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com
29

ATOMIC STRUCTURE WS 1
SECTION A

1 Which one the following has more neutrons than electrons and more electrons than
protons?

A 19F-- C 9Be

B 37Cl-- D 9Be2+

2 Chlorine exists as two isotopes 35Cl with an abundance of 75.5% and 37Cl with an abundance
of 24.5%.

Phosphorus has only one isotope, 31P. The mass spectrum of PCl3 has four lines at m/z = 136,
138, 140 and 142.

Which one of these lines will have the smallest height?

A 136 C 138

B 140 . 142
D

3 Antimony has two isotopes 121Sb and 123Sb. The relative atomic mass of a naturally occurring
sample of antimony is measured as 121.75.

Which one of the following is the best approximate estimate of the percentage of 121Sb
present in the naturally occurring sample?

A 20% C 40%

B. 60% D 80%

4 When sulfur, 32S is bombarded with neutrons 1n, two particles are formed. One of them is a
hydrogen atom, 1H and the other is an element, X.
32S + 1n 1H + X

Which one of the following correctly represents X?

A 32S C 33S

B. 32P D 33P

5 What is the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons in boron-11?

A 5 protons, 5 electrons and 11 neutrons C. 5 protons, 5 electrons and 6 neutrons

B 5 protons, 5 electrons and 10.8 D 11 protons, 11 electrons and 5 neutrons

neutrons

CEDAR COLLEGE ATOMIC STRUCTURE WS 1

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30

6 What is the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons in 34S2--?

A 18 protons, 16 electrons and 18 neutrons C. 16 protons, 18 electrons and 18 neutrons

B 16 protons, 18 electrons and 18 neutrons D 16 protons, 16 electrons and 18 neutrons

7 Which statements about the isotopes of chlorine, 35Cl and 37Cl are correct?

I. They have the same chemical properties.

II. The have the same atomic number.

III. The have the same physical properties.

A. I and II only C II an III only

B I and III only D I, II and III

8 A sample of element X contains 69% of 63X and 31% of 65X. What is the relative atomic mass
of X in this sample?

A 63.0 C 65.0

B. 63.6 D 69.0

9 What is the relative atomic mass of an element with the mass spectrum shown below?

28

A. 24 C 26

B 25 D 27

CEDAR COLLEGE ATOMIC STRUCTURE WS 1

[Link]/megalecture
 Section A
A electron
2
For each
B question
ion thereOnline
are fourClasses
possible answers, A, B, C, and D. Choose the one you consider to be
: Megalecture@[Link]
correct. 31 A
Section
C neutron
For each question there are four possible answers, A, B, C, and D. Choose the one you consider to be
10 InDthe proton
1correct. 0 X is emitted.
radioactive decay of an isotope of lead to an isotope of bismuth, a particle –1

0 X?
Which particle is –1
12 As a simplification, an adult
The use of the Data Booklet human
is relevant can
to this be considered to have a daily diet of 1.80 kg of
question.
carbohydrate
. electron
A (empirical formula CH 2O).
What is the number of molecules in 500 cm3 of oxygen under room conditions?
BWhich
ion mass of carbon dioxide does a person produce each day if all the carbohydrate eaten is
Adigested
C 1022oxidised?
1.25 xand
neutron
1.34 x 1022
B proton
DA 0.267 kg B 0.800 kg C 1.32 kg D 2.64 kg
C 3.0 x 1022 [S’02 Q1]

2 D a3.0
As x 1026
simplification, an adult human can be considered to have a daily diet of 1.80 kg of
11
3 The diagram shows the mass spectrum of a sample of naturally-occurring copper.
carbohydrate (empirical formula CH2O).

2 In the preparation
Which of softdioxide
mass of carbon margarine,
doesglyceryl trieleostearate
a person produce each day if all the carbohydrate eaten is
7
digested and oxidised?
6
CH3(CH2)3CH CHCH 5 CHCH CH(CH2)7CO2CH2
A 0.267 kg B 0.800 kg relative C 1.32 kg D 2.64 kg
abundance 4
CH3(CH2)3CH CHCH CHCH CH(CH2)7CO2CH
3
3 The diagram shows CHthe mass spectrum
3(CH2)3CH CHCH of2a sample
CHCH of CH(CH
naturally-occurring
2)7CO2CH2
copper.
1
is suitably hydrogenated so that, on 7average, one of its side-chains is converted into the
61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68
CH3(CH2)4CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)7CO 6 2 residue and two side-chains are converted into the
CH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH2)7CO2 residue. 5 m/e
relative
abundance 4
How
Whatmany moles
is the of hydrogen
relative are required
atomic mass of 3thisto convert one mole of glyceryl trieleostearate into the
copper?
soft margarine?
2
A
A 4 63.3 B 5 B 63.5 C 6 1 C. D 63.6
9 D 64.0
[S’02 Q3]
61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68
3
12 Which isotope of an element in the third period of them/e
Periodic Table contains the same number of
32
neutrons as 16 S?
What23is the relative atomic mass of this copper?
A 11 Na
A
B 63.3
24 B 63.5 C 63.6 D 64.0
12 Mg
28
C 14 Si
31
D 15 P

3 [S’03 Q3]

4 –1 9701/1/M/J/02
The successive ionisation energies, in kJ mol , of an element X are given below.
13 Unnilpentium is an artificial element. One of its isotopes is 262Unp.
4 105
870 1800 3000 3600 5800 7000 13 200
Which of the following statements is correct?
What is X?
A 262105Unp has a nucleon number of 105.
A 33As B 40Zr C 52 Te D 53I
B. The atom 260 262
105X is an isotope of 105Unp.9701/1/M/J/02

C There are 262 neutrons in 262

105Unp. 9701/1/M/J/03

D The proton number of 262

105Unp is 262.
[W’03 Q4]

5 The table gives the successive ionisation energies for an element X.

CEDAR COLLEGE 1st 2nd 3rd 4th ATOMIC

5th STRUCTURE
6th WS 1

ionisation energy / kJ mol–1 950

[Link]/megalecture
1800 2700 4800 6000 12300
 B
mixture 2
contains 304cm of carbon
3 dioxide and 20 cm of unreacted oxygen. All gaseous volumes
were measured under identical conditions.
C 3 4 3½
Online Classes : Megalecture@[Link]
What
D is the
3 formula4of the hydrocarbon?
3 32
A C 2H 6 B C3H6 C C3H8 D C4H10
14
2 The diagram shows the mass spectrum of a sample of zinc. Use the data to calculate the relative
atomic mass of the sample.
2 On collision, airbags in cars inflate rapidly due to the production of nitrogen.
100
The nitrogen is formed according to the following equations.

2NaN3 → 2Na + 3N80

2

10Na + 2KNO3 → K60

relative 2O + 5Na2O + N2
abundance / %
40
How many moles of nitrogen gas are produced from 1 mol of sodium azide, NaN3?

A 1.5 B 1.6 C 3.2 D 4.0

20

3 0
The first six ionisation energies of four elements, A to D, are given.
64 65 66 67
Ar
Which element is most likely to be in Group IV of the Periodic Table?
C. 65.5
3
A 65 B 65.25 D 65.66
ionisation
4 Use of the Data−1Booklet
2 [W’04 Q2]
1stis relevant
2nd to this3rd question.4th 5th 6th
energy / kJ mol
15
3 TheIt is foul
nowAsmell thatthat
thought skunks
where spray is due Section
an element toexists
a number of thiols,
A several
as one ofthe
isotopes, which is methanethiol,
stable ones usually
CH 3 SH, which burns 494
as follows.4560 6940 9540 13400 16600
contain a ‘magic number’ of neutrons. One of these magic numbers is 126.
For each question
B there are
736four possible
1450 answers,7740 A, B, C, and
10500 13600 D. Choose 18000the one you consider to
be correct.
Which isotope is unstable? CH 3 SH + 3O 2 → CO 2 + SO 2 + 2H 2 O
C 1090 2350 4610 6220 37800 47000
.of oxygen.
209 3 208 3
AA sample Bi of 10 cm ofBmethanethiol
Pb C 210
was exploded Po with 60 cm D 208
Tl
4590 2 7480
1 The petrol additive tetraethyl-lead(IV), Pb(C2H5)4, is now banned53200
D 1400 2860 9400
in many countries. When it is
[W’04 Q4]
What
completelywouldburned
be the final
in air,volume ofoxide,
lead(II) the resultant
CO 2 andmixture
H 2O of gases
are formed. when cooled to room
Section A
temperature?
16
5
4 HowAn atom
In which has eight
species areelectrons.
the numbers of electrons and one
neutrons equal?
For each many moles
question thereofare
oxygen are
3 required to burn mole
and of Pb(C2H5)3the4? one you consider to
A 20 cm3 B four possible
30 cm answers,
C 23 50A,
cmB, 3 C, D.
D Choose70 cm
18
WhichBe9 diagram shows 19 + 2–
be correct.
AA 4
9.5 BB the11 electronic configuration
9F C C 1113.5 Na of this atom D D in itsOlowest energy state?
8 27
[S’05 Q4]
1 A2O4 is a poisonous gas. It can be disposed of safely by reaction with sodium hydroxide.
© UCLES 2004
N
9701/01/O/N/04

17
2 Which ion has more electrons than protons and more protons than neutrons?
N2O4(g) + 2NaOH(aq) → NaNO3(aq) + NaNO2(aq) + H2O(l)
[H = 11 H ; D = 12 H ; O = 168 O]
B
What is the minimum volume of 0.5 mol dm–3 NaOH(aq) needed to dispose of 0.02 mol of N2O4?
A D– B H3O+ C OD– . OH–
D
A 8 cm3 B 12.5 cm3 C 40 cm3 D 80 cm3
[W’05 Q2]
© UCLES 2005 9701/01/M/J/05
C
18
3
2 What is theofelectronic
A sample chlorine configuration of an element
containing isotopes withnumbers
of mass a second35ionisation
and 37 energy higher than
was analysed in a
that of each of its
mass-spectrometer. neighbours in the Periodic Table?

