INVERSION – CÂU ĐẢO NGỮ NHẤN MẠNH

Công thức tổng quát: trợ từ ( do/does/did/have/has/had/is/are/can/will/should ...(tùy theo từng thì ) + S + V(chính)
Cấu trúc 1: NGAY SAU KHI ……THÌ
1. After / As soon as + S + V, S + V
2. Hardly / Scarcely / Barely + had + S + V3/ed + WHEN + S + V
3. No sooner + had + S + V3/ed + THAN + S + V
- As soon as I had entered the room, I noticed her. - Scarcely…………………………………...……..….…
- Hardly………………………………………………… - No sooner……………………………………………...

Cấu trúc 2: MÃI CHO ĐẾN KHI THÌ

1. It +is/was + not until + (time / clause) + THAT + S + V
2. Not until + (time / clause) + trợ từ + S + V
a) John didn’t come home until midnight. b) The boy didn’t stop singing until the teacher came.
=> ……………………………………………... => ……………………………………………...
=> ……………………………………………... => ……………………………………………...

Cấu trúc 3: Các từ mang nghĩa phủ định HOẶC “only” đứng đầu câu:
Only, No, Not, Never, Hardly, Seldom, Scarcely, Little + trợ từ + S + V(chính)
a) We have never faced such a challenge. c) She is rarely seen in public nowadays.
=> ……………………………………………... => ……………………………………………...
d) He little knows what awaits him.
b) He not only exceeded the speed limit, but he had also => ……………………………………………...
consumed alcohol. e) Holly seldom spoke during meetings.
=> ……………………………………………... => ……………………………………………...
, but he had also consumed alcohol. f) She hardly ever speaks in public.
=> ……………………………………………...

Cấu trúc 4: CÁC CỤM TỪ CÓ “NO”

1. under no circumstances = in no circumstances: dù trong bất kỳ hoàn cảnh/tình huống nào cũng không
You are not allowed to disturb the pilots under any circumstances.
=> Under no circumstances........................................................................................................................
2. at no time = never : chưa bao giờ
He would never admit that his team played badly.
=> At no time..............................................................................................................................................
3. by no means = (not) by any means: hoàn toàn không, tuyệt đối không, không đời nào
You shouldn’t open this door by any means.
=> By no means..........................................................................................................................................
4. on no account = (not) on any account: tuyệt đối không được, dù bất kỳ lý do nào cũng không được phép.
We cannot allow this behavior to continue on any account.
=> On no account........................................................................................................................................
5. on no condition = under no condition: dù trong bất kỳ hoàn cảnh/tình huống nào... cũng không
You must under no condition tell them what happened.
=> Under no condition................................................................................................................................
 Cấu trúc 5: các trường hợp ĐẢO NGỮ Ở VẾ SAU
Only after + S + V + trợ từ + S + V ( chỉ sau khi…… thì…)
Only if + S + V + trợ từ + S + V ( chỉ khi.…….…thì mới…)
Only when + S + V + trợ từ + S + V ( chỉ khi ……….thì mới…)
Not until + S + V + trợ từ + S + V ( mãi cho đến khi….…thì…)
1. You can only play after you have finished your homework.
=> Only after..................................................................................................................................
2. I would only accept this position if everybody agreed.
=> Only...........................................................................................................................................
3. He only called me when he needed some help.
=> Only when.................................................................................................................................
4. He didn't know how to swim until he was 30 years old.
=> Not until....................................................................................................................................

Cấu trúc 6: Đảo ngữ với “so + adj/adv+ that ; such + noun + that” - quá…đến nỗi mà…
1) So + adj /adv + trợ từ + S + that + S + V:
The bag was so heavy that he couldn’t lift it. => ………………………………………………………………..
He ran so quickly that no one could catch him. => ………………………………………………………………..

2) Such + be + noun + that + S +V

Such + a/an + adj + noun + be + S + that + S + V
His experience was such that he knew what to do immediately.
=> …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
It was such a difficult question that nobody could answer it.
=> …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Cấu trúc 7: Đảo ngữ cụm từ chỉ nơi chốn, vị trí (đảo toàn bộ động từ) – chủ ngữ phải là danh từ, không phải là đại từ
(subject I, you, we,…) => Cụm trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn + động từ chính + danh từ
- The bus comes here. => Here comes the bus.
- A tall man stood next to the window. => Next to the window………………………………………
- Strange noises came from the cave. => From the cave ………………………………………
- All the books I borrowed were on the shelf. => On the shelf ………………………………………
- A pile of clean clothes lay on the table. => On the table ……………………………………… ( lie – lay – lain – nằm)

Cấu trúc 8: Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện

Type 1: If you need help, just call me.
→ ………………………………………, just call me.

Type 2: If I were rich, I would travel the world.

