Functions [179 marks]

x+3
The functions f and g are defined such that f (x) = 4
and g (x) = 8x + 5.

1a. Show that (g ∘ f) (x) = 2x + 11. [2 marks]

1b. Given that (g ∘ f)−1 (a) = 4, find the value of a. [3 marks]

= ( )
2. The following diagram shows the graph of y = f (x). The graph has a [5 marks]
horizontal asymptote at y = −1. The graph crosses the x-axis at x = −1 and
x = 1, and the y-axis at y = 2.

2
On the following set of axes, sketch the graph of y = [f (x)] + 1, clearly showing
any asymptotes with their equations and the coordinates of any local maxima or
minima.

2 R ⩽
 The function f is defined by f (x) = e2x − 6ex + 5, x ∈ R, x ⩽ a. The graph of
y = f (x) is shown in the following diagram.

3a. Find the largest value of a such that f has an inverse function. [3 marks]

3b. For this value of a , find an expression for f −1 (x), stating its domain. [5 marks]

4. The functionsf and g are defined for x ∈ R by f(x)= x − 2 and [6 marks]

g(x)= ax + b, where a, b ∈ R.
Given that (f ∘ g)(2)= −3 and (g ∘ f)(1)= 5, find the value of a and the value of
b.

= −1 − √ + 3 ≥ −3
 The following diagram shows the graph of y = −1 − √x + 3 for x ≥ −3.

5a. Describe a sequence of transformations that transforms the graph of [3 marks]

y = √x for x ≥ 0 to the graph of y = −1 − √x + 3 for x ≥ −3.

A function f is defined by f(x)= −1 − √x + 3 for x ≥ −3.

5b. State the range of f . [1 mark]

5c. Find an expression for f −1 (x), stating its domain. [5 marks]

5d. Find the coordinates of the point(s) where the graphs of y = f(x) and [5 marks]
y = f −1 (x) intersect.

6. The quadratic equation (k − 1)x2 + 2x +(2k − 3)= 0, where k ∈ R, has [5 marks]

real distinct roots.
Find the range of possible values for k.

2x+6
Let f (x) = x2+6x+10
, x ∈ R.

7a. Show that f (x) has no vertical asymptotes. [3 marks]

7b. Find the equation of the horizontal asymptote. [2 marks]

2x2−5x−12
Let f (x) = x+2
, x ∈ R, x ≠ −2.

8a. Find all the intercepts of the graph of f (x) with both the x and y axes. [4 marks]
8b. Write down the equation of the vertical asymptote. [1 mark]

8c. As x → ±∞ the graph of f (x) approaches an oblique straight line [4 marks]

asymptote.
Divide 2x2 − 5x − 12 by x + 2 to find the equation of this asymptote.

x2−10x+5
Let f (x) = x+1
, x ∈ R, x ≠ −1.

9a. Find the co-ordinates of all stationary points. [4 marks]

9b. Write down the equation of the vertical asymptote. [1 mark]

9c. With justification, state if each stationary point is a minimum, maximum [4 marks]
or horizontal point of inflection.

Consider the points A(−2, 20), B(4, 6) and C(−14, 12). The line L passes
through the point A and is perpendicular to [BC].

10a. Find the equation of L. [3 marks]

10b. The line L passes through the point (k, 2). [2 marks]
Find the value of k.

Consider the series ln x + p ln x + 13 ln x + …, where x ∈ R, x > 1 and

p ∈ R, p ≠ 0.

Consider the case where the series is geometric.

11a. Show that 1 [2 marks]

p=± .
√3

11b. Given that p > 0 and S∞ = 3 + √3, find the value of x. [3 marks]
 Now consider the case where the series is arithmetic with common difference d.

11c. Show that p = 23 . [3 marks]

11d. Write down d in the form k ln x, where k ∈ Q. [1 mark]

11e. The sum of the first n terms of the series is −3 ln x. [6 marks]

Find the value of n.

2x−1
A function f is defined by f(x)= x+1
, where x ∈ R, x ≠ −1.

The graph of y = f(x) has a vertical asymptote and a horizontal asymptote.

