Planning 2: Fundamentals

of Urban Design and

Community Architecture
APLANN02
WEEK 2 – MODULE 2

PREPARED BY: AR. KIM LEMUEL DELOS SANTOS

 Course Learning Outcome:
Prehistoric and Ancient
Urbanism

Classical Urbanism
• Express cultural basis of Urban and Community design and
Medieval Urbanism their historical background.
Renaissance Urbanism

Baroque Urbanism

Industrial Revolution
and 19th Century
Urbanism

Early 20th Century

Modernist Urban
Design

Post-War and Mid-20th

Century Urbanism

Postmodern and
Contemporary Urban
Design

Reference
PREPARED BY:
AR. KIM LEMUEL DELOS
SANTOS, UAP
 History of Urban Design and Community Architecture
Prehistoric and Ancient
Urbanism

Classical Urbanism
• The history of urban design reflects a long-standing human
Medieval Urbanism endeavor to create organized, functional, and aesthetically
Renaissance Urbanism pleasing built environments. From ancient civilizations such
Baroque Urbanism as those in China, India, Egypt, and Mesopotamia, through
Industrial Revolution the classical civilizations of Greece and Rome, to medieval
European cities, urban design has been a conscious
and 19th Century
Urbanism

Early 20th Century

Modernist Urban
product of social, cultural, and technological
Design developments. Throughout history, various periods such as
Post-War and Mid-20th
Century Urbanism
the Renaissance and Baroque era witnessed renewed
Postmodern and
interest and advancements in urban planning principles,
Contemporary Urban
Design
illustrating a continual evolution of design philosophies
Reference aimed at enhancing the quality of urban life.
PREPARED BY:
AR. KIM LEMUEL DELOS
SANTOS, UAP
 Prehistoric and Ancient Urbanism
Prehistoric and Ancient
Urbanism

Classical Urbanism
• Neolithic Settlements
Medieval Urbanism • Mesopotamian Urbanism (c. 3500–500 BCE)
• Indus Valley Civilization (c. 2600–1900 BCE)
Renaissance Urbanism

Baroque Urbanism

Industrial Revolution • Ancient Egypt

and 19th Century
Urbanism
• Ancient China
Early 20th Century
Modernist Urban
Design
• Pre-Columbian Urbanism in the Americas
Post-War and Mid-20th
Century Urbanism

Postmodern and
Contemporary Urban
Design

Reference
PREPARED BY:
AR. KIM LEMUEL DELOS
SANTOS, UAP
 Neolithic Settlements
Prehistoric and Ancient
Urbanism

Classical Urbanism

Medieval Urbanism

Renaissance Urbanism

Baroque Urbanism

Industrial Revolution
and 19th Century
Urbanism

Early 20th Century

Modernist Urban
Design

Post-War and Mid-20th

Century Urbanism

Postmodern and
Contemporary Urban
Design

Reference
PREPARED BY:
AR. KIM LEMUEL DELOS
SANTOS, UAP
 Neolithic Settlements
Prehistoric and Ancient
Urbanism

Classical Urbanism
• Çatal hüyük (Turkey)
Medieval Urbanism • Densely packed housing, no streets
Renaissance Urbanism
• Ritual and domestic space integration
Baroque Urbanism
• Early signs of social complexity
Industrial Revolution
and 19th Century
Urbanism

Early 20th Century

Modernist Urban
• Jericho (West Bank)
Design
• One of the oldest continuously inhabited cities
• Defensive walls and tower
Post-War and Mid-20th
Century Urbanism

Postmodern and
Contemporary Urban
• Implications for early urban defense and community
Design
structure
Reference
PREPARED BY:
AR. KIM LEMUEL DELOS
SANTOS, UAP
 Neolithic Settlements
Prehistoric and Ancient
Urbanism
• Çatal hüyük (Turkey)
Classical Urbanism
• Early village communities near the Levant and the Tigris-
Medieval Urbanism
Euphrates region valued obsidian for making efficient
Renaissance Urbanism
harvesting tools, though it had to be imported from
Baroque Urbanism Anatolia due to its rarity. Their homes were spacious and
Industrial Revolution
and 19th Century
well-equipped, with features like benches, ovens, storage
Urbanism bins, and decorated plastered walls. Cattle horns were
Early 20th Century used as symbolic decorations.
Modernist Urban
Design • Rather than having a central sacred space, each
Post-War and Mid-20th household maintained its own shrine, often used for
Century Urbanism
ancestor worship. Family members were buried beneath
Postmodern and
Contemporary Urban the floors, and their remains sometimes became part of
Design
the shrine. Over time, some homes transitioned into
Reference
PREPARED BY:
spaces primarily used for ritual rather than everyday life.
AR. KIM LEMUEL DELOS
SANTOS, UAP
 Neolithic Settlements
Prehistoric and Ancient
Urbanism

Classical Urbanism
• Çatal hüyük (Turkey
Medieval Urbanism

Renaissance Urbanism

Baroque Urbanism

Industrial Revolution
and 19th Century
Urbanism

Early 20th Century

Modernist Urban
Design

Post-War and Mid-20th

Century Urbanism

Postmodern and
Contemporary Urban
Design

Reference
PREPARED BY:
AR. KIM LEMUEL DELOS
SANTOS, UAP
 Neolithic Settlements

Prehistoric and Ancient

Urbanism
• Jericho (West Bank)
• Ancient Jericho (Tell es-Sultan), located northwest of
Classical Urbanism
modern Jericho in the Jordan Valley, Palestine, is an
Medieval Urbanism
oval-shaped archaeological mound near the spring of
Renaissance Urbanism ‘Ain es-Sultan. By the 9th to 8th millennium BCE, it had
Baroque Urbanism become a large Neolithic settlement, marked by
significant features like a wall, ditch, and tower—
evidence of early permanent habitation, communal life,
Industrial Revolution
and 19th Century
Urbanism
and emerging religious practices, including skull and
Early 20th Century
Modernist Urban
statue burials.
Design • Later periods, especially the Early Bronze Age, reveal
Post-War and Mid-20th early urban planning, while Middle Bronze Age remains
Century Urbanism
show a major Canaanite city-state with a fortified urban
Postmodern and center and complex social structures, including advanced
Contemporary Urban
Design rampart systems. The site reflects key transitions in
human history, from mobile to sedentary life and from
simple to more complex societies.
Reference
PREPARED BY:
AR. KIM LEMUEL DELOS
SANTOS, UAP
Prehistoric and Ancient
Urbanism

