examples, uses/applications
Unit 1 10 Hours
Stereo isomerism (Optical isomerism) –
 Optical activity, enantiomerism, diastereoisomerism, meso compounds Elements of symmetry,
chiral and achiral molecules
 DL system of nomenclature of optical isomers, sequence rules, RS system of nomenclature
of optical isomers

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 Reactions of chiral molecules
 Racemic modification and resolution of racemic mixture. Asymmetric synthesis: partial and
absolute
Unit 2 10 Hours
Geometrical isomerism
 Nomenclature of geometrical isomers (Cis Trans, EZ, Syn Anti systems)
 Methods of determination of configuration of geometrical isomers. Conformational isomerism
in Ethane, n-Butane and Cyclohexane.
 Stereo isomerism in biphenyl compounds (Atropisomerism) and conditions for optical
activity.
 Stereospecific and stereoselective reactions
Unit 3 10 Hours
Heterocyclic compounds:
 Nomenclature and classification
 Synthesis, reactions and medicinal uses of following compounds/derivatives Pyrrole, Furan, and
Thiophene
 Relative aromaticity and reactivity of Pyrrole, Furan and Thiophene
Unit 4 8 Hours
Synthesis, reactions and medicinal uses of following compounds/derivatives
 Pyrazole, Imidazole, Oxazole and Thiazole.
 Pyridine, Quinoline, Isoquinoline, Acridine and Indole. Basicity of pyridine Synthesis and
medicinal uses of Pyrimidine, Purine, azepines and their derivatives
Unit 5 07 Hours
Reactions of synthetic importance
 Metal hydride reduction (NaBH4 and LiAlH4), Clemmensen reduction, Birch reduction, Wolff
Kishner reduction.
 Oppenauer-oxidation and Dakin reaction.
 Beckmanns rearrangement and Schmidt rearrangement. Claisen-Schmidt condensation
Recommended Books (Latest Editions)
1. Organic chemistry by I.L. Finar, Volume-I & II.
2. A text book of organic chemistry – Arun Bahl, B.S. Bahl.
3. Heterocyclic Chemistry by Raj K. Bansal
4. Organic Chemistry by Morrison and Boyd
5. Heterocyclic Chemistry by T.L. Gilchrist
Page 98 of 214
[Link] SEMESTER – IV
MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY-I
Subject code: BP402T
Theory (3 Hours / Week; 4 Credits, 45 Hours)
Teaching Scheme Evaluation Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Total Theory Practical
External Internal External Internal
3 1 4 8 75 25 35 15

Scope: This subject is designed to impart fundamental knowledge on the structure, chemistry and
therapeutic value of drugs. The subject emphasizes on structure activity relationships of drugs,
importance of physicochemical properties and metabolism of drugs. The syllabus also emphasizes on
chemical synthesis of important drugs under each class.

Objectives: Upon completion of the course the student shall be able to

 understand the chemistry of drugs with respect to their pharmacological activity
 understand the drug metabolic pathways, adverse effect and therapeutic value of drugs
 know the Structural Activity Relationship (SAR) of different class of drugs
 write the chemical synthesis of some drugs

Course outcomes:
CO1: Know the basic concepts of medicinal chemistry, its scope and various branches. Know the
mechanism of action and effects of drugs on various organs of the body.
CO2: To study about chemistry of individual drug molecule. To study about drug interactions and
adverse effects.
CO3: To study in detail about the SAR (structure activity relationship) of different classes of
drugs. Know about the development of new drug.
CO4: To study separation techniques (physical and chemical) of mixture component and
identification methods of the same.

Course Content:
Study of the development of the following classes of drugs, Classification, mechanism of action,
uses of drugs mentioned in the course, Structure activity relationship of selective class of drugs
as specified in the course and synthesis of drugs superscripted (*)
Unit 1 10 Hours

Page 99 of 214
 Introduction to Medicinal Chemistry
 History and development of medicinal chemistry
 Physicochemical properties in relation to biological action
o Ionization, Solubility, Partition Coefficient, Hydrogen bonding, Protein binding,
Chelation, Bioisosterism, Optical and Geometrical isomerism.
 Drug metabolism
o Drug metabolism principles- Phase I and Phase II.
o Factors affecting drug metabolism including stereo chemical aspects.
Unit 2 10 Hours
 Drugs acting on Autonomic Nervous System
 Adrenergic Neurotransmitters:
o Biosynthesis and catabolism of catecholamine.
o Adrenergic receptors (Alpha & Beta) and their distribution.
 Sympathomimetic agents: SAR of Sympathomimetic agents
o Direct acting: Nor-epinephrine, Epinephrine, Phenylephrine*, Dopamine,
o Methyldopa, Clonidine, Dobutamine, Isoproterenol, Terbutaline, Salbutamol*,
Bitolterol, Naphazoline, Oxymetazoline and Xylometazoline.
o Indirect actin agents: Hydroxyamphetamine, Pseudoephedrine, Propylhexedrine.
o Agents with mixed mechanism: Ephedrine, Metaraminol.
 Adrenergic Antagonists:
o Alpha adrenergic blockers: Tolazoline*, Phentolamine, Phenoxybenzamine,
Prazosin, Dihydroergotamine, Methysergide.
o Beta adrenergic blockers: SAR of beta blockers, Propranolol*, Metibranolol,
Atenolol, Betazolol, Bisoprolol, Esmolol, Metoprolol, Labetolol, Carvedilol.
Unit 3 10 Hours
 Cholinergic neurotransmitters:
o Biosynthesis and catabolism of acetylcholine.
o Cholinergic receptors (Muscarinic & Nicotinic) and their distribution.
 Parasympathomimetic agents: SAR of Parasympathomimetic agents Direct acting agents:
Acetylcholine, Carbachol*, Bethanechol, Methacholine, Pilocarpine.
 Indirect acting/ Cholinesterase inhibitors (Reversible & Irreversible): Physostigmine,
Neostigmine*, Pyridostigmine, Edrophonium chloride, Tacrine hydrochloride, Ambenonium
chloride, Isofluorphate, Echothiophate iodide, Parathione, Malathion.
 Cholinesterase reactivator: Pralidoxime chloride.
Page 100 of 214
 Cholinergic Blocking agents: SAR of cholinolytic agents
o Solanaceous alkaloids and analogues: Atropine sulphate, Hyoscyamine sulphate,
Scopolamine hydrobromide, Homatropine hydrobromide, Ipratropium bromide*.
o Synthetic cholinergic blocking agents: Tropicamide, Cyclopentolate hydrochloride,
Clidinium bromide, Dicyclomine hydrochloride*, Glycopyrrolate, Methantheline
bromide, Propantheline bromide, Benztropine mesylate, Orphenadrine citrate,
Biperidine hydrochloride, Procyclidine hydrochloride*, Tridihexethyl chloride,
Isopropamide iodide, Ethopropazine hydrochloride.
Unit 4 08 Hours
Drugs acting on Central Nervous System
A. Sedatives and Hypnotics:
Benzodiazepines: SAR of Benzodiazepines, Chlordiazepoxide, Diazepam*, Oxazepam,
Chlorazepate, Lorazepam, Alprazolam, Zolpidem
Barbiturtes: SAR of barbiturates, Barbital*, Phenobarbital, Mephobarbital, Amobarbital,
Butabarbital, Pentobarbital, Secobarbital
Miscelleneous:
Amides & imides: Glutethmide.
Alcohol & their carbamate derivatives: Meprobomate, Ethchlorvynol. Aldehyde & their derivatives:
Triclofos sodium, Paraldehyde.
B. Antipsychotics
Phenothiazeines: SAR of Phenothiazeines - Promazine hydrochloride, Chlorpromazine
hydrochloride*, Triflupromazine, Thioridazine hydrochloride, Piperacetazine hydrochloride,
Prochlorperazine maleate, Trifluoperazine hydrochloride.
Ring Analogues of Phenothiazeines: Chlorprothixene, Thiothixene, Loxapine succinate,
Clozapine.
Fluro buterophenones: Haloperidol, Droperidol, Risperidone.
Beta amino ketones: Molindone hydrochloride.
Benzamides: Sulpieride.
C. Anticonvulsants: SAR of Anticonvulsants, mechanism of anticonvulsant action
Barbiturates: Phenobarbitone, Methabarbital. Hydantoins: Phenytoin*, Mephenytoin, Ethotoin
Oxazolidine diones: Trimethadione, Paramethadione Succinimides: Phensuximide,
Methsuximide, Ethosuximide* Urea and monoacylureas: Phenacemide, Carbamazepine*
Benzodiazepines: Clonazepam
Miscellaneous: Primidone, Valproic acid, Gabapentin, Felbamate
Unit 5 07 Hours
Drugs acting on Central Nervous SystemGeneral anesthetics:

Page 101 of 214

Inhalation anesthetics: Halothane*, Methoxyflurane, Enflurane, Sevoflurane, Isoflurane,
Desflurane.
Ultra short acting barbitutrates: Methohexital sodium*, Thiamylal sodium, Thiopental sodium.
Dissociative anesthetics: Ketamine hydrochloride.*
Narcotic and non-narcotic analgesics
Morphine and related drugs: SAR of Morphine analogues, Morphine sulphate, Codeine,
Meperidine hydrochloride, Anilerdine hydrochloride, Diphenoxylate hydrochloride, Loperamide
hydrochloride, Fentanyl citrate*, Methadone hydrochloride*, Propoxyphene hydrochloride,
Pentazocine, Levorphanol tartarate.
Narcotic antagonists: Nalorphine hydrochloride, Levallorphan tartarate, Naloxone hydrochloride.
Anti-inflammatory agents: Sodium salicylate, Aspirin, Mefenamic acid*, Meclofenamate,
Indomethacin, Sulindac, Tolmetin, Zomepriac, Diclofenac, Ketorolac, Ibuprofen*, Naproxen,
Piroxicam, Phenacetin, Acetaminophen, Antipyrine, Phenylbutazone.

Page 102 of 214

BP406P. MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY – I (Practical)
4 Hours/Week
I. Preparation of drugs/ intermediates
1. 1,3-pyrazole
2. 1,3-oxazole
3. Benzimidazole
4. Benztriazole
5. 2,3- diphenyl quinoxaline
6. Benzocaine
7. Phenytoin
8. Phenothiazine
9. Barbiturate
II. Assay of drugs
1. Chlorpromazine
2. Phenobarbitone
3. Atropine
4. Ibuprofen
5. Aspirin
6. Furosemide
III. Determination of Partition coefficient for any two drugs

Recommended Books (Latest Editions)

1. Wilson and Giswold’s Organic medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry.
2. Foye’s Principles of Medicinal Chemistry.
3. Burger’s Medicinal Chemistry, Vol I to IV.
4. Introduction to principles of drug design- Smith and Williams.
5. Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences.
6. Martindale’s extra pharmacopoeia.
7. Organic Chemistry by I.L. Finar, Vol. II.
8. The Organic Chemistry of Drug Synthesis by Lednicer, Vol. 1-5.
9. Indian Pharmacopoeia.
10. Text book of practical organic chemistry- [Link].

Page 103 of 214

[Link] SEMESTER – IV
PHYSICAL PHARMACEUTICS-II
Subject code: BP403T
Theory (3 Hours / Week; 4 Credits, 45 Hours)
Teaching Scheme Evaluation Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Total Theory Practical
External Internal External Internal
3 1 4 8 75 25 35 15

Objectives: Upon the completion of the course student shall be able to

 Understand various physicochemical properties of drug molecules in the designing the
dosage forms
 Know the principles of chemical kinetics & to use them for stability testing nad determination
of expiry date of formulations
 Demonstrate use of physicochemical properties in the formulation development and evaluation
of dosage forms.

Course outcomes: By the end of this course, the student should have:
 CO1: A good understanding of the basic concepts of derive properties and measurements
powders, rheological properties of liquids and mixing of materials in various field of pharmacy.
 CO2: Students should be able to know the methods of preparation of different buffer solution
and Complexation of polymer and drug material.

Course Content:
Unit 1 07 Hours
 Colloidal dispersions: Classification of dispersed systems & their general characteristics, size
& shapes of colloidal particles, classification of colloids & comparative account of their
general properties. Optical, kinetic & electrical properties. Effect of electrolytes, coacervation,
peptization& protective action.
Unit 2 10 Hours
 Rheology: Newtonian systems, law of flow, kinematic viscosity, effect of temperature, non-
Page 104 of 214
Newtonian systems, pseudoplastic, dilatant, plastic, thixotropy, thixotropy in formulation,
determination of viscosity, capillary, falling Sphere, rotational viscometers
 Deformation of solids: Plastic and elastic deformation, Heckel equation, Stress, Strain,
Elastic Modulus
Unit 3 10 Hours
 Coarse dispersion: Suspension, interfacial properties of suspended particles, settling in
suspensions, formulation of flocculated and deflocculated suspensions. Emulsions and
theories of emulsification, microemulsion and multiple emulsions; Stability of emulsions,
preservation of emulsions, rheological properties of emulsions and emulsion formulation by
HLB method.
Unit 4 10 Hours
 Micromeretics: Particle size and distribution, mean particle size, number and weight
distribution, particle number, methods for determining particle size by different methods,
counting and separation method, particle shape, specific surface, methods for determining
surface area, permeability, adsorption, derived properties of powders, porosity, packing
arrangement, densities, bulkiness & flow properties.
Unit 5 10 Hours
 Drug stability: Reaction kinetics: zero, pseudo-zero, first & second order, units of basic rate
constants, determination of reaction order. Physical and chemical factors influencing the
chemical degradation of pharmaceutical product: temperature, solvent, ionic strength,
dielectric constant, specific & general acid base catalysis, Simple numerical problems.
Stabilization of medicinal agents against common reactions like hydrolysis & oxidation.
Accelerated stability testing in expiration dating of pharmaceutical dosage forms. Photolytic
degradation and its prevention

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BP407P. PHYSICAL PHARMACEUTICS- II (Practical)
3 Hrs/week
1. Determination of particle size, particle size distribution using sieving method
2. Determination of particle size, particle size distribution using Microscopic method
3. Determination of bulk density, true density and porosity
4. Determine the angle of repose and influence of lubricant on angle of repose
5. Determination of viscosity of liquid using Ostwald’s viscometer
6. Determination sedimentation volume with effect of different suspending agent
7. Determination sedimentation volume with effect of different concentration of single
suspending agent
8. Determination of viscosity of semisolid by using Brookfield viscometer
9. Determination of reaction rate constant first order.
10. Determination of reaction rate constant second order
11. Accelerated stability studies
Recommended Books: (Latest Editions)
1. Physical Pharmacy by Alfred Martin, Sixth edition
2. Experimental pharmaceutics by Eugene, Parott.
3. Tutorial pharmacy by Cooper and Gunn.
4. Stocklosam J. Pharmaceutical calculations, Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia.
5. Liberman H.A, Lachman C., Pharmaceutical Dosage forms, Tablets, Volume-1 to 3, Marcel
Dekkar Inc.
6. Liberman H.A, Lachman C, Pharmaceutical dosage forms. Disperse systems, volume 1, 2, 3.
Marcel Dekkar Inc.
7. Physical Pharmaceutics by Ramasamy C, and Manavalan R.

Page 106 of 214

[Link] SEMESTER – IV
PHARMACOLOGY-I
Subject code: BP404T
Theory (3 Hours / Week; 4 Credits, 45 Hours)
Teaching Scheme Evaluation Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Total Theory Practical
External Internal External Internal
3 1 4 8 75 25 35 15

Scope: The main purpose of the subject is to understand what drugs do to the living organisms and
how their effects can be applied to therapeutics. The subject covers the information about the drugs
like, mechanism of action, physiological and biochemical effects (pharmacodynamics) as well as
absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (pharmacokinetics) along with the adverse effects,
clinical uses, interactions, doses, contraindications and routes of administration of different classes of
drugs.

Objectives: Upon completion of this course the student should be able to

 Understand the pharmacological actions of different categories of drugs
 Explain the mechanism of drug action at organ system/sub cellular/ macromolecular levels.
 Apply the basic pharmacological knowledge in the prevention and treatment of various diseases.
 Observe the effect of drugs on animals by simulated experiments
 Appreciate correlation of pharmacology with other bio medical sciences

Course outcomes: At the end of the course, the student will be able to:
CO1: Understand basic concepts of pharmacology like how drug acts and how body reacts to drug
at receptor and molecular level.
CO2: In addition, Students will be aware of effect of drugs on different systems of body.

Course Content:
Unit 1 08 hours
1. General Pharmacology
 Introduction to Pharmacology- Definition, historical landmarks and scope of pharmacology,
nature and source of drugs, essential drugs concept and routes of drug administration,
Agonists, antagonists( competitive and non competitive), spare receptors, addiction, tolerance,
dependence, tachyphylaxis, idiosyncrasy, allergy.

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 Pharmacokinetics- Membrane transport, absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion
of drugs .Enzyme induction, enzyme inhibition, kinetics of elimination
Unit 2 12 Hours
General Pharmacology
a) Pharmacodynamics- Principles and mechanisms of drug action. Receptor theories and
classification of receptors, regulation of receptors. drug receptors interactions signal
transduction mechanisms, G-protein–coupled receptors, ion channel receptor, transmembrane
enzyme linked receptors, transmembrane JAK-STAT binding receptor and receptors that
regulate transcription factors, dose response relationship, therapeutic index, combined effects
of drugs and factors modifying drug action.
b) Adverse drug reactions.
c) Drug interactions (pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic)
d) Drug discovery and clinical evaluation of new drugs -Drug discovery phase, preclinical
evaluation phase, clinical trial phase, phases of clinical trials and pharmacovigilance.

Unit 3 10 Hours
2. Pharmacology of drugs acting on peripheral nervous system
a) Organization and function of ANS.
b) Neurohumoral transmission,co-transmission and classification of neurotransmitters.
c) Parasympathomimetics, Parasympatholytics, Sympathomimetics, sympatholytics.
d) Neuromuscular blocking agents and skeletal muscle relaxants (peripheral).
e) Local anesthetic agents.
f) Drugs used in myasthenia gravis and glaucoma
Unit 4 08 Hours
3. Pharmacology of drugs acting on central nervous system
a) Neurohumoral transmission in the [Link] emphasis on importance of various
neurotransmitters like with GABA, Glutamate, Glycine, serotonin, dopamine.
b) General anesthetics and pre-anesthetics.
c) Sedatives, hypnotics and centrally acting muscle relaxants.
d) Anti-epileptics
e) Alcohols and disulfiram
Unit 5 07 Hours
3. Pharmacology of drugs acting on central nervous system
a) Psychopharmacological agents: Antipsychotics, antidepressants, anti-anxiety agents, anti-
manics and hallucinogens.

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b) Drugs used in Parkinsons disease and Alzheimer’s disease.
c) CNS stimulants and nootropics.
d) Opioid analgesics and antagonists
e) Drug addiction, drug abuse, tolerance and dependence.

Page 109 of 214

BP408P. PHARMACOLOGY-I (Practical)
4hrs/week
1. Introduction to experimental pharmacology.
2. Commonly used instruments in experimental pharmacology.
3. Study of common laboratory animals.
4. Maintenance of laboratory animals as per CPCSEA guidelines.
5. Common laboratory techniques. Blood withdrawal, serum and plasma separation, anesthetics
and euthanasia used for animal studies.
6. Study of different routes of drugs administration in mice/rats.
7. Study of effect of hepatic microsomal enzyme inducers on the phenobarbitone sleeping time
in mice.
8. Effect of drugs on ciliary motility of frog oesophagus
9. Effect of drugs on rabbit eye.
10. Effects of skeletal muscle relaxants using rota-rod apparatus.
11. Effect of drugs on locomotor activity using actophotometer.
12. Anticonvulsant effect of drugs by MES and PTZ method.
13. Study of stereotype and anti-catatonic activity of drugs on rats/mice.
14. Study of anxiolytic activity of drugs using rats/mice.
15. Study of local anesthetics by different methods
Note: All laboratory techniques and animal experiments are demonstrated by simulated experiments
by softwares and videos
Recommended Books (Latest Editions)
1. Rang H. P., Dale M. M., Ritter J. M., Flower R. J., Rang and Dale’s Pharmacology,.Churchil
Livingstone Elsevier
2. Katzung B. G., Masters S. B., Trevor A. J., Basic and clinical pharmacology, Tata Mc Graw-
Hill
3. Goodman and Gilman’s, The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics
4. Marry Anne K. K., Lloyd Yee Y., Brian K. A., Robbin L.C., Joseph G. B., Wayne A. K., Bradley
R.W., Applied Therapeutics, The Clinical use of Drugs, The Point Lippincott Williams &
Wilkins
5. Mycek M.J, Gelnet S.B and Perper M.M. Lippincott’s Illustrated Reviews- Pharmacology
6. [Link]. Essentials of Medical Pharmacology, JAYPEE Brothers Medical Publishers (P)
Ltd, New Delhi.
7. Sharma H. L., Sharma K. K., Principles of Pharmacology, Paras medical publisher
8. Modern Pharmacology with clinical Applications, by Charles [Link]& Robert,
Page 110 of 214
9. Ghosh MN. Fundamentals of Experimental Pharmacology. Hilton & Company, Kolkata.
10. Kulkarni SK. Handbook of experimental pharmacology. VallabhPrakashan,

Page 111 of 214

[Link] SEMESTER – IV
PHARMACOGNOSY AND PHYTOCHEMISTRY-I
Subject code: BP405T
Theory (3 Hours / Week; 4 Credits, 45 Hours)
Teaching Scheme Evaluation Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Total Theory Practical
External Internal External Internal
3 1 4 8 75 25 35 15

Scope: The subject involves the fundamentals of Pharmacognosy like scope, classification of crude
drugs, their identification and evaluation, phytochemicals present in them and their medicinal
properties.

