Linear Equations in Two Variables fprSaa- Py © persi2-2(i) Peas [persis am) Pg2B lpcs2.1-2(i) Pg 6 |Prs2.2-2(ii) Pgta |Prs1.3-siv) Pg30 locs3.1-210) Pg 7 |prsi.2-2(v) Pgs |Prs1.3-3(v) Pg30 lpcs2.1-2(i) Pg 7 |prsi.2-2(v) Peas |Prs1.3-aivi) Pe30 Jprsi.1-2{iv) Pg 7 |Prsi.2-2(v) Pgi7 |Prsi4-u() 533, Jpcs3.1-2(v) Pe 7 |pcsi3-1 Pg27 |Prsa.4-sKi) Pg36 lpcs2.1-2(vi) Pg 8 |Pcs13-2() Pg27 |Prs1.4-u(ii) PE35, lors1.1-2(vil Pe 8 |Prs13-2(i) Pg27 |Prsi.4-1(w) Pe37 lecsa.1-2(vilPe 9 |pcsi3-2(i) Pe27 |Pcsas-1 Fg39 locs2.2-1 gaz |pcs13-3() Pg27 |Prs1s-2 Pga2 lpcs1.2-2() Pe12 |pcs13-3(i)_pg28 |Prsis-3_Pe42 Prsis-@ pgs [Psi afi) pa27 Jpst ow) Pass Prst5-5 pgat |PS1 alii) Pg 27 |psa -7() Pea] Prs1s-6 Pgaa [pst -5{i) Pg29 Jpsa 7) Peai| pst -a—paaafpsa sli) Pe29 [psa -7 i) Ped Psa 2. pgiz |psa -slii) Pg3a fps -7(v) Peas! Ps -31i) Pai Pst -S{iv) Pg29 |psa -7(v) Pean| Psi -3{i) pg19 JP51 -5{v) gaz |psa -7(v) Pea Psi -3{ii) P20 Jest -6{i) Pe 3a ps1 -aliv) pg2i |Psa oli) Pe36 ps1 -3{y) pg22 |Psa alii) Pe 34 Psi -4li)_pe27 [Psi _-eliv) Peas, ‘7 Points to Remember: Linear Equations in two variables: ‘An equation which contains two variables the degree of each term containing variable is one is called a linear equation in two variables. ‘An equation of the from ax + by += 0 where a # Oand b # is called the standard form of linear equation in two variables x and y where abe ER Here ¢ may or may not be zero For example, The standard form of linear equation Br 4y—12is 3x—4ys12-0 Activity : Complete the following table: (Textbook Page No. 1) Ts the equation a in- Se ; uation _| earequation in two Nol Ma vanables or not @ [am an= 12 Yes ' @ [3-79-13 No ' | Bx-s5y=16 ie : @ | ox+6y-3=0 No ‘ © [oar + 0y—3 No o No 4 Bae ey o No ¢ Simultaneous linear Equations: (1) When we consider two linear equations in two variables at the same time and we get unique common solution, then such set of equations is, known as simultaneous equations. (2) In the previous standard we have studied two | methods of solving simultaneous equations | | @) Elimination by equating the coefficients | {| (&) Elimination by substitution. t le Solve the following simultaneous equations: + 1) Sy=3y=8; 3x¢y=2. ? | Solution: ' 1" Method 1'— Elimination by equating the ! | coefficients * ra o} | arty=2 ti) | | Multiplying both sides of equation (i) by3, 1 9x43 ‘ 5 Adding (and (iy : t 5x - 3y = 8 ' : + 9+ By 6 : ' Ta = 1 substituting x ‘ ' Buty=2 ‘ : 3xity F ' Sty=2 H : yr2-3 :@ ‘Master Key Mathematis I Algebra (Std. X) y= (1, ~D is the solution of the given simultaneous equations. G,W= (5 ,| 7 |) is the solution of the given equations, Bx ty=2 Writing yin terms of x from (ii) yr2-3x Substituting the value of yin (i) Sr -3y=8 5x-3Q-31)-8 wii) To solve the equations ill inthe boxes below. Multiplying (fi) by 2 sex [2] -yx[2 10-29 =[36] Adding (i) nd Gi) ety lox) - 2y|) = =18x[2 (ii) » 36 Es - x-[5) Substituting x= in () ar 2y=29 » 3x[5]+2y=29 5 +2y=29 . 2y=29-(i5 2y= [ra] MASTER KEY QUESTION SET -1 Practice Set - 1-1 (Textbook Page No. 4) a Complete the following activity to solve the simultaneous equations. Sx#3y=9; 2r-3y = 12 (2 marks) Solution: Sr#3y = 9 “ 2x—3y = 12 lil) Adding (and (ji) By + by = 9 +2 - by = 2 21 Solution is (x, y)=(3 , By (2) Solve the following simultaneous equations. () 3a+8b=26; a5 = 22 (2 marks) Solution: 3a+8D=26 (0) a+5b=2 Gi) Subtracting (i) from (i) we get, 30+ 5b = 26 a+ 5-2 Oo 2a 4 w4 7 “2Linear Equations in Two Variables 7 Substitating «=2 in Gi, we get Substituting x ~ 6 in (i), 2+ 56 22 y= 13-28 sh= 22-2 y-B-2x6 5h =20 y-13-12 ff y as” (, #)=(, Dis the solut io given simultaneous equations. (a, b)=(2, 4) is the solution of the given. . sinless eq ualions: (iv) 5m—3n=19; m~ 6n 2 marks) Solution: (i) xe ryet0; ae=2y = (2 marks) os wy aaa m=6a=-7 w ea #1 Multiplying () by 2, Sen dy 7 i) 10m ~ 6n = 38 (can be written as Subtracting (iii) from (ii) x=10-7y 4) eo Substituting the value of xin (i, CSc i 250-21 8 =23y=7-30 -9m m= =9 mas Substituting m = 5 () Substituting y= Lin (i, » 5()=3in= 19 0-79 25-31=19 x =10-7x1 ~3n= 19-25 (x, y) = G, 1) is the solution of the given simultaneous equations. (m,n) = (5, 2) is the solution of the (ii) 2x-ay=9; 2+y = 13 (2 marks) aver a erneoes SRLS, Solution: os a () Srety=-3; x+5y=4 2 marks) ae a Sotution: (i) cam be writen as Srt2y=-3 yo13—2r x5y =4 i) Substituting (i) in (), Multiplying Gp by 5 2x-3(13-25)=9 Se + 25y=20 it oe aslteny Subtracting (i from () s+ my = 3 x + 2y = 20 o ~2ay = 23e 8 Master Key Mathematics I Algebra (Std. X) Substituting y= 1 in Gi, [7 bet ae ee av RaMple ay +5 (od | Example Solve: ‘ xed-5 ' Sr dy =35; 10+ 5y=40 : xed Solution: : (9) =(1, 1is the solution of the 1 Sx +10y=35 : given simultaneous equations. 1 1Or+ 8y=40 : Adding @) and (i ‘ GH toy? yp avedy et Gant || | se + Wy = 8S : . ' 10r Sy = 40 ‘ sees ' ie + 1y 7 ‘ freye (given) : a 5 © 8 ' xty=5 ii) | Multiplying both sides by 3 | Subtracting (i form (i) : x+3y=10 A) ' Wor + Sy = 40 : u a» (given) H Sx + ly = 35 : 4 : oO ‘ Muttiplying both sides by 4 ' By Sy 5 i ea «) Dividing both sides by 5 : Multiplying (i) by 3, ' xoyrl ow) | 2dr + 3y =33 iii) | Adding (iii) and (iv) 1 Subtracting (i) from (i) | xty=5 x+ 3y=10 } pe Fang fel dy + 3y = 33 ' 2x = 6 : x=3 =2x= 23 | Substituting x=3 in (i, -2 ' Pa 1 vel : Tain ne ' x83, y=2is the solution of the : given simultaneous equations. 