Classical Urbanism

Medieval Urbanism

Renaissance Urbanism

Baroque Urbanism

Industrial Revolution
and 19th Century
Urbanism

Early 20th Century

Modernist Urban
Design

Post-War and Mid-20th

Century Urbanism

Postmodern and
Contemporary Urban
Design

Reference
PREPARED BY:
AR. KIM LEMUEL DELOS
SANTOS, UAP
 Mesopotamian Urbanism (c. 3500–500 BCE)
Prehistoric and Ancient
Urbanism

Classical Urbanism
Sumerian Cities (e.g., Ur, Uruk)
Medieval Urbanism • Grid-like layouts and zoning
• Central temples (ziggurats) as organizing nodes
Renaissance Urbanism

Baroque Urbanism

Industrial Revolution • Walls, canals, and early infrastructure

and 19th Century
Urbanism

Early 20th Century

Modernist Urban
Design
Babylon
Post-War and Mid-20th
Century Urbanism
• Monumental planning (e.g., Ishtar Gate, Hanging Gardens)
Postmodern and
Contemporary Urban
• Role of religious and royal authority in shaping urban form
Design

Reference
PREPARED BY:
AR. KIM LEMUEL DELOS
SANTOS, UAP
 Mesopotamian Urbanism (c. 3500–500 BCE)
Prehistoric and Ancient
Urbanism

Classical Urbanism
Sumerian Cities (e.g., Ur, Uruk)
Medieval Urbanism • Sumerian cities, emerging around 3500 BCE in southern
Renaissance Urbanism
Mesopotamia, were among the world’s first urban centers.
Baroque Urbanism
They featured monumental temples called ziggurats,
Industrial Revolution
and 19th Century fortified walls, organized street networks, and complex
Urbanism
irrigation systems. Each city functioned as an independent
Early 20th Century
Modernist Urban city-state, governed by a ruler and dedicated to a patron
Design
deity. Cities like Uruk, Ur, and Eridu became centers of early
writing, trade, religion, and administration, laying the
Post-War and Mid-20th
Century Urbanism

Postmodern and
Contemporary Urban
foundation for urban civilization.
Design

Reference
PREPARED BY:
AR. KIM LEMUEL DELOS
SANTOS, UAP
 Sumerian
Cities
Prehistoric and Ancient
(e.g., Ur, Uruk)
Urbanism

Classical Urbanism

Medieval Urbanism

Renaissance Urbanism

Baroque Urbanism

Industrial Revolution
and 19th Century
Urbanism

Early 20th Century

Modernist Urban
Design

Post-War and Mid-20th

Century Urbanism

Postmodern and
Contemporary Urban
Design

Reference
PREPARED BY:
AR. KIM LEMUEL DELOS
SANTOS, UAP
 Mesopotamian Urbanism (c. 3500–500 BCE)
Prehistoric and Ancient
Urbanism

Classical Urbanism
Babylon
Medieval Urbanism • one of the most famous ancient cities of Mesopotamia,
Renaissance Urbanism
located along the Euphrates River in present-day Iraq. It
Baroque Urbanism
rose to prominence around the 18th century BCE under
Industrial Revolution
and 19th Century King Hammurabi, who is known for the Code of Hammurabi,
Urbanism
one of the earliest written legal systems. Babylon reached
Early 20th Century
Modernist Urban its peak during the reign of Nebuchadnezzar II (6th century
Design
BCE), when it became a grand, fortified city with magnificent
structures like the Ishtar Gate and the legendary Hanging
Post-War and Mid-20th
Century Urbanism

Postmodern and
Contemporary Urban
Gardens. Renowned for its architecture, law, and culture,
Design Babylon symbolized wealth, power, and intellectual
Reference achievement in the ancient world.
PREPARED BY:
AR. KIM LEMUEL DELOS
SANTOS, UAP
 Babylon
Prehistoric and Ancient
Urbanism

Classical Urbanism

Medieval Urbanism

Renaissance Urbanism

Baroque Urbanism

Industrial Revolution
and 19th Century
Urbanism

Early 20th Century

Modernist Urban
Design

Post-War and Mid-20th

Century Urbanism

Postmodern and
Contemporary Urban
Design

Reference
PREPARED BY:
AR. KIM LEMUEL DELOS
SANTOS, UAP
Prehistoric and Ancient
Urbanism

Classical Urbanism

Medieval Urbanism

Renaissance Urbanism

Baroque Urbanism

Industrial Revolution
and 19th Century
Urbanism

Early 20th Century

Modernist Urban
Design

Post-War and Mid-20th

Century Urbanism

Postmodern and
Contemporary Urban
Design

Reference
PREPARED BY:
AR. KIM LEMUEL DELOS
SANTOS, UAP
 Indus Valley Civilization (c. 2600–1900 BCE)
Prehistoric and Ancient
Urbanism