AD 1s22s22p63s2
How many peaks corresponding to Cl 2+ were recorded?
B 1s22s22p63s23p1
A 2 2 2 6 2 2B 3 C 4 D 5
6 CThe 1s 2s 2pa 3s
gecko, 3p lizard, can climb up a smooth glass window. The gecko has millions of
small [S’06 Q2]
microscopic hairs on its toes and each hair has thousands of pads at its tip. The result is that the
D 1s22s22p63s23p3
molecules
3 Gallium in theGaN,
nitride, pads could
are extremely closethe
revolutionise to the glassofsurface
design electriconlight
which the because
bulbs gecko is climbing.
only a small
length used as a filament gives excellent light at low cost.
What is the attraction between the gecko’s toe pads and the glass surface?
4 Which compound has a boiling point which is influenced by hydrogen bonding?
Gallium nitride is an ionic compound containing the Ga3+ ion.
A co-ordinate bonds
A CH3CHO
What is the electron
B covalent bonds arrangement of the nitrogen ion in gallium nitride?
B CH3OCH3
2 2
AC 1sionic2sbonds
C HCO2H
2 2 3
BD 1svan 2s
der 2p
Waals’ forces
D HCO2CH3
CEDAR
C COLLEGE
1s2 2s2 2p4 ATOMIC STRUCTURE WS 1

7 What
D 2
1sare 2
2sthe 6
2pbond
[Link]/megalecture
angles in the PH3 molecule likely to be?
5 Which gas is likely to deviate most from ideal gas behaviour?
 B 1s 2s 2p
For each
C 1squestion
2
2s2 2pthere
4 are four possible answers, A, B, C, and D. Choose the one you consider to
be correct. Online Classes : Megalecture@[Link]
D 1s2 2s2 2p6 33

1 The isotopic composition of an element is indicated below.

19
4 A radioactive isotope of thallium, 201
81 Tl, is used to assess damage in heart muscles after a heart
5
attack.
4
Which statement about 201 81 Tl is correct?

relative 3
A This isotopeabundance
has a nucleon number of 120. 2
2
B. The number of electrons in one atom of this isotope is 81.
1 Section A
C The number of neutrons in one atom of this isotope is 201.
For each question there are four 0 possible answers, A, B, C, and D. Choose the one you consider to
D 201 201
9
82 X is an isotope of 81 Tl. 10 11 12
be correct.
mass number [S’06 Q4]

20
1 What is the relative
The isotopic atomic mass
composition of anofelement
the element?
is indicated below.

5
A 10.2 B 10.5 C 10.8 D 11.0

4
2© UCLES
Use2006
of the Data Booklet is relevant to this 9701/01/M/J/06
question.

pollutant 3gases which are emitted from car exhausts.

Oxides of nitrogen arerelative
abundance
2 one kilometre, it releases 0.23 g of an oxide of nitrogen N O ,
In urban traffic, when a car travels x y
3
which occupies 120 cm .
1
What are the values of x and y?
(Assume 1 mol of gas molecules0 occupies 24.0 dm3.)
9 10 11 12
A x = 1, y = 1 mass number
B x = 1, y = 2
What is the relative atomic mass of the element?
C x = 2, y = 1
A 10.2 B 10.5 C. 10.8 D 11.0
D x = 2, y = 4
[S’07 Q1]

21
32 John
Use Dalton’s
of the Data Booklet
atomic theory,ispublished
relevant to this question.
in 1808, contained four predictions about atoms.

Oxides
Which of of
hisnitrogen areispollutant
predictions gases to
still considered which are emitted from car exhausts.
be correct?

[Link] urban
Atoms traffic,
are very smallaincar
when size.
travels one kilometre, it releases 0.23 g of an oxide of nitrogen NxOy,
which occupies 120 cm3.
B No atom can be split into simpler parts.
CWhat
All are the values
the atoms of x and element
of a particular y? have the same mass.
(Assume 1 mol of gas molecules occupies 24.0 dm3.)
D All the atoms of one element are different in mass from all the atoms of other elements.
A x = 1, y = 1 [S’07 Q3]

B x = 1, y = 2
© UCLES 2007 9701/01/M/J/07
C x = 2, y = 1
D x = 2, y = 4

3 John Dalton’s atomic theory, published in 1808, contained four predictions about atoms.

Which of his predictions is still considered to be correct?

A Atoms are very small in size.

CEDARBCOLLEGE
No atom can be split into simpler parts. ATOMIC STRUCTURE WS 1

C
[Link]/megalecture
All the atoms of a particular element have the same mass.
 Section A

1 ForIneach
the question
Basic Oxygen
Online Classes : Megalecture@[Link]
steel-making
there are four possibleprocess
answers,the P4 O
A, B, impurity
C,10 and is removed
D. Choose the oneby
youreacting
considerittowith
calcium
be correct. oxide. The only product of this 34
reaction 3
is the salt calcium phosphate, Ca3 (PO 4 )2 .
3
4 this
In The diagrams
reaction, howshowmany the possible
moles paths oxide
of calcium of subatomic particles
react with moving
one mole of P4 in
O10an
? electric field in a
22
41 The diagrams
of the Datashow
Usevacuum. the ispossible
Booklet relevantpaths
to thisofquestion.
subatomic particles moving in an electric field in a
Avacuum.
1 B 1.5 C 3 D 6
Titanium(IV) oxide, TiO2, +is brilliantly white and much of the + oxide produced is used in +the
manufacture of paint. + + +
2 Use electrons
of the Data Booklet is relevant to neutrons
this question. protons
electrons
What is the maximum amount of neutrons
TiO 2 obtainable from 19.0 tonnes protons
of the ore ilmenite, FeTiO3?
A typical solid fertiliser for use with household plants and shrubs contains the elements N, P, and
KAin the
10.0 tonnes
ratio of 15 g :B30 g12.7
:15– gtonnes
per 100 g Cof fertiliser.
14.0 tonnes D– 17.7 tonnes
The recommended usage of fertiliser is–14 g
of fertiliser per 5 dm 1of water.
3 – 2 – 3 –
1 2 3
2 What
Carbon
Which disulphide
is the diagrams vapour ofburns
are correct?
concentration in oxygen
nitrogen atomsaccording to the following equation.
in this solution?
Which diagrams are correct?
A 0.03A 1mol anddm2 –3
only CS2(g) + 3O2(g) → CO2(g) + 2SO2(g)
A 1 and 2 only–3
B 1mol
BA sample
0.05 and
ofdm3 only
10 cm3 of carbon disulphide was burned in 50 cm3 of oxygen. After measuring the
B 1 and
volume 3gas
ofandonlyremaining, the product was treated with an excess of aqueous sodium hydroxide
C 2mol
Cand0.42 dm3 –3
only
the volume of gas measured again. All measurements were made at the same temperature
C 2pressure,
and 3 only
Dand0.75
D 1, mol dmunder
2 and –33 such conditions that carbon disulphide was gaseous.
D 1, 2 and 3 [S’07 Q4]
What were the measured volumes?
5 The CN– ion is widely used in the synthesis of organic compounds.
23
32
3 Skin cancer can be treated using a radioactive isotope of phosphorus, 15 P . A compound
5 The CN– ion isvolume
widelyofused 3−
volume
gas in the32synthesis of of gas
organic after
compounds.
What is after
containing the
thepattern
burningof/ cm
phosphide electron
ion
3 pairs, in thisNaOH(aq)
wrapped
15 P adding
ion?in a plastic
/ cm3 sheet, is strapped to the affected
area. is the pattern of electron pairs in this ion?
What
A bonding 30
pairs of lone pairs on 0 pairs on
lone
What electrons carbon atom nitrogen
32 3 − atom
B isbonding
the composition
30 of oflone
pairs the pairs
phosphide
on ion,
lone P ?on
15pairs
20
electrons carbon atom nitrogen atom
C A 250 1 20 1
protons neutrons electrons
A B 2 2 1 2 1 1
D 50 40
BA. C 152 3 17 2 1 18 1 1
B D 153 3 17 32
1 electron 1 in2 an s orbital in their ground states?
3 InCwhich pair do both atoms have1 one only
DC 173 15 1 17 2
A Ca, Sc B Cu, Be C H, He D Li, Cr
6 DPlastic bottles
32 for ‘fizzy 17
drinks’ are made
15 from a polymer with the following structure.