Objectives: Upon completion of the course, the student shall be able

 to know the techniques in the cultivation and production of crude drugs
 to know the crude drugs, their uses and chemical nature
 know the evaluation techniques for the herbal drugs
 to carry out the microscopic and morphological evaluation of crude drugs

Course outcomes: At the end of the course, the student should:

CO1: Understand the preliminary basis of Pharmacognosy. The students are expected to
understand different methods to cultivate the medicinal plants.
CO2: Differentiate between different types of the organs of medicinal [Link] various
options available- in vivo and in vitro to improve the quality of the phytoconstituents
obtained from the natural sources.
CO3: Understand different types of adulteration of crude drugs. Understand different evaluation
methods ascertain the presence or absence of adulteration. Recognize the crude drugs
mentioned in the course.
CO4: Learn the pharmacognostic aspects specifically, the sources, the preparation methods and
utilization of those substances obtained from the natural sources.

Course Content:
Unit 1 10 Hours
Introduction to Pharmacognosy:
a) Definition, history, scope and development of Pharmacognosy
Page 112 of 214
b) Sources of Drugs – Plants, Animals, Marine & Tissue culture
c) Organized drugs, unorganized drugs (dried latex, dried juices, dried extracts, gums and
mucilages, oleoresins and oleo- gum -resins).
Classification of drugs:
a) Alphabetical, morphological, taxonomical, chemical, pharmacological, chemo and sero
taxonomical classification of drugs
Quality control of Drugs of Natural Origin:
a) Adulteration of drugs of natural origin. Evaluation by organoleptic, microscopic, physical,
chemical and biological methods and properties.
b) Quantitative microscopy of crude drugs including lycopodium spore method, leafconstants,
camera lucida and diagrams of microscopic objects to scale with camera lucida.
Unit 2 10 Hours
Cultivation, Collection, Processing and storage of drugs of natural origin:
a) Cultivation and Collection of drugs of natural origin
b) Factors influencing cultivation of medicinal plants. Plant hormones and their applications.
c) Polyploidy, mutation and hybridization with reference to medicinal plants
Conservation of medicinal plants
Unit 3 07 Hours
Plant tissue culture:
Historical development of plant tissue culture, types of cultures, Nutritional requirements, growth
and their maintenance.
Applications of plant tissue culture in pharmacognosy.
Edible vaccines
Unit 4 10 Hours
Pharmacognosy in various systems of medicine:
 Role of Pharmacognosy in allopathy and traditional systems of medicine namely, Ayurveda,
Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy and Chinese systems of medicine.
Introduction to secondary metabolites:
 Definition, classification, properties and test for identification of Alkaloids, Glycosides,
Flavonoids, Tannins, Volatile oil and Resins
Unit 5 08 Hours
Study of biological source, chemical nature and uses of drugs of natural origin containing following
drugs
Plant Products:
Fibers - Cotton, Jute, Hemp
Page 113 of 214
Hallucinogens,
Teratogens,
Natural allergens
Primary metabolites:
General introduction, detailed study with respect to chemistry, sources, preparation, evaluation,
preservation, storage, therapeutic used and commercial utility as Pharmaceutical Aids and/or
Medicines for the following Primary metabolites:
Carbohydrates: Acacia, Agar, Tragacanth, Honey
Proteins and Enzymes: Gelatin, casein, proteolytic enzymes (Papain, bromelain, serratiopeptidase,
urokinase, streptokinase, pepsin).
Lipids (Waxes, fats, fixed oils) : Castor oil, Chaulmoogra oil, Wool Fat, Bees Wax
Marine Drugs: Novel medicinal agents from marine sources

Page 114 of 214

BP409P. PHARMACOGNOSY AND PHYTOCHEMISTRY I (Practical)
4 Hours/Week
1. Analysis of crude drugs by chemical tests: (i) Tragaccanth (ii) Acacia (iii) Agar (iv) Gelatin
(v) starch (vi) Honey (vii) Castor oil
2. Determination of stomatal number and index
3. Determination of vein islet number, vein islet termination and paliside ratio.
4. Determination of size of starch grains, calcium oxalate crystals by eye piece micrometer
5. Determination of Fiber length and width
6. Determination of number of starch grains by Lycopodium spore method
7. Determination of Ash value
8. Determination of Extractive values of crude drugs
9. Determination of moisture content of crude drugs
10. Determination of swelling index and foaming

Recommended Books: (Latest Editions)

1. [Link], Trease and Evans Pharmacognosy, 16th edition, W.B. Sounders & Co.,
2. London, 2009.
3. Tyler, V.E., Brady, L.R. and Robbers, J.E., Pharmacognosy, 9th Edn., Lea and Febiger,
Philadelphia, 1988.
4. Text Book of Pharmacognosy by T.E. Wallis
5. Mohammad Ali. Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, CBS Publishers & Distribution, New
Delhi.
6. Text book of Pharmacognosy by C.K. Kokate, Purohit, Gokhlae (2007), 37th Edition, Nirali
Prakashan, New Delhi.
7. Herbal drug industry by R.D. Choudhary (1996), Ist Edn, Eastern Publisher, New Delhi.
8. Essentials of Pharmacognosy, [Link], IInd edition, Birla publications, New Delhi, 2007
9. Practical Pharmacognosy: C.K. Kokate, Purohit, Gokhlae
10. Anatomy of Crude Drugs by M.A. Iyengar

Page 115 of 214

[Link] SEMESTER – IV
MICRO AND MACRO ECONOMICS
Subject code: BP410T
Theory (3 Hours / Week; 3 Credits, 45 Hours)
Teaching Scheme Evaluation Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Total Theory Practical
External Internal External Internal
3 0 0 3 75 25 0 0

Objective of the Course:

 To enable the students to understand the principles underlying the structure and functioning of
markets;
 To help them apply economic theory for optimal decision-making at the firm level in the
context of market constraints, through real-life examples from across the globe and real cases
of firms;

Course outcomes: At the end of the course, the student should have:
CO1: Developed an appreciation of the principles of micro-economics and their potential for firm
level decision-making, a keen desire for reading news of economic and financial
changes/developments on a regular basis, and engaging in discussion and critical evaluation
of such developments.
CO2: To provide them sufficient exposure to the world of industry, trade and commerce, so as to
make them feel comfortable reading and understanding daily economic and financial news
about firms, and engaging in critical discussion on economic issues affecting firms.

Course Content:
Unit 1 8 hours
 Introduction Ten Principles of Economics Firms and its Objective Micro-economics & Macro-
economic Indicators
Unit 2 7 hours
 Understanding Markets Forces
 The Market Forces of Supply and Demand
 Elasticity, Types and Applications
 Supply, Demand and Government Policies
 The Theory of Consumer Choice
Page 116 of 214
 Demand Forecasting and Analysis
Unit 3 8 hours
 Markets and Welfare
 Consumers, Producer, and Market Efficiency
 Externalities and Public Goods
 The Design of the Tax System (with specific reference to India)
Unit 4 7 hours
 Firm Behavior and The Organization of Industry
 The Cost of Production
 Market Structures
 Firms in Competitive Markets
 Monopoly
 Oligopoly
 Monopolistic Competition
Unit 5 5 hours
 Macroeconomic Environment
 Macroeconomics Aggregates
 Fiscal, Monetary and Exchange Rate Policies
 Behavioral and Technology Functions
Unit 6 5 hours
 The Economics of Labour Markets
 Factor Markets
 Earnings and Discrimination
 Income Inequality and Poverty
Unit 7 5 hours
 Sector Specific Issues
 Pharmacy / Engineering
 Contemporary Issues
Reference Books
1. Salvatore Dominick (Seventh Edition), Managerial Economics - Principles and Worldwide
Applications (Adapted Version), Oxford University Press
2. Salvatore & Ravikesh Srivastava (Seventh Edition), Managerial Economics in a Global
Page 117 of 214
Economy, Oxford University Press
3. H. L. Ahuja (2007), Managerial Economics, S. Chand
4. Suma Damodaran(2006), Managerial Economics, Oxford University Press
5. Geetika, Piyali Ghosh, Purba Roy Choudhary (Second Edition), Managerial Economics, Mc
Graw Hill
6. Douglas Bernheim, Michael Winston (2008), Microeconomics, Tata McGraw-Hill
7. Mankiw (Forth Edition), Principles of Microeconomics, Cengage Learning
8. Ravindra H. Dholakia and Ajay N. Oza(Second Edition), Microeconomics for Management
Students, Oxford University Press
9. Macroeconomics – By Goodwin, Nelson & Harris, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd
10. Principles of Macroeconomics – By Rangarajan & Dholakia, Tata McGraw Hill Pub.
11. Macroeconomics – By Olivier Blanchard, Pearson Education

Page 118 of 214

SEMESTER V

Page 119 of 214

[Link] SEMESTER – V
MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY-II
Subject code: BP501T
Theory (3 Hours / Week; 4 Credits, 45 Hours)
Teaching Scheme Evaluation Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Total Theory Practical
External Internal External Internal
3 1 0 4 75 25 0 0

Objectives: Upon completion of the course the student shall be able to

 Understand the chemistry of drugs with respect to their pharmacological activity
 Understand the drug metabolic pathways, adverse effect and therapeutic value of drugs
 Know the Structural Activity Relationship of different class of drugs
 Study the chemical synthesis of selected drugs

Course outcomes: Know the basic concepts:

CO1: Knowledge of medicinal chemistry from practical and theoretical aspect, its scope and
various branches.
CO2: To identify pharmacophoric binding sites in drug responsible to bind with receptor.
CO3: To study about which methods to apply for purification for different synthesized crude
product. To study about chemistry of individual drug molecule.
CO4: To study about drug interactions and adverse effects.

Page 120 of 214

H1–antagonists: Diphenhydramine hydrochloride*, Dimenhydrinate, Doxylamines cuccinate,
Clemastine fumarate, Diphenylphyraline hydrochloride, Tripelenamine hydrochloride,
Chlorcyclizine hydrochloride, Meclizine hydrochloride, Buclizine hydrochloride, Chlorpheniramine
maleate, Triprolidine hydrochloride*, Phenidamine tartarate, Promethazine hydrochloride*,
Trimeprazine tartrate, Cyproheptadine hydrochloride, Azatidine maleate, Astemizole, Loratadine,
Cetirizine, Levocetrazine Cromolyn sodium
H2-antagonists:
Cimetidine*, Famotidine, Ranitidin.
Gastric Proton pump inhibitors:
Omeprazole, Lansoprazole, Rabeprazole, Pantoprazole
Anti-neoplastic agents:
Alkylating agents: Meclorethamine*, Cyclophosphamide, Melphalan, Chlorambucil, Busulfan,
Thiotepa
Antimetabolites: Mercaptopurine*, Thioguanine, Fluorouracil, Floxuridine, Cytarabine,
Methotrexate*, Azathioprine
Antibiotics: Dactinomycin, Daunorubicin, Doxorubicin, Bleomycin
Plant products: Etoposide, Vinblastin sulphate, Vincristin sulphate
Miscellaneous: Cisplatin, Mitotane.
Unit 2 10 Hours
Anti-anginal:
Vasodilators: Amyl nitrite, Nitroglycerin*, Pentaerythritol tetranitrate, Isosorbide dinitrite*,
Dipyridamole.
Calcium channel blockers: Verapamil, Bepridil hydrochloride, Diltiazem hydrochloride, Nifedipine,
Amlodipine, Felodipine, Nicardipine, Nimodipine.
Diuretics:
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: Acetazolamide*, Methazolamide, Dichlorphenamide.
Thiazides: Chlorthiazide*, Hydrochlorothiazide, Hydroflumethiazide, Cyclothiazide,
Loop diuretics: Furosemide*, Bumetanide, Ethacrynic acid.
Potassium sparing Diuretics: Spironolactone, Triamterene, Amiloride.
Osmotic Diuretics: Mannitol
Anti-hypertensive Agents:
Timolol, Captopril, Lisinopril, Enalapril, Benazepril hydrochloride, Quinapril hydrochloride,
Methyldopate hydrochloride,* Clonidine hydrochloride, Guanethidine monosulphate,
Guanabenz acetate, Sodium nitroprusside, Diazoxide, Minoxidil, Reserpine, Hydralazine
hydrochloride.
Unit 3 10 Hours
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Anti-arrhythmic Drugs:
Quinidine sulphate, Procainamide hydrochloride, Disopyramide phosphate*, Phenytoin sodium,
Lidocaine hydrochloride, Tocainide hydrochloride, Mexiletine hydrochloride, Lorcainide
hydrochloride, Amiodarone, Sotalol.
Anti-hyperlipidemic agents:
Clofibrate, Lovastatin, Cholesteramine and Cholestipol
Coagulant & Anticoagulants:
Menadione, Acetomenadione, Warfarin*, Anisindione, clopidogrel
Drugs used in Congestive Heart Failure:
Digoxin, Digitoxin, Nesiritide, Bosentan, Tezosentan.
Unit 4 08 Hours
Drugs acting on Endocrine system:
Nomenclature, Stereochemistry and metabolism of steroids
Sex hormones:
Testosterone, Nandralone, Progestrones, Oestriol, Oestradiol, Oestrione, Diethyl stilbestrol.
Drugs for erectile dysfunction:
Sildenafil, Tadalafil.
Oral contraceptives:
Mifepristone, Norgestril, Levonorgestrol
Corticosteroids:
Cortisone, Hydrocortisone, Prednisolone, Betamethasone, Dexamethasone
Thyroid and antithyroid drugs:
L-Thyroxine, L-Thyronine, Propylthiouracil, Methimazole.
Unit 5 07 Hours
Antidiabetic agents:
Insulin and its preparations
Sulfonyl ureas: Tolbutamide*, Chlorpropamide, Glipizide, Glimepiride. Biguanides: Metformin.
Thiazolidinediones: Pioglitazone, Rosiglitazone. Meglitinides: Repaglinide, Nateglinide. Glucosidase
inhibitors: Acrabose, Voglibose.
Local Anesthetics:
SAR of Local anesthetics
Benzoic Acid derivatives: Cocaine, Hexylcaine, Meprylcaine, Cyclomethycaine, Piperocaine.
Amino Benzoic acid derivatives: Benzocaine*, Butamben, Procaine*, Butacaine, Propoxycaine,
Tetracaine, Benoxinate.
Page 122 of 214
Lidocaine/Anilide derivatives: Lignocaine, Mepivacaine, Prilocaine, Etidocaine.
Miscellaneous: Phenacaine, Diperodon, Dibucaine.*
Recommended Books (Latest Editions)
1. Wilson and Giswold’s Organic medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry.
2. Foye’s Principles of Medicinal Chemistry.
3. Burger’s Medicinal Chemistry, Vol I to IV.
4. Introduction to principles of drug design- Smith and Williams.
5. Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences.
6. Martindale’s extra pharmacopoeia.
7. Organic Chemistry by I.L. Finar, Vol. II.
8. The Organic Chemistry of Drug Synthesis by Lednicer, Vol. 1to 5.
9. Indian Pharmacopoeia.
10. Text book of practical organic chemistry- [Link].

Page 123 of 214

[Link] SEMESTER – V
INDUSTRIAL PHARMACY-I
Subject code: BP502T
Theory (3 Hours / Week; 4 Credits, 45 Hours)
Teaching Scheme Evaluation Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Total Theory Practical
External Internal External Internal
3 1 4 8 75 25 35 15

Scope: Course enables the student to understand and appreciate the influence of pharmaceutical
additives and various pharmaceutical dosage forms on the performance of the drug product.

Objectives: Upon completion of the course the student shall be able to

 Know the various pharmaceutical dosage forms and their manufacturing techniques.
 Know various considerations in development of pharmaceutical dosage forms

Course outcomes:The course will help the student to have:

CO1: A good understanding of fundamentals of controlled drug delivery systems & their various
types in detail.
CO2: Students should be able to learn about targeted drug delivery systems & its significance.
CO3: Formulate solid, liquid and semisolid dosage forms and evaluate them for their quality

Course content:
Unit 1 07 Hours
 Preformulation Studies: Introduction to preformulation, goals and objectives, study of
physicochemical characteristics of drug substances.
a) Physical properties: Physical form (crystal & amorphous), particle size, shape, flow
properties, solubility profile (pKa, pH, partition coefficient), polymorphism
b) Chemical Properties: Hydrolysis, oxidation, reduction, racemisation, polymerization BCS
classification of drugs & its significant
 Application of preformulation considerations in the development of solid, liquid oral and
parenteral dosage forms and its impact on stability of dosage forms.
Unit 2 10 Hours
Tablets:

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a) Introduction, ideal characteristics of tablets, classification of tablets. Excipients, Formulation
of tablets, granulation methods, compression and processing problems. Equipments and tablet
tooling.
b) Tablet coating: Types of coating, coating materials, formulation of coating composition,
methods of coating, equipment employed and defects in coating.
c) Quality control tests: In process and finished product tests
Liquid orals:
 Formulation and manufacturing consideration of syrups and elixirs suspensions and
emulsions; Filling and packaging; evaluation of liquid orals official in pharmacopoeia
Unit 3 08 Hours
Capsules
a) Hard gelatin capsules: Introduction, Production of hard gelatin capsule shells. size of
capsules, Filling, finishing and special techniques of formulation of hard gelatin capsules,
manufacturing defects. In process and final product quality control tests for capsules.
b) Soft gelatin capsules: Nature of shell and capsule content, size of capsules, importance
of base adsorption and minim/gram factors, production, in process and final product
quality control tests. Packing, storage and stability testing of soft gelatin capsules and their
applications.
Pellets
 Introduction, formulation requirements, pelletization process, equipments for manufacture of
pellets
Unit 4 10 Hours
Parenteral Products:
a) Definition, types, advantages and limitations. Preformulation factors and essential
requirements, vehicles, additives, importance of isotonicity
b) Production procedure, production facilities and controls, aseptic processing
c) Formulation of injections, sterile powders, large volume parenterals and lyophilized products.
d) Containers and closures selection, filling and sealing of ampoules, vials and infusion fluids.
Quality control tests of parenteral products.
Ophthalmic Preparations:
 Introduction, formulation considerations; formulation of eye drops, eye ointments and eye
lotions; methods of preparation; labeling, containers; evaluation of ophthalmic preparations
Unit 5 10 Hours
Cosmetics:
 Formulation and preparation of the following cosmetic preparations: lipsticks, shampoos,
cold cream and vanishing cream, tooth pastes, hair dyes and sunscreens.

Page 125 of 214

Pharmaceutical Aerosols:
 Definition, propellants, containers, valves, types of aerosol systems; formulation and
manufacture of aerosols; Evaluation of aerosols; Quality control and stability studies.
Packaging Materials Science:
 Materials used for packaging of pharmaceutical products, factors influencing choice of
containers, legal and official requirements for containers, stability aspects of packaging
materials, quality control tests.

Page 126 of 214

BP506P. Industrial Pharmacy I (Practical)
4 hours/week
1. Preformulation studies on paracetamol/asparin/or any other drug
2. Preparation and evaluation of Paracetamol tablets
3. Preparation and evaluation of Aspirin tablets
4. Coating of tablets- film coating of tables/granules
5. Preparation and evaluation of Tetracycline capsules
6. Preparation of Calcium Gluconate injection
7. Preparation of Ascorbic Acid injection
8. Qulaity control test of (as per IP) marketed tablets and capsules
9. Preparation of Eye drops/ and Eye ointments
10. Preparation of Creams (cold / vanishing cream)
11. Evaluation of Glass containers (as per IP)
Recommended Books: (Latest Editions)
1. Pharmaceutical dosage forms - Tablets, volume 1 -3 by H.A. Liberman, Leon Lachman
2. &[Link]
3. Pharmaceutical dosage form - Parenteral medication vol- 1&2 by Liberman & Lachman
4. Pharmaceutical dosage form disperse system VOL-1 by Liberman & Lachman
5. Modern Pharmaceutics by Gilbert S. Banker & C.T. Rhodes, 3rd Edition
6. Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 20th edition Pharmaceutical Science
(RPS)
7. Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy by Liberman & Lachman
8. Pharmaceutics- The science of dosage form design by [Link], Churchill livingstone,
Latest edition
9. Introduction to Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms by H. [Link], Lea &Febiger, Philadelphia,
5thedition, 2005
10. Drug stability - Principles and practice by Cartensen & C.J. Rhodes, 3rd Edition, Marcel
Dekker Series, Vol 107.