Classical Urbanism
• Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa
Medieval Urbanism • Orthogonal street grid, drainage systems
Renaissance Urbanism
• Citadel and lower town zoning
Baroque Urbanism
• Standardized bricks and modular planning
Industrial Revolution
and 19th Century
Urbanism
• Advanced water and sanitation infrastructure
Early 20th Century
Modernist Urban
Design

Post-War and Mid-20th

Century Urbanism

Postmodern and
Contemporary Urban
Design

Reference
PREPARED BY:
AR. KIM LEMUEL DELOS
SANTOS, UAP
 Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa
Prehistoric and Ancient
Urbanism

Classical Urbanism
• was a highly advanced Bronze Age civilization located in
Medieval Urbanism present-day Pakistan and northwest India. It featured grid-
Renaissance Urbanism pattern streets, sophisticated drainage systems, public
Baroque Urbanism baths, and standardized brick construction. The society was
Industrial Revolution urban, literate (using an undeciphered script), and engaged
in long-distance trade. Remarkably, there is little evidence of
and 19th Century
Urbanism

Early 20th Century

Modernist Urban
warfare or centralized rulers, suggesting a unique, possibly
Design egalitarian social structure. The civilization declined around
Post-War and Mid-20th
Century Urbanism
1900 BCE, likely due to environmental changes.
Postmodern and
Contemporary Urban
Design

Reference
PREPARED BY:
AR. KIM LEMUEL DELOS
SANTOS, UAP
 Mohenjo-Daro
Prehistoric and Ancient
and Harappa
Urbanism

Classical Urbanism

Medieval Urbanism

Renaissance Urbanism

Baroque Urbanism

Industrial Revolution
and 19th Century
Urbanism

Early 20th Century

Modernist Urban
Design

Post-War and Mid-20th

Century Urbanism

Postmodern and
Contemporary Urban
Design

Reference
PREPARED BY:
AR. KIM LEMUEL DELOS
SANTOS, UAP
 Ancient Egypt
Prehistoric and Ancient
Urbanism

Classical Urbanism
• Thebes, Memphis,
Medieval Urbanism Amarna
Renaissance Urbanism • Cities along the
Baroque Urbanism Nile; linearity
Industrial Revolution
shaped by river
and 19th Century
Urbanism
geography
Early 20th Century
• Monumentality:
Modernist Urban
Design
pyramids, temples
as city anchors
Post-War and Mid-20th
Century Urbanism • Axial planning,
Postmodern and processional routes
Contemporary Urban
Design (e.g., Avenue of the
Reference
Sphinxes)
PREPARED BY:
AR. KIM LEMUEL DELOS
SANTOS, UAP
 Ancient Egyptian cities
Prehistoric and Ancient
Urbanism

Classical Urbanism
• developed along the Nile, using its fertile land and transport
Medieval Urbanism routes. Cities like Memphis, Thebes, and Amarna served as
Renaissance Urbanism religious and political centers, featuring temples, palaces,
Baroque Urbanism and residential areas. Their monumental architecture
Industrial Revolution reflected the close ties between urban life, religion, and
royal power. Unlike the dense cities of Mesopotamia,
and 19th Century
Urbanism

Early 20th Century

Modernist Urban
Egyptian cities were more spread out and blended with the
Design natural landscape.
Post-War and Mid-20th
Century Urbanism

Postmodern and
Contemporary Urban
Design

Reference
PREPARED BY:
AR. KIM LEMUEL DELOS
SANTOS, UAP
Prehistoric and Ancient
Urbanism

Classical Urbanism

Medieval Urbanism

Renaissance Urbanism

Baroque Urbanism

Industrial Revolution
and 19th Century
Urbanism

Early 20th Century

Modernist Urban
Design

Post-War and Mid-20th

Century Urbanism

Postmodern and
Contemporary Urban
Design

Reference
PREPARED BY:
AR. KIM LEMUEL DELOS
SANTOS, UAP
 Ancient China
Prehistoric and Ancient
Urbanism

Classical Urbanism
• Neolithic to Shang
Medieval Urbanism and Zhou Dynasties
Renaissance Urbanism • Walled cities with
Baroque Urbanism rectilinear layouts
Industrial Revolution
and 19th Century • Central palaces,
Urbanism
hierarchy reflected in
Early 20th Century
Modernist Urban spatial arrangement
Design

Post-War and Mid-20th

• Feng shui principles
Century Urbanism in orientation and
Postmodern and
Contemporary Urban
layout
Design

Reference
PREPARED BY:
AR. KIM LEMUEL DELOS
SANTOS, UAP
 Pre-Columbian Urbanism
Prehistoric and Ancient
in the Americas
Urbanism

Classical Urbanism

Medieval Urbanism • Olmec, Maya, and

Renaissance Urbanism Teotihuacan
Baroque Urbanism • Ceremonial and
Industrial Revolution
and 19th Century
cosmic alignments in
Urbanism urban form
Early 20th Century
Modernist Urban • Plazas, pyramids, and
Design
ball courts as key
spatial elements
Post-War and Mid-20th
Century Urbanism

Postmodern and
Contemporary Urban
• Example: Teotihuacan
Design
with Avenue of the
Reference
PREPARED BY:
Dead and Temple of
AR. KIM LEMUEL DELOS
SANTOS, UAP
the Sun
 Classical Urbanism

• Greek Cities: Hippodamian grid,

Prehistoric and Ancient
Urbanism • originated in ancient Greece
Classical Urbanism and Rome, focusing on agora, acropolis
Medieval Urbanism
order, symmetry, and
harmony in city design to
Renaissance Urbanism
reflect civic and cultural • Roman Cities: Forum, cardo
Baroque Urbanism
ideals. Cities featured grid and decumanus, aqueducts,
Industrial Revolution
and 19th Century
layouts, monumental public infrastructure
Urbanism spaces, and standardized
architecture that promoted
• Influence on later Western
Early 20th Century
Modernist Urban
both beauty and social
urban design
Design