3y~ 10-1 ' — — ay=9 992 + 101y= 499; 01x +99y=501 (3 marks) wyn8 Solution: 99% + 101y = 499 ti) "8 Oly +99y = 501 (i) (, y)= (1,3) is the solution of the Adding () and (i) given simultaneous equations. 9% + ly = 499 aaa lx + 99y = 501 : 200 + 200y = 1000 Kip maiguaetmRR Dividing both sides by 200, Let us now understand how to solve equations of typeax+by=c, and bx tay =<, We shall follow the three steps. i) )_ Ada (ji) Subtract ) Add Subtracting (i) from (i)Linear Equations in Two Variables e or + 10lx + ly ~ Say = oye Adding (ii) and (iv) tiv) ys xy x3 Substituting 3+ in (iid, y=2 (e, y) = G,2)is the solution of the given simultaneous equations. (viii) 49x ~57y = 172; 57x ~49y = 252 Solution: 49x —S7y = 172 57x —49y = 252 Adding (i) and (ii) 49x — B7x - 16x — (3 marks) 172 252 Ra Sty = 49y = Tey = Dividing both sides by 106, 24 *o¥ 106 Ai Subtracting (i) form (i) Wx - 57y = 12 Six = ay = 252 a « 8x - 8y ~ -80 Dividing both sides by -8. xey- 8 xeyet0 ‘Adding (ii) and (iv) rey co) ° q = z xe? Substituting x=7 in Gv), 7+y=10 0-7 ys3 (x, ) =(7, 3) is the solution of the given simultaneous equations. Points to Remember: © Graph of a linear equation in two variables: In previous standard we have studied that a Linear equation in two variables represents a line. ‘The ordered pair which will satisfy the given ‘equations the solution of that equation and also it s one of the points which lies on that graph of the given equation, ' = ¥ Not ca argue en asa (ee stsasy oe tice ott iapenitl overs Sry epeaton cho | (constants) is written as x + oy=2 and its | gaphiapaninlo ose The raphia method of lvngsimuteeous cqustions involves th lloning sp Step 1: To draw the graphs of the two given ! riations,fscidnd thee eslalooasotaechi spetionayeatonaloe Settler sud esata. Step 2: Now plot the pointson same graph paper | and join them to get the graph of each equation. Step 3: The lines of the two given simultaneous ! ‘equations will intersect each other ata point. The | co-ordinates of the point of intersection of the two | Iines is the solution of the given simultaneous | equations. : Note : Avoid two digit coordinates and using ! decimal coordinates while finding ordered pairs | so that plotting points becomes easy. ‘ Solution of simultaneous equations by Graphical method: Ex.:Solve the following simultaneous equations bby using Graphical method. xey=4j2x—y=2 Sol. x +y=4ic.10 Master Key Mathematics I Algebra (Std. X) ‘ x] o Tit 2 x [0 a ' Cytets to Pe t xv] @.4 [a.3)] @2) «&y{@,-2 | @.0 | @2) when x0 | whenx=1 | whenx=2 whenx=0 |whenx=1 | whenx=2 ee y4-@) | cyedaa | so yea-2 y=2(0)-2 | 2 y=20)-2| * y=2@)-2 aysd fe ys3 syn? y0-2 ye2-2 | 2 yad-2 De-y=2 ie, y=2x-2 syen? yeo syed ‘The lines of the two given simultaneous equations intersect each other at (2,2) ‘The solution of the given simultaneous equations is (2, 2)ie.x =2, y=2 Activity (I): Solve the following simultaneous equations by graphical method. + Complete the following tables to get ordered pairs. (Textbook Page No. 8) x-y=1 Sx-3y=1 »]o [mys » [2 |B = y oO I 3 y 8 Eq @ p10, [a,916,2[C2-3) eo les [68 [al e-% + _ Plot the above ordered pair on the same co-ordinate plane. eLinear Equations in Two Variables (4-7) ‘The lines intersect each other at (-1 , -2) "The solution of the given simultaneous equations is (-1, -2) ie. x =—1, y=-2 Activity (I): Solve the above equations by with the solution obtained by graphical method. (Textbook Page No. 8) (i) fii) Multiplying (i) by 3 we get, 3r-3y=3 iii) Subtracting (ili) from (il) we get, Sr - ay =1 “3x = 3y = 3 o Substituting x=~1 in () we get, -l-y=1 ye-t-1 ys} X=H1, y==2is the solution. ‘The solution is same as obtained by graphical method.12 ‘Master Key Mathematies I Algebra (Std. X) __ Practice Set - 1.2 (Textbook Page No. 8) ~6y=13 (1) Complete the following table to draw graph of 3 the equations. (mark) ¥ 5 xoye4 Cl-]° 7) vy [ofc 4 $ ay] @-) ay) @ 5.0 2" ) wullaneous equations (4 marks) ( [@O]|[EL =| 4) when y=0 when x= + x-0=4 wy=4e1 axed syes5 Problem Set - 1 (Textbook Page No. 27) xeyedie yex-d (2) Complete the following table to draw the graph z7[o][i1]2 of 2x 6y=3 (2 marks) y [4] 3 [2 le Tel & 910-9] 4-3) 1@-2) a when x=0 y=0-4 C4 syed whenx=1 When : 2x - by = 2x - 6(0)=3 whoa? - sy e2= m3 é 3 nye aeLinear Equations in Two Variables 13 ‘The lines of the two given simultaneous equations intersect each other at (5, 1) .. [The solution of given the simultaneous equations GDiew =5,ye1 (i) veyed; x-y 3 (4 marks) Solution: xey=5 be y=5-x »fo[if2 yfs[4f3 @vlo5! a4 | 2,3) xry=3ie y=x-3 z]ol[7 =a 2 (2-1)u ‘Master Key Mathematies I Algebra (Std. X) ‘The lines of the two given simultaneous equations intersect each other at (4,1) [The solution of the given simultaneous equations is 4,1) ie. =4, y=1 (il) x+y=0; 2v-y= 9 (4 marks) 2e-y=9 be, y=2x—-9 Solution: xty-0 ie y=-x zx] o]il2 y [ola lo z yp [O.-9) =2 when x=0 @.