Page 127 of 214

[Link] SEMESTER – V
PHARMACOLOGY-II
Subject code: BP503T
Theory (3 Hours / Week; 4 Credits, 45 Hours)
Teaching Scheme Evaluation Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Total Theory Practical
External Internal External Internal
3 1 4 8 75 25 35 15

Scope: This subject is intended to impart the fundamental knowledge on various aspects
(classification, mechanism of action, therapeutic effects, clinical uses, side effects and
contraindications) of drugs acting on different systems of body and in addition,emphasis on the basic
concepts of bioassay.

Objectives: Upon completion of this course the student should be able to

 Understand the mechanism of drug action and its relevance in the treatment of different diseases
 Demonstrate isolation of different organs/tissues from the laboratory animals by simulated
experiments
 Demonstrate the various receptor actions using isolated tissue preparation
 Appreciate correlation of pharmacology with related medical sciences

Course outcomes: At the end of the course, students will be able to:
CO1: Understand the fundamental scientific principles of drug action, mechanisms of action,
pharmacokinetics date (absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination of drugs in
the body), different dosing regimens of drugs useful in Cardiovascular Disorders,
Neurological Disorders, Psychiatric Disorders, Blood related disorders and kidney
diseases.
CO2: Etiology & Pathophysiology of following disease/disorders and pharmacology of drugs
(mechanism of action, ADME, therapeutics use, and adverse effects, toxicity and possible
drug interaction) of the categories:

Course Content:
Unit 1 10 hours
Pharmacology of drugs acting on cardio vascular system
a) Introduction to hemodynamic and electrophysiology of heart.

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b) Drugs used in congestive heart failure
c) Anti-hypertensive drugs.
d) Anti-anginal drugs.
e) Anti-arrhythmic drugs.
f) Anti-hyperlipidemic drugs.
Unit 2 10 hours
1. Pharmacology of drugs acting on cardio vascular system
 Drug used in the therapy of shock.
 Hematinics, coagulants and anticoagulants.
 Fibrinolytics and anti-platelet drugs
 Plasma volume expanders
2. Pharmacology of drugs acting on urinary system
 Diuretics
 Anti-diuretics.
Unit 3 10 hours
Autocoids and related drugs
a) Introduction to autacoids and classification
b) Histamine, 5-HT and their antagonists.
c) Prostaglandins, Thromboxanes and Leukotrienes.
d) Angiotensin, Bradykinin and Substance P.
e) Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents
f) Anti-gout drugs
g) Antirheumatic drugs
Unit 4 08 hours
Pharmacology of drugs acting on endocrine system
a) Basic concepts in endocrine pharmacology.
b) Anterior Pituitary hormones- analogues and their inhibitors.
c) Thyroid hormones- analogues and their inhibitors.
d) Hormones regulating plasma calcium level- Parathormone, Calcitonin and Vitamin-D.
e) Insulin, Oral Hypoglycemic agents and glucagon.
f) ACTH and corticosteroids.
Unit 5 07 hours

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Pharmacology of drugs acting on endocrine system
a) Androgens and Anabolic steroids.
b) Estrogens, progesterone and oral contraceptives.
c) Drugs acting on the uterus.

Bioassay
A. Principles and applications of bioassay.
B. Types of bioassay
C. Bioassay of insulin, oxytocin, vasopressin, ACTH,d-tubocurarine,digitalis, histamine and 5-HT

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BP507P. PHARMACOLOGY-II (Practical)
4Hrs/Week
1. Introduction to in-vitro pharmacology and physiological salt solutions.
2. Effect of drugs on isolated frog heart.
3. Effect of drugs on blood pressure and heart rate of dog.
4. Study of diuretic activity of drugs using rats/mice.
5. DRC of acetylcholine using frog rectus abdominis muscle.
6. Effect of physostigmine and atropine on DRC of acetylcholine using frog rectus abdominis
muscle and rat ileum respectively.
7. Bioassay of histamine using guinea pig ileum by matching method.
8. Bioassay of oxytocin using rat uterine horn by interpolation method.
9. Bioassay of serotonin using rat fundus strip by three point bioassay.
10. Bioassay of acetylcholine using rat ileum/colon by four point bioassay.
11. Determination of PA2 value of prazosin using rat anococcygeus muscle (by Schilds plot
method).
12. Determination of PD2 value using guinea pig ileum.
13. Effect of spasmogens and spasmolytics using rabbit jejunum.
14. Anti-inflammatory activity of drugs using carrageenan induced paw-edema model.
15. Analgesic activity of drug using central and peripheral methods
Note: All laboratory techniques and animal experiments are demonstrated by simulated
experiments by softwares and videos

Recommended Books (Latest Editions)

1. Rang H. P., Dale M. M., Ritter J. M., Flower R. J., Rang and Dale’s Pharmacology,
Churchil Livingstone Elsevier
2. Katzung B. G., Masters S. B., Trevor A. J., Basic and clinical pharmacology, Tata Mc
Graw-Hill.
3. Goodman and Gilman’s, The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics
4. Marry Anne K. K., Lloyd Yee Y., Brian K. A., Robbin L.C., Joseph G. B., Wayne A. K.,
Bradley R.W., Applied Therapeutics, The Clinical use of Drugs, The Point Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins.
5. Mycek M.J, Gelnet S.B and Perper M.M. Lippincott’s Illustrated Reviews- Pharmacology.
6. [Link]. Essentials of Medical Pharmacology, , JAYPEE Brothers Medical
Publishers (P) Ltd, New Delhi.
7. Sharma H. L., Sharma K. K., Principles of Pharmacology, Paras medical publisher
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8. Modern Pharmacology with clinical Applications, by Charles [Link]& Robert.
9. Ghosh MN. Fundamentals of Experimental Pharmacology. Hilton & Company, Kolkata.
10. Kulkarni SK. Handbook of experimental pharmacology. Vallabh Prakashan.

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[Link] SEMESTER – V
PHARMACOGNOSY AND PHYTOCHEMISTRY-II
Subject code: BP504T
Theory (3 Hours / Week; 4 Credits, 45 Hours)
Teaching Scheme Evaluation Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Total Theory Practical
External Internal External Internal
3 1 4 8 75 25 35 15

Scope: The main purpose of subject is to impart the students the knowledge of how the secondary
metabolites are produced in the crude drugs, how to isolate and identify and produce them
industrially. Also this subject involves the study of producing the plants and phytochemicals through
plant tissue culture, drug interactions and basic principles of traditional system of medicine

Objectives: Upon completion of the course, the student shall be able

 to know the modern extraction techniques, characterization and identification of the herbal
drugs and phytoconstituents
 to understand the preparation and development of herbal formulation.
 to understand the herbal drug interactions
 to carryout isolation and identification of phytoconstituents

Course outcomes: The students are expected to Learn:

CO1: The pharmacognostic aspects specifically, the sources, the preparation methods and
utilization of Glycosides and pharmaceutical aid containing drugs.
CO2: Learn the concept of Plant tissue culture.
CO3: Understand basic idea of extraction, isolation and separation of active phytoconstituents
from medicinal plants.

Course Content:
Unit 1 7 Hours
Metabolic pathways in higher plants and their determination
a) Brief study of basic metabolic pathways and formation of different secondary metabolites
through these pathways- Shikimic acid pathway, Acetate pathways and Amino acid pathway.
b) Study of utilization of radioactive isotopes in the investigation of Biogenetic studies.
Unit 2 14 Hours
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General introduction, composition, chemistry & chemical classes, biosources, therapeutic uses and
commercial applications of following
secondary metabolites
Alkaloids: Vinca, Rauwolfia, Belladonna, Opium,
Phenylpropanoids and Flavonoids: Lignans, Tea, Ruta
Steroids, Cardiac Glycosides & Triterpenoids: Liquorice, Dioscorea, Digitalis
Volatile oils: Mentha, Clove, Cinnamon, Fennel, Coriander,
Tannins: Catechu, Pterocarpus
Resins: Benzoin, Guggul, Ginger, Asafoetida, Myrrh, Colophony
Glycosides: Senna, Aloes, Bitter Almond Iridoids, Other terpenoids & Naphthaquinones: Gentian,
Artemisia, taxus, carotenoids
Unit 3 06 Hours
Isolation, Identification and Analysis of Phytoconstituents
a) Terpenoids: Menthol, Citral, Artemisin
b) Glycosides: Glycyrhetinic acid & Rutin
c) Alkaloids: Atropine, Quinine, Reserpine, Caffeine
d) Resins: Podophyllotoxin, Curcumin
Unit 4 10 Hours
 Industrial production, estimation and utilization of the following phytoconstituents:
 Forskolin, Sennoside, Artemisinin, Diosgenin, Digoxin, Atropine, Podophyllotoxin, Caffeine,
Taxol, Vincristine and Vinblastine
Unit 5 8 Hours
 Basics of Phytochemistry
 Modern methods of extraction, application of latest techniques like Spectroscopy,
chromatography and electrophoresis in the isolation, purification and identification of crude
drugs.

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BP508P. PHARMACOGNOSY AND PHYTOCHEMISTRY II (Practical)
4 Hours/Week
1. Morphology, histology and powder characteristics & extraction & detection of: Cinchona,
Cinnamon, Senna, Clove, Ephedra, Fennel and Coriander
2. Exercise involving isolation & detection of active principles
3. Caffeine - from tea dust.
4. Diosgenin from Dioscorea
5. Atropine from Belladonna
6. Sennosides from Senna
7. Separation of sugars by Paper chromatography
8. TLC of herbal extract
9. Distillation of volatile oils and detection of phytoconstitutents by TLC
10. Analysis of crude drugs by chemical tests: (i) Asafoetida (ii) Benzoin (iii) Colophony (iv) Aloes
(v) Myrrh

Recommended Books: (Latest Editions)

1. [Link], Trease and Evans Pharmacognosy, 16th edition, W.B. Sounders & Co.,
2. London, 2009.
3. Mohammad Ali. Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, CBS Publishers & Distribution, New
Delhi.
4. Text book of Pharmacognosy by C.K. Kokate, Purohit, Gokhlae (2007), 37th Edition,
5. Nirali Prakashan, New Delhi.
6. Herbal drug industry by R.D. Choudhary (1996), Ist Edn, Eastern Publisher, New Delhi.
7. Essentials of Pharmacognosy, [Link], IInd edition, Birla publications, New Delhi, 2007
8. Herbal Cosmetics by [Link], Asia Pacific Business press, Inc, New Delhi.
9. A.N. Kalia, Textbook of Industrial Pharmacognosy, CBS Publishers, New Delhi, 2005.
10. R Endress, Plant cell Biotechnology, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1994.
11. Pharmacognosy & Pharmacobiotechnology. James Bobbers, Marilyn KS, VE Tylor.
12. The formulation and preparation of cosmetic, fragrances and flavours.
13. Remington’s Pharmaceutical sciences.
14. Text Book of Biotechnology by Vyas and Dixit.
15. Text Book of Biotechnology by R.C. Dubey.

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[Link] SEMESTER – V
PHARMACEUTICAL JURISPRUDENCE
Subject code: BP505T
Theory (3 Hours / Week; 4 Credits, 45 Hours)
Teaching Scheme Evaluation Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Total Theory Practical
External Internal External Internal
3 1 4 8 75 25 35 15

Scope: This course is designed to impart basic knowledge on important legislations related to the
profession of pharmacy in India.

Objectives: Upon completion of the course, the student shall be able to understand:
 The Pharmaceutical legislations and their implications in the development and marketing of
pharmaceuticals.
 Various Indian pharmaceutical Acts and Laws
 The regulatory authorities and agencies governing the manufacture and sale of pharmaceuticals

Course outcomes: Upon completion of the subject should have:

CO1: How to become a responsible person while discharging duty as a pharmacist in different
facets of pharmacy profession.
CO2: To acquire certain knowledge related to laws that help in becoming a pharma entrepreneur.
CO3: The code of ethics during the pharmaceutical practice

Course Content:
Unit 1 10 Hours
Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 and its rules 1945:
 Objectives, Definitions, Legal definitions of schedules to the Act and Rules
 Import of drugs – Classes of drugs and cosmetics prohibited from import, Import under
license or permit. Offences and penalties.
 Manufacture of drugs – Prohibition of manufacture and sale of certain drugs,
 Conditions for grant of license and conditions of license for manufacture of drugs, Manufacture
of drugs for test, examination and analysis, manufacture of new drug, loan license and
repacking license.

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Unit 2 10 Hours
Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 and its rules 1945.
 Detailed study of Schedule G, H, M, N, P,T,U, V, X, Y, Part XII B, Sch F & DMR (OA) Sale
of Drugs – Wholesale, Retail sale and Restricted license. Offences and penalties
 Labeling & Packing of drugs- General labeling requirements and specimen labels for drugs
and cosmetics, List of permitted colors. Offences and penalties.
 Administration of the Act and Rules – Drugs Technical Advisory Board, Central drugs
Laboratory, Drugs Consultative Committee, Government drug analysts, Licensing
authorities, controlling authorities, Drugs Inspectors
Unit 3 10 Hours
 Pharmacy Act –1948: Objectives, Definitions, Pharmacy Council of India; its constitution
and functions, Education Regulations, State and Joint state pharmacy councils; constitution
and functions, Registration of Pharmacists, Offences and Penalties
 Medicinal and Toilet Preparation Act –1955: Objectives, Definitions, Licensing,
Manufacture In bond and Outside bond, Export of alcoholic preparations, Manufacture of
Ayurvedic, Homeopathic, Patent & Proprietary Preparations. Offences and Penalties.
 Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic substances Act-1985 and Rules: Objectives,
Definitions, Authorities and Officers, Constitution and Functions of narcotic & Psychotropic
Consultative Committee, National Fund for Controlling the Drug Abuse, Prohibition, Control
and Regulation, opium poppy cultivation and production of poppy straw, manufacture, sale
and export of opium, Offences and Penalties
Unit 4 08 Hours
 Study of Salient Features of Drugs and Magic Remedies Act and its rules: Objectives,
Definitions, Prohibition of certain advertisements, Classes of Exempted advertisements,
Offences and Penalties
 Prevention of Cruelty to animals Act-1960: Objectives, Definitions, Institutional Animal
Ethics Committee, CPCSEA guidelines for Breeding and Stocking of Animals, Performance
of Experiments, Transfer and acquisition of animals for experiment, Records, Power to
suspend or revoke registration, Offences and Penalties
 National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority: Drugs Price Control Order (DPCO)- 2013.
Objectives, Definitions, Sale prices of bulk drugs, Retail price of formulations, Retail price
and ceiling price of scheduled formulations, National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM)
Unit 5 07 Hours
 Pharmaceutical Legislations – A brief review, Introduction, Study of drugs enquiry
committee, Health survey and development committee, Hathi committee and Mudaliar
committee
 Code of Pharmaceutical ethics D efinition, Pharmacist in relation to his job, trade, medical
profession and his profession, Pharmacist’s oath

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 Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act
 Right to Information Act
 Introduction to Intellectual Property Rights (IPR)

Recommended books: (Latest Edition)

1. Forensic Pharmacy by B. Suresh
2. Text book of Forensic Pharmacy by B.M. Mithal
3. Hand book of drug law-by M.L. Mehra
4. A text book of Forensic Pharmacy by N.K. Jain
5. Drugs and Cosmetics Act/Rules by Govt. of India publications.
6. Medicinal and Toilet preparations act 1955 by Govt. of India publications.
7. Narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances act by Govt. of India publications
8. Drugs and Magic Remedies act by Govt. of India publication
9. Bare Acts of the said laws published by Government. Reference books (Theory)

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[Link] SEMESTER – V
PHARMACEUTICAL MARKETING AND DRUG STORE MANAGEMENT
Subject code: BP509T
Theory (3 Hours / Week; 3 Credits, 45 Hours)
Teaching Scheme Evaluation Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Total Theory Practical
External Internal External Internal
3 0 0 3 75 25 0 0

Objective of the Course:

 Basic Understating of Pharmaceutical marketing strategies, planning in marketing,
communication and needs of pharma sector

Course outcomes: At the end of the course, students will be able to:
CO1: Understand the fundamental scientific principles of Drugs store Management and inventory
control, Strategic marketing process, Consumer market and Retail and whole sale drugs
store.

Course Content
Unit 1 3 Hours
Marketing tasks and philosophies: Marketing systems and pharma marketing environment
Unit 2 2 Hours
Consumer market: Pharmaceutical and buyer behaviour
Unit 3 5 Hours
Strategic marketing process: Industrial market, market segmentation, market measurement and
forecasting.
Unit 4 5 Hours
Strategic planning in pharma marketing: Situation analysis, developing marketing. Objectives;
Determining positioning and differential advantage, selecting target marketsdesigning marketing
mix for target market.
Unit 5 3 Hours
Product decisions: Product classification, product life-cycle strategies, Branding, packaging and
labelling decisions
Unit 6 2 Hours
Pricing decisions: Pricing methods and strategies
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Unit 7 5 Hours
Distribution decisions: Importance and functions of distribution channels, distribution channel
members
Unit 8 3 Hours
Promotion decisions: Promotion mix elements
Unit 9 2 Hours
Communication in pharmaceutical industry
Unit 10 8 Hours
Drugs store Management and inventory control: Organization of drugs store, Types of materials
stocked, storage conditions, purchase and inventory control principles, purchase procedures,
purchase order, procurement and stocking. Quality control of drugs in hospitals.
Unit 11 7 Hours
Retail and whole sale drugs store: Organization and structure of retail and whole sale drug store,
types of drug stores and design, maintenance of drug store, dispensing of proprietary products,
maintenance of records of retail and wholesale.
Reference Books
1. Pharmaceutical Marketing by Subba Rao
2. Pharmaceutical Marketing by Dimitris and Dogramatiz
3. Pharmaceutical Marketing by Smith
4. Marketing Management, a South Asian Perspective by Kotlar
5. Marketing Management, Planning, Implementation and Control by Ramaswami and
Namakumari.
6. Marketing Management and Administrative Action, Tata McGraw HillManagement
InformationSystems by Kenneth C. Laudon
7. Information Systems for Modern Management by Robert G. Murdick
8. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition by Ralph M. Stair and George Walter
Reynolds

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SEMESTER VI

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[Link] SEMESTER – VI
MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY-III
Subject code: BP601T
Theory (3 Hours / Week; 4 Credits, 45 Hours)
Teaching Scheme Evaluation Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Total Theory Practical
External Internal External Internal
3 1 4 8 75 25 35 15

Scope: This subject is designed to impart fundamental knowledge on the structure, chemistry and
therapeutic value of drugs. The subject emphasis on modern techniques of rational drug design like
quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR), Prodrug concept, combinatorial chemistry and
Computer aided drug design (CADD). The subject also emphasizes on the chemistry, mechanism of
action, metabolism, adverse effects, Structure Activity Relationships (SAR), therapeutic uses and
synthesis of important drugs.

Objectives: Upon completion of the course student shall be able to

 Understand the importance of drug design and different techniques of drug design.
 Understand the chemistry of drugs with respect to their biological activity.
 Know the metabolism, adverse effects and therapeutic value of drugs.
 Know the importance of SAR of drugs.

Course outcomes:
CO1: Know the basic concepts of chemotherapy and the mechanism of action and effects of drugs
on various organs of the body.
CO2: To study about chemistry of individual drug molecule. To study about drug interactions and
adverse effects.
CO3: To explore the role of metabolism in various pro-drugs, soft-drugs and hard-drugs. To study
in detail about the SAR (structure activity relationship) of different classes of drugs.
CO4: Know about the development of new drug. To study separation techniques (physical and
chemical) of mixture component in different physical state and identification methods of
the same. Know the basic concepts of chemotherapy.