Post-War and Mid-20th

cohesion. These principles
Century Urbanism deeply influenced later
Postmodern and European urban planning,
Contemporary Urban
Design especially during the
Reference
Renaissance and Baroque
PREPARED BY: periods.
AR. KIM LEMUEL DELOS
SANTOS, UAP
 Hippodamian grid

Prehistoric and Ancient

Urbanism • developed by Hippodamus
Classical Urbanism of Miletus, is an ancient
Medieval Urbanism
Greek urban planning system
Renaissance Urbanism
featuring a regular,
orthogonal street layout that
Baroque Urbanism
divides the city into uniform
Industrial Revolution
and 19th Century
blocks. Designed to promote
Urbanism efficient land use, circulation,
Early 20th Century and social organization, it
Modernist Urban
Design reflects classical ideals of
Post-War and Mid-20th
order, rationality, and
Century Urbanism proportion. This grid system
Postmodern and became a key influence on
Contemporary Urban
Design modern urban planning for its
Reference
clarity and functionality.
PREPARED BY:
AR. KIM LEMUEL DELOS
SANTOS, UAP
Prehistoric and Ancient
Urbanism

Classical Urbanism

Medieval Urbanism

Renaissance Urbanism

Baroque Urbanism

Industrial Revolution
and 19th Century
Urbanism

Early 20th Century

Modernist Urban
Design

Post-War and Mid-20th

Century Urbanism

Postmodern and
Contemporary Urban
Design

Reference
PREPARED BY:
AR. KIM LEMUEL DELOS
SANTOS, UAP
 Medieval urbanism

Prehistoric and Ancient

• describes the organic • Organic growth vs. planned
Urbanism development of cities new towns
between the 5th and 15th
• Fortified cities, castles,
Classical Urbanism
centuries, characterized by
Medieval Urbanism
irregular street patterns, cathedrals as focal points
Renaissance Urbanism narrow lanes, and unplanned
Baroque Urbanism layouts. Unlike classical • Islamic cities: courtyards,
cities, medieval towns grew mosques, souks, introversion
Industrial Revolution
and 19th Century around focal points like
Urbanism castles, cathedrals, or • Example cities: Fez, Siena,
Early 20th Century marketplaces, shaped by Carcassonne, Baghdad
Modernist Urban natural terrain, defense
Design
needs, and community
Post-War and Mid-20th functions. This approach
Century Urbanism
reflects organic growth driven
Postmodern and by daily life and practical
Contemporary Urban
Design concerns, resulting in
complex, maze-like urban
Reference
PREPARED BY:
forms.
AR. KIM LEMUEL DELOS
SANTOS, UAP
 Carcassonne in France
Prehistoric and Ancient
Urbanism

Classical Urbanism
• is a prime example of medieval
Medieval Urbanism urban development, featuring
Renaissance Urbanism fortified walls, narrow, winding
Baroque Urbanism streets, and organic growth
Industrial Revolution centered around a fortress and
cathedral. Its compact layout
and 19th Century
Urbanism

Early 20th Century

Modernist Urban
reflects medieval urbanism’s
Design focus on defense and social
Post-War and Mid-20th
Century Urbanism
needs, making it a well-
Postmodern and
preserved model of medieval
Contemporary Urban
Design
city planning.
Reference
PREPARED BY:
AR. KIM LEMUEL DELOS
SANTOS, UAP
Prehistoric and Ancient
Urbanism

Classical Urbanism

Medieval Urbanism

Renaissance Urbanism

Baroque Urbanism

Industrial Revolution
and 19th Century
Urbanism

Early 20th Century

Modernist Urban
Design

Post-War and Mid-20th

Century Urbanism

Postmodern and
Contemporary Urban
Design

Reference
PREPARED BY:
AR. KIM LEMUEL DELOS
SANTOS, UAP
 Renaissance urbanism (14th–17th century)
Prehistoric and Ancient
Urbanism

Classical Urbanism
• revived classical principles of harmony, symmetry,
Medieval Urbanism proportion, and order in city design. It combined aesthetic
Renaissance Urbanism beauty with functional planning, using grid or radial street
Baroque Urbanism patterns, plazas, and monumental architecture to reflect
Industrial Revolution humanist ideals, civic pride, and harmony with nature.
and 19th Century
Urbanism

Early 20th Century

Modernist Urban
Design

Post-War and Mid-20th

Century Urbanism

Postmodern and
Contemporary Urban
Design

Reference
PREPARED BY:
AR. KIM LEMUEL DELOS
SANTOS, UAP
 Palmanova, Italy

Prehistoric and Ancient

Urbanism • built in the late 16th
Classical Urbanism century, exemplifies
Medieval Urbanism
Renaissance
Renaissance Urbanism
urbanism with its
symmetrical,
Baroque Urbanism
geometric star-
Industrial Revolution
and 19th Century
shaped layout, radial
Urbanism streets, and fortified
Early 20th Century bastions. The design
Modernist Urban
Design reflects Renaissance
Post-War and Mid-20th
ideals of order,
Century Urbanism proportion, and
Postmodern and harmony, combining
Contemporary Urban
Design aesthetic beauty
Reference
with military
PREPARED BY: defense.
AR. KIM LEMUEL DELOS
SANTOS, UAP
 Palmanova, Italy
Prehistoric and Ancient
Urbanism

Classical Urbanism

Medieval Urbanism

Renaissance Urbanism

Baroque Urbanism

Industrial Revolution
and 19th Century
Urbanism

Early 20th Century

Modernist Urban
Design

Post-War and Mid-20th

Century Urbanism

Postmodern and
Contemporary Urban
Design

Reference
PREPARED BY:
AR. KIM LEMUEL DELOS
SANTOS, UAP
 Baroque urbanism (17th–early 18th century)
Prehistoric and Ancient
Urbanism