64 Plastic
Use of bottles forBooklet
‘fizzy drinks’ are made
to thisfrom a polymer with the following structure. [S’08 Q3]
H
the Data is relevant question.
X
24 C
H
Hard water contains calcium ions and hydrogencarbonate ions arising from dissolved calcium
X
C
hydrogencarbonate, Ca(HCO3)2.
C
H
H n anion?
C
How many electrons are present in the hydrogencarbonate
H 32
A The
30 ability of theBpolymer
31 to preventCescape ofH carbon dioxide
D 33 through the wall of the bottle
n
depends on the ability of the group X to form hydrogen bonds with the carbon dioxide in [W’08 Q4]
the drink.
The ability of the polymer to prevent escape of carbon dioxide through the wall of the bottle
Whichon
depends group X bestofprevents
the ability loss
the group X of
to carbon dioxide?bonds with the carbon dioxide in the drink.
form hydrogen
© UCLES 2008
A Cl B CN 9701/01/M/J/08
C CO2 CH3 D OH
Which group X best prevents loss of carbon dioxide?

A 2008
© UCLES Cl B CN C CO2 CH3
9701/01/O/N/08 D OH

© UCLES 2007 9701/01/M/J/07 [Turn over

© UCLES 2007 9701/01/M/J/07 [Turn over

CEDAR COLLEGE ATOMIC STRUCTURE WS 1

[Link]/megalecture
 be correct. Section A

Online
For each question there Classes
are four : Megalecture@[Link]
possible answers, A, B, C, and D. Choose the one you consider to
1 correct.
be 35
The molecular energy distribution curve represents the variation in energy of the molecules of a
gas at room temperature.

25
1 An element X consists of four isotopes. The mass spectrum of X is shown in the diagram.

100
proportion
3
of
80
molecules
2 In the ideal gas equation, pV = nRT, what are the units of n and T ?

relative 60
n 0T
abundance
0
A no units% 40 °C energy
B no units K
Which curve applies for the20same gas at a lower temperature?
C mol °C
A B
D mol 0 K
90 91 92 93 94
2
m/e
proportion
3 The reaction between acidified dichromate(VI) proportion
ions, Cr2O72–, and aqueous Fe2+ ions results in the
of dichromate(VI) ions being reduced to Cr3+ [Link] A
molecules molecules
What is the relative atomic mass of X?
For What
each isquestion
the correct equation for this reaction?
there are four possible answers, A, B, C, and D. Choose the one you consider to
A 91.00
be correct. B. 91.30 C 91.75 D 92.00
2– 2+ + 3+ 3+
A Cr + Fe + 14H → 2Cr + Fe + 7H2O 0
0 2O7 [W’09 1 Q4]
0 2– 0
26
21 B
0.200
Helium,O7He,
Cr2mol of+isa2Fe
2+
+energy
14H+element
hydrocarbon
the second → 2Cr3+in +the
undergo 2Fe 3+
complete+ 7H 2O
combustion
Periodic Table. to giveenergy
35.2 g of carbon dioxide and
14.4 g of 2–
water as the only+products.
C Cr2O7 + 3Fe2+ + 14H C → 2Cr33+ + 3Fe3+ + 7H2O D
Tritium is the isotope of hydrogen H.
2– molecular
2+ + 3+ hydrocarbon?
3+
D Cr2O7 + 6Fe + 14H → 2Cr + 6Fe + 7H2O
What is the formula of the
What is the same in an atom of 4He and an atom of 3H?
A C2 H4 B C2 H6 C C 4H 4 D C 4H 8
proportion
4 Sodium azide, NaN is an explosive used to proportion
inflate airbags in cars when they crash. It consists of
A the number of3 electrons
of positive sodium ions and negative azide ions. of
molecules
B. the number of neutrons molecules
What are the numbers of electrons in the sodium ion and the azide ion?
C the number of protons
0 sodium ion azide ion 0
D 0 relative atomic mass
the 0
energy energy
A 10 20 [S’11 2 Q1]

B 10 correctly shows
22 the bonding in the ammonium ion, NH4+?
27
2
2
Which diagram
In which species are the numbers of protons, neutrons and electrons all different?
C 12 20
key
A 115B B 199 F A
−
. 23
C 11Na
+
D 24 B 2+
12 Mg
D 12 22
N electron + + [S’12 2 Q2]
H H
H electron
28
5 The 68Ge isotope is medically
H Nuseful because
H it undergoes a H
natural
N radioactive
H process to give
an isotope of a different element, 68X, which can be used to detect tumours. This transformation
of 68Ge occurs when an electron enters the nucleus and changes a proton into a neutron.
© UCLES 2012 H9701/12/M/J/12 H
68
Which statement about the composition of an atom of X is correct?

A It has 4 electrons in its outer p orbitals.

B
C
It has 13 electrons in its outer shell.
D
+ +
C. It has 37 neutrons. H H
D
© UCLES 2009
Its proton number is 32. 9701/11/O/N/09
H N H H N H [S’12 1 Q2]

H H

CEDAR
© UCLESCOLLEGE
2016 9701/11/O/N/16 ATOMIC STRUCTURE WS 1
[Turn over
[Link]/megalecture
 enthalpy reactants
What is the order of their first ionisation energies?
C +5 +3 0 –2
Online Classes : Megalecture@[Link]
36
D least
+5 +3 +4 +6 most
endothermic endothermic
products
29 A Fr Ra Rn
progress of reaction
2 Use of the Data Booklet is relevant to this question.
B Fr Rn Ra
In which species are the numbers of protons, 2 neutrons and electrons all different?
Which
C enthalpy
Ra change could Fr the diagramRn not apply to?
A 199 F B. 23 31 32 2 −
− +
11 Na C 15 P D 16 S
A enthalpy of atomisationRa
D Rn Section
Fr A
[S’10 1 Q1]
For each question of
B enthalpy there are four possible answers, A, B, C, and D. Choose the one you consider to
combustion
30
3
be The first
correct. six ionisation energies of four elements are given.
5 In which species are the numbers of protons, neutrons and electrons all different?
C enthalpy of formation
Which
. 19 K
27 element is most likely −to be in Group 32
IVSof
2 − the Periodic Table?
A 13 Al B 35 17 Cl C 16 D 39 +

1 D enthalpy of neutralisation
The diagram below represents, for a given temperature, the Boltzmann distribution of the kinetic
energy of the molecules inionisation
a mixtureenergy
of two gases [S’13 1 Q5]
/ kJ molthat
−1 react slowly together.

31
6 An experiment is set up to measure the rate of hydrolysis of ethyl ethanoate.
4 The of the1st
Use activation
Data 2nd
energy for the
Booklet 3rd to
reaction,
is relevant is4th
Ea,thismarked. 5th
question. 6th
CH3CO26C2940
H + H29 O 540 CH 3CO 2H + 16C2600
H5OH
A most
When
The 494
the reaction
common is4ion-molecule
560
catalysed, the 5reaction
rate of reaction 13 400
in gas increases
clouds ofathe
little.
Universe is as shown.
TheB hydrolysis is found to be 7slow in neutral
10 500aqueous solution
18 but
000it proceeds at a measurable
What will be736 1 450of
the position Ea for740
the catalysed 13 600
reaction?
rate when the solution is acidifiedH2(g) H2+(g) → acid.
with +hydrochloric H(g) + H3+(g)
C 1 090 2 350 4 610 6 220 37 800 47 000
+
What is
What the function of the hydrochloric acid?
D could be the 2composition
1 400 860 of an H
4 590 ion?
37 480 9 400 53 200
A to dissolve the ethyl ethanoate
protons number of
neutrons electrons
B to ensure thatmolecules
the reaction reaches equilibrium
A 2 1 1
C to increase the reaction rate by catalytic action
B 2 1 2
D to suppress ionisation of the ethanoic acid formed
C 3 0 kinetic
1 Ea
energy
D 3 0 2
A B C D
[S’14 3 Q4]

32
5 The electrolysis of brine using the diaphragm cell is an important industrial process.
2 Use of the Data Booklet is relevant to this question.
What happens at the anode?
In some types of spectroscopy, it is important2 to know if ions are isoelectronic. This means that
they contain equal numbers of electrons. 9701/13/M/J/13
© UCLES 2013
A Chloride ions are oxidised.
Section A
Which ion is notgas
B Hydrogen isoelectronic with K+?
is produced.
. Ti3+
For each question
2+ there are four– possible answers,2–A, B, C, and D. Choose the one you consider to
A
C Ca Hydroxide ionsBareCl formed. C S D
be correct.
[W’14 3 Q2]
– –
D The electrode reaction is 2Cl (aq) + 2e → Cl 2(g).
33
1
3 Which row shows properties of a ceramic material?
Use of the Data Booklet is relevant to this question.