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as specified in the course and synthesis of drugs superscripted by (*)
Unit 1 10 Hours
Antibiotics
Historical background, Nomenclature, Stereochemistry, Structure activity relationship, Chemical
degradation classification and important products of the following classes.
β-Lactam antibiotics: Penicillin, Cepholosporins, β- Lactamase inhibitors, Monobactams
Aminoglycosides: Streptomycin, Neomycin, Kanamycin
Tetracyclines: Tetracycline, Oxytetracycline, Chlortetracycline, Minocycline, Doxycycline
Unit 2 10 Hours
Antibiotics
Historical background, Nomenclature, Stereochemistry, Structure activity relationship, Chemical
degradation classification and important products of the following classes.
Macrolide: Erythromycin Clarithromycin, Azithromycin.
Miscellaneous: Chloramphenicol*, Clindamycin.
Prodrugs: Basic concepts and application of prodrugs design.
Antimalarials: Etiology of malaria.
Quinolines: SAR, Quininesulphate, Chloroquine*, Amodiaquine, Primaquine phosphate, Pamaquine*,
Quinacrine hydrochloride, Mefloquine.
Biguanides and dihydro triazines: Cycloguanil pamoate, Proguanil.
Miscellaneous: Pyrimethamine, Artesunete, Artemether, Atovoquone.
Unit 3 10 Hours
Anti-tubercular Agents
Synthetic anti tubercular agents: Isoniozid*, Ethionamide, Ethambutol, Pyrazinamide, Para amino
salicylic acid.*
Anti tubercular antibiotics: Rifampicin, Rifabutin, Cycloserine Streptomycine, Capreomycin
sulphate.
Urinary tract anti-infective agents
Quinolones: SAR of quinolones, Nalidixic Acid, Norfloxacin, Enoxacin, Ciprofloxacin*, Ofloxacin,
Lomefloxacin, Sparfloxacin, Gatifloxacin, Moxifloxacin
Miscellaneous: Furazolidine, Nitrofurantoin*, Methanamine.
Antiviral agents:
Amantadine hydrochloride, Rimantadine hydrochloride, Idoxuridine trifluoride, Acyclovir*,
Gancyclovir, Zidovudine, Didanosine, Zalcitabine, Lamivudine, Loviride, Delavirding, Ribavirin,
Saquinavir, Indinavir, Ritonavir.
Unit 4 08 Hours
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Antifungal agents:
Antifungal antibiotics: Amphotericin-B, Nystatin, Natamycin, Griseofulvin.
Synthetic Antifungal agents: Clotrimazole, Econazole, Butoconazole, Oxiconazole Tioconozole,
Miconazole*, Ketoconazole, Terconazole, Itraconazole, Fluconazole, Naftifine hydrochloride,
Tolnaftate*.
Anti-protozoal Agents: Metronidazole*, Tinidazole, Ornidazole, Diloxanide, Iodoquinol,
Pentamidine Isethionate, Atovaquone, Eflornithine.
Anthelmintics: Diethylcarbamazine citrate*, Thiabendazole, Mebendazole*, Albendazole,
Niclosamide, Oxamniquine, Praziquantal, Ivermectin.
Sulphonamides and Sulfones
Historical development, chemistry, classification and SAR of Sulfonamides: Sulphamethizole,
Sulfisoxazole, Sulphamethizine, Sulfacetamide*, Sulphapyridine, Sulfamethoxaole*, Sulphadiazine,
Mefenide acetate, Sulfasalazine.
Folate reductase inhibitors: Trimethoprim*, Cotrimoxazole.
Sulfones: Dapsone*.
Unit 5 07 Hours
Introduction to Drug Design
Various approaches used in drug design.
Physicochemical parameters used in quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) such as
partition coefficient, Hammet’s electronic parameter, Tafts steric parameter and Hansch analysis.
Pharmacophore modeling and docking techniques.
Combinatorial Chemistry:
Concept and applications chemistry of combinatorial: solid phase and solution phase synthesis.

Page 144 of 214

BP607P. MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY- III (Practical)
4 Hours / week
1. Preparation of drugs and intermediates
a. Sulphanilamide
b. 7-Hydroxy, 4-methyl coumarin
c. Chlorobutanol
d. Triphenyl imidazole
e. Tolbutamide
f. Hexamine
2. Assay of drugs
a. Isonicotinic acid hydrazide
b. Chloroquine
c. Metronidazole
d. Dapsone
e. Chlorpheniramine maleate
f. Benzyl penicillin
3. Preparation of medicinally important compounds or intermediates by Microwave irradiation
technique
4. Drawing structures and reactions using chem draw®
5. Determination of physicochemical properties such as logP, clogP, MR, Molecular weight,
Hydrogen bond donors and acceptors for class of drugs course content using drug design
software Drug likeliness screening (Lipinskies RO5)
Recommended Books (Latest Editions)
1. Wilson and Giswold’s Organic medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry.
2. Foye’s Principles of Medicinal Chemistry.
3. Burger’s Medicinal Chemistry, Vol I to IV.
4. Introduction to principles of drug design- Smith and Williams.
5. Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences.
6. Martindale’s extra pharmacopoeia.
7. Organic Chemistry by I.L. Finar, Vol. II.
8. The Organic Chemistry of Drug Synthesis by Lednicer, Vol. 1-5.
9. Indian Pharmacopoeia.
10. Text book of practical organic chemistry- [Link].

Page 145 of 214

[Link] SEMESTER – VI
PHARMACOLOGY-III
Subject code: BP602T
Theory (3 Hours / Week; 4 Credits, 45 Hours)
Teaching Scheme Evaluation Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Total Theory Practical
External Internal External Internal
3 1 4 8 75 25 35 15

Scope: This subject is intended to impart the fundamental knowledge on various aspects (classification,
mechanism of action, therapeutic effects, clinical uses, side effects and contraindications) of drugs
acting on respiratory and gastrointestinal system, infectious diseases, immuno-pharmacology and in
addition,emphasis on the principles of toxicology and chronopharmacology.

Objectives: Upon completion of this course the student should be able to:
 Understand the mechanism of drug action and its relevance in the treatment of different
infectious diseases
 Comprehend the principles of toxicology and treatment of various poisoningsand
 comprehend the principles of toxicology and treatment of various poisoningsand

Course outcomes: At the end of the course, students will be able to:
CO1: Understand the fundamental scientific principles of drug action and the various mechanisms
by which drugs can mediate their pharmacological effect, understand the fundamental
principles of pharmacokinetics that underlie the absorption, distribution, metabolism and
elimination of drugs in the body.
CO2: Understand the biochemical reactions that result in the metabolism of drugs within the
body.
CO3: Understand the rationale behind designing different dosing regimens of particular drugs in
specific patient populations, understand how specific patient characteristics and genetics
can affect the response to a particular class of drugs, understand the scientific basis
underlying how two different drugs can interact within the body.
CO4: Include drugs which act on microbes, anti cancer drugs, immunosuppressant and
immunostimulant drugs and drugs acting on hormones.

Page 146 of 214

Course Content
Unit 1 10 hours
1. Pharmacology of drugs acting on Respiratory system
a. Anti -asthmatic drugs
b. Drugs used in the management of COPD
c. Expectorants and antitussives
d. Nasal decongestants
e. Respiratory stimulants
2. Pharmacology of drugs acting on the Gastrointestinal Tract
a. Antiulcer agents.
b. Drugs for constipation and diarrhoea.
c. Appetite stimulants and suppressants.
d. Digestants and carminatives.
e. Emetics and anti-emetics.
Unit 2 10 hours
3. Chemotherapy
a. General principles of chemotherapy.
b. Sulfonamides and cotrimoxazole.
c. Antibiotics- Penicillins, cephalosporins, chloramphenicol, macrolides, quinolones and
fluoroquinolins, tetracycline and aminoglycosides
Unit 3 10 hours
4. Chemotherapy
a. Antitubercular agents
b. Antileprotic agents
c. Antifungal agents
d. Antiviral drugs [Link]
e. Antimalarial drugs
f. Antiamoebic agents
Unit 4 08 hours
5. Chemotherapy
a. Urinary tract infections and sexually transmitted diseases.

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b. Chemotherapy of malignancy.
6. Immunopharmacology
a. Immunostimulants
b. Immunosuppressant: Protein drugs, monoclonal antibodies, target drugs to antigen,
biosimilars
Unit 5 07 hours
7. Principles of toxicology
a. Definition and basic knowledge of acute, subacute and chronic toxicity.
b. Definition and basic knowledge of genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, teratogenicity and
mutagenicity
c. General principles of treatment of poisoning
d. Clinical symptoms and management of barbiturates, morphine, organophosphosphorus
compound and lead, mercury and arsenic poisoning.
8. Chronopharmacology
a. Definition of rhythm and cycles.
b. Biological clock and their significance leading to chronotherapy.

Page 148 of 214

BP608P. PHARMACOLOGY-III (Practical)
4Hrs/Week
1. Dose calculation in pharmacological experiments
2. Antiallergic activity by mast cell stabilization assay
3. Study of anti-ulcer activity of a drug using pylorus ligand (SHAY) rat model and NSAIDS
induced ulcer model.
4. Study of effect of drugs on gastrointestinal motility
5. Effect of agonist and antagonists on guinea pig ileum
6. Estimation of serum biochemical parameters by using semi- autoanalyser
7. Effect of saline purgative on frog intestine
8. Insulin hypoglycemic effect in rabbit
9. Test for pyrogens ( rabbit method)
10. Determination of acute oral toxicity (LD50) of a drug from a given data
11. Determination of acute skin irritation / corrosion of a test substance
12. Determination of acute eye irritation / corrosion of a test substance
13. Calculation of pharmacokinetic parameters from a given data
14. Biostatistics methods in experimental pharmacology( student’s t test, ANOVA)
15. Biostatistics methods in experimental pharmacology (Chi square test, Wilcoxon Signed Rank
test)
*Experiments are demonstrated by simulated experiments/videos
Recommended Books (Latest Editions)
1. Rang H. P., Dale M. M., Ritter J. M., Flower R. J., Rang and Dale’s Pharmacology, Churchil
Livingstone Elsevier
2. Katzung B. G., Masters S. B., Trevor A. J., Basic and clinical pharmacology, Tata Mc Graw-
Hill
3. Goodman and Gilman’s, The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics
4. Marry Anne K. K., Lloyd Yee Y., Brian K. A., Robbin L.C., Joseph G. B., Wayne A. K., Bradley
R.W., Applied Therapeutics, The Clinical use of Drugs. The Point Lippincott Williams &
Wilkins
5. Mycek M.J, Gelnet S.B and Perper M.M. Lippincott’s Illustrated Reviews- Pharmacology
6. [Link]. Essentials of Medical Pharmacology, , JAYPEE Brothers Medical Publishers (P)
Ltd, New Delhi.
7. Sharma H. L., Sharma K. K., Principles of Pharmacology, Paras medical publisher Modern
Pharmacology with clinical Applications, by Charles [Link]& Robert,
8. Ghosh MN. Fundamentals of Experimental Pharmacology. Hilton & Company, Kolkata,
Page 149 of 214
9. Kulkarni SK. Handbook of experimental pharmacology. VallabhPrakashan,
10. [Link] and P.D. Gupta, Concepts in Chronopharmacology.

Page 150 of 214

[Link] SEMESTER – VI
HERBAL DRUG TECHNOLOGY
Subject code: BP603T
Theory (3 Hours / Week; 4 Credits, 45 Hours)
Teaching Scheme Evaluation Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Total Theory Practical
External Internal External Internal
3 1 4 8 75 25 35 15

Scope: This subject gives the student the knowledge of basic understanding of herbal drug industry, the
quality of raw material, guidelines for quality of herbal drugs, herbal cosmetics, natural sweeteners,
nutraceutical etc. The subject also emphasizes on Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), patenting and
regulatory issues of herbal drugs

Objectives: Upon completion of this course the student should be able to:
 understand raw material as source of herbal drugs from cultivation to herbal drug product
 know the WHO and ICH guidelines for evaluation of herbal drugs
 know the herbal cosmetics, natural sweeteners, nutraceuticals
 Appreciate patenting of herbal drugs, GMP .

Course outcomes: The students are expected to Learn:

CO1: The pharmacognostic aspects of Alkaloids, Enzyme marines, plant sweetener, pestisides and
herbisides specifically, the sources, the preparation methods and utilization of containing
drugs.
CO2: Understand basic idea of extraction, isolation and separation of active phytoconstituents from
medicinal plants.
CO3: Understand concept of phytochemical screening of the phytoconstituents obtained from the
natural sources.

Course content:
Unit 1 11 Hours
Herbs as raw materials
 Definition of herb, herbal medicine, herbal medicinal product, herbal drug preparation Source of
Herbs
 Selection, identification and authentication of herbal materials
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 Processing of herbal raw material
Biodynamic Agriculture
 Good agricultural practices in cultivation of medicinal plants including Organic farming.
 Pest and Pest management in medicinal plants: Biopesticides/Bioinsecticides.
Indian Systems of Medicine
 Basic principles involved in Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani and Homeopathy
 Preparation and standardization of Ayurvedic formulations viz Aristas and Asawas,
Ghutika,Churna, Lehya and Bhasma.
Unit 2 7 Hours
Nutraceuticals
 General aspects, Market, growth, scope and types of products available in the market. Health
 benefits and role of Nutraceuticals in ailments like Diabetes, CVS diseases, Cancer, Irritable bowel
syndrome and various Gastro intestinal diseases.
 Study of following herbs as health food: Alfaalfa, Chicory, Ginger, Fenugreek, Garlic,
 Honey, Amla, Ginseng, Ashwagandha, Spirulina
Herbal-Drug and Herb-Food Interactions:
 General introduction to interaction and classification. Study of following drugs and their
possible side effects and interactions: Hypercium, kava-kava, Ginkobiloba, Ginseng, Garlic,
Pepper & Ephedra.
Unit 3 10 Hours
Herbal Cosmetics
 Sources and description of raw materials of herbal origin used via, fixed oils, waxes, gums
colours, perfumes, protective agents, bleaching agents, antioxidants in products such as skin
care, hair care and oral hygiene products.
Herbal excipients:
 Significance of substances of natural origin as excipients – colorants, sweeteners, binders,
diluents, viscosity builders, disintegrants, flavors & perfumes.
Herbal formulations :
 Conventional herbal formulations like syrups, mixtures and tablets and Novel dosage forms like
phytosomes
Unit 4 10 Hours
Evaluation of Drugs
 WHO & ICH guidelines for the assessment of herbal drugs Stability testing of herbal drugs.
Patenting and Regulatory requirements of natural products:

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 Definition of the terms: Patent, IPR, Farmers right, Breeder’s right, Bioprospecting and Biopiracy
 Patenting aspects of Traditional Knowledge and Natural Products. Case study of Curcuma &
Neem.
Regulatory Issues
 Regulations in India (ASU DTAB, ASU DCC), Regulation of manufacture of ASU drugs -
Schedule Z of Drugs & Cosmetics Act for ASU drugs.
Unit 5 07 Hours
General Introduction to Herbal Industry
 Herbal drugs industry: Present scope and future prospects.
 A brief account of plant based industries and institutions involved in work on medicinal and
aromatic plants in India.
Schedule T – Good Manufacturing Practice of Indian systems of medicine
 Components of GMP (Schedule – T) and its objectives
 Infrastructural requirements, working space, storage area, machinery and equipments, standard
operating procedures, health and hygiene, documentation and records.

Page 153 of 214

BP609P. HERBAL DRUG TECHNOLOGY (Practical)
4 hours/ week
1. To perform preliminary phytochemical screening of crude drugs.
2. Determination of the alcohol content of Asava and Arista
3. Evaluation of excipients of natural origin
4. Incorporation of prepared and standardized extract in cosmetic formulations like creams, lotions
and shampoos and their evaluation.
5. Incorporation of prepared and standardized extract in formulations like syrups, mixtures and
tablets and their evaluation as per Pharmacopoeial requirements.
6. Monograph analysis of herbal drugs from recent Pharmacopoeias
7. Determination of Aldehyde content
8. Determination of Phenol content
9. Determination of total alkaloids

Recommended Books: (Latest Editions)

1. Textbook of Pharmacognosy by Trease & Evans.
2. Textbook of Pharmacognosy by Tyler, Brady & Robber.
3. Pharmacognosy by Kokate, Purohit and Gokhale
4. Essential of Pharmacognosy by [Link]
5. Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry by [Link]
6. Pharmacopoeal standards for Ayurvedic Formulation (Council of Research in Indian
Medicine & Homeopathy)
7. Mukherjee, P.W. Quality Control of Herbal Drugs: An Approach to Evaluation of Botanicals.
Business Horizons Publishers, New Delhi, India, 2002.

Page 154 of 214

[Link] SEMESTER – VI
BIOPHARMACEUTICS AND PHARMACOKINETICS
Subject code: BP604T
Theory (3 Hours / Week; 4 Credits, 45 Hours)
Teaching Scheme Evaluation Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Total Theory Practical
External Internal External Internal
3 1 0 4 75 25 0 0

Scope: This subject is designed to impart knowledge and skills of Biopharmaceutics and
pharmacokinetics and their applications in pharmaceutical development, design of dose and dosage
regimen and in solving the problems arised therein.

Objectives: Upon completion of the course student shall be able to:

 Understand the basic concepts in biopharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics and their significance.
 Use of plasma drug concentration-time data to calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters to
describe the kinetics of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, elimination.

Course outcomes: The course will help the student to have:

CO1: A good understanding of preformulation and stability aspects of various dosage forms.
CO2: Students should be able to learn in detail about role of various excipients used in various
formulations.
CO3: Students should be able to understand what drug does to the body and what body does to
the drug.
CO4: To understand the concepts of bioavailability and bioequivalence of drug products and their
significance.
CO5: Understand various pharmacokinetic parameters, their significance & applications.

Course Content:
Unit 1 10 Hours
Introduction to Biopharmaceutics
 Absorption: Mechanisms of drug absorption through GIT, factors influencing drug
absorption though GIT, absorption of drug from Non per oral extra-vascular routes,
 Distribution: Tissue permeability of drugs, binding of drugs, apparent, volume of drug
distribution, plasma and tissue protein binding of drugs, factors affecting protein-drug
Page 155 of 214
binding. Kinetics of protein binding, Clinical significance of protein binding of drugs
Unit 2 10 Hours
 Elimination: Drug metabolism and basic understanding metabolic pathways renal excretion
of drugs, factors affecting renal excretion of drugs, renal clearance, Non renal routes of drug
excretion of drugs
 Bioavailability and Bioequivalence: Definition and Objectives of bioavailability, absolute
and relative bioavailability, measurement of bioavailability, in-vitro drug dissolution models,
in-vitro-in-vivo correlations, bioequivalence studies, methods to enhance the dissolution rates
and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs.
Unit 3 10 Hours
 Pharmacokinetics: Definition and introduction to Pharmacokinetics, Compartment models,
Non compartment models, physiological models, One compartment open model. (a).
Intravenous Injection (Bolus) (b). Intravenous infusion and (c) Extra vascular
administrations. Pharmacokinetics parameters - KE ,t1/2,Vd,AUC,Ka, Clt and CLR- definitions
methods of eliminations, understanding of their significance and application
Unit 4 08 Hours
 Multicompartment models: Two compartment open model. IV bolus Kinetics of multiple
dosing, steady state drug levels, calculation of loading and mainetnance doses and their
significance in clinical settins.
Unit 5 07 Hours
 Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics:
a) Introduction,
b) Factors causing Non-linearity.
c) Michaelis-menton method of estimating parameters, Explanation with example of drugs.
Recommended Books: (Latest Editions)
1. Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacokinetics by, Milo Gibaldi.
2. Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics; By Robert F Notari
3. Applied biopharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics, Leon Shargel and Andrew [Link] 4th
edition,Prentice-Hall Inernational [Link]
4. Bio pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics-A Treatise, By D. M. Brahmankar and Sunil
[Link],Vallabh Prakashan Pitampura, Delhi
5. Pharmacokinetics: By Milo Glbaldi Donald, R. Mercel Dekker Inc.
6. Hand Book of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, By Milo Gibaldi and Laurie Prescott by ADIS Health
Science Press.
7. Biopharmaceutics; By Swarbrick
8. Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Concepts and Applications: By Malcolm Rowland and

Page 156 of 214

9. Thomas, N. Tozen, Lea and Febrger, Philadelphia, 1995.
10. Dissolution, Bioavailability and Bioequivalence, By Abdou H.M, Mack, Publishing Company,
Pennsylvania 1989.
11. Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacokinetics-An introduction 4th edition Revised and
expanded by Rebort F Notari Marcel Dekker Inn, New York and Basel, 1987.
12. Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences, By Mack Publishing Company,
13. Pennsylvnia

Page 157 of 214

[Link] SEMESTER – VI
PHARMACEUTICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
Subject code: BP605T
Theory (3 Hours / Week; 4 Credits, 45 Hours)
Teaching Scheme Evaluation Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Total Theory Practical
External Internal External Internal
3 1 0 4 75 25 0 0

Scope: Biotechnology has a long promise to revolutionize the biological sciences and technology.
Scientific application of biotechnology in the field of genetic engineering, medicine and fermentation
technology makes the subject interesting. Biotechnology is leading to new biological revolutions in
diagnosis, prevention and cure of diseases, new and cheaper pharmaceutical drugs. Biotechnology has
already produced transgenic crops and animals and the future promises lot more. It is basically a
research-based subject.