Classical Urbanism
• emphasized grand, dramatic urban layouts designed to
Medieval Urbanism evoke emotion and display power. Inspired by French formal
Renaissance Urbanism gardens, it featured axial vistas, processional routes,
Baroque Urbanism monumental spaces, and theatrical compositions. Cities
Industrial Revolution were shaped by expansive plazas, oblique angles, and
strategically placed monuments, reflecting ideals of order,
and 19th Century
Urbanism

Early 20th Century

Modernist Urban
control, and visual impact.
Design

Post-War and Mid-20th

Century Urbanism

Postmodern and
Contemporary Urban
Design

Reference
PREPARED BY:
AR. KIM LEMUEL DELOS
SANTOS, UAP
 The Palace of Versailles
and its gardens
Prehistoric and Ancient
Urbanism

Classical Urbanism
• exemplify Baroque
Medieval Urbanism urbanism through their
Renaissance Urbanism grand axial vistas,
Baroque Urbanism monumental scale, and
Industrial Revolution theatrical layout. With
and 19th Century
Urbanism sweeping avenues,
Early 20th Century expansive courtyards,
Modernist Urban
Design
and precisely aligned
Post-War and Mid-20th
features, Versailles was
Century Urbanism designed to project
Postmodern and power, control, and
grandeur, making it a
Contemporary Urban
Design

Reference defining example of

PREPARED BY:
AR. KIM LEMUEL DELOS
Baroque urban design.
SANTOS, UAP
Prehistoric and Ancient
Urbanism

Classical Urbanism

Medieval Urbanism

Renaissance Urbanism

Baroque Urbanism

Industrial Revolution
and 19th Century
Urbanism

Early 20th Century

Modernist Urban
Design

Post-War and Mid-20th

Century Urbanism

Postmodern and
Contemporary Urban
Design

Reference
PREPARED BY:
AR. KIM LEMUEL DELOS
SANTOS, UAP
 Industrial Revolution and 19th Century Urbanism
Prehistoric and Ancient
Urbanism

Classical Urbanism
• The Industrial Revolution and 19th-century urbanism refer to
Medieval Urbanism a transformative period in history characterized by rapid
Renaissance Urbanism industrialization and significant changes in urban
Baroque Urbanism development. The Industrial Revolution, beginning in the
Industrial Revolution late 18th century and continuing into the 19th century, was a
period marked by technological innovations, mechanization,
and 19th Century
Urbanism

Early 20th Century

Modernist Urban
and the shift from agrarian economies to industrial
Design economies. This shift led to massive urban growth as people
Post-War and Mid-20th
Century Urbanism
migrated en masse to cities in search of work, resulting in
Postmodern and
rapid and often unplanned urban expansion.
Contemporary Urban
Design

Reference
PREPARED BY:
AR. KIM LEMUEL DELOS
SANTOS, UAP
 Industrial Revolution and 19th Century Urbanism
Prehistoric and Ancient
Urbanism

Classical Urbanism
• 19th-century urbanism is the approach to designing and
Medieval Urbanism organizing these expanding cities. It involved addressing the
Renaissance Urbanism challenges of overcrowding, poor sanitation, pollution, and
Baroque Urbanism inadequate infrastructure that accompanied rapid urban
Industrial Revolution growth. This era saw the rise of new urban planning
principles aimed at improving living conditions, such as the
and 19th Century
Urbanism

Early 20th Century

Modernist Urban
development of sewer systems, public parks, and organized
Design street layouts. The period also witnessed the emergence of
Post-War and Mid-20th
Century Urbanism
modern planning practices influenced by technological
Postmodern and
progress and social reform movements, setting the
Contemporary Urban
Design
foundation for contemporary urban design and planning.
Reference
PREPARED BY:
AR. KIM LEMUEL DELOS
SANTOS, UAP
 19th Century London, England
Prehistoric and Ancient
Urbanism
• During the 19th century, London experienced rapid
Classical Urbanism
population growth due to industrialization, leading to densely
Medieval Urbanism populated and often unsanitary neighborhoods. In response,
Renaissance Urbanism significant urban reforms were implemented, including the
Baroque Urbanism development of extensive sewer systems like those
Industrial Revolution designed by Joseph Bazalgette, improved sanitation, and
and 19th Century
Urbanism the creation of public parks such as Hyde Park and Regent's
Early 20th Century Park to provide relief from crowded and polluted city
Modernist Urban
Design
conditions.
Post-War and Mid-20th • Furthermore, London's urban landscape was transformed
Century Urbanism
through organized street planning and infrastructure
Postmodern and
Contemporary Urban development to accommodate industrial activities and
Design
increasing population. These efforts exemplify the principles
Reference
of 19th-century urbanism aimed at addressing the social
and environmental challenges caused by industrialization.
PREPARED BY:
AR. KIM LEMUEL DELOS
SANTOS, UAP
 19th Century London,
England
Prehistoric and Ancient
Urbanism

• Population Growth &

Classical Urbanism

Medieval Urbanism
Industrial Expansion
Renaissance Urbanism

Baroque Urbanism
• Overcrowding & Unsanitary
Industrial Revolution
Conditions
and 19th Century
Urbanism • The Great Stink & Launch
Early 20th Century of Sanitary Reform
Modernist Urban
Design
• Bazalgette’s Sewer System
Post-War and Mid-20th
Century Urbanism • Legal & Administrative
Postmodern and
Contemporary Urban
Reforms
• Creation of Public Parks &
Design

