CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM • Your heart will beat about 115,000 times each
day.
• The cardiovascular system delivers oxygen and
nutrients to the body tissues and carries away wastes • Heart pumps about 2,000 gallons of blood every
such as carbon dioxide via blood. day.
• An electrical system controls the rhythm of your
TWO BLOOD CIRCULATORY SYSTEMS heart. It’s called the cardiac conduction system.
• Pulmonary Circulation
• works by circulating the oxygen-poor blood
between the heart and the lungs so that the
oxygen-poor blood can become oxygenated,
removing carbon dioxide in the process.
• Systemic Circulation
• works by carrying the oxygen-rich blood and
transports it to the organs, tissues and cells
throughout the body.
CARDIAC CYCLE
• Refers to the events of one complete heartbeat,
during which both atria and ventricles contract and
then relax.
Five periods of Cardiac cycle
COMPONENTS OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM 1. Atrial diastole
• The heart: 2. Atrial systole
• A muscular pump that forces blood 3. Isovolumetric contraction
around the body. 4. Ventricular systole
• A closed system of blood vessels: 5. Isovolumetric relaxation
• These vessels include:
• Arteries: Vessels that carry
blood away from the heart.
• Veins: Vessels that bring blood
back to the heart.
• Capillaries: Tiny vessels that
branch off from arteries to
deliver blood to all body tissues
• Blood
• Transports substances such as oxygen
and nutrients throughout the body and
participates in processes such as clotting
and fighting infections.
HEART
BLOOD VESSELS
● Fenestrated Capillaries = Found in areas that
require a lot of exchange between your blood and
tissues. Allows for both large and small
substances to pass through.
PULSE
• The pulse is the alternating expansion and recoil
of a blood vessel wall that occurs as the heart
beats.
Arteries Veins Capillaries
Function Transport blood Transport Carries blood to
from heart to blood from organ where gas
organ organ to heart exchange occurs
Thickness Thick Thin Very thin
of wall
Elasticity Elastic Less elastic Inelastic
Size of Narrow lumen Large lumen Very narrow
Lumen lumen
Valve No valve Valves No valves
Pressure Very high Very low low
of blood
Types of Arteries
• Elastic Arteries = Has a thick middle layer so Blood Pressure
they can stretch in response to each pulse of the • Blood pressure is the pressure that blood exerts
heart. Also called Conducting Arteries or on the walls of the blood vessels.
Conduiting Arteries. • It is the force that causes blood to flow down its
• Muscular Arteries = Draws blood from elastic pressure gradient in the blood vessels.
arteries to branch into resistance vessels. BLOOD
• Arterioles = Smallest division of arteries. Works • Blood is composed of a nonliving fluid matrix
with the Capillaries to transport blood to them (plasma) and formed elements.
directly. • Blood transports substances such as oxygen and
Types of Veins nutrients throughout the body and participates in
● Pulmonary Veins = Transport bloods that’s been processes such as clotting and fighting infections.
filled with oxygen by the lungs then transports it • Normal adult blood volume is 5 to 6 liters.
directly back to the heart. COMPONENTS OF BLOOD
● Systemic Veins = Located throughout the body • Plasma - a nonliving fluid matrix.
from the legs up to the neck, including the arms
• Erythrocytes or RBC - the formed elements that
and trunk.
function in oxygen transport.
● Venules = A very small vein, it collects blood
• Leukocytes or WBC - act in various ways to
back after the capillary is done distributing it.
protect the body
Types of Capillaries
• Thrombocytes or Platelets - cell fragments that
● Continuous Capillaries = Most common type of
help stop bleeding.
capillaries. Contains small gaps that allows for
Composition of Blood
small substances/molecules to pass through.
1. Plasma (55%)
● Sinusoid Capillaries = Rarest type of capillaries. a. Water
Allows for large molecules to pass through. Also b. Salts
called Discontinuous Capillaries. c. Plasma Proteins
d. Substances transported by blood • Consisted of 49 defined blood group antigens
2. Formed Elements
a. Erythrocytes • Rh(D) status of an individual is normally described
b. Leukocytes with a positive (+) or negative (−) suffix after
c. Thrombocytes the ABO type
HUMAN BLOOD GROUP
• An antigen is a substance that the body recognizes as Risk
foreign; it stimulates the immune system to mount a Mother Father Fetus
level
defense against it.
Rh+ Rh+ Rh+ None
• The “recognizers” are antibodies present in plasma Rh- Rh- Rh- None
that attach to RBCs bearing surface antigens different Could
from those on the patient’s (recipient’s) RBCs. Rh+ Rh- be None
either
Blood that
Blood RBC Plasma
can be Could
Group Antigen Antibodies Rh- Rh+ be High
received
A, B, O, AB either
AB A, B None (Univ
Recipient) CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
B B Anti-A B, O
A A Anti-B A, O CORONARY HEART DISEASE
Anti-A O
O None (Univ • It happens when a development of fatty elements in
Anti-B the heart failure channels blocks the ancestry flow to
Donor)
our heart influence
PERIPHERAL ARTERY DISEASE
This happens when arteries in our limbs get
blocked, most commonly on the legs
RH Blood group HEART DISEASES
• The rhesus factor, or Rh factor, is a protein that may
be present on the surface of red blood cells
• Originally identified in Rhesus Monkey
AORTIC DISEASES
It’s where the aorta’s wall is weakening and widening. Pain in
the chest, back, or abdomen may occur HEART ATTACK AND STROKE
In most cases, it is an acute event, mainly
caused by a blockage that prevents blood from
flowing to the heart or brain. In strokes, it can be
caused by bleeding from a blood vessel in the
brain or from blood clots