Objectives: Upon completion of the subject student shall be able to;

 Understanding the importance of Immobilized enzymes in Pharmaceutical Industries
 Genetic engineering applications in relation to production of pharmaceuticals

Course outcomes: Upon completion of the subject student shall be able to:
CO1: A good understanding about the microbial genetics and microbial biotransformation
processes.
CO2: Understand Immunology and its derived products. Understand the Importance of
fermentation techniques and Biotechnological including blood products.
CO3: Importance of Monoclonal antibodies in Industries
CO4: Appreciate the use of microorganisms in fermentation technology

Course content:
Unit 1 10 Hours
a. Brief introduction to Biotechnology with reference to Pharmaceutical Sciences.
b. Enzyme Biotechnology- Methods of enzyme immobilization and applications.
c. Biosensors- Working and applications of biosensors in Pharmaceutical Industries.
d. Brief introduction to Protein Engineering.
e. Use of microbes in industry: Production of Enzymes - General consideration - Amylase,
Page 158 of 214
Catalase, Peroxidase, Lipase, Protease, Penicillinase.
f. Basic principles of genetic engineering.
Unit 2 10 Hours
a. Study of cloning vectors, restriction endonucleases and DNA ligase.
b. Recombinant DNA technology. Application of genetic engineering in medicine.
c. Application of r DNA technology and genetic engineering in the production of:
d. Interferon ii) Vaccines- hepatitis- B iii) Hormones-Insulin.
e. Brief introduction to PCR
Unit 3 10 Hours
a. Types of immunity- humoral immunity, cellular immunity
b. Structure of Immunoglobulins
c. Structure and Function of MHC
d. Hypersensitivity reactions, Immune stimulation and Immune suppressions.
e. General method of the preparation of bacterial vaccines, toxoids, viral vaccine,
antitoxins, serum-immune blood derivatives and other products relative to immunity.
f. Storage conditions and stability of official vaccines
g. Hybridoma technology- Production, Purification and Applications
h. Blood products and Plasma Substituties.
Unit 4 08 Hours
a. Immuno blotting techniques- ELISA, Western blotting, Southern blotting.
b. Genetic organization of Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes
c. Microbial genetics including transformation, transduction, conjugation, plasmids and
transposons.
d. Introduction to Microbial biotransformation and applications.
e. Mutation: Types of mutation/mutants.
Unit 5 07 Hours
a. Fermentation methods and general requirements, study of media, equipments, sterilization
methods, aeration process, stirring.
b. Large scale production fermenter design and its various controls.
c. Study of the production of - penicillins, citric acid, Vitamin B12, Glutamic acid,
Griseofulvin,
d. Blood Products: Collection, Processing and Storage of whole human blood, dried human
plasma, plasma Substituties.

Page 159 of 214

Recommended Books (Latest edition):
1. B.R. Glick and J.J. Pasternak: Molecular Biotechnology: Principles and Applications of
RecombinantDNA: ASM Press Washington D.C.
2. RA Goldshy et. al.: Kuby Immunology.
3. J.W. Goding: Monoclonal Antibodies.
4. J.M. Walker and E.B. Gingold: Molecular Biology and Biotechnology by Royal Society of
Chemistry.
5. Zaborsky: Immobilized Enzymes, CRC Press, Degraland, Ohio.
6. S.B. Primrose: Molecular Biotechnology (Second Edition) Blackwell Scientific Publication.
7. Stanbury F., P., Whitakar A., and Hall J., S., Principles of fermentation technology, 2nd
edition, Aditya books Ltd., New Delhi

Page 160 of 214

[Link] SEMESTER – VI
QUALITY ASSURANCE
Subject code: BP606T
Theory (3 Hours / Week; 4 Credits, 45 Hours)
Teaching Scheme Evaluation Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Total Theory Practical
External Internal External Internal
3 1 0 4 75 25 0 0

Scope: This course deals with the various aspects of quality control and quality assurance aspects of
pharmaceutical industries. It deals with the important aspects like cGMP, QC tests, documentation,
quality certifications and regulatory affairs.

Objectives: Upon completion of the course student shall be able to:

 Understand the cGMP aspects in a pharmaceutical industry
 Appreciate the importance of documentation

Course outcomes:
CO1: Demonstrate an understanding of the QA and QC, quality, good pharmacy practices,
regulatory guidelines, and patent issues related with different drugs and pharmaceuticals.
CO2: Understand the responsibilities of QA & QC departments.
CO3: Understand the scope of quality certifications applicable to pharmaceutical industries

Course content:
Unit 1 10 Hours
 Quality Assurance and Quality Management concepts: Definition and concept of Quality
control, Quality assurance and GMP
 Total Quality Management (TQM): Definition, elements, philosophies
 ICH Guidelines: purpose, participants, process of harmonization, Brief overview of QSEM,
with special emphasis on Q-series guidelines, ICH stability testing guidelines
 Quality by design (QbD): Definition, overview, elements of QbD program, tools ISO 9000 &
ISO14000: Overview, Benefits, Elements, steps for registration
 NABL accreditation : Principles and procedures
Unit 2 10 Hours

Page 161 of 214

 Organization and personnel: Personnel responsibilities, training, hygiene and personal
records. Premises: Design, construction and plant layout, maintenance, sanitation,
environmental control, utilities and maintenance of sterile areas, control of contamination.
 Equipments and raw materials: Equipment selection, purchase specifications, maintenance,
purchase specifications and maintenance of stores for raw materials.
Unit 3 10 Hours
 Quality Control: Quality control test for containers, rubber closures and secondary packing
materials.
 Good Laboratory Practices: General Provisions, Organization and Personnel, Facilities,
Equipment, Testing Facilities Operation, Test and Control Articles, Protocol for Conduct of
a Nonclinical Laboratory Study, Records and Reports, Disqualification of Testing Facilities
Unit 4 08 Hours
 Complaints: Complaints and evaluation of complaints, Handling of return good, recalling
and waste disposal.
 Document maintenance in pharmaceutical industry: Batch Formula Record, Master Formula
Record, SOP, Quality audit, Quality Review and Quality documentation, Reports and
documents, distribution records.
Unit 5 07 Hours
 Calibration and Validation: Introduction, definition and general principles of calibration,
qualification and validation, importance and scope of validation, types of validation,
validation master plan. Calibration of pH meter, Qualification of UV-Visible
spectrophotometer, General principles of Analytical method Validation.
 Warehousing: Good warehousing practice, materials management
Recommended Books: (Latest Edition)
1. Quality Assurance Guide by organization of Pharmaceutical Products of India.
2. Good Laboratory Practice Regulations, 2nd Edition, Sandy Weinberg Vol. 69.
3. Quality Assurance of Pharmaceuticals- A compendium of Guide lines and Related materials
Vol I WHO Publications.
4. A guide to Total Quality Management- Kushik Maitra and Sedhan K Ghosh
5. How to Practice GMP’s – P P Sharma.
6. ISO 9000 and Total Quality Management – Sadhank G Ghosh
7. The International Pharmacopoeia – Vol I, II, III, IV- General Methods of Analysis and Quality
specification for Pharmaceutical Substances, Excipients and Dosage forms
8. Good laboratory Practices – Marcel Deckker Series
9. ICH guidelines, ISO 9000 and 14000 guidelines

Page 162 of 214

[Link] SEMESTER – VI
FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
Subject code: BP610T
Theory (3 Hours / Week; 3 Credits, 45 Hours)
Teaching Scheme Evaluation Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Total Theory Practical
External Internal External Internal
3 0 0 3 75 25 0 0

Objective of the Course: Basic Understating of Corporate finance function, Financing decision and
Function in corporate finance

Course outcomes: Students will aware about:

CO1: Working capital estimation and management.
CO2: Knowledge on venture capital financing, corporate strategy, financial policy and
shareholder value creating etc.

Course Content
Unit 1 8 Hours
 Corporate finance function: Concept, scope and its relationship with other functional areas.
Sources of financial information, financial institutions and markets. Objectives. Function in
corporate finance- need, characteristics, classical objective functions, some real world
problems, maximizing shareholders wealth. Understanding financial statements ratio analysis,
cash flow statement, EVA, reporting on corporate governance. Present value time value of
money as basis of financial decision-making, mathematics of finance, spreadsheet modeling
in corporate finance. Risk and return concept of risk, relationship between expected return and
risk, models for risk and return - CAPM, APT and multi-factor models.
Unit 2 7 Hours
 Investment decision making: Estimating free cash flows, cost of capital decision rules, capital
budgeting rules to projects when facing capital rationing constraints. Capital structural
planning operating and financial leverage; Capital structure theories and value of firm; Capital
structure planning and policy; Cost of capital, capital structure and value of firm.
Unit 3 8 Hours
 Financing decision: Hybrid securities namely convertible and non-convertible debentures,
deep discount bonds, warrants, secured premium notes. Asset-based financing leasing, hire
purchase. Dividend policy- dividend theories, determination of dividend policy, share
buyback, retention of profits, dividend policy studies in India.

Page 163 of 214

Unit 4 5 Hours
 Venture capital financing: Concept, developments in India, process and method of financing,
fiscal incentives, debt securitization.
Unit 5 7 Hours
 Hours Working capital estimation and management: Operating cycle concept, managing cash
and cash equivalents, managing inventory, managing accounts receivables, managing
payables. Working capital financing trade credit, bank finance, commercial paper, factoring,
money market structures and recent developments.
Unit 6 5 Hours
 Valuation of M &A projects: Economics of M&A, methods of valuation NAV, PECV, MPS,
EPS.
Unit 7 5 Hours
 Corporate strategy, financial policy and shareholder value creating: Link between corporate
strategy and financial strategy, implications for capital structure, dividend policy and capital
budgeting policy of each corporate strategy.
Reference Books
1. Fundamentals of Financial Management by James C. Van Horne and John H. Wachowicz Jr.
2. Financial Management: Theory and Practice by Prasanna Chandra
3. Principles of Managerial Finance by Lawrence J Gitman
4. Financial Management by R P Rastogi
5. Financial Management by Ravi M. Kishore
6. Financial Management: Principles and Practices by Dr. S N Maheshwari
7. Financial Management by M Y Khan and P K Jain
8. Financial Management by I M Pandey
9. Financial Management by P V Kulkarni
10. Principles of Corporate Finance by Richard A. Brealey and Stewart C. Myers
11. Financial Statement Analysis by George Foster
12. Modern Corporate Finance by Alan C Shapiro and Sheldon D. Balbirer
13. Creating Value from Mergers and Acquisitions: The Challenges by Sudi Sudarsanam
14. Understanding and Analyzing Balance Sheets using Excel Worksheet by [Link]
Journals and Magazines:
1. Vikalpa (IIM, Ahmedabad)
2. Decision (IIM, Calcutta)
3. Vision (MDI, Gurgaon)

Page 164 of 214

4. Chartered Accountant (ICAI, New Delhi)
5. Management Accountant (ICWAI, now ICAI)
6. Finance and Development (IMF)
7. Capital Market
8. Outlook Business

Page 165 of 214

SEMESTER VII

Page 166 of 214

[Link] SEMESTER – VII
INSTRUMENTAL METHODS OF ANALYSIS
Subject code: BP701T
Theory (3 Hours / Week; 4 Credits, 45 Hours)
Teaching Scheme Evaluation Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Total Theory Practical
External Internal External Internal
3 1 4 8 75 25 35 15

Scope: This subject deals with the application of instrumental methods in qualitative and quantitative
analysis of drugs. This subject is designed to impart a fundamental knowledge on the principles
and instrumentation of spectroscopic and chromatographic technique. This also emphasizes on
theoretical and practical knowledge on modern analytical instruments that are used for drug testing.

Objectives: Upon completion of the course the student shall be able to

 Understand the interaction of matter with electromagnetic radiations and its applications in
drug analysis
 Understand the chromatographic separation and analysis of drugs.
 Perform quantitative & qualitative analysis of drugs using various analytical instruments.

Course outcomes:
CO1: To demonstrate an understanding of the theory and applications of the most basic
spectroscopic methods used in pharmaceutical analysis.
CO2: Learn the practical aspects and importance of quantitative a n d qualitative analysis of
different drugs, pharmaceuticals and compounds involving various spectroscopic
techniques.

Course Content:
Unit 1 10 Hours
UV Visible spectroscopy
 Electronic transitions, chromophores, auxochromes, spectral shifts, solvent effect on
absorption spectra, Beer and Lambert’s law, Derivation and deviations.
 Instrumentation - Sources of radiation, wavelength selectors, sample cells, detectors- Photo
tube, Photomultiplier tube, Photo voltaic cell, Silicon Photodiode.
 Applications - Spectrophotometric titrations, Single component and multi component analysis

Page 167 of 214

Fluorimetry
 Theory, Concepts of singlet, doublet and triplet electronic states, internal and external
conversions, factors affecting fluorescence, quenching, instrumentation and applications
Unit 2 10 Hours
IR spectroscopy
 Introduction, fundamental modes of vibrations in poly atomic molecules, sample handling,
factors affecting vibrations
 Instrumentation - Sources of radiation, wavelength selectors, detectors - Golay cell,
Bolometer, Thermocouple, Thermister, Pyroelectric detector and applications
Flame Photometry-Principle, interferences, instrumentation and applications
Atomic spectroscopy- Principle, interferences, instrumentation and applications
Nepheloturbidometry- Principle, instrumentation and applications
Unit 3 10 Hours
Introduction to chromatography
Adsorption and partition column chromatography-Methodology, advantages, disadvantages
and applications.
Thin layer chromatography- Introduction, Principle, Methodology, Rf values, advantages,
disadvantages and applications.
Paper chromatography-Introduction, methodology, development techniques, advantages,
disadvantages and applications
Electrophoresis– Introduction, factors affecting electrophoretic mobility, Techniques of paper, gel,
capillary electrophoresis, applications
Unit 4 08 Hours
Gas chromatography - Introduction, theory, instrumentation, derivatization, temperature
programming, advantages, disadvantages and applications
High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-Introduction, theory, instrumentation,
advantages and applications.
Unit 5 07 Hours
Ion exchange chromatography- Introduction, classification, ion exchange resins, properties,
mechanism of ion exchange process, factors affecting ion exchange, methodology and applications
Gel chromatography- Introduction, theory, instrumentation and applications
Affinity chromatography- Introduction, theory, instrumentation and applications

Page 168 of 214

BP705P. INSTRUMENTAL METHODS OF ANALYSIS (Practical)
4 Hours/Week
1. Determination of absorption maxima and effect of solvents on absorption maxima of
organic compounds
2. Estimation of dextrose by colorimetry
3. Estimation of sulfanilamide by colorimetry
4. Simultaneous estimation of ibuprofen and paracetamol by UV spectroscopy
5. Assay of paracetamol by UV- Spectrophotometry
6. Estimation of quinine sulfate by fluorimetry
7. Study of quenching of fluorescence
8. Determination of sodium by flame photometry
9. Determination of potassium by flame photometry
10. Determination of chlorides and sulphates by nephelo turbidometry
11. Separation of amino acids by paper chromatography
12. Separation of sugars by thin layer chromatography
13. Separation of plant pigments by column chromatography
14. Demonstration experiment on HPLC
15. Demonstration experiment on Gas Chromatography
Recommended Books (Latest Editions)
1. Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis by B.K Sharma
2. Organic spectroscopy by Y.R Sharma
3. Text book of Pharmaceutical Analysis by Kenneth A. Connors
4. Vogel’s Text book of Quantitative Chemical Analysis by A.I. Vogel
5. Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry by A.H. Beckett and J.B. Stenlake
6. Organic Chemistry by I. L. Finar
7. Organic spectroscopy by William Kemp
8. Quantitative Analysis of Drugs by D. C. Garrett
9. Quantitative Analysis of Drugs in Pharmaceutical Formulations by P. D. Sethi
10. Spectrophotometric identification of Organic Compounds by Silverstein

Page 169 of 214

[Link] SEMESTER – VII
INDUSTRIAL PHARMACY II
Subject code: BP702T
Theory (3 Hours / Week; 4 Credits, 45 Hours)
Teaching Scheme Evaluation Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Total Theory Practical
External Internal External Internal
3 1 0 4 75 25 0 0

Scope: This course is designed to impart fundamental knowledge on pharmaceutical product

development and translation from laboratory to market

Objectives: Upon completion of the course, the student shall be able to:
 Know the process of pilot plant and scale up of pharmaceutical dosage forms
 Understand the process of technology transfer from lab scale to commercial batch
 the approval process and regulatory requirements for drug products

Course outcomes:
CO1: To demonstrate an understanding of the QA and QC, quality, good pharmacy practices,
regulatory guidelines, and patent issues related with different drugs and pharmaceuticals.
CO2: Know different Laws and Acts that regulate pharmaceutical industry

Course Content:
Unit 1 10 Hours
Pilot plant scale up techniques: General considerations - including significance of personnel
requirements, space requirements, raw materials, Pilot plant scale up considerations for solids,
liquid orals, semi solids and relevant documentation, SUPAC guidelines, Introduction to platform
technology
Unit 2 10 Hours
Technology development and transfer: WHO guidelines for Technology Transfer(TT):
Terminology, Technology transfer protocol, Quality risk management, Transfer from R & D to
production (Process, packaging and cleaning), Granularity of TT Process (API, excipients,
finished products, packaging materials) Documentation, Premises and equipments, qualification
and validation, quality control, analytical method transfer, Approved regulatory bodies and
agencies, Commercialization - practical aspects and problems (case studies), TT agencies in India
- APCTD, NRDC, TIFAC, BCIL, TBSE / SIDBI; TT related documentation - confidentiality

Page 170 of 214

agreement, licensing, MoUs, legal issues
Unit 3 10 Hours
Regulatory affairs: Introduction, Historical overview of Regulatory Affairs, Regulatory
authorities, Role of Regulatory affairs department, Responsibility of Regulatory Affairs
Professionals
Regulatory requirements for drug approval: Drug Development Teams, Non-Clinical Drug
Development, Pharmacology, Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, General considerations of
Investigational New Drug (IND) Application, Investigator’s Brochure (IB) and New Drug
Application (NDA), Clinical research / BE studies, Clinical Research Protocols, Biostatistics in
Pharmaceutical Product Development, Data Presentation for FDA Submissions, Management of
Clinical Studies.
Unit 4 08 Hours
Quality management systems: Quality management & Certifications: Concept of Quality, Total
Quality Management, Quality by Design (QbD), Six Sigma concept, Out of Specifications
(OOS), Change control, Introduction to ISO 9000 series of quality systems standards, ISO
14000, NABL, GLP
Unit 5 07 Hours
Indian Regulatory Requirements: Central Drug Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) and
State Licensing Authority: Organization, Responsibilities, Certificate of Pharmaceutical Product
(COPP), Regulatory requirements and approval procedures for New Drugs.
Recommended Books: (Latest Editions)
1. Regulatory Affairs from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia modified on 7th April available at
http//[Link]/wiki/Regulatory_ Affairs.
2. International Regulatory Affairs Updates, 2005. available at [Link]
3. Douglas J Pisano and David S. Mantus. Text book of FDA Regulatory Affairs A Guide for
Prescription Drugs, Medical Devices, and Biologics’ Second Edition.
4. Regulatory Affairs brought by learning plus, inc. available at http.//[Link]/[Link].

Page 171 of 214

[Link] SEMESTER – VII
PHARMACY PRACTICE
Subject code: BP703T
Theory (3 Hours / Week; 4 Credits, 45 Hours)
Teaching Scheme Evaluation Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Total Theory Practical
External Internal External Internal
3 1 0 4 75 25 0 0

Scope: In the changing scenario of pharmacy practice in India, for successful practice of Hospital
Pharmacy, the students are required to learn various skills like drug distribution, drug information, and
therapeutic drug monitoring for improved patient care. In community pharmacy, students will be
learning various skills such as dispensing of drugs, responding to minor ailments by providing
suitable safe medication, patient counselling for improved patient care in the community set up.