Reference
PREPARED BY:
"Green Lungs"
AR. KIM LEMUEL DELOS
SANTOS, UAP
 19th Century London,
England
Prehistoric and Ancient
Urbanism
• Population Growth &
Classical Urbanism Industrial Expansion
Medieval Urbanism

Renaissance Urbanism • In 1801, London’s

Baroque Urbanism population stood at
just over 1 million. By
1891 it had surged to
Industrial Revolution
and 19th Century
Urbanism
approximately
Early 20th Century 5.57 million, with
Modernist Urban
"Greater London"
reaching over
Design

Post-War and Mid-20th

Century Urbanism
6.29 million by 1897.
• This growth made
Postmodern and
Contemporary Urban London the world’s
Design largest city through
Reference much of the century,
PREPARED BY: dwarfing rivals such as
AR. KIM LEMUEL DELOS
SANTOS, UAP Paris and New York .
 Overcrowding &
Unsanitary Conditions
Prehistoric and Ancient
Urbanism
• Rapid urbanization
Classical Urbanism outpaced infrastructure:
Medieval Urbanism homes often drained into
cesspits and raw sewage
Renaissance Urbanism
flowed uncontained into
Baroque Urbanism streets and the Thames,
Industrial Revolution contributing to cholera
and 19th Century outbreaks in 1832, 1849,
and 1854, which killed
Urbanism

Early 20th Century

Modernist Urban
tens of thousands.
Design
• The Thames had become
Post-War and Mid-20th a noxious open sewer,
Century Urbanism
which, coupled with
Postmodern and prevailing miasma theory,
Contemporary Urban
Design spurred public outcry
though the actual cause
Reference
PREPARED BY:
was contaminated water
AR. KIM LEMUEL DELOS
SANTOS, UAP
 The Great Stink & Launch
of Sanitary Reform
Prehistoric and Ancient
Urbanism

Classical Urbanism • In summer 1858, extreme

Medieval Urbanism
heat lowered Thames
Renaissance Urbanism
water levels and intensified
the stench, forcing
Baroque Urbanism
parliament to adjourn —
Industrial Revolution
and 19th Century
the infamous “Great Stink.”
Urbanism This triggered decisive
Early 20th Century action.
Modernist Urban
Design • Joseph Bazalgette, as
Post-War and Mid-20th Chief Engineer of the
Century Urbanism
Metropolitan Board of
Postmodern and
Contemporary Urban Works, was commissioned
Design to design a modern sewer
Reference network beginning around
PREPARED BY:
AR. KIM LEMUEL DELOS
1859.
SANTOS, UAP
 Bazalgette’s Sewer
System
Prehistoric and Ancient
Urbanism
• Construction (1859–
Classical Urbanism 1865) comprised six
Medieval Urbanism interceptor sewers
totalling nearly 100 mi,
Renaissance Urbanism
fed by 450 mi of main
Baroque Urbanism sewers and some
Industrial Revolution 1,300 mi of local street
and 19th Century
Urbanism
sewers.
Early 20th Century • Engineered with
Modernist Urban foresight—Bazalgette
Design
sized tunnels to handle
Post-War and Mid-20th markedly higher future
Century Urbanism
volumes—a visionary
Postmodern and move paying off over
Contemporary Urban
Design decades as London’s
population doubled again
Reference
PREPARED BY:
after completion.
AR. KIM LEMUEL DELOS
SANTOS, UAP
 Legal & Administrative
Reforms
Prehistoric and Ancient
Urbanism
• Edwin Chadwick’s 1842
Classical Urbanism sanitary report sparked
Medieval Urbanism the 1848 Public Health
Act, which allowed—but
Renaissance Urbanism
did not mandate—local
Baroque Urbanism authorities to act on
Industrial Revolution sanitation issues.
and 19th Century
Urbanism • The strengthened 1875
Early 20th Century Public Health Act made
Modernist Urban provisions compulsory:
Design
authorities were required
Post-War and Mid-20th to provide sewers, water
Century Urbanism
supply, street lighting,
Postmodern and clean housing, and
Contemporary Urban
Design appoint medical officers of
Reference
health
PREPARED BY:
AR. KIM LEMUEL DELOS
SANTOS, UAP
 Creation of Public Parks & "Green
Prehistoric and Ancient
Lungs“
Urbanism

Classical Urbanism

Medieval Urbanism • Victorians championed public parks

Renaissance Urbanism as essential “breathing spaces” for
Baroque Urbanism overcrowded neighborhoods.
Industrial Revolution Working-class areas benefited from
parks like Victoria Park (opened
and 19th Century
Urbanism

Early 20th Century

Modernist Urban
1845), Battersea (1858), Southwark
Design (1869), and Brockwell (1891).
• Hyde Park and Regent’s Park—
Post-War and Mid-20th
Century Urbanism

Postmodern and
Contemporary Urban
already royal parks—saw increasing
Design public access, attenuating pollution
Reference impacts and offering recreation amid
industrial density.
PREPARED BY:
AR. KIM LEMUEL DELOS
SANTOS, UAP
Prehistoric and Ancient
Urbanism

Classical Urbanism

Medieval Urbanism

Renaissance Urbanism

Baroque Urbanism

Industrial Revolution
and 19th Century
Urbanism

Early 20th Century

Modernist Urban
Design

Post-War and Mid-20th

Century Urbanism

Postmodern and
Contemporary Urban
Design

Reference
PREPARED BY:
AR. KIM LEMUEL DELOS
SANTOS, UAP
 Early 20th-century modernist urban design
Prehistoric and Ancient
Urbanism