-2) y=20)-9 yo whenx= 1 = y= 2y-9 . ya2-9 yet when x= ~ y=2(Q)-9 y=4-9 oe ya8Linear Equations in Two Variables 15 (0,-9 ye ‘The lines of the two given simultaneous equations intersect each other at (3-3) [The solution of given simultaneous equations is @,-3) Le. = yes Seale ‘Jem=1 Unit on both axes (iv) Bx-y Solution: jdv-y=3 Br-y=2 ie y=3r-2 (4 marks) 2e-y=3 ie. y=2e-3 x]o fd16 ‘Master Key Mathematies I Algebra (Std. X) et *: i ¢ Y ‘The lines of the two given simultaneous equations intersect each other at (1 ,-5) + [The solution of given simultaneous equations is 1, -8) ie. ] W) bxn4y=-7; Se-2y =0 (4 marks) sienna Solution: jeer oye DHT Bx-4y=-7 ies y= + a. 3 ee y= T1547 4 [2 e 6H [52 see when x=-1 when x=3 _3en47 3@)47 ae : = 7 aed yfol[s | 3 10] @5) [(2-5) 4 16 # a a when g-0 | when 3-2 5 e 3 y “gad sya 3x0 ye 3x2 | ny 302) Lyd wye5 [ayesLinear Equations in Two Variables y ‘The lines of the two given simultaneous equations intersect each other at (1, 2.5) 7 - [The solution of given simultaneous equations is (1, 2.5) ie. x =1,y=2.5 Wi) 2-3y=4; Sy-x = 4 (4 marks) when y= 2 Solution: 443 aay payee ake a43y 2 2 nt zp? 2 wo mel (uy) lO) By-x=4 ie, x=3y-4 wheny=0 z]+4 [41 ]2 pe 430) a $3) re 2 2 x, y) | (4,0) | 1D) | 2,2) axe 0 nae ts wheny=1 | when y=2 4 a read | 2230) wa z xe6-4 2 8 ret | nxe218 Master Key Mathematics 1 ~ Algebra (Std. X) Seale om = 1 Unit on both axes ‘The lines of the two given simultaneous equations intersect each other at (8, 4) * |The solution of given simultaneous equations is (8,4) ie. v =8,y=4 Problem Set - 1 (Textbook Page No. 27) 3) Solve the following simultaneous equations by using Graphical method. 4 marks) () ae+3y 1 Solution: 2x4 y= 12, 2x=12-3y ox 2; x=. 1-3y 2 x[6[3 ]o v[o|[2[a4 (ow 160 | 62) | @4 When y=0 When y = 2 12-3(0) 12-3(2) When y=4 12-344) 1 | sys0 When. yor sy e2-1 nyelLinear Equations in Two Variables ‘The lines of the two given simultaneous equations intersect each other at (3.2) x =3, y=2is the solution of the given simultaneous equations. 19 (i) x-3y =1 ; Bx-2y+4=0 Solution: x-3y 1; x=1+3y z]i[4]f7 yfolilfe2 @wlao [ay | 72) When y=0 | When y=1 | Wheny=2 me Hee eee xeis3y cx21430)| cae1430) | a x=1+3Q) nest 143 x= +6 axed WP 3x-2y+4=0 ie, 2344+ x[o[i]2 vy [2 |3s[s @& | @2 [0.35] @5) When x=0 Bred 2 O)44 y= XO ‘32)+4 a oa 2 0‘Master Key Mathematies I Algebra (Std. X) ‘The lines of the two given simultaneous equations intersect each other at (-2 1) "x =-2and y =-1is the solution of given simultaneous equations. (i) Sx 6y +30=0; Sx+4y-20=0 Solution: Sx— by + 30 =0 ie. Se=6y—90 zx [6] 0 6 y fo 160) When y=0 = O30 (4 marks) by-30 60-30Linear Equations in Two Variables a (iv) Seay =2=0; x+y (4 marks) Solution: 3x-y -2=0iey =3r-2 »[o][i1]2 fy | 2 av [O.-2 When x=0 y =3x-2 3(0)-2 -2 When x=2 = -2 y=3Q)-2 y=6-2 ye ety = 8 iey=B-2e x[o fd z, yl[s |e 4 sy | 0.8) | 6) | @4) Whenx=0 When x=1 y=8-2r y=8-2e ye8-2(0) yr8-20) yr8-2 y-62 ‘Master Key Mathematies I Algebra (Std. X) Seale em =1 Unit on both axes, oF “ * é ‘The lines of the two given simultaneous equations intersect each other at (2 4) x =2, y=4is the solution of given simultaneous equations. () Brey=0 ;x-y =2 marks) Solution: Sxty =10 ie. y=10-3r x«[i[2]73 Ly [7a [a wy] a7) | @4) | 61) When x=1 2 y=10-3x 0 zyyel0 28) (2,0)Linear Equations in Two Variables 23 When x=1 When x=2 y= x2 yr r-2 cynt-2 y=2-2 Scale Jem =1 Unit on both axes, rf ‘The lines of the two given simultaneous equations intersect each other at (3,1) =3 and y=1is the solution of given simultaneous equations. ¥ Points to Remember: | ()) To solve simultaneous equations x + 2y = 4;3y + 6y = 12 graphically, following are the ordered pairs. Plotting the above ordered pairs, graph is drawn, Observe it and find answers ofthe following questio (iste Papen g) xt 2ye4; ee 4-2y 3x4 6y=12; 6y=12-ax ‘ © nar | a a zetia : vpot1 2 ys [is [0 : (x.y) | (40) | 2,1) | @,2) Gy) | 4.4) | 1,15) | 4,0) :rr ‘Master Key Mathematis I Algebra (Std. X) ()) Are the graphs of both the equations different TOSI WHiat iclauna? ann your den -we BG oreame? equations are given but the graph is only oné Ans: The graphs ofboth the equations are same. Tine? | Gi) What are the solutions of the two equations Ans. The simultaneous equations of above type | y+2y=dand3v+6y=12? How many solutions are consistent and will have infinity. many ! | are possible? solutions. : ‘Ans. Infinite solutions are possible. (iii) What are the relations between coefficients of x, coefficients of y and constant terms in both the equations? ' [Link] equation (i) is multiplied by 3 we get equation (i). (2) Draw graphs of x~2y =4, 2v -4y = 12 on the same co-ordinate plane. Observe it. Think of the solutions of the given equations. (Textbook page no. 10) x-2yed;Linear Equations in Two Variables yi Seale ‘Jem =1 Unit on both axes 6,2) CD COAFE 1) 61748 7Xx ‘The lines represented by given simultaneous equations are parallel. Thus the given simultaneous equations will not have a common solution. Determinant: Ifa, cand d are any four numbers, the value ab cd This type of representation of the numbers is called a5 determinant of order two as it has two rows and two columns. : RSs ‘Toname determinants, generally English capital letters such as A, B, C, D ... are used. Determinant method (Cramer's rule) : Lot the given simultaneous equations be: a,x+b,y~[Link],x+b,y=c,, Where a, 2, b, by ¢, and ¢, are the real numbers such thata, ba, 6,# 0 and xand yare variables. Let us solve these equations by equating the coefficients: axthy= i) art bjyney «iy Multiplying () by 6, and (ii) by}, mbarb hyn eb ad — be is represented as ‘The value of the determinant = ad—be abx+b,by=cb, fv) Subtracting Gv) from (i, abt + bby = by abe + bby = 6b, (@,b,—0,0) x 60,6, cb, 4 ~-@) Similarly we get, yo ahaab i) From (v) and (vi), wecan write the value of rand 