Objectives: Upon completion of the course, the student shall be able to

 know various drug distribution methods in a hospital
 appreciate the pharmacy stores management and inventory control
 monitor drug therapy of patient through medication chart review and clinical review
 obtain medication history interview and counsel the patients
 identify drug related problems
 detect and assess adverse drug reactions

Course outcomes:
CO1: Good understanding of the hospital organization and formulary.
CO2: Students can also know what are the working procedures in hospital as a pharmacist in
various departments.
CO3: Able to know the methods of preparation and handing of sterile material in hospital. Able
to work as a community pharmacist as a part of Health Care system. interpret selected
laboratory results (as monitoring parameters in therapeutics) of specific disease states.
CO4: Know pharmaceutical care services
CO5: Do patient counseling in community pharmacy; appreciate the concept of Rational drug
therapy.

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Course content:
Unit 1 10 Hours
A. Hospital and it’s organization
Definition, Classification of hospital- Primary, Secondary and Tertiary hospitals, Classification
based on clinical and nonclinical basis, Organization Structure of a Hospital, and Medical
staffs involved in the hospital and their functions.
B. Hospital pharmacy and its organization
Definition, functions of hospital pharmacy, Organization structure, Location, Layout and staff
requirements, and Responsibilities and functions of hospital pharmacists.
C. Adverse drug reaction
Classifications - Excessive pharmacological effects, secondary pharmacological effects,
idiosyncrasy, allergic drug reactions, genetically determined toxicity, toxicity following sudden
withdrawal of drugs, Drug interaction- beneficial interactions, adverse interactions, and
pharmacokinetic drug interactions, Methods for detecting drug interactions, spontaneous case
reports and record linkage studies, and Adverse drug reaction reporting and management.
D. Community Pharmacy
Organization and structure of retail and wholesale drug store, types and design, Legal
requirements for establishment and maintenance of a drug store, Dispensing of proprietary
products, maintenance of records of retail and wholesale drug store.
Unit 2 10 Hours
A. Drug distribution system in a hospital
Dispensing of drugs to inpatients, types of drug distribution systems, charging policy and
labelling, Dispensing of drugs to ambulatory patients, and Dispensing of controlled drugs.
B. Hospital formulary
Definition, contents of hospital formulary, Differentiation of hospital formulary and Drug list,
preparation and revision, and addition and deletion of drug from hospital formulary.
C. Therapeutic drug monitoring
Need for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Factors to be considered during the Therapeutic Drug
Monitoring, and Indian scenario for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring.
D. Medication adherence
Causes of medication non-adherence, pharmacist role in the medication adherence, and
monitoring of patient medication adherence.
E. Patient medication history interview
Need for the patient medication history interview, medication interview forms.
F. Community pharmacy management
Financial, materials, staff, and infrastructure requirements.

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Unit 3 10 Hours
A. Pharmacy and therapeutic committee
Organization, functions, Policies of the pharmacy and therapeutic committee in including drugs
into formulary, inpatient and outpatient prescription, automatic stop order, and emergency drug
list preparation.
B. Drug information services
Drug and Poison information centre, Sources of drug information, Computerised services, and
storage and retrieval of information.
C. Patient counseling
Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in patient counseling, and Special cases that
require the pharmacist
D. Education and training program in the hospital
Role of pharmacist in the education and training program, Internal and external training program,
Services to the nursing homes/clinics, Code of ethics for community pharmacy, and Role of
pharmacist in the interdepartmental communication and community health education.
E. Prescribed medication order and communication skills
Prescribed medication order- interpretation and legal requirements, and Communication skills-
communication with prescribers and patients.
Unit 4 08 Hours
A. Budget preparation and implementation
Budget preparation and implementation
B. Clinical Pharmacy
Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pharmacy, functions and responsibilities
of clinical pharmacist, Drug therapy monitoring - medication chart review, clinical review,
pharmacist intervention, Ward round participation, Medication history and Pharmaceutical care.
Dosing pattern and drug therapy based on Pharmacokinetic & disease pattern.
C. Over the counter (OTC) sales
Introduction and sale of over the counter, and Rational use of common over the counter
medications.
Unit 5 07 Hours
A. Drug store management and inventory control
Organisation of drug store, types of materials stocked and storage conditions, Purchase and
inventory control: principles, purchase procedure, purchase order, procurement and stocking,
Economic order quantity, Reorder quantity level, and Methods used for the analysis of the drug
expenditure
B. Investigational use of drug

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Description, principles involved, classification, control, identification, role of hospital
pharmacist, advisory committee.
C. Interpretation of Clinical Laboratory Tests
Blood chemistry, hematology, and urinalysis

Recommended Books (Latest Edition):

1. Merchant S.H. and Dr. [Link]. A textbook of hospital pharmacy, 4th ed. Ahmadabad: B.S.
Shah Prakakshan; 2001.
2. Parthasarathi G, Karin Nyfort-Hansen, Milap C Nahata. A textbook of Clinical Pharmacy
Practice- essential concepts and skills, 1st ed. Chennai: Orient Longman Private Limited; 2004.
3. William E. Hassan. Hospital pharmacy, 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger; 1986.

4. Tipnis Bajaj. Hospital Pharmacy, 1st ed. Maharashtra: Career Publications; 2008.
5. Scott LT. Basic skills in interpreting laboratory data, 4thed. American Society of Health System
Pharmacists Inc; 2009.
6. Parmar N.S. Health Education and Community Pharmacy, 18th ed. India: CBS
7. Publishers & Distributers; 2008.

Journals:
1. Therapeutic drug monitoring. ISSN: 0163-4356
2. Journal of pharmacy practice. ISSN : 0974-8326
3. American journal of health system pharmacy. ISSN: 1535-2900 (online)
4. Pharmacy times (Monthly magazine)

Page 175 of 214

[Link] SEMESTER – VII
NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
Subject code: BP704T
Theory (3 Hours / Week; 4 Credits, 45 Hours)
Teaching Scheme Evaluation Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Total Theory Practical
External Internal External Internal
3 1 0 4 75 25 0 0

Scope: This subject is designed to impart basic knowledge on the area of novel drug delivery systems.

Objectives: Upon completion of the course student shall be able

 To understand various approaches for development of novel drug delivery systems.
 To understand the criteria for selection of drugs and polymers for the development of Novel
drug delivery systems, their formulation and evaluation

Course outcomes: The course will help the student to have:

Course content:
Unit 1 10 Hours
Controlled drug delivery systems: Introduction, terminology/definitions and rationale,
advantages, disadvantages, selection of drug [Link] to design controlled release
formulations based on diffusion, dissolution and ion exchange principles. Physicochemical and
biological properties of drugs relevant to controlled release formulations
Polymers: Introduction, classification, properties, advantages and application of polymers in
formulation of controlled release drug delivery systems.
Unit 2 10 Hours
Microencapsulation: Definition, advantages and disadvantages, microspheres/microcapsules,
microparticles, methods of microencapsulation, applications
Mucosal Drug Delivery system: Introduction, Principles of bioadhesion/ mucoadhesion,
concepts, advantages and disadvantages, transmucosal permeability and formulation
considerations of buccal delivery systems

Page 176 of 214

Implantable Drug Delivery Systems: Introduction, advantages and disadvantages, concept of
implantsand osmotic pump
Unit 3 10 Hours
Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems: Introduction, Permeation through skin, factors affecting
permeation, permeation enhancers, basic components of TDDS, formulation approaches
Gastroretentive drug delivery systems: Introduction, advantages, disadvantages, approaches for
GRDDS – Floating, high density systems, inflatable and gastroadhesive systems and their
applications
Nasopulmonary drug delivery system: Introduction to Nasal and Pulmonary routes of drug
delivery, Formulation of Inhalers (dry powder and metered dose), nasal sprays, nebulizers
Unit 4 08 Hours
Targeted drug Delivery: Concepts and approaches advantages and disadvantages, introduction to
liposomes, niosomes, nanoparticles, monoclonal antibodies and their applications
Unit 5 07 Hours
Ocular Drug Delivery Systems: Introduction, intra ocular barriers and methods to overcome
Preliminary study, ocular formulations and ocuserts
Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems: Introduction, advantages and disadvantages, development
of intra uterine devices (IUDs) and applications
Recommended Books: (Latest Editions)
1. Y W. Chien, Novel Drug Delivery Systems, 2nd edition, revised and expanded, Marcel
Dekker, Inc., New York, 1992.
2. Robinson, J. R., Lee V. H. L, Controlled Drug Delivery Systems, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New
York, 1992.
3. Encyclopedia of Controlled Delivery. Edith Mathiowitz, Published by Wiley Interscience
Publication, John Wiley and Sons, Inc, New York. Chichester/Weinheim
4. N.K. Jain, Controlled and Novel Drug Delivery, CBS Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi,
First edition 1997 (reprint in 2001).
5. S.P. Vyas and R.K. Khar, Controlled Drug Delivery -concepts and advances, Vallabh
Prakashan, New Delhi, First edition 2002.
Journals
1. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (IPA)
2. Indian Drugs (IDMA)
3. Journal of Controlled Release (Elsevier Sciences)
4. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy (Marcel & Decker)
5. International Journal of Pharmaceutics (Elsevier Sciences)

Page 177 of 214

[Link] SEMESTER – VII
MATERIAL AND OPERATION MANAGEMENT
Subject code: BP707T
Theory (3 Hours / Week; 3 Credits, 45 Hours)
Teaching Scheme Evaluation Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Total Theory Practical
External Internal External Internal
3 0 0 3 80 20 0 0

Objective of the Course: Basic Understanding of Materials planning, production and operations
management, Facilities planning and Layout of manufacturing /service facility.

Student Outcomes: Students will understand:

CO1: Product layout, process layout, Integrated materials management, production and operations
management etc.

Course Content:
Unit 1 5 Hours
Integrated materials management: Concept, need, definition, and scope and advantages.
Unit 2 5 Hours
Materials planning: Need and definition, factors affecting planning, external and internal,
purchasing and materials planning, techniques of planning, guidelines of planning.
Unit 3 6 Hours
Materials identification and standardization: Classification of materials, codification systems,
standardization.
Unit 4 4 Hours
Inventory control: Importance and scope, costs, economic order quantity; Inventory control
techniques.
Unit 5 8 Hours
Introduction to production and operations management: Evaluation of Production / operations
management; Nature of production/operations management; Production function and it
environment, functions of production /operations manager, organization of production function.
Unit 6 7 Hours
Facilities planning: Product selection and design, service design, process and technology selection,
location of manufacturing / service facility, center of gravity and median models, dimensional
analysis, Brown and Gibson model.
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Unit 7 5 Hours
Layout of manufacturing /service facility: Product layout, process layout, fixed position and group
layout, layout design; Relationship based and load-distance cost matrix, materials handling
concepts.
Unit 8 5 Hours
Production planning and control: Aggregate production planning, materials requirement planning,
operations scheduling and production, activity control for mass manufacturing, batch processing
and job shop.

Reference Books
1. Operations Research by Kalavathy, S.
2. Operations Research by Kapoor, V.K.
3. Operations Research by Paneerselvam, R.
4. Operations Research: Theory and Applications by Sharma, J.K.
5. Operations Research: An Introduction by Taha, H.A.
6. Operations Management by Bernard Taylor
7. Production and Operations Management by Adam, Ronald and Ebert
8. Production and Operations Management by Aswathappa and Bhat.

Page 179 of 214

SEMESTER VIII

Page 180 of 214

[Link] SEMESTER – VIII
BIOSTATISTICS AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Subject code: BP801T
Theory (3 Hours / Week; 4 Credits, 45 Hours)
Teaching Scheme Evaluation Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Total Theory Practical
External Internal External Internal
3 1 0 4 75 25 0 0

Scope: To understand the applications of Biostatics in Pharmacy. This subject deals with descriptive
statistics, Graphics, Correlation, Regression, logistic regression Probability theory, Sampling
technique, Parametric tests, Non Parametric tests, ANOVA, Introduction to Design of Experiments,
Phases of Clinical trials and Observational and Experimental studies, SPSS, R and MINITAB
statistical software’s, analyzing the statistical data using Excel.

Objectives: Upon completion of the course the student shall be able to

1. Know the operation of M.S. Excel, SPSS, R and MINITAB®, DoE (Design of Experiment)
2. Know the various statistical techniques to solve statistical problems
3. Appreciate statistical techniques in solving the problems.

Course outcomes: Study gives insights with the great knowledge on:
CO1: Descriptive statistics, Graphics, Correlation, Regression, logistic regression Probability
theory, Sampling technique, Parametric tests, Non Parametric tests, ANOVA.
CO2: Introduction to Design of Experiments, Phases of Clinical trials and Observational and
Experimental studies, SPSS, R and MINITAB statistical software’s, analyzing the
statistical data using Excel.

Course content:
Unit 1 10 Hours
 Introduction: Statistics, Biostatistics, Frequency distribution
 Measures of central tendency: Mean, Median, Mode- Pharmaceutical examples Measures of
dispersion: Dispersion, Range, standard deviation, Pharmaceutical problems
 Correlation: Definition, Karl Pearson’s coefficient of correlation, Multiple correlation -
Pharmaceuticals examples
Unit 2 10 Hours
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 Regression: Curve fitting by the method of least squares, fitting the lines y= a + bx and x = a +
by, Multiple regression, standard error of regression– Pharmaceutical Examples
Probability:Definition of probability, Binomial distribution, Normal distribution, Poisson’s
distribution, properties - problems
 Sample, Population, large sample, small sample, Null hypothesis, alternative hypothesis,
sampling, essence of sampling, types of sampling, Error-I type, Error-II type, Standard error of
mean (SEM) - Pharmaceutical examples
 Parametric test: t-test(Sample, Pooled or Unpaired and Paired) , ANOVA, (One way and Two
way), Least Significance difference
Unit 3 10 Hours
 Non Parametric tests: Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test,
Friedman Test
 Introduction to Research: Need for research, Need for design of Experiments, Experiential
Design Technique, plagiarism
 Graphs: Histogram, Pie Chart, Cubic Graph, response surface plot, Counter Plot graph
 Designing the methodology: Sample size determination and Power of a study, Report writing
and presentation of data, Protocol, Cohorts studies, Observational studies, Experimental
studies, Designing clinical trial, various phases.
Unit 4 08 Hours
 Blocking and confounding system for Two-level factorials
 Regression modeling: Hypothesis testing in Simple and Multiple regressionmodels
 Introduction to Practical components of Industrial and Clinical Trials Problems:
Statistical Analysis Using Excel, SPSS, MINITAB®, DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS, R -
Online Statistical Software’s to Industrial and Clinical trial approach
Unit 5 07 Hours
 Design and Analysis of experiments

 Factorial Design: Definition, 22, 23design. Advantage of factorial design

 Response Surface methodology: Central composite design, Historical design, Optimization
Techniques
Recommended Books (Latest edition):
1. Pharmaceutical statistics- Practical and clinical applications, Sanford Bolton, publisher Marcel
Dekker Inc. NewYork.
2. Fundamental of Statistics – Himalaya Publishing House- [Link]
3. Design and Analysis of Experiments –PHI Learning Private Limited, R. Pannerselvam.
4. Design and Analysis of Experiments –Wiley Students Edition, Douglas and C. Montgomery

Page 182 of 214

[Link] SEMESTER – VIII
SOCIAL AND PREVENTIVE PHARMACY
Subject code: BP802T
Theory (3 Hours / Week; 4 Credits, 45 Hours)
Teaching Scheme Evaluation Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Total Theory Practical
External Internal External Internal
3 1 0 4 75 25 0 0

Scope: The purpose of this course is to introduce to students a number of health issues and their
challenges. This course also introduced a number of national health programmes. The roles of the
pharmacist in these contexts are also discussed.

Objectives: After the successful completion of this course, the student shall be able to:
 Acquire high consciousness/realization of current issuesrelated to health and pharmaceutical
problems within the country and worldwide.
 Introduced national health program.

Course outcomes: The curriculum of the course is designed to aware the students regarding:
CO1: A number of national health programmes, the roles of the pharmacist, solves the problems
related to health and pharmaceutical issues.
CO2: Have a critical way of thinking based on current healthcare development.
CO3: Evaluatealternative ways of solving problems related to health and pharmaceutical issues

Course content:
Unit 1 10 Hours
 Concept of health and disease: Definition, concepts and evaluation of public health.
Understanding the concept of prevention and control of disease, social causes of diseases and
social problems of the sick.
 Social and health education: Food in relation to nutrition and health, Balanced diet,
Nutritional deficiencies, Vitamin deficiencies, Malnutrition and its prevention.
 Sociology and health: Socio cultural factors related to health and disease, Impact of
urbanization on health and disease, Poverty and health
 Hygiene and health: personal hygiene and health care; avoidable habits
Unit 2 10 Hours
Page 183 of 214
 Preventive medicine: General principles of prevention and control of diseases such as
cholera, SARS, Ebola virus, influenza, acute respiratory infections, malaria, chicken
guinea, dengue, lymphatic filariasis, pneumonia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cancer, drug
addiction-drug substance abuse
Unit 3 10 Hours
 National health programs, its objectives, functioning and outcome of the following: HIV
AND AIDS control programme, TB, Integrated disease surveillance program (IDSP), National
leprosy control programme, National mental health program, National programme for
prevention and control of deafness, Universal immunization programme, National programme
for control of blindness, Pulse polio programme.
Unit 4 08 Hours
 National health intervention programme for mother and child, National family welfare
programme, National tobacco control programme, National Malaria Prevention Program,
National programme for the health care for the elderly, Social health programme; role of WHO
in Indian national program
Unit 5 07 Hours
 Community services in rural, urban and school health: Functions of PHC, Improvement in
rural sanitation, national urban health mission, Health promotion and education in school.
Recommended Books (Latest edition):
1. Short Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, Prabhakara GN, 2 nd Edition, 2010, ISBN:
9789380704104, JAYPEE Publications
2. Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine (Mahajan and Gupta), Edited by Roy Rabindra
Nath, Saha Indranil, 4th Edition, 2013, ISBN: 9789350901878, JAYPEE Publications
3. Review of Preventive and Social Medicine (Including Biostatistics), Jain Vivek, 6 th Edition,
2014, ISBN: 9789351522331, JAYPEE Publications
4. Essentials of Community Medicine—A Practical Approach, Hiremath Lalita D, Hiremath
Dhananjaya A, 2nd Edition, 2012, ISBN: 9789350250440, JAYPEE Publications
5. Park Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, K Park, 21 st Edition, 2011, ISBN-14:
9788190128285, BANARSIDAS BHANOT PUBLISHERS.
6. Community Pharmacy Practice, Ramesh Adepu, BSP publishers, Hyderabad
Recommended Journals:
1. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, Elsevier, Ireland

Page 184 of 214

[Link] SEMESTER – VIII
PHARMACEUTICAL MARKETING
Subject code: BP803ET
Theory (3 Hours / Week; 4 Credits, 45 Hours)
Teaching Scheme Evaluation Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Total Theory Practical
External Internal External Internal
3 1 0 4 75 25 0 0

Scope:The pharmaceutical industry not only needs highly qualified researchers, chemists and,
technical people, but also requires skilled managers who can take the industry forward by managing
and taking the complex decisions which are imperative for the growth of the industry. The Knowledge
and Know-how of marketing management groom the people for taking a challenging role in Sales and
Product management.

Course Objective: The course aims to provide

 An understanding of marketing concepts
 Techniques and their applications in the pharmaceutical industry.

Course outcomes: By the end of the course, the students have

CO1: Good expertise on the marketing aspects and be a decision taken in the market platform.
CO2: Applied these knowledge for fulfill the challenging task in the sale and production point of
view.

Course contents:
Unit 1 10 Hours
Marketing:
 Definition, general concepts and scope of marketing; Distinction between marketing &
selling; Marketing environment; Industry and competitive analysis; Analyzing consumer
buying behavior; industrial buying behavior.
Pharmaceutical market:
 Quantitative and qualitative aspects; size and composition of the market; demographic
descriptions and socio-psychological characteristics of the consumer; market segmentation&
[Link] profile; Motivation and prescribing habits of the physician; patients'
choice of physician and retail [Link] the Market;Role of market research.

