Satellite Television
Communication between – two earth stations
Satellite
Communication between two earth station – via
satellite
sending, receiving and processing of information.
Electromagnetic waves – carrier signals
Signals – voice, audio, video
Data between ground and space (vice-versa)
Satellite
1957 – Sputnik 1 – Soviet Union
1975 – Aryabhata - India
Working of a Satellite
Earth station
High powered – high frequency signals
Satellite receive and transmit – signals back
to earth
Other earth stations – coverage area
Satellite's footprint is the area which receives
a signal of useful strength from the satellite.
Application: Satellite
Radio and voice communication
TV broadcasting – DTH
Internet applications
Military applications and navigation
Remote sensing
Weather condition monitoring and forecasting
Advantages
Area of coverage – more than terrestrial
Coverage
Transmission cost
Bandwidth – broadcasting possibilities
Disadvantages
Propagation delay
Cost
Repairand maintenance
Network problems
Satellite TV
basic setup for a satellite TV
involves:
a satellite dish also called a "parabolic
reflector antenna," along with
a "low-noise block down converter" and
a receiver.
Frequencies: Satellite TV
Ku band - direct-broadcast satellite TV
C band - analogue systems "big dish" systems use
the lower C band
Satellite TV: India
INSAT - Doordarshan
Satellite TV covers – 100% area and population
Terrestrial – 81% area and 92% population
1415 transmitters of Doordarshan – INSAT
DTH – popularity – HDTV services
On demand movie
Cable vs Satellite TV
Cable
Adv – improved audio and picture quality
Disadvantage – Limited access – rural areas. Cost factor
Satellite TV
Adv – Movie quality audio and picture – hundreds of
channels – available to rural and urban
Disadvantage – Expensive – Extra fee for multiple
connections
Satellite TV Signals - Compression
High quality digital data – Transmission
Compression
Standards
MPEG - interoperability – computer, TV and handheld video and
audio
MPEG 1
MPEG 2
MPEG 4
MPEG 21
Satellite receiver
• De-scrambles – encrypted signal
• Digital signal – analogue format
• Extract individual channels from
larger satellite signal
• Track of – Pay per view programs
• Billing info
DTH - Direct to Home
Satellite Broadcasting process
DTH
direct broadcast satellite – DBS
Competing with local Cable TV
Higher quality satellite signals – more channels
broadcasting centre, satellite, encoders, multiplexers,
modulators, and DTH receivers (STB)
DTH - working
[Link] broadcasting centre,
[Link] and transmission,
[Link] satellite dish and
[Link] receiver.
Key features
technology is beneficial to everyone equally
High-quality video and audio which are cost-effective
4000 channels can be viewed along with 2000 radio
channels in DTH
no mediators
digital quality audio, video and high-speed broadband
DTH in India
DTH services started in India in 2003
DTH was first proposed to India in 1996
2000 - DTH was allowed.
Growth
big market for Satellite TV services
DTH - seen phenomenal growth over the last decade
Growth
Growth over the last decade
Active subscriber base of 69.3 million
DAS and HITS – mandatory
Mergers
Mergers and consolidation -2016-17
Challenges and Opportunities
OTT Video
offer streaming services and launch products like Android TV
dongles and hybrid STBs to counter competition from OTT
platforms.
Tata Sky (Binge), Dish TV (Watcho), Sun Direct (Sun NXT), Airtel
(XStream)
Streaming services – Cable TV
DTH – innovations
Television households - increasing