In which melting do all boiling

optionpoint point
three particles conductivity
have the same electronic configuration and the same
number
© UCLES 2013 of / K
neutrons? / K of solid
9701/11/M/J/13 [Turn over
A A 15N3– 16
O2–
156 19 –
F 352 none
© UCLES 2014 9701/13/M/J/14 [Turn over
B. B 18O2– 19
922–F 20
Ne 1380 good

C C 19F– 20
2130
Ne 23
Na+ 2943 good

D D 22Ne 23
3125Na 24
Mg2+3873 none

[S’15 2 Q1]
2 The shell of a chicken’s egg makes up 5% of the mass of an average egg. An average egg has a
mass of 50 g.

Assume the egg shell is pure calcium carbonate.

How2014
many complete chicken’s egg shells would be needed to neutralise 50 cm3 of 2.0 mol dm–3
CEDAR COLLEGE ATOMIC STRUCTURE WS 1
© UCLES 9701/13/O/N/14
ethanoic acid?
[Link]/megalecture
A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4
 16
[H = 11 H; D = 2
1 H; O= 8 O]
Online Classes : Megalecture@[Link]
A D– B H3O+ C OD
37
–
D OH–

34
4 Which species contains the smallest number of electrons?

A B3+ B Be2+ C H– D. He+

3 [M’16 2 Q4]

35
4 When nuclear reactions take place, the elements produced are different from the elements that
reacted. Nuclear equations, such as the one below, are used to represent the changes that
occur.

235 1 144 89
92 U + 0n → 56 Ba + 36 Kr + 3 01 n

The nucleon (mass) number total is constant at 236 and the proton number total is constant
at 92.

2
In another nuclear reaction, uranium-238 is reacted with deuterium atoms, 1 H. An isotope of a
new element, J, is formed as well as two neutrons.

238 2
92 U + 1H → J + 2 01 n

What is isotope J?

A. 238
Np B 238
Pu C 240
Np D 240
Pu
3 [S’16 1 Q4]

5 Dicarbon monoxide, C2O, is found in dust clouds in space. The structure of this molecule is
36
4 C=C=O.
The relative atomic mass
The molecule of copper
contains is [Link].
no unpaired

Which
How chart
many is apairs
lone correct mass spectrum
of electrons thatinwould
are present lead toofthis
a molecule C2O?value?
© UCLES 2016 9701/12/F/M/16
A 1 B 2 A C 3 D 4 B
100%
abundance abundance 50%
6 A white powder is known to be a mixture of magnesium oxide and aluminium oxide.
33%
17% oxide in x grams of the
100 cm3 of 2 mol dm–3 NaOH(aq) is just sufficient to cause the aluminium
mixture to dissolve.
61 62 63 64 65 66 61 62 63 64 65 66
– –
m/e
The reaction occurring is Al 2O3 + 2OH + 3H 2 O → 2Al (OH)4 . m/e
800 cm3 of 2 mol dm–3 HCl (aq) is just sufficient to cause all of the oxide in x grams of the mixture
to dissolve. C D
The reactions occurring are Al 2O3 + 6H+ → 2Al 3+ + 3H2O
abundance abundance
74%
and MgO + 2H+ → Mg2+ + H2O. 33% 33%
22%
26%
How many moles of each oxide are present in x grams of the mixture? 12%

aluminium61 62magnesium
63 64 65 66 61 62 63 64 65 66
oxide oxide m/e m/e
[S’16 3 Q4]
A 0.05 0.25
5 Which
B isolated
0.05 gaseous atom
0.50 has a total of five electrons occupying spherically shaped orbitals?

AC boron 0.10 0.25

BD fluorine
0.10 0.50

C sodium
D potassium
CEDAR COLLEGE ATOMIC STRUCTURE WS 1
[Turn over
Carbon and silicon have the same outer [Link]/megalecture
© UCLES 2016 9701/11/M/J/16
6 electronic structure.
 C N–H covalent bonds are stronger than P–H covalent bonds.
D There is one lone pair in each
Online ammonia
Classes molecule but no lone pair in each phosphine
: Megalecture@[Link]
molecule. 38

1
2
37 Neutrons are passed through an electric field. The mass of one neutron relative to 12
the mass of
a 12C atom and any deflection in the electric field is recorded.

Which row is correct?

mass of behaviour of beam of

neutron neutrons in an electric field

A 0 deflected
B 1 deflected
C 0 not deflected

.
D 1 not deflected
[S’18 3 Q2]

3 The table refers to the electron distribution in the second shell of an atom with eight protons.

Which row is correct for this atom?

orbital shape orbital shape

number of number of
orbital type orbital type
electrons electrons

A p 2 s 4
B p 4 s 2
C s 2 p 4
D s 4 p 2

© UCLES 2018 9701/13/M/J/18

CEDAR COLLEGE ATOMIC STRUCTURE WS 1

[Link]/megalecture
 Online Classes : Megalecture@[Link]
11
39
14
Section B
SECTION
Section BB
For each of the questions in this section, one or more of the three numbered statements 1 to 3 may
be correct.
For each of the questions in this section, one or more of the three numbered statements 1 to 3 may
be correct.
Decide whether each of the statements is or is not correct (you may find it helpful to put a tick against
the Decide
statements thateach
whether youofconsider to be correct).
the statements is or is not correct (you may find it helpful to put a tick against
the statements that you consider to be correct).
The responses A to D should be selected on the basis of
The responses A to D should be selected on the basis of
11
A B C D
A B
Section CB D
1, 21,and 3
2 and 3
11and
and 2
2 2 and 3
2 and 3
1 only
1 only
areare
For each of the questions in thisonly are
section,
only are one or moreonly
of are
the
only are three numbered is
is statements 1 to 3 may
be correct. correct
correct correct
correct correct
correct correct
correct

Decide whether each of the statements is or is not correct (you may find it helpful to put a tick against
No
the other
No combination
other ofof
combination
statements that you statements
statements
consider is
to beis used
used asaacorrect
as
correct). correctresponse.
response.

The responses A to D should be selected on the basis of

1 The isotope cobalt-60 ( 60 Co ) is used to destroy cancer cells in the human body.
31 The diagram illustrates the energy changes of a set of reactions.
31 27
HB= _134 kJ12
_

⑧
A mol 1 C D
Which statements aboutRan atom of cobalt-60 are Scorrect?
1, 2 and 3 1 and 2 Section B 2 and 3 1 only
1 It contains
are 33 [Link] are only are is
correct
For each of the correct
questions in this section, one or more of thecorrect correct
three numbered statements 1 to 3 may
2 Its nucleus has a relative charge of 27+.
be correct.
1
3 It has a different number of neutrons from the atoms H = +92 J molisotopes of cobalt.
of other
Decide
No whether
other each of of
combination thestatements
statements is
is or is not
used ascorrect (youresponse.
a correct may find it helpful to put a tick against
the statements that you consider to be correct). [S’04 Q31]

32 The conversion D of graphite has only

on athe
small positive value of !H.
2 responses
The
31 A to
The relative should
molecular be selected
mass _
of a molecule basis of
of_ 1 chlorine is 72.
H = 75 kJ mol
T
C (graphite) " C (diamond) U !H = +2.1 kJ mol –1
Which properties
A of the atoms
B in this molecule C
are the same? D

⑧
Which of
However, theproduction
the following statements
of arediamonds
synthetic correct? using this reaction is very difficult.
1, 2 and
1 radius 3 1 and 2 2 and 3 1 only
1 are enthalpy change
The only
forare onlyUare
the transformation is –1 .
⎯→ R is + 42 kJ mol
Which statements
2 nucleon
correct help to correct
number explain this? correct correct
2 The enthalpy change for the transformation T ⎯→ S is endothermic.
13 relative
The isotopicenergy
activation mass of the reaction is large.
No other3combination
The enthalpy change foristhe
of statements transformation
used as a correct R ⎯→ T is – 33 kJ mol–1 .
response.
2 An equilibrium exists between diamond and graphite. [S’05 Q31]

32 3Which molecules are reactions

planar? can be made to occur readily.
3 Use of the Data Booklet is relevant to this question.
31 Only exothermic
1 BCl3
The technetium–99 isotope (99Tc) is radioactive and has been found in lobsters and seaweed
33 adjacent
Which to nuclear fuel
2 NHstatements
3
reprocessing
about [Link] a catalyst are correct?
the properties
Which
13 APHstatements
catalyst are correct
increases theabout an atom
average of 99Tc?
kinetic energy of the reacting particles.