Page 185 of 214

Unit 2 10 Hours
Product decision:
 Classification, product line and product mix decisions, product life cycle,product portfolio
analysis; product positioning; New product decisions; Product branding, packaging and
labeling decisions, Product management in pharmaceutical industry.
Unit 3 10 Hours
Promotion:
 Methods, determinants of promotional mix, promotional budget; An overview of personal
selling, advertising, direct mail, journals, sampling, retailing, medical exhibition, public
relations, online promotional techniques for OTC Products.
Unit 4 10 Hours
Pharmaceutical marketing channels:
 Designing channel, channel members, selecting the appropriate channel, conflict in channels,
physical distribution management: Strategic importance, tasks in physical distribution
management.
Professional sales representative (PSR):
 Duties of PSR, purpose of detailing, selection and training, supervising, norms for customer
calls, motivating, evaluating, compensation and future prospects of the PSR.
Unit 5 10 Hours
Pricing:
 Meaning, importance, objectives, determinants of price; pricing methods and strategies,
issues in price management in pharmaceutical industry.
 An overview of DPCO (Drug Price Control Order)and NPPA (National Pharmaceutical Pricing
Authority).
Emerging concepts in marketing:
 Vertical & Horizontal Marketing; RuralMarketing; Consumerism; Industrial Marketing;
Global Marketing.
Recommended Books: (Latest Editions)
1. Philip Kotler and Kevin Lane Keller: Marketing Management, Prentice Hall of India, New
Delhi
2. Walker, Boyd and Larreche: Marketing Strategy- Planning and Implementation, Tata MC
GrawHill, New Delhi.
3. Dhruv Grewal and Michael Levy: Marketing, Tata MC Graw Hill
4. Arun Kumar and N Menakshi: Marketing Management, Vikas Publishing, India
5. Rajan Saxena: Marketing Management; Tata MC Graw-Hill (India Edition)
6. Ramaswamy, U.S & Nanakamari, S: Marketing Managemnt:Global Perspective,
Page 186 of 214
IndianContext,Macmilan India, New Delhi.
7. Shanker, Ravi: Service Marketing, Excell Books, New Delhi
8. Subba Rao Changanti, Pharmaceutical Marketing in India (GIFT – Excel series) Excel
Publications.

Page 187 of 214

[Link] SEMESTER – VIII
PHARMACEUTICAL REGULATORY SCIENCE
Subject code: BP804ET
Theory (3 Hours / Week; 4 Credits, 45 Hours)
Teaching Scheme Evaluation Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Total Theory Practical
External Internal External Internal
3 1 0 4 75 25 0 0

Scope: This course is designed to impart the fundamental knowledge on the regulatory requirements
for approval of new drugs, and drug products in regulated markets of India & other countries like US,
EU, Japan, Australia,UK etc. It prepares the students to learn in detail on the regulatory requirements,
documentation requirements, and registration procedures for marketing the drug products.

Objectives: Upon completion of the subject student shall be able to;

 Know about the process of drug discovery and development
 Know the regulatory authorities and agencies governing the manufacture and sale of
pharmaceuticals
 Know the regulatory approval process and their registration in Indian and international markets

Course outcomes: The students will get the knowledge on:

CO1: The process of drug discovery, development and generic product development
CO2: Describe the regulatory approval process and registration procedures for API and drug
products in various countries
CO3: Learn the basic understanding of regulations of India with other global regulated markets

Course content:
Unit 1 10Hours
New Drug Discovery and development
 Stages of drug discovery, Drug development process, pre-clinical studies, non-clinical
activities, clinical studies, Innovator and generics, Concept of generics, Generic drug
product development.
Unit 2 10 Hours
Regulatory Approval Process
 Approval processes and timelines involved in Investigational New Drug (IND), New Drug
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Application (NDA), Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA). Changes to an approved
NDA / ANDA.
Regulatory authorities and agencies
 Overview of regulatory authorities of India, United States, European Union, Australia, Japan,
Canada (Organization structure and types of applications)
Unit 3 10 Hours
Registration of Indian drug product in overseas market
 Procedure for export of pharmaceutical products, Technical documentation, Drug Master Files
(DMF), Common Technical Document (CTD), electronic Common Technical Document
(eCTD), ASEAN Common Technical Document (ACTD)research.
Unit 4 08Hours
Clinical trials
 Developing clinical trial protocols, Institutional Review Board / Independent Ethics committee
- formation and working procedures, Informed consent process and procedures, GCP
obligations of Investigators, sponsors & Monitors, Managing and Monitoring clinical trials,
Pharmacovigilance - safety monitoring in clinical trials
Unit 5 07Hours
Regulatory Concepts
 Basic terminology, guidance, guidelines, regulations, Laws and Acts, Orange book, Federal
Register, Code of Federal Regulatory, Purple book
Recommended books (Latest edition):
1. Drug Regulatory Affairs by Sachin Itkar, Dr. N.S. Vyawahare, Nirali Prakashan.
2. The Pharmaceutical Regulatory Process, Second Edition Edited by Ira R. Berry and Robert P.
Martin, Drugs and the Pharmaceutical Sciences,Vol.185. Informa Health care Publishers.
3. New Drug Approval Process: Accelerating Global Registrations By Richard A Guarino, MD,
5th edition, Drugs and the Pharmaceutical Sciences,Vol.190.
4. Guidebook for drug regulatory submissions / Sandy Weinberg. By John Wiley & Sons. Inc.
5. FDA Regulatory Affairs: a guide for prescription drugs, medical devices, and biologics /edited
by Douglas J. Pisano, David Mantus.
6. Generic Drug Product Development, Solid Oral Dosage forms, Leon Shargel and Isader
Kaufer, Marcel Dekker series, Vol.143
7. Clinical Trials and Human Research: A Practical Guide to Regulatory Compliance
8. By Fay A. Rozovsky and Rodney K. Adams
9. Principles and Practices of Clinical Research, Second Edition Edited by John I. Gallin and
Frederick P. Ognibene
10. Drugs: From Discovery to Approval, Second Edition By Rick Ng

Page 189 of 214

[Link] SEMESTER – VIII
PHARMACOVIGILANCE
Subject code: BP805ET
Theory (3 Hours / Week; 4 Credits, 45 Hours)
Teaching Scheme Evaluation Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Total Theory Practical
External Internal External Internal
3 1 0 4 75 25 0 0

Scope: This paper will provide an opportunity for the student to learn about development of
pharmacovigilance as a science, basic terminologies used in pharmacovigilance, global scenario of
Pharmacovigilance, train students on establishing pharmacovigilance programme in an organization,
various methods that can be used to generate safety data and signal detection. This paper also develops
the skills of classifying drugs, diseases and adverse drug reactions.

Objectives: At completion of this paper it is expected that students will be able to (know, do, and
appreciate):
 Why drug safety monitoring is important?
 History and development of pharmacovigilance
 National and international scenario of pharmacovigilance
 Dictionaries, coding and terminologies used in pharmacovigilance
 Detection of new adverse drug reactions and their assessment
 International standards for classification of diseases and drugs
 Adverse drug reaction reporting systems and communication in pharmacovigilance
 Methods to generate safety data during pre clinical, clinical and post approval phases of drugs’
life cycle

Course outcomes: This course will provide t h e k n o w l e d g e about:

CO1: Development of pharmacovigilance as a science, basic terminologies used in
pharmacovigilance, global scenario of Pharmacovigilance, train students on establishing
pharmacovigilance programme in an organization
CO2: Various methods that can be used to generate safety data and signal detection. This paper
also develops the skills of classifying drugs, diseases and adverse drug reactions.
CO3: Drug safety evaluation in paediatrics, geriatrics, pregnancy and lactation Pharmacovigilance
Program of India (PvPI) requirement for ADR reporting in India

Page 190 of 214

CO4: ICH guidelines for ICSR, PSUR, expedited reporting, pharmacovigilance planning, CIOMS
requirements for ADR reporting, writing case narratives of adverse events and their quality.

Course Content
Unit 1 10 Hours
Introduction to Pharmacovigilance
 History and development of Pharmacovigilance
 Importance of safety monitoring of Medicine
 WHO international drug monitoring programme
 Pharmacovigilance Program of India(PvPI)
Introduction to adverse drug reactions
 Definitions and classification of ADRs
 Detection and reporting
 Methods in Causality assessment
 Severity and seriousness assessment
 Predictability and preventability assessment
 Management of adverse drug reactions
Basic terminologies used in pharmacovigilance
 Terminologies of adverse medication related events
 Regulatory terminologies
Unit 2 10 hours
Drug and disease classification
 Anatomical, therapeutic and chemical classification of drugs
 International classification of diseases
 Daily defined doses
 International Non proprietary Names for drugs
Drug dictionaries and coding in pharmacovigilance
 WHO adverse reaction terminologies
 MedDRA and Standardised MedDRA queries
 WHO drug dictionary
 Eudravigilance medicinal product dictionary
Information resources in pharmacovigilance
Page 191 of 214
 Basic drug information resources
 Specialised resources for ADRs
Establishing pharmacovigilance programme
 Establishing in a hospital
 Establishment & operation of drug safety department in industry
 Contract Research Organisations (CROs)
 Establishing a national programme
Unit 3 10 Hours
Vaccine safety surveillance
 Vaccine Pharmacovigilance
 Vaccination failure
 Adverse events following immunization
Pharmacovigilance methods
 Passive surveillance – Spontaneous reports and case series
 Stimulated reporting
 Active surveillance – Sentinel sites, drug event monitoring and registries
 Comparative observational studies – Cross sectional study, case control study and cohort study
 Targeted clinical investigations
Communication in pharmacovigilance
 Effective communication in Pharmacovigilance
 Communication in Drug Safety Crisis management
 Communicating with Regulatory Agencies, Business Partners, Healthcare facilities & Media
Unit 4 8 Hours
Safety data generation
 Pre clinical phase
 Clinical phase
 Post approval phase (PMS)
ICH Guidelines for Pharmacovigilance
 Organization and objectives of ICH
 Expedited reporting
 Individual case safety reports

Page 192 of 214

 Periodic safety update reports
 Post approval expedited reporting
 Pharmacovigilance planning
 Good clinical practice in pharmacovigilance studies
Unit 5 7 hours
Pharmacogenomics of adverse drug reactions
 Genetics related ADR with example focusing PK parameters.
 Drug safety evaluation in special population
 Paediatrics
 Pregnancy and lactation
 Geriatrics
CIOMS
 CIOMS Working Groups
 CIOMS Form
CDSCO (India) and Pharmacovigilance
 D&C Act and Schedule Y
 Differences in Indian and global pharmacovigilance requirements
Recommended Books (Latest edition):
1. Textbook of Pharmacovigilance: S K Gupta, Jaypee Brothers, Medical Publishers.
2. Practical Drug Safety from A to Z By Barton Cobert, Pierre Biron, Jones and Bartlett
Publishers.
3. Mann's Pharmacovigilance: Elizabeth B. Andrews, Nicholas, Wiley Publishers.
4. Stephens' Detection of New Adverse Drug Reactions: John Talbot, Patrick Walle, Wiley
Publishers.
5. An Introduction to Pharmacovigilance: Patrick Waller, Wiley Publishers.
6. Cobert's Manual of Drug Safety and Pharmacovigilance: Barton Cobert, Jones& Bartlett
Publishers.
7. Textbook of Pharmacoepidemiolog edited by Brian L. Strom, Stephen E Kimmel, Sean
Hennessy, Wiley Publishers.
8. A Textbook of Clinical Pharmacy Practice -Essential Concepts and Skills:G. Parthasarathi,
Karin NyfortHansen,Milap C. Nahata
9. National Formulary of India
10. Text Book of Medicine by Yashpal MunjalText book of Pharmacovigilance: concept and
practice by GP Mohanta and PK Manna
Page 193 of 214
11. [Link]
12. [Link]
13. [Link]
14. [Link]
15. [Link]
16. [Link]

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[Link] SEMESTER – VIII
QUALITY CONTROL AND STANDARDIZATION OF HERBALS
Subject code: BP806ET
Theory (3 Hours / Week; 4 Credits, 45 Hours)
Teaching Scheme Evaluation Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Total Theory Practical
External Internal External Internal
3 1 0 4 75 25 0 0

Scope: In this subject the student learns about the various methods and guidelines for evaluation
and standardization of herbs and herbal drugs. The subject also provides an opportunity for the
student to learn cGMP, GAP and GLP in traditional system of medicines.

Objectives: Upon completion of the subject student shall be able to;

 Know WHO guidelines for quality control of herbal drugs
 Know Quality assurance in herbal drug industry

Course outcomes: This subject will help the student

CO1: Know the details of various methods and guidelines for the evaluation and standardization
of herbs and herb drugs.
CO2: Know the regulatory approval process and their registration in Indian and international
markets
CO3: Appreciate EU and ICH guidelines for quality control of herbal drugs

Course content:
Unit 1 10 hours
 Basic tests for drugs – Pharmaceutical substances, Medicinal plants materials and dosage forms
 WHO guidelines for quality control of herbal drugs. Evaluation of commercial crude drugs
intended for use
Unit 2 10 hours
 Quality assurance in herbal drug industry of cGMP, GAP, GMP and GLP in traditional
system of medicine.
 WHO Guidelines on current good manufacturing Practices (cGMP) for Herbal Medicines WHO
Guidelines on GACP for Medicinal Plants.
Unit 3 10 hours
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 EU and ICH guidelines for quality control of herbal drugs.
 Research Guidelines for Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Herbal Medicines

Unit 4 08 hours
 Stability testing of herbal [Link] of various chromatographic techniques in
standardization of herbal products.
 Preparation of documents for new drug application and export registration GMP requirements
and Drugs & Cosmetics Act provisions.
Unit 5 07 hours
 Regulatory requirements for herbal medicines.
 WHO guidelines on safety monitoring of herbal medicines in pharmacovigilance systems
Comparison of various Herbal Pharmacopoeias.
 Role of chemical and biological markers in standardization of herbal products
Recommended Books: (Latest Editions)
1. Pharmacognosy by Trease and Evans
2. Pharmacognosy by Kokate, Purohit and Gokhale
3. Rangari, V.D., Text book of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry Vol. I , Carrier Pub., 2006.
4. Aggrawal, S.S., Herbal Drug Technology. Universities Press, 2002.
5. EMEA. Guidelines on Quality of Herbal Medicinal Products/Traditional Medicinal Products,
6. Mukherjee, P.W. Quality Control of Herbal Drugs: An Approach to Evaluation of Botanicals.
Business Horizons Publishers, New Delhi, India, 2002.
7. Shinde M.V., Dhalwal K., Potdar K., Mahadik K. Application of quality control principles to
herbal drugs. International Journal of Phytomedicine 1(2009); p. 4-8.
8. WHO. Quality Control Methods for Medicinal Plant Materials, World Health Organization,
Geneva, 1998. WHO. Guidelines for the Appropriate Use of Herbal Medicines. WHO Regional
Publications, Western Pacific Series No 3, WHO Regional office for the Western Pacific,
Manila, 1998.
9. WHO. The International Pharmacopeia, Vol. 2: Quality Specifications, 3rd edn. World Health
Organization, Geneva, 1981. WHO. Quality Control Methods for Medicinal Plant Materials.
World Health Organization, Geneva, 1999.
10. WHO. WHO Global Atlas of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2 vol. set.
Vol. 1 contains text and Vol. 2, maps. World Health Organization, Geneva, 2005.
11. WHO. Guidelines on Good Agricultural and Collection Practices (GACP) for Medicinal Plants.
World Health Organization, Geneva, 2004.

Page 196 of 214

[Link] SEMESTER – VIII
COMPUTER AIDED DRUG DESIGN
Subject code: BP807ET
Theory (3 Hours / Week; 4 Credits, 45 Hours)
Teaching Scheme Evaluation Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Total Theory Practical
External Internal External Internal
3 1 0 4 75 25 0 0

Scope: This subject is designed to provide detailed knowledge of rational drug design process and
various techniques used in rational drug design process.

Objectives: Upon completion of the course, the student shall be able to understand
 Design and discovery of lead molecules
 The role of drug design in drug discovery process
 The concept of QSAR and docking
 Various strategies to develop new drug like molecules.
 The design of new drug molecules using molecular modeling software

Course outcomes: This part will help the student to have

CO1: A good understanding of design and discover of lead molecules.
CO2: Detail understanding of QSAR and docking and knowledge of drug development stages.

Course Content:
Unit 1 10 Hours
 Introduction to Drug Discovery and Development: Stages of drug discovery and
development
Lead discovery and Analog Based Drug Design
 Rational approaches to lead discovery based on traditional medicine, Random screening, Non-
random screening, serendipitous drug discovery, lead discovery based on drug metabolism,
lead discovery based on clinical observation.
Analog Based Drug Design
 Bioisosterism, Classification, Bioisosteric replacement. Any three case studies
Unit 2 10 Hours
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Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR)
 SAR versus QSAR, History and development of QSAR, Types of physicochemical
parameters, experimental and theoretical approaches for the determination of physicochemical
parameters such as Partition coefficient, Hammet’s substituent constant and Tafts steric
constant. Hansch analysis, Free Wilson analysis, 3D-QSAR approaches like COMFA and
COMSIA.
Unit 3 10 Hours
Molecular Modeling and virtual screening techniques
 Virtual Screening techniques: Drug likeness screening, Concept of pharmacophore mapping
and pharmacophore based Screening,
 Molecular docking: Rigid docking, flexible docking, manual docking, Docking based
screening. De novo drug design.
Unit 4 08 Hours
Informatics & Methods in drug design
 Introduction to Bioinformatics, chemoinformatics. ADME databases, chemical, biochemical
and pharmaceutical databases.
Unit 5 07 Hours
Molecular Modeling:
 Introduction to molecular mechanics and quantum [Link] Minimization methods
and Conformational Analysis, global conformational minima determination.
Recommended Books (Latest Editions)
1. Robert GCK, ed., “Drug Action at the Molecular Level” University Prak Press Baltimore.
2. Martin YC. “Quantitative Drug Design” Dekker, New York.
3. Delgado JN, Remers WA eds “Wilson & Gisvolds’s Text Book of Organic Medicinal &
Pharmaceutical Chemistry” Lippincott, New York.
4. Foye WO “Principles of Medicinal chemistry ‘Lea & Febiger.
5. Koro lkovas A, Burckhalter JH. “Essentials of Medicinal Chemistry” Wiley Interscience.
6. Wolf ME, ed “The Basis of Medicinal Chemistry, Burger’s Medicinal Chemistry” John Wiley
& Sons, New York.
7. Patrick Graham, L., An Introduction to Medicinal Chemistry, Oxford University Press.
8. Smith HJ, Williams H, eds, “Introduction to the principles of Drug Design” Wright
Boston.
9. Silverman R.B. “The organic Chemistry of Drug Design and Drug Action” Academic Press
New York.

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[Link] SEMESTER – VIII
CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Subject code: BP808ET
Theory (3 Hours / Week; 4 Credits, 45 Hours)
Teaching Scheme Evaluation Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Total Theory Practical
External Internal External Internal
3 1 0 4 75 25 0 0

Scope: Cell biology is a branch of biology that studies cells their physiological properties, their structure,
the organelles they contain, interactions with their environment, their life cycle, division, death and cell
function.

Objectives: Upon completion of the subject student shall be able to;

 Summarize cell and molecular biology history.
 Summarize cellular functioning and composition.
 Describe the chemical foundations of cell biology.
 Summarize the DNA properties of cell biology.

Course outcomes: This course will help the student to have

CO1: A detail understanding a microscopic and molecular level of cell biology research encompasses
both the great diversity of single-celled organisms like bacteria and protozoa, as well as the
many specialized cells in multi-cellular organismssuch as humans, plants, and sponges.
CO2: Describe protein structure and function.
CO3: Describe cellular membrane structure and function, basic molecular genetic mechanisms,
summarize the Cell Cycle.

Course content:
Unit 1 10 Hours
a. Cell and Molecular Biology: Definitions theory and basics and Applications.
b. Cell and Molecular Biology: History and Summation.
c. Properties of cells and cell membrane.
d. Prokaryotic versus Eukaryotic
e. Cellular Reproduction
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f. Chemical Foundations – an Introduction and Reactions (Types)
Unit 2 10 Hours
a. DNA and the Flow of Molecular Information
b. DNA Functioning
c. DNA and RNA
d. Types of RNA
e. Transcription and Translation
Unit 3 10 Hours
a. Proteins: Defined and Amino Acids
b. Protein Structure
c. Regularities in Protein Pathways
d. Cellular Processes
e. Positive Control and significance of Protein Synthesis
Unit 4 08 Hours
a. Science of Genetics
b. Transgenics and Genomic Analysis
c. Cell Cycle analysis
d. Mitosis and Meiosis
e. Cellular Activities and Checkpoints
Unit 5 07 Hours
a. Cell Signals: Introduction
b. Receptors for Cell Signals
c. Signaling Pathways: Overview
d. Misregulation of Signaling Pathways
e. Protein-Kinases: Functioning

Recommended Books (latest edition):

1. W.B. Hugo and A.D. Russel: Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Blackwell Scientific publications,
Oxford London.
2. Prescott and Dunn., Industrial Microbiology, 4th edition, CBS Publishers & Distributors, Delhi.
3. Pelczar, Chan Kreig, Microbiology, Tata McGraw Hill edn.
4. Malcolm Harris, Balliere Tindall and Cox: Pharmaceutical Microbiology.
5. Rose: Industrial Microbiology.
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6. Probisher, Hinsdill et al: Fundamentals of Microbiology, 9th ed. Japan
7. Cooper and Gunn’s: Tutorial Pharmacy, CBS Publisher and Distribution.
8. Peppler: Microbial Technology.
9. Edward: Fundamentals of Microbiology.
10. [Link]: Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Vallabh Prakashan, Delhi
11. Bergeys manual of systematic bacteriology, Williams and Wilkins- A Waverly company
12. B.R. Glick and J.J. Pasternak: Molecular Biotechnology: Principle and Applications of
RecombinantDNA: ASM Press Washington D.C.
13. RA Goldshy et. al.: Kuby Immunology.

