Citrus Garden
Experimental Fruit Garden
( Square No : 9 )
Field Visit Report : Citrus Garden
This field report is based on our visit to a citrus garden, where we explored the natural
environment and observed various bird species in their habitat. The main purpose of the visit was
to study the interaction between birds and the citrus ecosystem, including their feeding, nesting,
and behavioral patterns. The lush green garden provided an ideal environment for many birds.
The different species of birds we observed during our visit are described below.
1. Black Kite
2. House crow
3. Common myna
4. Eurasian Hope
5. Egret
6. Laughing Dove
Black Kite
Scientific Name : Milvus migrans
Common Name : Black kite, Cheel
Scientific Classification :
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Accipitriformes
Family: Accipitridae
Genus: Milvus
Species: Milvus migrans
Genral Character :
The Black Kite (Milvus migrans) is a medium-sized raptor with a distinctive appearance
and behavior. Here are some key characteristics:
Physical Description:
Dark brown plumage with a slightly paler head and neck
Long, narrow wings with a distinctive “fingered” shape
Forked tail
Length: approximately 55-65 cm (22-26 in)
Wingspan: up to 1.5 meters (4.9 ft)
Behavior:
Opportunistic feeder, scavenging for carrion, small mammals, and insects
Known for stealing food from other birds, including humans
Highly adaptable and found in various habitats, including urban areas
Social bird, often seen in flocks
Migrants in some populations, while others are resident birds
Habitat:
Wide range of habitats, including open countryside, wetlands, and urban areas
Often near water sources, such as rivers, lakes, or coastal areas
Overall, the Black Kite is a versatile and resourceful bird, known for its intelligence and
adaptability.
Common Myna / Indian Myna
Common Name : Indian Myna
Scientific Name : Acridotheres tristis.
Scientific Classification :
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Sturnidae
Genus: Acridotheres
Species: A. tristis
General Characteristics :
The Indian Myna, also known as the Common Myna, is a fascinating bird with some
interesting characteristics.
Physical Description:
Brown body with a black head and neck
White wing patch and black primaries
Yellow bill, eye patch, and legs
Length: approximately 23 cm (9 inches)
Behavior:
Omnivorous, feeding on insects, fruits, grains, and human waste
Aggressive and territorial, often displacing native bird species
Forms large communal roosts
Known for its intelligence and ability to mimic human speech
Habitat:
Native to Asia, including India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh
Found in various habitats, including urban areas, grasslands, and open woodlands
Often near water sources, such as rivers, lakes, or coastal areas
Known to carry diseases and parasites that can affect humans and other animals
Popular as a cage bird due to its intelligence and ability to mimic human speech .
House Crow
Common Name : House crow
Scientific Name : Corvus splendens
Scientific Classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Corvidae
Genus: Corvus
Species: C. splendens
Genral Charteristics
The House Crow is a medium-sized bird with some notable characteristics.
Physical Description:
o Grey body with a black head, wings, and tail
o Throat and breast feathers have a greyish tint
o Black bill and legs
o Length: approximately 40-43 cm (16-17 inches)
Behavior:
o Omnivorous, feeding on insects, fruits, grains, and human waste
o Intelligent and adaptable, often exploiting human resources
o Forms large communal roosts
o Known for its complex social behavior and vocalizations
Habitat:
o Native to Asia, including India, Pakistan, and Southeast Asia
o Found in various habitats, including urban areas, forests, and coastal regions
o Often near human settlements and agricultural areas
Great Egret
Common Name : Great egret ( bagla)
Scientific Name : Adrea alba
Scientific Classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Pelecaniformes
Family: Ardeidae
Genus: Ardea
Species: A. alba
Genral Charteristics :
The Great Egret is a majestic bird with some notable characteristics.
*Physical Description:*
o Snowy white plumage
o Long, slender neck and legs
o Yellow-orange bill (breeding season: orange-red)
o Black legs and feet
o Length: approximately 80-100 cm (31-39 inches)
*Behavior:*
o Wades in shallow water, searching for fish, frogs, and insects
o Often seen alone or in small groups
o Forms breeding colonies, often with other heron species
o Migratory in some populations
*Habitat:*
o Wetlands, rivers, lakes, and coastal areas
o Found in tropical, subtropical, and temperate regions worldwide
Eurasian hoopoe
Common Name : Eurasian hoopoe
Scientific Name : Upupa epops
Scientific Classification :
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Bucerotiformes
Family: Upupidae
Genus: Upupa
Species : Upupa epops
General Charteristics :
The Eurasian Hoopoe is a fascinating bird with some remarkable characteristics.
*Physical Description:*
o Cinnamon-colored plumage with black and white wings
o Tall, erectile crest with black-tipped feathers
o Long, thin, and slightly curved bill
o Length: approximately 25-32 cm (9.8-12.6 in)
o Wingspan: 44-48 cm (17-19 in)
*Behavior:*
o Omnivorous, feeding on insects, small reptiles, and plant matter
o Unique “foot-stamping” behavior to flush out prey
o Forms breeding colonies, often in tree cavities or rock crevices
o Known for its distinctive “hoo-hoo-hoo” call
*Habitat:*
o Found in Europe, Asia, and North Africa
o Prefers open landscapes, including grasslands, savannas, and orchards
o Often near human settlements and agricultural areas
Laughing Dove
common Name : Laughing dove, little brown dove
Scientific Name : Spilopelia senegalensis
Scientific Classification :
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Columbiformes
Family: Columbidae
Genus: Spilopelia
Species: S. senegalensis
Genral Charteristics :
The Laughing Dove is a charming bird with some notable characteristics.
*Physical Description:*
o Pinkish-brown plumage with a grey head and neck
o Black collar with white spots on the neck
o Long, pointed tail with white tips
o Length: approximately 25-30 cm (9.8-11.8 in)
*Behavior:*
o Feeds on seeds, grains, and insects on the ground
o Often seen in pairs or small groups
o Known for its soft, laughing call: “koo-KOO-koo”
o Forms breeding pairs, often in trees or shrubs
*Habitat:*
o Native to Africa, Asia, and the Middle East
o Found in open landscapes, including grasslands, savannas, and urban areas
o Often near human settlements and agricultural areas