Classical Urbanism
• marked a deliberate shift toward rational, efficient city
Medieval Urbanism planning—rejecting ornamentation in favor of grid layouts,
Renaissance Urbanism zoning, street hierarchies, and open green spaces. Driven
Baroque Urbanism by modernist architectural ideals, it emphasized hygienic,
Industrial Revolution organized environments supported by robust transport
infrastructure. Visionaries like Le Corbusier embodied these
and 19th Century
Urbanism

Early 20th Century

Modernist Urban
principles through his “Radiant City” (Ville Radieuse), which
Design featured high-rise housing in park-like settings, strict
Post-War and Mid-20th
Century Urbanism
functional segregation, standardized buildings, and efficient
Postmodern and
transit systems—an idealized model of the city as a
Contemporary Urban
Design
well-ordered machine.
Reference
PREPARED BY:
AR. KIM LEMUEL DELOS
SANTOS, UAP
 Chandigarh, India

Prehistoric and Ancient

• Designed by the
Urbanism renowned architect Le
Classical Urbanism Corbusier in the 1950s,
Chandigarh exemplifies
Medieval Urbanism
the principles of modernist
Renaissance Urbanism urban planning with its
Baroque Urbanism emphasis on grid layouts,
open spaces, functional
Industrial Revolution
and 19th Century zoning, and integration of
Urbanism infrastructure and
Early 20th Century architecture to create an
Modernist Urban organized and efficient
Design
urban environment. The
Post-War and Mid-20th city's design reflects the
Century Urbanism
modernist ideals of
Postmodern and rational planning, clarity,
Contemporary Urban
Design and the use of new
technology to serve
Reference
PREPARED BY:
societal needs.
AR. KIM LEMUEL DELOS
SANTOS, UAP
Prehistoric and Ancient
Urbanism

Classical Urbanism

Medieval Urbanism

Renaissance Urbanism

Baroque Urbanism

Industrial Revolution
and 19th Century
Urbanism

Early 20th Century

Modernist Urban
Design

Post-War and Mid-20th

Century Urbanism

Postmodern and
Contemporary Urban
Design

Reference
PREPARED BY:
AR. KIM LEMUEL DELOS
SANTOS, UAP
 Post-War and Mid-20th Century Urbanism

Prehistoric and Ancient • refers to the period following World War II, roughly from the late
Urbanism
1940s through the 1960s, characterized by significant changes
Classical Urbanism and developments in urban planning and design. During this era,
Medieval Urbanism there was a focus on reconstruction, modernization, and
addressing the challenges posed by rapid urbanization and
Renaissance Urbanism
suburban growth. Planners and designers aimed to create
Baroque Urbanism functional, efficient, and often new cities or urban extensions that
Industrial Revolution accommodated increasing populations and automobile mobility.
and 19th Century
Urbanism • This period saw the rise of modernist principles in urban design,
Early 20th Century emphasizing zoning, separation of land uses, and the
Modernist Urban development of large-scale housing projects. It also involved the
Design
expansion of infrastructure networks, such as roads and public
Post-War and Mid-20th transit, and often reflected an optimistic belief in technological
Century Urbanism
progress and social engineering to improve urban life, which
Postmodern and discusses the evolution of urban design through different
Contemporary Urban
Design historical periods and highlights the influence of modernist
Reference
movements during this time.
PREPARED BY:
AR. KIM LEMUEL DELOS
SANTOS, UAP
 City of Brasília, Brazil

Prehistoric and Ancient

Urbanism • Built in the late 1950s and
Classical Urbanism officially inaugurated in
Medieval Urbanism
1960, Brasília was a
Renaissance Urbanism
federally planned city
designed by the architect
Baroque Urbanism
Oscar Niemeyer and the
Industrial Revolution
and 19th Century
urban planner Lúcio Costa.
Urbanism It exemplifies the modernist
Early 20th Century principles of this era,
Modernist Urban
Design featuring a planned layout,
Post-War and Mid-20th
separation of land uses,
Century Urbanism emphasis on infrastructure,
Postmodern and and monumental
Contemporary Urban
Design architecture aimed at
Reference
symbolizing progress and
PREPARED BY: modernity
AR. KIM LEMUEL DELOS
SANTOS, UAP
 City of Brasília, Brazil
Prehistoric and Ancient
Urbanism

Classical Urbanism

Medieval Urbanism

Renaissance Urbanism

Baroque Urbanism

Industrial Revolution
and 19th Century
Urbanism

Early 20th Century

Modernist Urban
Design

Post-War and Mid-20th

Century Urbanism

Postmodern and
Contemporary Urban
Design

Reference
PREPARED BY:
AR. KIM LEMUEL DELOS
SANTOS, UAP
Prehistoric and Ancient
Urbanism

Classical Urbanism

Medieval Urbanism

Renaissance Urbanism

Baroque Urbanism

Industrial Revolution
and 19th Century
Urbanism

Early 20th Century

Modernist Urban
Design

Post-War and Mid-20th

Century Urbanism

Postmodern and
Contemporary Urban
Design

Reference
PREPARED BY:
AR. KIM LEMUEL DELOS
SANTOS, UAP
 Postmodern and Contemporary Urban Design
Prehistoric and Ancient
Urbanism

Classical Urbanism
• Postmodern and Contemporary Urban Design represent the
Medieval Urbanism evolving paradigms in urban planning and design, moving
Renaissance Urbanism away from the strict modernist principles towards more
Baroque Urbanism diverse, context-sensitive, and multidimensional
Industrial Revolution approaches.
and 19th Century
Urbanism

Early 20th Century

Modernist Urban
Design

Post-War and Mid-20th

Century Urbanism

Postmodern and
Contemporary Urban
Design

Reference
PREPARED BY:
AR. KIM LEMUEL DELOS
SANTOS, UAP
 Postmodern Urban Design
Prehistoric and Ancient
Urbanism