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[Link] SEMESTER – VIII
COSMETIC SCIENCE
Subject code: BP809ET
Theory (3 Hours / Week; 4 Credits, 45 Hours)
Teaching Scheme Evaluation Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Total Theory Practical
External Internal External Internal
3 1 0 4 75 25 0 0

Course Objectives
 The course is designed to make students familiar with the formulation, manufacturing and quality
related issues of different sterile dosage forms, Aerosol, products, semi soild dosage forms and
cosmetics.
 They can also aware about current good manufacturing practices and pilot plant scale up
techniques of pharmaceutical industry

Course outcomes: The course will help the student to have

CO1: Understanding of the preparation of understanding of the preparation of parenteral products,
cosmetics, semi-solid dosage forms and their evaluation.
CO2: Students should be aware with pilot plant scale up technology. Students should be able to
understand cGMPS from pharmaceutical industry point of view.

Course contents:
Unit 1 10 Hours
 Classification of cosmetic and cosmeceutical products
 Definition of cosmetics as per Indian and EU regulations, Evolution of cosmeceuticals from
cosmetics, cosmetics as quasi and OTC drugs
 Cosmetic excipients: Surfactants, rheology modifiers, humectants, emollients, preservatives.
Classification and application
 Skin: Basic structure and function of skin.
 Hair: Basic structure of hair. Hair growth cycle.
 Oral Cavity: Common problem associated with teeth and gums.
Unit 2 10 Hours
Principles of formulation and building blocks of skin care products:

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 Face wash, Moisturizing cream, Cold Cream, Vanishing cream and their advantages and
[Link] of these products in formulation of cosmecuticals.
 Antiperspants & deodorants- Actives & mechanism of action.
 Principles of formulation and building blocks of Hair care products:
 Conditioning shampoo, Hair conditioner, anti-dandruff shampoo. Hair oils.
 Chemistry and formulation of Para-phylene diamine based hair dye. Principles of formulation and
building blocks of oral care products: Toothpaste for bleeding gums, sensitive teeth. Teeth
whitening, Mouthwash.
Unit 3 10 Hours
 Sun protection, Classification of Sunscreens and SPF.
 Role of herbs in cosmetics: Skin Care: Aloe and turmeric Hair care: Henna and amla. Oral care:
Neem and clove
 Analytical cosmetics: BIS specification and analytical methods for shampoo, skin- cream and
toothpaste.
Unit 4 08 Hours.
 Principles of Cosmetic Evaluation: Principles of sebumeter, corneometer. Measurement of
TEWL, Skin Color, Hair tensile strength, Hair combing properties
 Soaps, and syndet bars. Evolution and skin benfits. UNIT V 07 Hours
 Oily and dry skin, causes leading to dry skin, skin moisturisation. Basic understanding of the terms
Comedogenic, dermatitis.
 Cosmetic problems associated with Hair and scalp: Dandruff, Hair fall causes Cosmetic problems
associated with skin: blemishes, wrinkles, acne, prickly heat and body odor.
 Antiperspirants and Deodorants- Actives and mechanism of action

References
1. Harry’s Cosmeticology, Wilkinson, Moore, Seventh Edition, George Godwin.
2. Cosmetics – Formulations, Manufacturing and Quality Control, P.P. Sharma, 4th Edition,
Vandana Publications Pvt. Ltd., Delhi.
3. Text book of cosmelicology by Sanju Nanda & Roop K. Khar, Tata Publishers.

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[Link] SEMESTER – VIII
PHARMACOLOGICAL SCREENING METHODS
Subject code: BP810ET
Theory (3 Hours / Week; 4 Credits, 45 Hours)
Teaching Scheme Evaluation Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Total Theory Practical
External Internal External Internal
3 1 0 4 75 25 0 0

Scope: This subject is designed to impart the basic knowledge of preclinical studies in experimental
animals including design, conduct and interpretations of results.

Objectives: Upon completion of the course the student shall be able to,
 Appreciate the applications of various commonly used laboratory animals.
 Appreciate and demonstrate the various screening methods used in preclinical research
 Appreciate and demonstrate the importance of biostatistics and researchmethodology
 Design and execute a research hypothesis independently

Course outcomes: At completion of this subject it is expected that students will be able to:
CO1: Understand their role as clinical pharmacist as a health care team member.
CO2: Importance of proper prescribing, its review and required communication skills and
counselling for better therapeutic efficacy.
CO3: Needs to identify the patient-specific parameters relevant in initiating drug therapy, and
monitoring therapy including physiological conditions, time-course of clinical and laboratory
indices of therapeutic response and adverse effects.
CO4: Basic principles and management of poisoning in general and specific. Importance of
therapeutic drug monitoring in individualizing the therapy in various conditions.

Course contents:
Unit 1 08 Hours
Laboratory Animals:
 Study of CPCSEA and OECD guidelines for maintenance, breeding and conduct of experiments
on laboratory animals, Common lab animals: Description and applications of different species
and strains of animals. Popular transgenic and mutant animals.
 Techniques for collection of blood and common routes of drug administration in laboratory
Page 204 of 214
animals, Techniques of blood collection and euthanasia.
Unit 2 10 Hours
Preclinical screening models
A. Introduction: Dose selection, calculation and conversions, preparation of drug solution
/suspensions, grouping of animals and importance of sham negative and positive control groups.
Rationale for selection of animal species and sex for the study.
B. Study of screening animal models for
Diuretics, nootropics, anti-Parkinson’s, antiasthmatics, Preclinical screening models: for CNS
activity- analgesic, antipyretic,anti-inflammatory, general anaesthetics, sedative and hypnotics,
antipsychotic, antidepressant, antiepileptic, antiparkinsonism, alzheimer’s disease
Unit 3 11 Hours
Preclinical screening models: for ANS activity, sympathomimetics, sympatholytics,
parasympathomimetics, parasympatholytics, skeletal muscle relaxants, drugs acting on eye, local
anaethetics
Unit 4 11 Hours
Preclinical screening models: for CVS activity- antihypertensives, diuretics, antiarrhythmic,
antidyslepidemic, anti aggregatory, coagulants, and anticoagulants
Preclinical screening models for other important drugs like antiulcer, antidiabetic, anticancer and
antiasthmatics.
Unite 5 05 Hours
 Research methodology and Bio-statistics
 Selection of research topic, review of literature, research hypothesis and study design
 Pre-clinical data analysis and interpretation using Students ‘t’ test and One-way ANOVA.
Graphical representation of data
Recommended Books (latest edition):
1. Fundamentals of experimental Pharmacology-by [Link]
2. Hand book of Experimental [Link]
3. CPCSEA guidelines for laboratory animal facility.
4. Drug discovery and Evaluation by Vogel H.G.
5. Drug Screening Methods by Suresh Kumar Gupta and S. K. Gupta
6. Introduction to biostatistics and research methods by PSS Sundar Rao and J Richard

Page 205 of 214

[Link] SEMESTER – VIII
ADVANCED INSTRUMENTATION TECHNIQUES
Subject code: BP811ET
Theory (3 Hours / Week; 4 Credits, 45 Hours)
Teaching Scheme Evaluation Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Total Theory Practical
External Internal External Internal
3 1 0 4 75 25 0 0

Scope: This subject deals with the application of instrumental methods in qualitative and quantitative
analysis of drugs. This subject is designed to impart advanced knowledge on the principles and
instrumentation of spectroscopic and chromatographic hyphenated techniques. This also emphasizes on
theoretical and practical knowledge on modern analytical instruments that are used for drug testing.

Objectives:Upon completion of the course the student shall be able to

 Understand the advanced instruments used and its applications in drug analysis
 Understand the chromatographic separation and analysis of drugs.
 Understand the calibration of various analytical instruments
 Know analysis of drugs using various analytical instruments.

Course outcomes: The students get learn about:

CO1: To demonstrate an understanding of the theory and applications of different spectroscopic
techniques used in pharmaceutical analysis.
CO2: Learn the importance of quantitative and qualitative applications of different drugs,
pharmaceuticals and compounds involving various spectroscopic techniques.

Course Content:
Unit 1 10 Hours
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy
 Principles of H-NMR and C-NMR, chemical shift, factors affecting chemical shift, coupling
constant, Spin - spin coupling, relaxation, instrumentation and applications
Mass Spectrometry- Principles, Fragmentation, Ionization techniques –
 Electron impact, chemical ionization, MALDI, FAB, Analyzers-Time of flight and Quadrupole,
instrumentation, applications
Unit 2 10 Hours
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Thermal Methods of Analysis:
 Principles, instrumentation and applications of ThermogravimetricAnalysis (TGA), Differential
Thermal Analysis (DTA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)
X-Ray Diffraction Methods:
 Origin of X-rays, basic aspects of crystals,
 X- ray Crystallography, rotating crystal technique, single crystal diffraction,powder diffraction,
structural elucidation and applications.
Unit 3 10 Hours
Calibration and validation-as per ICH and USFDA guidelines
Calibration of following Instruments
 Electronic balance, UV-Visible spectrophotometer, IR spectrophotometer, Fluorimeter, Flame
Photometer, HPLC and GC
Unit 4 08 Hours
 Radio immune assay:Importance, various components, Principle, different methods, Limitation
and Applications of Radio immuno assay
 Extraction techniques:General principle and procedure involved in the solid phase extraction
and liquid-liquid extraction
Unit 5 07 Hours
 Hyphenated techniques-LC-MS/MS, GC-MS/MS, HPTLC-MS.

Recommended Books (Latest Editions)

1. Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis by B.K Sharma
2. Organic spectroscopy by Y.R Sharma
3. Text book of Pharmaceutical Analysis by Kenneth A. Connors
4. Vogel’s Text book of Quantitative Chemical Analysis by A.I. Vogel
5. Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry by A.H. Beckett and J.B. Stenlake
6. Organic Chemistry by I. L. Finar
7. Organic spectroscopy by William Kemp
8. Quantitative Analysis of Drugs by D. C. Garrett
9. Quantitative Analysis of Drugs in Pharmaceutical Formulations by P. D. Sethi
10. Spectrophotometric identification of Organic Compounds by Silverstein

Page 207 of 214

[Link] SEMESTER – VIII
DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS AND NUTRACEUTICALS
Subject code: BP812ET
Theory (3 Hours / Week; 4 Credits, 45 Hours)
Teaching Scheme Evaluation Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Total Theory Practical
External Internal External Internal
3 1 0 4 75 25 0 0

Scope: This subject covers foundational topic that are important for understanding the need and
requirements of dietary supplements among different groups in the population.

Objective: By the end of the course, students should be able to :

 Understand the need of supplements by the different group of people to maintain healthy life.
 Understand the outcome of deficiencies in dietary supplements.
 Appreciate the components in dietary supplements and the application.
 Appreciate the regulatory and commercial aspects of dietary supplements including health claims.

Course outcomes: This module aims to provide

CO1: An understanding of the concepts behind the theoretical applications of dietary supplements.
CO2: Students can be familiar with systems of medicines and neutraceticals as well as herbal
cosmetics. Student learn different biosynthetic pathways

Course contents:
Unit 1 07 hours
 Definitions of Functional foods, Nutraceuticals and Dietary supplements. Classification of
Nutraceuticals, Health problems and diseases that can be prevented or cured by Nutraceuticals
i.e. weight control, diabetes, cancer, heart disease, stress, osteoarthritis, hypertension etc.
 Public health nutrition, maternal and child nutrition, nutrition and ageing, nutrition education
in community.
 Source, Name of marker compounds and their chemical nature, Medicinal uses and health
benefits of following used as nutraceuticals/functional foods: Spirulina, Soyabean, Ginseng,
Garlic, Broccoli, Gingko, Flaxseeds

Page 208 of 214

Unit 2 15 hours
Phytochemicals as nutraceuticals: Occurrence and characteristic features (chemical nature medicinal
benefits) of following
A. Carotenoids- α and β-Carotene, Lycopene, Xanthophylls, leutin
B. Sulfides: Diallyl sulfides, Allyl trisulfide.
C. Polyphenolics: Reservetrol
D. Flavonoids- Rutin , Naringin, Quercitin, Anthocyanidins, catechins, Flavones
E. Prebiotics / Probiotics.: Fructo oligosaccharides, Lacto bacillum
F. Phyto estrogens : Isoflavones, daidzein, Geebustin, lignans
G. Tocopherols
H. Proteins, vitamins, minerals, cereal, vegetables and beverages as functional foods: oats, wheat
bran, rice bran, sea foods, coffee, tea and the like.
Unit 3 07 hours
A. Introduction to free radicals: Free radicals, reactive oxygen species, production of free radicals in
cells, damaging reactions of free radicals on lipids, proteins, Carbohydrates, nucleic acids.
B. Dietary fibres and complex carbohydrates as functional food ingredients..
Unit 4 10 hours
A. Free radicals in Diabetes mellitus, Inflammation, Ischemic reperfusion injury, Cancer,
Atherosclerosis, Free radicals in brain metabolism and pathology, kidney damage, muscle damage.
Free radicals involvement in other disorders. Free radicals theory of ageing.
B. Antioxidants: Endogenous antioxidants – enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant defence,
Superoxide dismutase, catalase, Glutathione peroxidase, Glutathione Vitamin C, Vitamin E, α-
Lipoic acid, melatonin
C. Synthetic antioxidants: Butylated hydroxy Toluene, Butylated hydroxy Anisole.
D. Functional foods for chronic disease prevention
Unit 5 06 hours
A. Effect of processing, storage and interactions of various environmental factors on the
potential of nutraceuticals.
B. Regulatory Aspects; FSSAI, FDA, FPO, MPO, AGMARK. HACCP and GMPs on Food Safety.
Adulteration of foods.
C. Pharmacopoeial Specifications for dietary supplements and nutraceuticals.

References:
1. Dietetics by Sri Lakshmi
2. Role of dietary fibres and neutraceuticals in preventing diseases by K.T Agusti and [Link]:

Page 209 of 214

BSPunblication.
3. Advanced Nutritional Therapies by Cooper. K.A., (1996).
4. The Food Pharmacy by Jean Carper, Simon & Schuster, UK Ltd., (1988).
5. Prescription for Nutritional Healing by James [Link] and Phyllis [Link] 2 nd Edn., Avery
Publishing Group, NY (1997).
6. Gibson and [Link] Editors 2000 Functional foods Woodhead [Link].
7. Goldberg, I. Functional Foods. 1994. Chapman and Hall, New York.
8. Labuza, T.P. 2000 Functional Foods and Dietary Supplements: Safety, Good Manufacturing
Practice (GMPs) and Shelf Life Testing in Essentials of Functional Foods M.K. Sachmidl
and T.P. Labuza eds. Aspen Press.
9. Handbook of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, Third Edition (Modern Nutrition)
10. Shils, ME, Olson, JA, Shike, M. 1994 Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. Eighth edition.
Lea and Febiger

Page 210 of 214

[Link] SEMESTER – VIII
PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
Subject code: BP813ET
Theory (3 Hours / Week; 4 Credits, 45 Hours)

Course Objectives: The course is designed to make students familiar with various novel & advanced
drug delivery systems to overcome the problems of conventional delivery systems.
Course outcomes: The course will help the student to have
CO1: A good understanding of fundamentals of controlled drug delivery systems & their various
types in detail.
CO2: Students should be able to learn about targeted drug delivery systems & its significance

Course content:
Unit 1 10 Hours
 Introduction to pharmaceutical product development, objectives, regulations related to
preformulation, formulation development, stability assessment, manufacturing and quality
control testing of different types of dosage forms
Unit 2 10 Hours
An advanced study of Pharmaceutical Excipients in pharmaceutical product development
with a special reference to the following categories
1. Solvents and solubilizers
2. Cyclodextrins and their applications
3. Non - ionic surfactants and their applications
4. Polyethylene glycols and sorbitols
5. Suspending and emulsifying agents
6. Semi solid excipients
Unit 3 10 Hours
An advanced study of Pharmaceutical Excipients in pharmaceutical product development
with a special reference to the following categories
1. Tablet and capsule excipients
2. Directly compressible vehicles
3. Coat materials
4. Excipients in parenteral and aerosols products
5. Excipients for formulation of NDDS
Selection and application of excipients in pharmaceutical formulations with specific industrial
Page 211 of 214
applications
Unit 4 08 Hours
 Optimization techniques in pharmaceutical product development.A study of various
optimization techniques for pharmaceutical product development with specific
[Link] by factorial designs and their applications.A study of QbD and its
application in pharmaceutical product development.
Unit 5 07 Hours
 Selection and quality control testing of packaging materials for pharmaceutical product
development- regulatory considerations.

Recommended Books (Latest editions)

1. Pharmaceutical Statistics Practical and Clinical Applications by Stanford Bolton, CharlesBon;
Marcel Dekker Inc.
2. Encyclopedia of Pharmaceutical Technology, edited by James swarbrick, Third Edition,
Informa Healthcare publishers.
3. Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Tablets, Volume II, edited by Herbert A. Lieberman and Leon
Lachman; Marcel Dekker, Inc.
4. The Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy, Fourth Edition, edited by Roop kKhar, S P
Vyas, Farhan J Ahmad, Gaurav K Jain; CBS Publishers and Distributors [Link]. 2013.
5. Martin’s Physical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fifth Edition, edited by Patrick J.
Sinko, BI Publications Pvt. Ltd.
6. Targeted and Controlled Drug Delivery, Novel Carrier Systems by S. P. Vyas and R. [Link],
CBS Publishers and Distributors Pvt. Ltd, First Edition 2012.
7. Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery Systems, Loyd V. Allen Jr., Nicholas
[Link], Howard C. Ansel, 9th Ed. 40
8. Aulton’s Pharmaceutics – The Design and Manufacture of Medicines, Michael E. Aulton,3rd
Ed.
9. Remington – The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 20th Ed.
10. Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms – Tablets Vol 1 to 3, A. Liberman, Leon Lachman andJoseph B.
Schwartz
11. Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms – Disperse Systems Vol 1 to 3, H.A. Liberman, Martin, M.R and
Gilbert S. Banker.
12. Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms – Parenteral Medication Vol 1 & 2, Kenneth E. Avis andH.A.
Libermann.
13. Advanced Review Articles related to the topics.

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B. Pharm SEMESTER – VIII
HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
Subject code: BP813T
Theory (3 Hours / Week; 3 Credits, 45 Hours)
Teaching Scheme Evaluation Scheme
Theory Tutorial Practical Total Theory Practical
External Internal External Internal
3 0 0 3 75 25 0 0

Course outcomes: Student will be aware about:

CO1: Development, maintenance of Human resource, sepration process and research etc.
CO2: Explain the importance of human resourses and their effective management in organization.
CO3: Demonstrate a basic understanding of different tools used in forecasting and planning human
resource needs.
CO4: Describe the meanings of terminology and tools used in managing employees effectively
record governmental regulations affecting employees and employers

Course Content
Unit 1 05 Hours
The field of HRM: An overview, concept and functions, personnel to HRM.
Unit 2 05 Hours
The Personnel organisation: Structure of human resource development and role and
responsibilities of the human resource manager.
Unit 3 04 Hours
Personnel policies: Formulation and essentials of sound personnel policies.
Unit 4 06 Hours
Acquisition of human resources: Objectives, policies and process, manpower planning, job
analysis, job description, job specification, recruitment, selection, induction, placement,
promotion and transfer.
Unit 5 08 Hours
Development of human resources: Determining training needs, training, and management
development and performance appraisal.
Unit 6 07 Hours
Maintenance of human resources: Compensation, administrative job evaluation, designing and
administering the wage and salary structure.
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Unit 7 05 Hours
Separation processes: Turnover, retirement, layoff and discharge, VRS.
Unit 8 05 Hours
Research and the future: Current trends and future implications for HRM.
Reference Books
1. Human Resource Management by Aswathappa, K.
2. Human Resource Management Theory and Practice by Bratton, J. and Gold, J.
3. Human Resource Management by Dessler, G.
4. Human Resource Management by Flippo, E.
5. Managing Human Resources by Gomez-Mejia, L.
6. Human Resource Management by Ivantsevich, J.
7. Human Resource Management by Kandula, S. R.

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Common questions