→ ………………………………………, I would travel the world.
If she studied harder, she could pass the exam.
→ ………………………………………, she could pass the exam.

Type 3: If he had studied harder, he would have passed the exam.

→ ………………………………………, he would have passed the exam.
If he hadn’t studied harder, he wouldn’t have passed the exam.
→ ………………………………………, he wouldn’t have passed the exam.
 EXERCISES
1. ______ had we arrived at the hotel than there was a power cut.
A. When B. As soon as C. No sooner D. Hardly
2. Not only____________ the first prize, but she was also offered a promotion
A. Kate won B. Kate had won C. won Kate D. did Kate win
3. Only when ______ can we begin the program.
A. has Peter arrived B. Peter has arrived C. arrived has Peter D. arrived Peter has
4. Only after posting the letter _______ that I had forgotten to put on a stamp.
A. then I realized B. did I realize C. and I realized D. when I realized
5. Hardly had the burglars left the building _______ Someone rang the alarm.
A. when B. than C. that D. until
6. _______she had arrived at the office did she realize she had forgotten to turn off the gas cooker.
A. Until B. Not until C. When D. Once
7. So difficult _____ that few students could answer them.
A. were the questions B. the questions were C. the questions are D. that the questions were
8. Little _______ what he has caused to others.
A. does he know B. he knows C. he can know D. he will know
9. The noise next door didn't stop until midnight.
A. It was not until midnight that the noise next door stopped.
B. Not until midnight did the noise next door stopped.
C. Only when midnight did the noise next door stopped.
D. Hardly did the noise next door stopped when it was midnight.
10. He started working in this bank as soon as he graduated from university.
A. No sooner had he started working in this bank than he graduated from university.
B. Hardly had he started working in this bank when he graduated from university.
C. No sooner had he graduated from university than he started working in this bank.
D. After he graduated from university, he had started working in this bank.
11. He spent all his money. He even borrowed some from me.
A. As soon as he borrowed some money from me, he spent it all.
B. Hardly had he borrowed some money from me when he spent it all.
C. Not only did he spent all his money but he also borrowed some from me.
D. Not only did he spend all his money but he borrowed some from me as well
12. Right after his appointment to the post, he fell ill.
A. No sooner did he appointed to the post than he fell ill.
B. No sooner had he appointed to the post than he fell ill.
C. Hardly had he appointed to the post when he fell ill.
 D. Hardly had he been appointed to the post when he fell ill.

13. Just after solving one problem, he was faced with another.
A. Scarcely had he solved one problem when he was faced with another.
B. Hardly had he solved one problem when he was faced with another.
C. No sooner had he solved one problem than he was faced with another.
D. All are correct.
14. A country cannot be prosperous if it is not quite independent.
A. Unless a country is quite independent, it can be prosperous.
B. Without complete independence, a country can be prosperous.
C. Only when a country is quite independent can it be prosperous.
D. It is not until a country is quite independent can it be prosperous.
15. I only recognized her when she came into the light.
A. Only when I recognized her, she came into the light.
B. It wasn't until she came into the light that I recognized her
C. Not until she came into the light I did recognize her
D. I did not recognize her even when she came into the light
16. ________ will Nam be able to pass the exam.
A. Only by working hard B. Despite his hard work
C. Only if he works hardly D. With hard work
17. ________, she would have been able to pass the exam.
A. If she studied harder last year B. Provided she studied hard last year
C. Studying harder last year D. Had she studied harder last year
18. Coffee shops are forbidden to serve over ten customers at a time during social distancing. There is no exception
whatsoever.
A. Under no circumstances are coffee shops prohibited from serving over ten customers at a time during social distancing.
B. On no account are coffee shops permitted to serve over ten customers at a time during social distancing.
C. In no way are coffee shops prohibited from serving over ten customers at a time during social distancing.
D. At no time were coffee shops permitted to serve over ten customers at a time during social distancing.
19. Smoking is strictly forbidden in this office. There is no exception whatsoever.
A. On no occasion are people banned from smoking in this office.
B. At no time are people banned from smoking in this office.
C. By no means were people allowed to smoke in this office.
D. Under no circumstances are people allowed to smoke in this office.
20. Students are forbidden to bring their phones into the exam room. There is no exception whatsoever.
A. In no way are students prohibited from bringing their phones into the exam room.
B. Under no circumstances are students prohibited from bringing their phones into the exam room.
C. On no account are students permitted to bring their phones into the exam room.
D. At no time were students permitted to bring their phones into the exam room.
21. Single-use plastic products are convenient. They are detrimental to the environment.
A. It is their detriment to the environment that makes single-use plastic products convenient.
B. Convenient though single-use plastic products are, they are detrimental to the environment.
C. Not only are single-use plastic products convenient, they are also detrimental to the environment.
D. Were single-use plastic products convenient, they would be detrimental to the environment.