1y in determinant form as follows:‘Master Key Mathematies I Algebra (Std. X) Thismethod of btaningslutionofsimullaneous! equations by using determinants is known as Cramer's rule: © Steps for solving simultaneous equations using cramers rule are as follows: Step I: Write the given equations in the form of ! art by=c Step It: Find the value of D, Dx and Dy Step III: Now apply cramer’srule to getthe value of xand y. De Dy x= 5 and y= DY in the blanks to solve! simultaneous equations using Cramer's rule. (0) y+ 2e—19=0 ; 2x—3y+3=0 (Textbook Pe, No. 4) Solution: ‘ By writing the equation in the form of art by=¢ | are y= 19 2x ~ 3y =-3 oO oe [aS = (2)x@-2xM) (E3)x M0) 2)x [9 = &-Bs - Eq By Cramer's rule Ds x = De D of given simultaneous equations. ‘© Activity 2 : Complete the following activity. (Textbook Page No. 15) Solution: Gr=2y=3 ' (5a) 1 * " E8) : x= [6B ' = by 1 8D ‘ Ex) 1 "Es ' EE || @y)=([6.75),[ 55 })isthesolution 2x+y=16) [Value of Determinants P| 3.3 6 2 16 35 -@ | ‘According to Cramer's rule y ) isthe solution. © Let’sthink: (Textbook Page No. 16} (Whats the nature of solution if D = 0? Gi) What can you say about lines if common solution is not possible? [Link] D = 0, then there is no common solution ee possible. oe SB fortnis condition, There are two possibilities. ° © wee he then the given simultaneous ‘equations will have infinitely, many solutions. The lines represented by then are overlapping,Linear Equations in Two Variables e (ii) If, ~ B e, then the given simultaneous equations will have no. solution, The lines {represented by them are parallel. Practice Set - 1.3 (Textbook Page No. 16) a Fill in the blanks with correct number. a 3) axe (1 mark) Soluti @ 0 Find the values of the following determinants, “17 (1 mark), 24 H-7x2) u (1 mark) x0)-(3x-7) (2) Gi (mark) 3 2 a Problem Set- 1 (Textbook Page No. 27) (4) Find the value of the following determinants. w [43 (1 mark) 27 Solution: 43 27 4x7-@x2) 28-6 - (1 mark) Solution: 5-2 “31 = @x1)-[C2%3)] = 5-6 4 -1 % (1 mark) -1 4 = @xH-(x1) 12-C) 1 -B Practice Set - 1.3 (Textbook Page No. 16) (8) Solve the following simultaneous equations using Cramer's rule. () Brady =10;4r+3y=5 (3 marks)28 Master Key Mathematics 1 - Algebra (Std. X) Solution: hd wn oy= [44] ae + By =5 (i) = Gx8)-Ax6) p «|3-4 = 32-28 43 D,=8 = (3x3)-C4x4) 7 = 9-16) By Cramer's rule = 9416 4 se x= qe = F - tan p, = | -4 y= mek ag 53 D 3 = (0x 3)-G4 x5) x= 2and y= 4 is the solution of the = 30-20) given simultaneous equations. = 30+20 xe2ye-1; 2v-3ye12 (3 marks) D,=50 : Solution: “| w+ (i) a 2r-3y= 12 (i) = @x5)-(l0x4) pelt 2 a i) = (1x-3)-@x2) 3-4 = 2and “12 2 es - oles -1is the solution of the given (1 x -3)-(2 x 12) simultaneous equations. ae (i) 4v+3y-4=0; 6x =8-5y (3 marks) D,=-21 Solution: _ ae ay 7 = (1x 12) 1 x 2) enra-ag = (1x 12)-(1 x2) 6x+5y= 8 «i p-|43 = @X5)-G x6) By Cramer's rule = 20-18 -_ p=2 x + 3 and D, = li 3 ML 85 y zt = 4x9)-@ x8) x= [Link] y= —2 is the solution of the given simultaneous equations.Linear Equations in Two Variables Problem Set - 1 (Textbook Page No. 28) (5) Solve the following simultaneous equations using Cramer's method. (4 marks) @ Expressing the given equation ax + 5y ~ 8 = in the form ax + by=c we get, 3r+5i Gi) Dia 5 (6% 5)-(-33) 30-9) = 3049 D=39 10- Pes = (0x5)-(3 x8) = -50-(24) = -50+24 6-10 308 = (6x 8)-C-10x3) = 48-(-30) = 48430 D,=78 By Cramer's rule 2 x= 5 and is the solution of the given simultaneous equations. a 4m 2n=—4; dm + 3n= 16 (4 marks) Solution Mie =a 8 POS 4-2 2 [3 31 are eery 12-(-8) @ = 1248 D=20 Iie I © c4x3)-(200 Son Dae (4x 16)- 4x4) = 64-416) = 64416 D,=80 By Cramer's rule De D D, D m and =1 20 20 80 xt (iy) 7x#3y=15 ; 1y-5x=39 ([Link]) Solution: a +8y =15 -0 Expressing the equation 12y ~ 5x = 39 in the form of ar +by=c, we get =5r+ 12y=39 73 “snl = @x19-x-5) ii) Da a 3 [> ol (15 x 12)-(3 x 39) 15) 539 = (7X 39)-(15 x-5)e ‘Master Key Mathematis I Algebra (Std. X) = 23-(49) = 3475 D,=348 By Cramer's ule D me y= Dy D . 8 7 and * “a 6 oie 9 z 16 x= gz and y= Gy isthe solution of the given simultaneous equations. Practice Set - 1.3 (Textbook Page No. 16) @) Solve the following simultaneous equations using Cramer's rule. iv) 6x=4y =-12; 8-34 Solution: 6r—4y Be-3y (3 marks) ‘) (i) (6x-3)-1C4) x8] = -18-(-32) ~18+32 -12-4 By “|2 “3 (12x -3)- (4x2 36-8 By Cramer's value Ds xaos Gp 02 and ~ Oe = yp nH 6 v= 2and y= 6 is the solution of the given simultaneous equations. (0) A+ 6n= 545 3m 20 = 28, (8 marks) Solution: 4+ 61 = 54 @ Sm +2 =28 fil) p.|t 4 32 = x 2)-(6 x3) - 8-18 D=-10 6 282 (64x 2)~(6 x 28) = 108-168 - 60 454 3.28 = (4 28)=(54 x 3) = 112-162 D,=-50 By Cramer's rule a) m= = p= 6 and Ds 280 "=p > a0 > ‘m= 6and=5is the solution of the given simultaneous equations. vit (i) 2eeay=2; 2-5 25. (3 marks) Solution: Method -1 Det By -2 @ wll)Linear Equations in Two Variables 1 7 5 1 x= gand y=; is the solution of the given simultaneous equations. Method - II 2e+ dy =2 272 Ai) Multiply both the sides of (i) by 2, we get 2 «iy Now consider 2x +3y = 23 De I: =| = @x-1)-@x2) 2-6 D=-8 23 °, [t= = @x-)-@xH tod D,=-5 @ 31 D,= a ail wea -0x2 z 5 and D D D, D is the solution of the given simultaneous equations. Problem Set - 1 (Textbook Page No. 28) (5) Solve the following simultaneous equations using Cramer’ rule. 1 - (i) 3x-2y= 5 5 Gxt By Solution: (3 marks) 3x-2y= - 1 = 6x3)-(-292) 