④
3

1
2 ItAhas 13 more
catalyst neutronsthe
increases than protons.
rate of the reverse reaction.
33 23 ItAhas
Boron is 43 protons.
a non-metallic element o
catalyst has no effect on thewhich is placed
enthalpy changeabove
!H ofaluminium in Group III of the Periodic
the reaction.
Table. It forms a compound with nitrogen known as boron nitride which has a graphite structure.
3 It has 99 nucleons.
Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from this information? [S’07 Q31]
© UCLES 2004 9701/01/O/N/04
32 Which of the following solids contain more than one type of chemical bond?
1 The empirical formula of boron nitride is BN.
1 brass (an alloy of copper and zinc)
2 The boron and nitride atoms are likely to be arranged alternately in a hexagonal pattern.
! UCLES 2004 9701/01/M/J/04 [Turn over
2 graphite
CEDAR
3 COLLEGE
Boron nitride has a layer structure with van der Waals’ forcesATOMIC
betweenSTRUCTURE
the layers. WS 1
3 ice
[Link]/megalecture
 correct
A correct
B correct
C correct
D

1, 2 and 3 Online
1 and Classes
2 : Megalecture@[Link]
2 and 3 1 only
No other combination
are of statements is
only are used as a 40onlyresponse.
correct are is
correct correct correct correct

4 On a scale in which the mass of a 12C atom

31 10 is 12 the relative molecular mass of a particular
No other combination
sample of chlorineofisstatements
72. is used as a correct response.
Section B

⑧
Which properties of the atoms in this sample are always the same?
31 each
For How may
of thenitrogen existininthis
questions compounds?
section, one or more of the three numbered statements 1 to 3 may
1
be [Link]
1 bonded by a triple covalent bond
2 nucleon number
Decide2 whether
as part each of the statements is or is not correct (you may find it helpful to put a tick against
of a cation
the statements
3 isotopic that you consider to be correct).
mass
3 in an oxidation state of +5
The responses A to D should be selected on the basis of [S’09 1 Q31]

32 An ideal gas obeys the 12 2–

gas laws under all conditions of temperature and pressure.
5 The phosphide
32 A
31 3–
ion 15 P andBsulfide ion 16 32 13
S have C the same number D of which sub-atomic

⑧
Which of the following are true for an ideal
particles? gas? B
Section
1, 2 and 3 1 and 2 Section B3
2 and 1 only
1 The
For each neutronsmolecules have negligible
arequestions in thisonly
of the volume.
are one or more
section, only
of are
the three numberedisstatements 1 to 3 may
Forcorrect.
be each ofcorrect
the questions in this section, one or more
correct of the three numbered
correct correct statements 1 to 3 may
22
be [Link] are no forces of attraction between molecules.
electrons
Decide
3 whether
protons
The each of the
molecules statements is kinetic
or is not correct (youismay find it helpful
to itstoabsolute
put a tick against
No other
Decide combination
whether each of have an average
statements is usedis as
energy
or aiscorrect
which
[Link]
the statements that youof
temperature.
the statements
consider to be correct). not correct (you may find it helpful to put a tick against
[S’12 2 Q32]
the statements that you consider to be correct).
The responses A to D should abe selected on the basis of
6 The
33 Which
1 substances have giant structure?
31
The H3+ ionAwas
responses to Dfirst characterised
should by J.
onJ.∆HThomson over a century ago. 6Li is a rare isotope of
33 lithium
For which reactions 6 +be
does selected
the value of theo basis of
represent both a standard enthalpy change of
which forms the Li ion.

@
1 calcium
combustion oxidea standard enthalpy
A and B change of formation?
C D
Which
2 A
statements
calcium are correct? B C D
1, 2 +
1 C(s) and 3 → CO2(g) 1 and 2
O2(g) 2 and 3 1 only
13 Both1, 2are
baked and
ions 3found in
claycontain only
thecrockery
same are
1 and 2
number only2 are
of protons. and 3 is 1 only
2 2C(s) + O2(g) → 2CO(g)correct
correct
are only are correct
only are correctis
2 Both ions 1contain the same
correct number of [Link]
correct correct
3 CO(g) + 2 O2(g) → CO2(g)
No other combination
3 Both of statements
ions contain the sameisnumber
used asofaneutrons.
correct response.
No other combination of statements is used as a correct response. [S’04 3 Q31]

7 In
31
32 The 2011 an international
diagram group
represents the of scientists
Boltzmann agreed
distribution to add two
of molecular new elements
energies to temperature.
at a given the Periodic
Table. Both elements had been made artificially and were called ununquadium (Uuq) and
31 ununhexium that contains both Br2 and Cl 2 , a process takes place that produces BrO3 – ions.
In a solution(Uuh).

④
The process is represented by the following equations.
© UCLES 2009 Uuq
9701/01/M/J/09 Uuh
equation 1 2 + Hnumber
Brproton 2 O → HBr + 114 HBrO
number
116
of molecules
equation 2 3HBrO
nucleon+ number→ 2Cl – 289
Cl 2 9701/13/O/N/12 + Br2 + 3H+
+ BrO3 – 292
© UCLES 2012 [Turn over
Whichstatements
Which statementsabout
aboutthese
these reactions
elements areare correct?
correct?

11 One atom is
Chlorine ofreduced
Uuh has in
one more neutron
equation 2. than one atom of Uuq.
22 One Uuq2–ision
Bromine has theinsame
oxidised both number and energy
of 1electrons
equation as [Link] of Uuh.
equation
33 One Uuh+ is
Bromine ionreduced
has the in
same number
boththe of electrons
equation Uuq– ion.
as one2.
Which of the factors that affect rate of 1a and equation
reaction can be explained using such a Boltzmann
distribution? [S’14 3 Q31]

328 P1
32 and Qstatements
Which are two liquid compounds
are correct
increasing the concentration when with similartoMthe
referring
of reactants r values. Molecules of P attract each other by
isotopes of a single element?
hydrogen bonds. Molecules of Q attract each other by van der Waals’ forces only.

⑨
2
1 increasing the have
The isotopes temperature
different masses.
How do the properties of P and Q differ?
3
2 the
Theaddition
isotopesof have
a catalyst
different numbers of nucleons.
1 P has higher surface tension than Q.
3 The isotopes have different chemical reactions.
2 P has a higher boiling point than Q.
[S’14 3 Q32]
3 P is less viscous than Q.
© UCLES 2013 9701/13/O/N/13

CEDAR COLLEGE ATOMIC STRUCTURE WS 1

[Link]/megalecture
 correct correct correct correct
Decide whether each of the statements is or is not correct (you may find it helpful to put a tick against
the statements that youOnline Classes : Megalecture@[Link]
No other combination of consider to be
statements correct).
is used 41
as a correct response.
The responses A to D should be selected on the basis of
319 Use of the Data Booklet is relevant to this question.
A B C D
Which statements about the phosphide ion,1431P3–, and the chloride ion, 35Cl –, are correct?
1, 2 and 3 1 and 2 2 and 3 1 only

⑧
1 Theyare only are
have the same number Section B only are
of electrons. is
correct correct correct correct
For 2eachThey
of thehave
questions in this
the same section,
number of one 10 of the three numbered statements 1 to 3 may
or more
neutrons.
be correct.
Section B
3 They
No other have theofsame
combination numberisof
statements protons.
used as a correct response.
Decide whether each of the statements is or is not correct (you may find it helpful to put a tick against [S’15 2 Q31]
the each
For statements
of the that you consider
questions in this to be correct).
section, one or more of the three numbered statements 1 to 3 may
10 correct.
be
32
31 Why
X is adoes aluminium
particle with 18 chloride,
electronsAland2Cl 620
, sublime
[Link] the relatively low temperature of 180 °C?
The responses A to D should be selected on the basis of

④
Decide
1 whether
What The each of symbol
the statements
intermolecular
could be the forces
of X? is or isthe
between notAlcorrect (you may are
2Cl 6 molecules find weak.
it helpful to put a tick against
the statementsAthat you consider toBbe correct). C D
2 The
38 co-ordinate bonds between aluminium and chlorine are weak.
1 18 Ar
1, 2 and
A to3 D should 1selected
and 2 on the basis2 and 3
The responses
3 The covalent bonds be
between aluminium andofchlorine are weak.1 only
40 are
2+ only are only are is
2 20 Ca
correct correct correct correct
A B C D
33 3Which 39 statements
+ are correct for all exothermic reactions?
1,K2 and 3 of statements
No other 19
combination 1 and 2
is used 2 and
as a correct 3
response. 1 only
are only
1 ∆H for the reaction is negative. are only are is [S’16 1 Q31]
correct correct correct correct
31 What
11
32 2A sample
On of boron
area basic
reaction contains diagram
pathway
assumptions aluminium theasproducts
of the kinetic the onlyare
theory impurity.
as shownAlower
applied tomass spectrum
than
an ideal the of the mixture
reactants.
gas?
shows three lines corresponding to three ions, X+, Y+ and Z+.
No other
3 Thecombination
reactionofwill
statements is used as a correct response.
happen spontaneously.
1 Gas particles are in continuous random motion.
Use of the Data Booklet may be ion X+
appropriate for some Y+
questions.Z+
2 Gas particles experience no intermolecular forces.
m/e 10 11 27
3 The volume of each gas particle is zero.
31 For complete combustion, 1 percentage
mol of an organic compound
74.48 X10.00
requires 2.5 mol of O2.