Classical Urbanism
• emerged in the late 20th century as a reaction against the
Medieval Urbanism rigid, functionalist modernist ideals. It emphasizes diversity,
Renaissance Urbanism complexity, historical reference, and human scale, often
Baroque Urbanism incorporating playful, eclectic, and symbolic elements to
Industrial Revolution create more lively and meaningful urban environments.
and 19th Century
Urbanism
• Postmodernism challenges the straightforward, uniform
Early 20th Century
Modernist Urban urban forms of modernism, favoring instead a mixture of
Design
styles, narratives, and a greater focus on local context,
culture, and identity.
Post-War and Mid-20th
Century Urbanism

Postmodern and
Contemporary Urban • Piazza d'Italia
Design

Reference
PREPARED BY:
AR. KIM LEMUEL DELOS
SANTOS, UAP
 Piazza d'Italia in New
Orleans, Louisiana
Prehistoric and Ancient
Urbanism
• designed by Charles
Classical Urbanism Moore. This urban
Medieval Urbanism space exemplifies
postmodern principles
Renaissance Urbanism
through its eclectic
Baroque Urbanism architectural elements,
Industrial Revolution vibrant colors, playful
and 19th Century aesthetics, and
symbolic references to
Urbanism

Early 20th Century

Italian culture. The
design emphasizes
Modernist Urban
Design
human scale, visual
interest, and a sense of
Post-War and Mid-20th
Century Urbanism
place, moving away
from modernist
Postmodern and
Contemporary Urban
Design
monotony towards a
Reference more engaging and
PREPARED BY: culturally expressive
AR. KIM LEMUEL DELOS
SANTOS, UAP environment.
 Contemporary Urban Design
Prehistoric and Ancient
Urbanism

Classical Urbanism
• reflects current trends that are characterized by
Medieval Urbanism sustainability, resilience, digital integration, and participatory
Renaissance Urbanism planning. It emphasizes eco-friendly practices, social
Baroque Urbanism inclusiveness, adaptive reuse, and the integration of new
Industrial Revolution technologies such as smart city systems. Contemporary
design aims to address complex urban challenges like
and 19th Century
Urbanism

Early 20th Century

Modernist Urban
climate change, social equity, and urban transformation,
Design often employing flexible, interconnected, and networked
Post-War and Mid-20th
Century Urbanism
solutions to create livable, resilient, and sustainable urban
Postmodern and
spaces.
Contemporary Urban
Design • Hafen City
• King’s Cross Redevelopment
Reference
PREPARED BY:
AR. KIM LEMUEL DELOS
SANTOS, UAP
 Hafen City

Prehistoric and Ancient • development in Hamburg,

Urbanism
Germany. This project
Classical Urbanism exemplifies modern
Medieval Urbanism principles through
sustainable planning,
Renaissance Urbanism
mixed-use development,
Baroque Urbanism and innovative
Industrial Revolution architectural integration. It
and 19th Century emphasizes walkability,
public spaces,
Urbanism

Early 20th Century

environmental
responsiveness, and
Modernist Urban
Design
social inclusivity,
reflecting current trends in
Post-War and Mid-20th
Century Urbanism
urban design that
prioritize ecological
Postmodern and
Contemporary Urban
Design
sustainability and vibrant
Reference community life
PREPARED BY:
AR. KIM LEMUEL DELOS
SANTOS, UAP
 Hafen City
Prehistoric and Ancient
Urbanism

Classical Urbanism

Medieval Urbanism

Renaissance Urbanism

Baroque Urbanism

Industrial Revolution
and 19th Century
Urbanism

Early 20th Century

Modernist Urban
Design

Post-War and Mid-20th

Century Urbanism

Postmodern and
Contemporary Urban
Design

Reference
PREPARED BY:
AR. KIM LEMUEL DELOS
SANTOS, UAP
 King’s Cross
Prehistoric and Ancient
Redevelopment
Urbanism

Classical Urbanism

Medieval Urbanism • King's Cross

Renaissance Urbanism Redevelopment in
Baroque Urbanism London, which
Industrial Revolution integrates historic
preservation with new
and 19th Century
Urbanism

Early 20th Century

Modernist Urban
urban interventions,
Design emphasizing flexible,
Post-War and Mid-20th
Century Urbanism
human-scale public
Postmodern and
spaces, mobility, and
Contemporary Urban
Design
environmental
Reference considerations.
PREPARED BY:
AR. KIM LEMUEL DELOS
SANTOS, UAP
 References:
• Ghosh, M. (2019). Urban design: introduction, history, characteristics, parameters. In Encyclopedia of
Design (pp. 364–369). Bloomsbury. [Link]
Prehistoric and Ancient • Ching, F. D. K., Jarzombek, M. M., & Prakash, V. (2017). A global history of architecture (3rd ed.). Wiley.
Urbanism
• Unknown author. (n.d.). The nineteenth-century. In Almanac: History & Mathematics. Social Studies.
Classical Urbanism Retrieved August 5, 2025, from [Link]
Medieval Urbanism • Ocran, N. (2015). London’s Parks and Gardens (3rd rev. ed.) [Guidebook]. Metro Publications.
Renaissance Urbanism • Prakāsh, V. (2015, March 28). Chandigarh under siege: Le Corbusier’s Capitol Complex threatened by
housing development. ArchDaily. Retrieved [insert retrieval date], from
Baroque Urbanism
[Link]
Industrial Revolution housing-development/551583cae58eced778000145-the-master-plan-conc
and 19th Century
Urbanism

Early 20th Century

Modernist Urban
Design

Post-War and Mid-20th

Century Urbanism

Postmodern and
Contemporary Urban
Design

Reference
PREPARED BY:
AR. KIM LEMUEL DELOS
SANTOS, UAP