32 Master Key Mathematics 1 - Algebra (Std. X) Be 2x+3y—dy= -28+24 ee © 5 xtay Similanty “74 = 4(+2y-14)=3@x-y) 4x + 8y-56=9r-3y Ax 9x + 8y +3y=56 =5r + ly =56 i) 1-1 -5 11 > Ox i)-[-1x-5)] n-@ D=6 D- and = 4x 1)-¢1% 56) 44-456) = 44456 = D,=12 I! -4 D,= ol 5 5 56 op and y= inthe solution of given simultaneous equations. = x56)-[¢4%-5)] = 56-20 ® fine (4 marks) a Solution: . ‘ ia aty-8 _ wtty—14_ Bey By Cramer’ rule z s 4 = From the above statement we get s42y=14 2 3 3 (et y=B)= 2429-14) © [x= 2 and y = 6is the solution of given sia ay_oawortayos simultaneous equations. ¥ Points to Remember: Equation reducible toa pair of linear equations in two variables: : Consider the simultaneous equations ‘ oy oxy (© # 0,y # 0) which are not linear Such equation can be reduced to pair of linear equations by making suitable substitutionsLinear Equations in Two Variables 33 Activity: To solve given equations fill the boxes below suitably. (Textbook Page No. 19) | salt le a( 2) Smt n=2j 6m -3n New equation on solving Replacing m,n by their or solving Gz, y)= G, 3) is the solution of the given simultaneous equations. Practice Set - 1.4 (Textbook Page No. 19) ge go W) 2m + 150231 wi) (2). Solve the following simultaneous equations. Adding (v) and (vi), we get, @ 4 marks) 10% ~ 15H = 75 24m + 15n= 231 Solution: a z 206 = -() FZ 2 7 m=9 x 1 i ti) Substituting m=9 in (ii) we get Substituting = =m and i, 1 im the above 2x9-3n = 15 x v equations, we get . 18-3n =15 ee i . -3n=15-18 Bim +5 = 77 év) Bane Multiplying (ii) by 5 and (iv) by 3, we get,@ ‘Master Key Mathematis I Algebra (Std. X) 3 mond Resubstituting the value of mr and m we get, 2 i 5 x= g and y=1is the solution of given simultaneous equations, Problem Set - 1 (Textbook Page No. 28) (6) Solve the following simultaneous equations. @ 24221,3,2 (4 marks) xy “ i) 1 Suing man? mine) a equation (ii) we get 21 am+ en = Multiplying both sides by 6 we get, am+4n=1 3m + 2h Multiplying both sides of (iv) by [Link] get, 6m +48 =0 Subtracting (v) from (ii) 12m + 4n=1 6m + 4n=0 ii) Gv) «v) mo m= 6 Subs ing m= = in (i) we get px 1d s4n 6 2e4n=t . dn=1-2 an Resubstituting the values of m and # we get, tekingl. rey 4 xeGandy=-4 6, y=—4 is the solution of the given simultaneous equations. (i) 149 | 231 _ 527 an 148 _ 0 oe Ty ay Foe yO oy (4 marks) Solution: 188, Bl _ wi) ey oy 21148 _ 610 - Sey i) Multiplying both the sides of equation (i) and ‘equation (ji) by xy we get, My +231=527 ile, 231x + 148y =527 23ly + 148v= 610 ie, 148r 4 231y = 610 iv Adding (ii) and 23x + 148y M48x+ 231y = 610 379 +37%y = 1137 Dividing throughout by 379, 137 379 Lorty= oA) Subtracting (iv) from (ii) we get, Bly + May = 527 18x + 231y = 610 Sr - By = - 83 Dividing throughout by 83, wi) Adding (v) and (vi) we get, vty 3 yoyo 2x - 2 al Substituting x =1 in equation (v) we gete Linear Equations in Two Variables 3B “1 1 ; tet ana + yo? ¥ ¥ xeland y=1 {Y= Tand y=2is the solution ofthe given =1and y=1is the solution of the given simultaneous equations. simultaneous equations. Wi) ren-ay 5 Sty (4 marks) ia Practice Set - 1.4 (Texthook Page No. 19) (1) Solve the following simultaneous equations. (given) iy) 27 Sy y2* yas 8) yet yea (4 marks) Solution: 2, 3 2" 43 0) (i) 3 7 a2" y43 4) (Given) 1 a Substituting =—y =m and y43 =" Br eS in @) and Gi) we get, 7 27m + 31n = 85 de i) 3im + 270 = 89 srubaieating Adding Gi) and (iv) we get, weg 27m + 3in = 85 toe Gee se 31m + 27m = 89 (iv) 38m + 580 = 174 Gil) by 7 and (iv) by 2 we get, Dividing throughout by 58 " “4 ees Lin +161 =30 (i) Ea Adding (v) and (vi) we get, min=3 ro) =ldm + 49n = 38 Subtracting (iv) from (ii) Mm + 16n = 30 cits Bia = 1a 3im + 27m = 89 66 ___.6 =4n + dn Dividing throughout by 4 7m+81= 15 tictim 7m +8(1 = 7m +8~15 mon=1 vi) . Tm =15-8 Adding (v) and (vi), we get men =3 m-n-1 2 4 2 2 Resubstituting the values of m and n we get, m =2e 36 Master Key Mathematics I Algebra (Std. X) Substituting m=2in (v) we get, Dividing throughout by ~6 hae m-n=1 wali) 2 aims Adding (v) and (vi) we get, n= 3-2 mtn=3 m-n-1 Resubstituting the values of m and n we get, om 7 1 1 4 yog w2and 943 be tats 3) a ~~ oma? a and ytni. Substituting m = 2 in (v) we get, mene3 2+ n=3-2 Lonel Resubstituting the values of m and rt we get, 1 1 : 2 and 5 x= 3, y=-2is the solution of the Pat yee given simultaneous equations, are i and y#2=1 Problem Set - 1 (Textbook Page No. 28) e dee2-1 0 and sdv=1-2 and (6) Solve the following simultaneous equations. a 7, A i i pyea t yaa 7 77? dy. yr (4 marks) Solution, b and y=~1is the solution of = i the given simultaneous equati mat yaa"? @ the given simultaneous equations. 