⑨
15.52
abundance
33 Which compounds could be X?
Bromine reacts with water.
Which statements are correct?
1 C2H5OH
1 There are more electrons in Z+ than
Br2 + H2O
in X+.
HOBr + HBr
2 C2H2
2 The
Which Ar of boron
oxidation in the
states ofsample is 10.83
bromine to four significant
are present figures. mixture?
in the equilibrium
3 CH3CHO
There are more protons in Y+ than in X+.
13 +3
[Turn over
32
12 In2 which
0 pairs do both species have the same number of electrons?
© UCLES 2015 9701/12/M/J/15

32 Which elements can form bonds in their compounds?

④
13 35 Cl and 37Cl
–1
1 carbon
2 35Cl – and 40Ar
2 oxygen
3 40Ar and 40K+
3 nitrogen [S’18 2 Q32]

33 For which reactions does the value of H o represent both a standard enthalpy change of
33 combustion
For which enthalpy changesenthalpy
and a standard is the value of Hofalways
change negative?
formation?

11 2016
© UCLES combustion
C(s) + O (g) 2 → CO2(g) 9701/11/M/J/16 [Turn over

22 hydration
2C(s) + O2(g) → 2CO(g)
3 solution
3 CO(g) + 21 O2(g) → CO2(g)

© UCLES 2016 9701/11/O/N/16

CEDAR COLLEGE ATOMIC STRUCTURE WS 1
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 Online Classes : Megalecture@[Link]
42

ATOMIC STRUCTURE WS 2
1 Give the numbers of protons, neutrons and electrons present in each of the following atoms:

a) 40Ar c) 197Au+

b) 127I d) 52Cr3+

2 This question concerns the following five species:

16O2-- 19F 20Ne 23Na 25Mg2+
" 20
Me F and
a) Which two species have the same number of neutrons? ........................................
1602 20
-

and Me
b) Which two species have the same ratio of neutrons to protons? ........................................
HI and 23
Na
c) Which two species do not have 10 electrons? ........................................

3 The element Rhenium (Re) has two main isotopes, 185Re with an abundance of 37.1% and
187Re with an abundance of 62.9%.

Calculate the weighted mean atomic mass of rhenium.

371485 ) t 62.91187 ) 186.26

=

IT

4 Antimony has two main isotopes, 121Sb and 123Sb. A forensic scientist was asked to help a
crime investigation by analysing the antimony in a bullet. This was found to contain 57.3% of
121Sb and 42.7% of 123Sb.

a) Calculate the relative atomic mass of the sample of antimony from the bullet. (Write your
answer to three significant figures)

573121 ) t 42.7423 ) =
121.85
IT

b) State one similarity and one difference between isotopes in terms of subatomic particles.
same number of protons
...............................................................................................................................................................................
different number of neutrons
...............................................................................................................................................................................
.

...............................................................................................................................................................................

CEDAR COLLEGE ATOMIC STRUCTURE WS 2

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 Online Classes : Megalecture@[Link]
43

5 Bromine exists as a molecule with two bromine atoms combined together. Bromine has two
isotopes: bromine-79 and bromine-81

a) A molecule of bromine containing two atoms of bromine can be written as 79Br2. Write the
formulae for the two other possible molecules of bromine.
A
Bk 7am - App
...............................................................................................................................................................................
,

b) The mass spectrum of molecules of bromine is shown below:

i. Explain why these peaks are observed.

Mr now two isotopes in equal abundance
...............................................................................................................................................................................
.

Peaks 158 to 162 are caused

try Bra
...............................................................................................................................................................................
.

...............................................................................................................................................................................

ii. The peaks at 79 and 81 are the same height. What does this tell you about the relative
abundances of the two isotopes?
in
ta
pm and 81mi are equal proportions .

...............................................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................................................

iii. Explain why the peak at 160 is twice the height of the peaks at 158 and 162.
hood of Br molecule of Mr of 160 is
Likely
...............................................................................................................................................................................
hood of
twice as much the
likely
...............................................................................................................................................................................
8'
form MANZ and Bra
...............................................................................................................................................................................

6 a) Explain why the relative atomic mass of copper is not an exact whole number?
Because its the weighted average mon
...............................................................................................................................................................................
65
63 Lu and
of CU
...............................................................................................................................................................................
.

...............................................................................................................................................................................

CEDAR COLLEGE ATOMIC STRUCTURE WS 2

[Link]/megalecture
 Online Classes : Megalecture@[Link]
44

b) The relative atomic mass of copper is 63.5. Calculate the relative abundance of the two
copper isotopes with the relative isotopic masses of 63.0 and 65.0.
63×+651100 -

X )
=
63.5

TOO
75% → 63GW
X =

25% → 65cm
too -

X =

7 Chlorine exists as a molecule with two chlorine atoms combined together. Chlorine has two
isotopes: chlorine-35 and chlorine-37.

The mass spectrum of chlorine os shown below:

a) The peak at 35 is three times as high as the peak at 37. Calculate the relative atomic mass
of chlorine.

35¥14
a
35.5
...............................................................................................................................................................................
4
...............................................................................................................................................................................

b) Explain why the peaks are observed at 70, 72 and 74.

Wu% -

,
35cg - Hu
,
3701 37cL
-
are responsible
...............................................................................................................................................................................
for the peaks , respectively
...............................................................................................................................................................................
.

c) The heights of the peaks at 70, 72 and 74 are in the ratio 9 :6 :1. Explain why the heights
are in this ratio.
nsu Hu is responsible for
-

the highest peak

...............................................................................................................................................................................
s
3501
it

as is the most abundant HU - U is

...............................................................................................................................................................................
.

responsible for the smallest peak ar its the

...............................................................................................................................................................................
✓ arrest .
Peak at 72 is caused
by 3501 37cL -

CEDAR COLLEGE ATOMIC STRUCTURE WS 2

[Link]/megalecture
 copper isotopes with relative isotopic masses 10 List the p
of 63.0
Online Classes and 65.0.
: Megalecture@[Link] increasin
45 11 Explain w
3 The data about silicon in the table below were noble ga
8 The data about silicon in obtained fromwere
the table below a mass spectrometer.
obtained from a mass spectrometer.
12 The succ
m/z % abundance X, are giv
28 92.2 periodic
28.1
29 4.7 Ionisatio
30 3.1 1st

Calculate 2nd
Calculate the relative atomic mass ofthe relative
silicon to oneatomic
decimalmass
[Link] silicon to
one decimal place. 3rd
2 For
For
4th
Examiner’s
Examiner’s
4 Bromine has two isotopes of mass numbers Use
Use
19 (a) Define an isotope in terms of its sub-atomic particles. 5th
79 and 81. The mass spectrum of a sample of
same protons
bromine is shown different below. neutrons .

..........................................................................................................................................
,
6th
7th
Relative
.......................................................................................................................................... 8th
intensity [1]
9th
(b) In a mass spectrometer some hydrogen chloride molecules will split into atoms. The 10th
mass spectrum of HCl is given. Chlorine has two isotopes. The hydrogen involved here
is the isotope 11H only. 13 Discuss t
of ESI an
100
14 By consi
80 and d ele
158 160 162 m/z why the
60
relative of fluorin
a) Identify
abundance the particles responsible for the between
40
peaks.
20

0
35 40
m /e

35
807404_C02_Edexcel_GF_Chem_009-[Link] 35 W
(i) What particle is responsible for the peak at mass 35? .............................................
H -
37
Clt
(ii) What particle is responsible for the peak at mass 38? .............................................
[2]

(c) Use the relative heights of the peaks to determine the proportions of the two isotopes of
chlorine. Explain simply how you obtained your answer.
35
Cl : 37ft

: 10
30

I
z :
[2]
[2]

(d) Use
(d) Use your
your answer
answer to (c) to
to (c) to explain
explain why
why chlorine
chlorine has
has a
a relative
relative atomic
atomic mass
mass of
of 35.5.
35.5.
CEDAR COLLEGE ATOMIC STRUCTURE WS 2
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46
[2]

(d) Use your answer to (c) to explain why chlorine has a relative atomic mass of 35.5.