12a. Write down the equation of the vertical asymptote. [1 mark]

12b. Write down the equation of the horizontal asymptote. [1 mark]

12c. On the set of axes below, sketch the graph of y = f(x). [3 marks]
On your sketch, clearly indicate the asymptotes and the position of any points
of intersection with the axes.

2 −1
12d. Hence, solve the inequality 2x−1 [1 mark]
0< x+1
< 2.

7
Consider the binomial expansion (x + 1) = x7 + ax6 + bx5 + 35x4 + … + 1
where x ≠ 0 and a, b ∈ Z+ .

13a. Show that b = 21. [2 marks]

13b. The third term in the expansion is the mean of the second term and the [5 marks]
fourth term in the expansion.
Find the possible values of x.

The following diagram shows part of the graph of a quadratic function f .

The graph of f has its vertex at (3, 4), and it passes through point Q as shown.

14a. Write down the equation of the axis of symmetry. [1 mark]

The function can be written in the form f(x) = a(x − h)2 + k.

14b. Write down the values of h and k. [2 marks]

14c. Point Q has coordinates (5, 12). Find the value of a. [2 marks]

The line L is tangent to the graph of f at Q.

14d. Find the equation of L. [4 marks]

= ( )
 Now consider another function y = g(x). The derivative of g is given by
g'(x) = f(x) − d, where d ∈ R.

14e. Find the values of d for which g is an increasing function. [3 marks]

14f. Find the values of x for which the graph of g is concave-up. [3 marks]

1
Consider the functions f(x)=
x −4
+ 1, for x ≠ 4, and g(x)= x − 3 for x ∈ R.
The following diagram shows the graphs of f and g.

The graphs of f and g intersect at points A and B. The coordinates of A are

(3, 0).

15. Find the coordinates of B. [5 marks]

16a. Show that 1 [2 marks]

p=± .
√3

16b. Hence or otherwise, show that the series is convergent. [1 mark]

16c. Given that p > 0 and S∞ = 3 + √3, find the value of x. [3 marks]

16d. Show that p = 23 . [3 marks]

16e. Write down d in the form k ln x, where k ∈ Q. [1 mark]

 The sum of the first n terms of the series is ln( 13 ).
16f. [8 marks]
x
Find the value of n.

1
A function f is defined by f(x)= x2−2x−3
, where x ∈ R, x ≠ −1, x ≠ 3.

17a. Sketch the curve y = f(x), clearly indicating any asymptotes with their [6 marks]
equations. State the coordinates of any local maximum or minimum points and
any points of intersection with the coordinate axes.

1
A function g is defined by g(x)= x2−2x−3
, where x ∈ R, x > 3.

The inverse of g is g −1 .

17b. √ 4 x 2+ x [6 marks]
Show that g −1 (x)= 1 + x
.

17c. State the domain of g −1 . [1 mark]

18a. Write down the equation of the vertical asymptote. [1 mark]

18b. Write down the equation of the horizontal asymptote. [1 mark]

= ( )
18c. On the set of axes below, sketch the graph of y = f(x). [3 marks]
On your sketch, clearly indicate the asymptotes and the position of any points
of intersection with the axes.

18d. Hence, solve the inequality 2x−1 [1 mark]

0< x+1
< 2.

18e. 2 | x | −1 [2 marks]
Solve the inequality 0< | x | +1
< 2.

A function f is defined by f(x)= x√1 − x2 where −1 ≤ x ≤ 1.

The graph of y = f(x) is shown below.

19a. Show that f is an odd function. [2 marks]

≤ ≤ , ∈R
 19b. The range of f is a ≤ y ≤ b, where a, b ∈ R. [6 marks]
Find the value of a and the value of b .

4x+1
The function f is defined by f(x)= x+4
, where x ∈ R, x ≠ −4.

For the graph of f

20a. write down the equation of the vertical asymptote. [1 mark]

20b. find the equation of the horizontal asymptote. [2 marks]

20c. Find f −1 (x). [4 marks]

20d. Using an algebraic approach, show that the graph of f −1 is obtained by [4 marks]
a reflection of the graph of f in the y-axis followed by a reflection in the x-axis.

The graphs of f and f −1 intersect at x = p and x = q, where p < q.

20e. Find the value of p and the value of q. [2 marks]

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