13 meaty (ii Practice Set - 1.4 (Textbook Page No. 19) 1. =, (1) Solve the following simultaneous equations. Substituting 3,44 = ™ and yy 3 «40 in (and (i) respectively, we get, = Fm +130=27 . (4 marks) 13m + Tn =33 div) Solution: Adding (ii) and (iv) we get, w 2 7m + 13m = 27 x+y @ 13m + Jn = 33 15 20m + 20n = 60 wey xny 1 viding through« I, 1 Diviaing thepughout by 20 Substituting, rey b a in (i) and (ii) we get, mens o¥) 10a + 2b=4 Subtracting (iv) from (i), we get Ba ~ 5 = =2 7m + Wn = 27 Multiplying (iii) by 5 and (iv) by 2 we get, am + In = 33 502 + 10b ~20 oo o <6 + GWLinear Equations in Two Variables a7 Adding (v) and (vi), we got Multiplying both sides by 2 we get, 501 + 10h = 20 i? 302 - 10h = -4 ery oy 4 7 Sr : : ar Substituting = mand 5 “ Inq) and (i) we get, "3 men = 3 j 1 4 Substituting « = = in ii) we get, Multiplying both sides by 4 1a + 2b =4 dm tine 3 Gi) m-n= 5 Multiplying both sides by 4 4m—4n= -1 - (iv) Adding (i) and (iv) am+4n = 3 aman = = Resubstituting the values of a and b we get, am = 2 loa 1 Fey 75 4 oy tye -¢vii) xoyel ii ‘Adding (vii and (vii, we get, in Gi) we get, xty=5 +oxcyet 2 =6 — 2 x3 Substituting x =3 in equation (vii) we get, xtye5 1 34y=5 2 Resubstituting the values of mand rt we get, vt toa oq md Hoy77 Bety 4 Byoy 2 ¥=3, y=2is the solution of the a given simultaneous equations. . Srty=d and 3x-y =2 me 13 1 4 ‘ am 4 saa Brey Fey a Wey 2x8 ee (wi ‘a mts) fing (v) and (vi) we get, Solution: (i)e 38 Master Key Mathematics 1 - Algebra (Std. X) Substituting x~1in (w) we get, cs 1edn=5 a(yey= an=5-1 1. 34ya4 , -3 is the solution of the given simultaneous equations. 14 1 Sry io Tay Problem Set - 1 (Textbook Page No. 28) (6) Solve the following simultaneous equations. 3x4 4y=10 and 2v-3y=1 yoy at 3x+4y=10 “ © d@reay * 5@x—3y) 7 4? 2x-3y=1 wv) - § 3 Maniptying by 94nd) by wea Geri Gray 72 maris) sey (vi Solution: " aap ' (viii) ‘Adding (vii) and (viii) we get stp tet? 12y = 30 . 2Gx+4 (2x-3y) 4 ened ee Bact by 20 ft a 4 Multiplying both sides of above equation by — een Wr 10 ka Gren “ x=2 5 5 oe Substituting x= 2 in equation (vi) we get, Gra) arty =10 1 1, . 3Q)+4y=10 Substituting pqy =" and Bg ~ fae in @) and (i) we got, Ay=10-6 10m +4n =5 ay i 3 ye * 5m ~ 2n = Z 7 Multiplying by 2 we get, yet 10m ~4n v) « [y= 2and y= 1 is the solution of given Adding (ii) and (iv) we get simultaneous equations. 10m + an = 5 . ~oocss nse = tom = 4 . i Tet Points to Remember: : inde © Application of simultaneous equations: | . 20 Use of simultaneous equations is common in m= a science and mathematics. Thus, the study of | Substing m= nw linear equations, system of linear equation: and related concepts has its own importance. Letus see how the simultaneous equations are ! used in solving word problems. : Activity: There are some instructions given ! bbelow. Frame the equations from the information 'Linear Equations in Two Variables @ i yas Tam Sarak i T My present i 4 yea ago ageby Sakshi’ age was 3 years years. Ts than Sota age that Practice Set - 1.5 (Textbook Page No. 26) (1) Two numbers differ by 3. The sum of twice the smaller number and thrice the greater number is 19, Find the numbers. (3 marks) Solution: Let the greater number be x and the smaller number be y. According to the first condition xoy=3 J Three times the greater number =3x and twice the smaller number = 2y According to the second condition Br t2y =19 i) Multiplying () by 2 we get, 2x 2y =6 ‘Adding (i) and (ii) Be + 2y = x - y ES aly Blas The greater number is 5 and smaller number is 2. Sarthak’s age is less by 8 than double the age of Sakshi My present =a] age isx a years. Tam Sakshi ‘The sum of present ages of Sarthak ‘and Sakshi is 25. (© The denominator of a fraction is 4 more than twice the numerator. Denominator becomes 12 times the numerator, if both the numerator and denominator are reduced by 6. Find the fraction. (3 marks) Solution: Let the numerator of the fraction be x and the denominator be y. ‘The fraction is According to first condition, yr2eed ery srding to second condition, (y-6)=12(x-6) y-6= 12x -72 ~6+72=120-y 66=12x~y ss 1x-y=66 Adding (@) and (ii) we get, -metys4 @ Ae iy r- y = 66 ior 70 70 0 x27 Substituting x=7 in equation (i) we get n2ety 27) +y=4 -Mtya4 . ysaed y=18@ ‘Master Key Mathematis I Algebra (Std. X) vB 7 ‘The required fraction is 7g Problem Set - 1 (Textbook Page No. 28) (7) Solve the following problems using two variables. (i) Atwo digit numberand the number with digits interchanged add up to 143. In the given number the digit in unit’s place is 3 more than the digit in the ten’s place. Find the original number. (4 marks) Solution: Let the digitin units placeis vand that in tens place iy The number =[10]y +x The number obtained by interchanging the digits is=[to}r+y According to first colton, Two digit number + Number obtained by interchanging the digits = 143 loy +x + [10x y]= 143 mi) +[ily @ According to second condition, Digit in units place = x-(y)e3 worry Adding (i) and (ii) we get digit in ten’s place +3 x=8 Putting this value at x in (ii) we get, xtye13 s+(y]-3 yo ‘The Original number is 10y +x =(50]+8=58 (ii) To find number of notes that Anushka had, complete the following activity. (3 marks) Suppose that Anushka had x] notes oF % 100 and[¥) notes of € 50 each “Anushka got % 2500)- from Anand as denominations mentioned above + 100x + 5Qy= 2500 (i) 100x + 50y = 2500 “ 50x + 100y = 2000 i) 8 (il) by 2we get, Subtracting equation (ii) from equation oor + 50y = 2500 100r + 200y = 4000 =150y = —1500 150y = 1500 If Anand would have given her the amount by interchanging. ‘number of notes, Anushka would] have received 500 less than the previous amount :- 50x +100y = 2000 (i) 1500 oD = y=10 Substituting, y = 10 in equation (i) we get, 100x + 50y = 2500 + 100x + 50(10) 100 x= 2000Linear Equations in Two Variables a x=20 ‘Number of 100 rupees notes is 20 and number of 50 rupees notes is 10 1 (i) Kantabai bought 1 kg tea and 5 kg sugar from a shop. She paid € 50 as return fare for rickshaw. Total expense was @ 700. Then she realised that by ordering online the goods