I = 3h35 ) -137 =
35.5
-

2 [1]
2
[S’03:Q1]
[Total 6]
Answer all
Answer all the
the questions
questions in the space
in the space provided.
provided. For
For
9701/2/M/J/03 Examiner’s
Examiner’s
1
1
10 Iron
Iron and
and cobalt
cobalt are
are adjacent
adjacent elements
elements in
in the
the Periodic Table. Iron
Periodic Table. Iron has
has three
three main
main naturally
naturally Use
Use
occurring isotopes, cobalt has one.

(a) Explain the meaning of the term isotope.

Atoms of the game element
having
..........................................................................................................................................
the same number of protons but
..........................................................................................................................................
no .

of neutrons .

.................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) The most common isotope of iron is 56

56Fe; the only naturally occurring isotope of cobalt
59
is Co.
59

56
Use the Data Booklet to complete the table below to show the atomic structure of 56 Fe
59
and of 59Co.

number of

isotope protons neutrons electrons

56Fe 26 30 26

59Co 27 32 27
[3]

(c) A sample of iron has the following isotopic composition by mass.

isotope mass 54 56 57
% by mass 5.84 91.68 2.17

(i) Define the term relative atomic mass.

of
weighted average
mom all
naturally
..................................................................................................................................

occurring isotopes of the element

..................................................................................................................................
to 1/12 th the man of carbon 12
..................................................................................................................................
isotope
..................................................................................................................................
.

(ii) By using the data above, calculate the relative atomic mass of iron to three
CEDAR COLLEGEsignificant figures. ATOMIC STRUCTURE WS 2
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47
..................................................................................................................................

(ii) By using the data above, calculate the relative atomic mass of iron to three
significant figures.

5415.84 ) t 5619168 ) t 5712.17) =

559
-

99.69
I [5]
[Total:
[S’05 10]
Q1]
© UCLES 2005 not a 100 ?
9701/02/M/J/05
Why

Add all the percentages

man
by
.

CEDAR COLLEGE ATOMIC STRUCTURE WS 2

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 2
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Answer all the questions
48in the spaces provided. For
Examiner’s
Use

1
11 In the 19th and 20th centuries, scientists established the atomic theory and showed that
three sub-atomic particles, electron, neutron and proton, exist. The masses and charges of
these three particles were subsequently determined.

When separate beams of electrons, neutrons or protons are passed through an electric field
in the apparatus below, they behave differently.

+ –

beam of particles

(a) (i) Which of these three particles will be deflected the most by the electric field?
Electron
.........................................

(ii) In which direction will this particle be deflected?

Towards the positive plate
..................................................................................................................................

(iii) Explain your answer.

Electrons have the heart mom and carry
..................................................................................................................................
deviate
a
negative charge and will
..................................................................................................................................
the

(b) (i)
most towards
Define the term proton number.
the positive plate .

[4]

Number of protons in the element .

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

(ii) Why is the proton number of an atom of an element usually different from the
nucleon number of an atom of the element?

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................
[2]

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49
3

(c) Protons and neutrons have been used in nuclear reactions which result in the formation For
of artificial elements. In such processes, protons or neutrons are accelerated to high Examiner’s
speeds and then fired like ‘bullets’ at the nucleus of an atom of an element. Use

Suggest why neutrons are more effective than protons as ‘nuclear bullets’.
neutral in and aren't
They charge
are
..........................................................................................................................................

repelled by the neudeas

.....................................................................................................................................
.

[2]

(d) In some cases, when neutrons are fired at atoms of an element, the neutrons become
part of the nucleus of those atoms.

What effect does the presence of an extra neutron have on the chemical properties of
the new atoms formed? Explain your answer.
chemical properties entirely
None as are
..........................................................................................................................................
,

dependant on electron behavior

..........................................................................................................................................
.

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 10]

[W’06 Q1]

© UCLES 2006 9701/02/O/N/06 [Turn over

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50
Answer all the questions in the spaces provided. For
Examiner’s
1
12 Magnesium, Mg, and radium, Ra, are elements in Group II of the Periodic Table. Use

Magnesium has three isotopes.

(a) Explain the meaning of the term isotope.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

A sample of magnesium has the following isotopic composition by mass.

isotope mass 24 25 26

% by mass 78.60 10.11 11.29

(b) Calculate the relative atomic mass, Ar, of magnesium to four significant figures.

Ar = ………………
3 [2]

Radium, proton number 88, and uranium, proton number 92, are radioactive elements. For
Examiner’s
The isotope 226Ra is produced by the radioactive decay of the uranium isotope 238U. Use

(c) Complete the table below to show the atomic structures of the isotopes 226Ra and
238U.

number of

isotopes protons neutrons electrons

226Ra

238U
[3]

(d) Radium, like other Group II elements, forms a number of ionic compounds.

(i) What is the formula of the radium cation?

© UCLES 2009
……………… 9701/21/O/N/09

(ii)
Use the Data Booklet to suggest a value for the energy required to form one mole of
the gaseous radium cation you have given in (i) from one mole of gaseous radium
atoms. Explain your answer.
CEDAR COLLEGE ATOMIC STRUCTURE WS 2
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..................................................................................................................................
 226Ra
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238U
51 [3]

(d) Radium, like other Group II elements, forms a number of ionic compounds.

(i) What is the formula of the radium cation?

………………

(ii) Use the Data Booklet to suggest a value for the energy required to form one mole of
the gaseous radium cation you have given in (i) from one mole of gaseous radium
atoms. Explain your answer.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................
2 [3]

[W’09
[Total:110]
Q1]
Answer all the questions in the space provided. For
Examiner’s
13
1 The element magnesium, Mg, proton number 12, is a metal which is used in many alloys Use

which are strong and light.

Magnesium has several naturally occurring isotopes.

(a) What is meant by the term isotope?

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) Complete the table below for two of the isotopes of magnesium.

number of number of number of

isotope
protons neutrons electrons
24Mg

26Mg

[2]
© UCLES 2009 9701/21/O/N/09 [Turn over
A sample of magnesium had the following isotopic composition:
24Mg, 78.60%; 25Mg, 10.11%; 26Mg, 11.29%.

(c) Calculate the relative atomic mass, Ar, of magnesium in the sample.
Express your answer to an appropriate number of significant figures.

[2]

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52
...................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) Complete the table below for two of the isotopes of magnesium.

number of number of number of

isotope
protons neutrons electrons
24Mg

26Mg

[2]

A sample of magnesium had the following isotopic composition:

24Mg, 78.60%; 25Mg, 10.11%; 26Mg, 11.29%.

(c) Calculate the relative atomic mass, Ar, of magnesium in the sample.
Express your answer to an appropriate number of significant figures.

2 [2]

Answer all the questions in the space provided. [W’10 3 Q1] For
Examiner’s
14
1 Sulfur, S, and polonium, Po, are both elements in Group VI of the Periodic Table. Use

Sulfur has three isotopes.

(a) Explain the meaning of the term isotope.

same protons
..........................................................................................................................................

different neutrons
..........................................................................................................................................
.

...................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) A sample of sulfur has the following isotopic composition by mass.

© UCLES 2010 9701/23/O/N/10

isotope mass 32 33 34
% by mass 95.00 0.77 4.23

Calculate the relative atomic mass, Ar, of sulfur to two decimal places.

Ar = ...............
[2]
CEDAR COLLEGE ATOMIC STRUCTURE WS 2
(c) Isotopes of polonium, proton number 84, are produced by the radioactive decay of
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several elements including thorium, Th, proton number 90.
 ..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
Online Classes : Megalecture@[Link]
53
...................................................................................................................................... [2]
...................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b)
(b) A
A sample
sample of
of sulfur
sulfur has
has the following isotopic
the following isotopic composition
composition by
by mass.
mass.

isotope mass
isotope mass 32
32 33
33 34
34
% by mass
mass 95.00
95.00 0.77
0.77 4.23
4.23

Calculate the relative atomic mass, A r, of sulfur to two decimal places.

places.
r

0423154 ) 32.0923
0.0077 ( 53 ) O =

0.95132 )
t .

32.09
Arr = ...............
...............
[2]
[2]

(c) Isotopes of polonium, proton number 84, are produced by the radioactive
radioactive decay
decay of
of
several elements including thorium, Th, proton number 90.

The isotope 213Po is produced from the thorium isotope 232

232
Th.
213Po and 232
isotopes 213
Complete the table below to show the atomic structures of the isotopes Po and 232Th.
Th.

number of

isotope protons neutrons electrons

213Po
84 129 84

232Th 90 142 90

[3]
[3]

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54
3

Radiochemical reactions, such as nuclear fission and radioactive decay of isotopes, can be For
represented by equations in which the nucleon (mass) numbers must balance and the proton Examiner’s
numbers must also balance. Use

For example, the nuclear fission of uranium-235, 235

92 U, by collision with a neutron,
1
0n,
produces strontium-90, xenon-143 and three neutrons.
235 1 90 143 1
92 U + 0n 38Sr + 54 Xe + 3 0n

In this equation, the nucleon (mass) numbers balance because: 235 + 1 = 90 + 143 + (3x1).

