Amrita School of Engineering, Bengluru-35
23MAT107
Calculus
Lab Practice Sheet-8
(Gradient, Hessian, Jacobian, Divergence and Curl, contour and
vector/quiver plot using MATLAB)
• Gradient, Hessian, Jacobian, Divergence and Curl
syms x y z;
X = [x y z];
F = x^2 + 3*y^2-5*z;
V = [x^3+y, y^3+z, z^3+x];
Grad = gradient(F, X)
H = det(hessian(F, X))
Div = divergence(V, X)
Curl = curl(V, X)
J = det(jacobian(V, X))
• Contour curves/ level curves
x = linspace(-2*pi,2*pi);
y = linspace(0,4*pi);
[X, Y] = meshgrid(x, y);
Z = sin(X)+cos(Y);
contour(X, Y, Z) % contour curves for the function f(x, y)=sin(x)+cos(y)
NOTE
➢ contour(X, Y, Z, 50) can be used to get fixed number of contour curves/ level
curves.
➢ contour(X, Y, Z,'--') can be used to get contour curves in – style.
➢ contour(X, Y, Z, 'ShowText','on') can be used to write the values of the function
on the curves.
• Vector/Quiver plot
x = -2:.2:2;
y = -2:.2:2;
[x, y] = meshgrid(x, y);
z = x.^2 + y.^2;
figure
[px, py] = gradient(z);
contour(x, y, z,'ShowText','on'), hold on
quiver(x, y, px, py), axis image
Practice Questions
1. Find the gradient and Hessian of the following scalar function using MATLAB
command
a. 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = 4𝑥 3 𝑒 𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦 3 𝑧
b. 𝑔(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = 𝑒 𝑥𝑦 (𝑥 + 𝑦) at 𝑃: (−1, 1)
c. ℎ(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )/(𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 )
2. Find the divergence, curl and Jacobian of the following vector functions using
MATLAB command
a. 𝑈(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = 𝑥 2 𝑦𝑖̂ + 𝑥𝑗̂ + 2𝑦𝑧𝑘̂ at 𝑃: (2, −3, 5)
b. 𝑉(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = log(𝑥𝑦𝑧)[𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧]
3. Find the Laplacian of the function 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 )−1 at 𝑃: (1, 1, 1) using
MATLAB command.
4. Plot the level curves for the function: 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 4𝑥 2 + 9𝑦 2 − 72 with function values
written in each curve in −10 ≤ 𝑥, 𝑦 ≤ 10.
5. Sketch the quiver plot for the function: 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 9𝑥 2 − 16𝑦 2 with function values
written in each curve in −10 ≤ 𝑥, 𝑦 ≤ 10.