can be bought with free home delivery at the same price. So next month she placed the order online for 2 kg tea and 7 kg sugar. She paid & 880 for that. Find the rate of sugar and tea per kg. (4 marks) Solution: Let the cost of 1 kg. of tea be ® xand 1 kg. of Sugar beey 3 day 2e-+Ty=880 (i) Multiplying (i) by 2 and (ii) by Swe get, fx-+20y= 2600 6x+ 21y= 2640 co) Subtracting equation (i) from equation (ii) we get, 6x + 20y = 2600 6x + 2ly = 2640 y=40 Substituting y = 40 in (ii) we get, 2e + Ty = 880 The cost of 1 Kg, tea is 300 and 1 Kg. Sugar is 740 () Ima factory the ratio of salary of skilled and unskilled workers is 5 : 3. Total salary of one day of both of them is ® 720. Find daily wages of skilled and unskilled workers. (4 marks) Solution: Let the per day salary of skilled workers be € x and per day salary of unskilled workers be &y According to the first condition x5 v3 3r=5y 3r-5y-0 ti) According to the second condition 720 fil) Multiplying (ii) by 5 we get 5x+5y=3600 ii) Adling (i) and (ii) we get, 3x- 5y= 0 xt bee 3600 a 3600 2600 =e _ e450 Substituting x= 450 equation (i we get, xty=720 + 450+y=720 y= 720-450 = y=270 * [Daily wages of skilled workers is €450 and that of unskilled worker is €270 Practice Set - 1.5 (Textbook Page No. 26) (5) Two types of boxes A, B are to be placed ina truck having capacity of 10 tons, When 150 boxes of type A and 100 boxes of type B are loaded in the truck, it weighes 10 tons. But when 260 boxes of type A are loaded in the truck, it can ill accommodate 40 boxes of type B, so that it is fully loaded. Find the weight of each type of box? (4 marks) Solution: ton 10 ton 000 kg, 0,000 kge 2 Master Key Mathematics I Algebra (Std. X) “Capacity of truck = 10 ton = 10,000 kg, Also, 2y= x44 Let the weight of type A box be x kg. and the aaReby weight of each of type B box be y kg. Loa. According tothe first condition, cording fo the first condition, Adaling (i) and (i) we get, 1502 + 100y = 10,000 - x ty = nd 15x + 10y = 1000..() [Dividing both sides by 10], +x = by = -4 According to the second condition, pad & at 26x + Ay = 10,000 a WS8 Dividing throughout by 4, ee 65x + 10y = 2500 (i) = ik Subtracting () from (i), as es [he = ee ee Pe, “a ‘The length of rectangle = 2x +y+8 oo oO 212) +848 i800 = 24416 7 = 40 units _ bende = Substituting x= 30 in (i) we get, aa Be + 10y 1 =16 units + Perimeter of rectangle = 2 [length + breadth] 15 (80) +10y = 1000 Spee] + 450+ 10y = 1000 ae + 10y = 1000-450 5 Perimeter of rectangle = 112 units Area of rectangle length x breadth ‘The weight of type A box is 30 kg and = 40x16 the weight of type B box is 55 kg ‘Area of rectangle = 640 Sq, units (2) Complete the following activity. (4 maris) (3) The sum of father’s age and twice the age of his 2E4938 son is 70. If we double the age of the father and - add it to the age of his son the sum is 95. Find ry | tama |e 4 | Find the values their present ages. mans) | Rectangle ofxand y 7 Solution: oe Let the age of son be x years and the age of aa father be y years. ee According to the fis condition, 2ety=70 @ Solatioes According to the second condition, In a rectangle, opposite sides are equal in length. 42) =95 Multiplying (by 2 we get, ar + y= 140 (ii) Subtracting (i) from (i) xt dy 95 r+ ay = 140 “Linear Equations in Two Variables e 8 Substituting x= 15 in (i), we get, 2e+y=70 215) +y=70 30+ ‘The age of son is 15 years and the age of father is 40 years. Problem Set - 1 (Textbook Page No. 29) (7) Solve the following problems using two variables. (iv) Sum of the present ages of Manish and Savita is 31. Manish’s age 3 years ago was 4 times the age of Savita. Find their present ages. (3 marks) Solution: Let the he present age of Manish be x years and age of Savita y years. According to the first condition xty=31 6) Three years ago, (3) years and (y-3) years According to second condition, 3-4-3) x-3edy-12 xedy=-1243 xdy i) Subtracting equation (i) from equation (i) we get, xoty Bl xo ay- 9 hE M_. Substituting y= 8 in equation (i) we get, xtye3l x+8=31 . x 931-8 xB ‘The present age of Manisha is 23 years and the present age of Savita is 8 years. (vi) Places A and B are 30 km apart and they are on a straight road. Hamid travels from A to B on. bike. At the same time Joseph starts from B on bike, travels towards A. They meet each other after 20 minutes. If Joseph would have started from B at the same time but in the opposite direction (instead of towards A) Hamid would have caught up with him after 3 hours. Find the speed of Hamid and Joseph. (4 marks) Solution: Let the speed at which Hamid is driving his motocycle be x kmyhr. and the speed at which. Joseph is driving his motocycle be y ky. [x> y] Case I: When they move towards each other. pee kine wkanne B A ¢ Hamid <3 km —> Joseph In this case, both motorcycles are moving towards each other and they meet at C after 20 2, 60 ‘Then AC +BC=AB ie. distance covered by minutes. =} hours 3 Hamid in Hho + distance covered by fp in Thours=30 km. Le yeaa pstance=spued x sie oxty=90 ) CaselIl: When Joseph movein oppositedirection (instead of towards A) arkm/he cy km/hr 4‘ B G <—30kn—_> ‘As shown in figure, both are moving in the same direction and they meet at C after 3 hours Then AC-BC = AB ie. Distance covered by Hamid in 3 hours ~ distance covered by Joseph in 3 hours =30km, 3r-3y=30 [Distance = speed