The proton numbers also balance because: 92 + 0 = 38 + 54 + (3x0).

232
(d) In the first stage of the radioactive decay of 90 Th, the products are an isotope of
element E and an alpha-particle, 42 He.

(i) By considering nucleon and proton numbers only, construct a balanced equation
for the formation of the isotope of E in this reaction.
232 4
90 Th ................. + 2
He

Show clearly the nucleon number and proton number of the isotope of E.

nucleon number of the isotope of E ...........

proton number of the isotope of E .............

(ii) Hence state the symbol of the element E.

2
............ ................................................................................................................. [3]
Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.
[Total:
[W’11 310]
Q1]

15
1 (a) Explain what is meant by the term nucleon number.

....................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Bromine exists naturally as a mixture of two stable isotopes, 79Br and 81Br, with relative isotopic
masses of 78.92 and 80.92 respectively.

(i) Define the term relative isotopic mass.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) Using the relative atomic mass of bromine, 79.90, calculate the relative isotopic abundances
of 79Br and 81Br.

© UCLES 2011 9701/23/O/N/11 [Turn over

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.............................................................................................................................................
55
2
....................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) Using theAnswer all the mass

relative atomic questions in the 79.90,
of bromine, spacescalculate
[Link] relative isotopic abundances
of 79Br and 81Br.
1 (a) Successive ionisation energies for the elements magnesium to barium are given in the table.

1st ionisation 2nd ionisation 3rd ionisation

element
energy / kJ mol–1 energy / kJ mol–1 energy / kJ mol–1

Mg 736 1450 7740

Ca 590 1150 4940
Sr 548 1060 4120
Ba 502 966 3390 [3]

(i) Explain why the first ionisation energies decrease down the group.
(c) Bromine reacts with the element A to form a compound with empirical formula ABr3. The
percentage composition by mass of ABr3 is A, 4.31; Br, 95.69.
.............................................................................................................................................
Calculate the relative atomic mass, Ar, of A.
.............................................................................................................................................
Give your answer to three significant figures.
.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [3]

(ii) Explain why, for each element, there is a large increase between the 2nd and 3rd ionisation
energies.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
Ar of A = ....................... [3]
....................................................................................................................................... [2]
[S’14 2 Q1]

16
(b) A sample of strontium, atomic number 38, gave the mass spectrum shown. The percentage
abundances
© UCLES 2014 are given above each peak.9701/22/M/J/14

100

82.58

percentage
abundance

9.86 7.00
0.56
0
80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90
atomic mass units

© UCLES 2014 9701/21/O/N/14

CEDAR COLLEGE ATOMIC STRUCTURE WS 2

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 3

(i) Complete the full electronic configuration

Online Classes of strontium.
: Megalecture@[Link]
56
1s2 2s2 2p6 ................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Explain why there are four different peaks in the mass spectrum of strontium.

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Calculate the atomic mass, Ar, of this sample of strontium.

Give your answer to three significant figures.

Ar = ............................. [2]

[W’14 2 Q1]
(c) A compound of barium, A, is used in fireworks as an oxidising agent and to produce a green
colour.

(i) Explain, in terms of electron transfer, what is meant by the term oxidising agent.

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) A has the following percentage composition by mass: Ba, 45.1; Cl , 23.4; O, 31.5.

Calculate the empirical formula of A.

empirical formula of A ........................................... [3]

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57in the spaces provided.
Answer all the questions

17
1 (a) Chemists recognise that atoms are made of three types of particle.

Complete the following table with their names and properties.

name of particle relative mass relative charge

1/1836

[3]

(b) The relative atomic mass of an element can be determined using data from its mass spectrum.

The mass spectrum of element X is shown, with the percentage abundance of each isotope
labelled.

60

49.61
50

40

percentage
abundance 30
23.77

20

10 9.37 7.63 8.73

0.89
0
73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83
m/e

(i) Define the terms relative atomic mass and isotope.

relative atomic mass ...........................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

isotope ................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
[3]

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58
3

(ii) Use the data in the mass spectrum to calculate the relative atomic mass, Ar, of X.
Give your answer to two decimal places and suggest the identity of X.

Ar of X ....................................

identity of X ....................................
[2]

(c) The element tellurium, Te, reacts with chlorine to form a single solid product, with a relative
formula mass of 270. The product contains 52.6% chlorine by mass.

(i) Calculate the molecular formula of this chloride.

molecular formula .................................... [3]

(ii) This chloride melts at 224 °C and reacts vigorously with water. [M’15 1 Q1]

State the type of bonding and structure present in this chloride and explain your reasoning.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [2]

(iii) Suggest an equation for the reaction of this chloride with water.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

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 2
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Answer all the questions
59in the spaces provided.

18
1 (a) Chemists recognise that atoms are made of three types of particle.

Complete the following table with their names and properties.

name of particle relative mass relative charge

+1

1/1836

[3]

(b) Most elements exist naturally as a mixture of isotopes, each with their own relative isotopic
mass. The mass spectrum of an element reveals the abundances of these isotopes, which can
be used to calculate the relative atomic mass of the element.

Magnesium has three stable isotopes. Information about two of these isotopes is given.

relative percentage
isotope
isotopic mass abundance
24
Mg 24.0 79.0
26
Mg 26.0 11.0

(i) Define the term relative isotopic mass.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) The relative atomic mass of magnesium is 24.3.

Calculate the percentage abundance and hence the relative isotopic mass of the third
isotope of magnesium. Give your answer to three significant figures

percentage abundance = .................................

isotopic mass = .................................

[3]

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.......................................................................................................................................
60 [2]

(c) Neon has three stable isotopes.

isotope mass number percentage abundance

1 9.25

2 20 90.48

3 21 0.27

(i) Define the term relative atomic mass.

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) Use the relative atomic mass of neon, 20.2, to calculate the mass number of isotope 1.

mass number = ................................. [2]

[S’15 3 Q1]

© UCLES 2015 9701/23/M/J/15

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Answer all the questions
61 in the spaces provided.

20
1 (a) Complete the table to show the composition and identity of some atoms and ions.

name of nucleon atomic number of number of number of overall

element number number protons neutrons electrons charge

lithium 6 3 +1
............. ............. .............

oxygen 9 10
............. ............. ............. .............

54 26 26 24
............. ............. .............

17 18 0
............. ............. ............. .............

[4]

(b) eams of protons neutrons and electrons beha e differentl in an electric field due to their
differing properties.

The diagram sho s the path of a beam of electrons in an electric field

dd and label lines to represent the paths of beams of protons and neutrons in the same field

electron beam

[3]

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62
4

(d) A sample of strontium exists as a mixture of four isotopes. Information about three of these
isotopes is given in the table.

mass number 86 87 88
abundance 9.86% 7.00% 82.58%

(i) Calculate the abundance of the fourth isotope.

abundance = ............................. % [1]

(ii) The relative atomic mass of this sample of strontium is 87.71.

Calculate the mass number of the fourth isotope.

mass number = ............................. [2]

[Total:
[S’16 116]
Q1]

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63
3
21
(c) A sample of oxygen exists as a mixture of three isotopes. Information about two of these
isotopes is given in the table.

IT
¥
mass number 16 17
abundance 99.76% 0.04%

(i) Calculate the abundance of the third isotope.

100 -

(99.76*0.04)
0.2
abundance = ............................. % [1]

(ii) The relative atomic mass of this sample of oxygen is 16.0044.

-

Calculate the mass number of the third isotope. You st show your working.

) -10 2X
16.0044=16199.76 ) -11710.04
.

-
-

too

18
mass number = ............................. [2]

[S’16 211]
[Total: Q1]
2X
16.0044×100=1596.16+0.68+0
.

1600-44=1596.84+027

0.271
1600.44
=

- 1596.84

71=18

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64
5
22 A naturally occurring sample of cerium contains only four isotopes. Data for three of the
(iii)
isotopes are shown in the table.

isotope 136
Ce 138
Ce 140
Ce 142
Ce
relative to be - N
135.907 137.906 139.905
isotopic mass calculated
percentage to be -

11.114
0.185 0.251 88.450
abundance calculated

The Ar of the sample is 140.116.

Use these data to calculate the relative isotopic mass of the fourth isotope in this sample
of cerium.

Give your answer to three decimal places.

(
.gg?g5f )
139g
t
(135.907×0.185)+(137.906×0.251)

+ ( a x 11.114) =
140.114
oo -
141.915
relative isotopic mass = .............................. [3]

[M’1717]
[Total: Q1]

CEDAR
© UCLES 2017 COLLEGE 9701/22/F/M/17 ATOMIC STRUCTURE WS 2
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