time] x-y=10 i) Aadting @) and (i) we get, rty = 9 x-y = 10 Ps 100@ “4 Master Key Mathematics I Algebra (Std. X) 100 = £800 x 32 x= 50 = x= 150 Substituting x ~50 in (i) we get Vishal travelled 150 km by bus. xty=90 50+ y= 90 Problem Set - 1 (lextbook Page No. 29) y= 90-50 y=40 MCQ’s ‘Speed of Hamids motorcycle = 50 km/hr. Choose correct alternative for each of the land Speed of Joseph's Motorcycle is following questions: (1 mark each) '[Link]/hr, (1) To draw graph of 4x + 5y = 19, Find y when x-l. Practice Set - 1.5 (extbook Page No. 26) (a4 ®3 ©2 O23 i i (2) For simultaneous equations in variables x and y, (6) Out of 1900 km, Vishal travelled some distance - by bus and some by aeroplane. Bus travels with D9 49,D,--63,D=7 then what is? average speed 60 km/hr and the average speed a7 ®-7 ©F © of aeroplane is 700 km/hr. It takes 5 hours to complete the journey. Find the distance, Vishal | ©) Findthevalueof |5_—_ 3 | travelled by bus. (4 marks) 74 Solaitene @-1 @-41 O41 M1 Let the distance travelled by bus be x km and the distance travelled by aeroplane be y km. ‘According to the first condition. ty 1900 Distance Time =~ Soeed Time taken by bus to cover x km at 60 km/hr x = Gy hours Time taken by aeroplane to cover y km at 700 km/hr. 500 The journey was completed in 5 hours According to second condition, zy eu 0 * 700 Multiplying both the sides of above equation by 2100 i.e. LCM of 60 and 70, 35x +3y = 10500 Multiplying equation (i) by 3x+3y=5700 i Subtracting (i) from (i) 35x + 3y = 10500 Br + By = 5700 4 © 32x = 4800 hours 5 co) we get, (@) Tosolve x +y=3;3x~2y-4=0 by determinant method find D. (ays B11 ©-5 @-1 (5) ar+by=cand mx+ny=dand an # bm then these simultaneous equations have~ (A) Only one common solution. (B) No solution (©) Infinite number of solutions. (D) Only two Solutions ‘Additional MCQ’s ‘The general form of linear equation in two variables is... © (B) ax tty (Ajax +6=0 (Carthy +e=0 — (D) None of these ” is one of the solution of equation 3e—5y=10 (A)0.2) 8) 20 C20 ©) @-2 (8) If 12x+ 13y=29 and 13+ 12y=21 then the value ofs+yis (ay 23 ©2 (50 (9) Express the following information in ‘mathematical form using x and y variables: one number is 5 more than seven times the other number (A)x-5y=7 (B) x= 7y=5 (Oxt7y=5 (D) x-7y--5 (10) Write D, for the following simultaneous ‘equations, 3x + 4y=8 ; -2y=5Linear Equations in Two Variables 6 ala 4 B|8 4 (21) IfD, ~~ 18 and D~3 are values of determinant value of ris. | © | 2 (+6 @)-15 (C)-6 (D) +18 an is the solution of given simultaneous | (22) Find mif value of determinant |". °| is 31. equations. x—y=7,x+y=11 = A) ®) (9,2) (4 @)3 (28 2 (©) (9,2) (D) 5) a) (13) aa) as) a6) an (as) a9) 20) When we consider two linear equations in two variables, such equations are called as (A) simultaneous equations (8) linear equations (© quadratic equations (D) non-linear equations. is not a linear equation in two variables (B) 3x +4y-xy=0 ly-1 (D) 3x=4y Which is linear equation in two variables, (A)3r+9= J2.y42 (B) 3r—4y txy=0 (©)2m-8=4m — (D) 3x-14=9 Select pair of simultaneous equations from the following enue (1) 2e+2y-7Q) de +32~9 @)3yt4e=8 4) rt 9x= 18 (A) Land 2 (®) 2and3 (©)3and4 (D) 2and4 Equation of X axis is (A)x=0) @B) x=b (y= 0 (D) yma The co-ordinates of the point of origin are WO B49 OY May value of mis... ()-3 3 ©-7 7 ‘The perimeter of a rectangle is 64, is expressed in the mathematical equation form as 1 (A) p(rty)=68 (Oxxy=64 (B) 2(x+y)=64 (p) * 0) Fao 5 2| The valueof determinant | 4] is (6 @)-6 ED) -34 a) 25) 26) en (28) @ 6) ” (10) a2) «ay 6) a9) 2 then the two simultaneous mh & equations have ene (A) one solution (C) infinitely many solutions (D) two solutions, (8) no solution + then the two simultaneous equations have. (A) one solution (8) no solution (O) infinitely many solutions (D) two solutions I 9) point ing on graph of equation Sx +2y=—4 then a= (A)2 (B)-2 2 0 o2 ©) Without solving simultaneous equation decide 3x +5y= 16 and 4x-y=6have (A) unique solution {B) no solution (O) infinitely many solutions (D) none of these If simultaneous equations do not have any solution then their graphical interpretation contains... (A) parallel lines (8) coincident lines (C) intersecting lines (D) can’t determine ne rule the value of xis... D, D D, = Dy y wt wer , MDOP MD 83 WA7GM1aHO-5 (A) Only one common solution (6) (B) ax + by=¢ ©) OX C2 OB) x~7% @|s (a1) (C)09,2) 5 -2 (A) simultaneous equations (13) (B) 3r+ 4y-ay=0 (A)3r+9= y+? (15) (D)2and4 (Chy=0 (17) (A) @, 0) (18) (B)3 (B)2(x+y)=64 (20)(A)6 CD) (C)-6 (B)3 (23) (C) infinitely many solutionse 46 Master Key Mathematics I Algebra (Std. X) (28) (B) no solution (25) (B) -2 3g ey (26) (A) unique solution (27) (A) parallel lines yoy ety xmy cs) @ Be m 5. D xl y-2 77 x1 y-2 PROBLEMS FOR PRACTICE Based on Practice Set 1.5, Raced onPraciice Seid (©) Solve the following simultancous equations: (2) Solve the following simultaneous equations: A edeaesbngn einer nile tne iO (i) Sx-y =2; Sx-2y=1 2 marks) present age. 6 years back shabana's age was 2 (i) 42+ 31y=63 31447 marks) times Juhi’ at that time find their present ages. (ii) dm-+3n=18;3m-20=5 2 marks) (8 marks) (iv) 2x- 31 marks) | (ii) If 1 is added to the numerator of a certain 1 1 w Betsy » marks) fraction its value becomes and if 1is added 1 tots denometer 2. Find the original fraction wy 5847 4 marks) 3 (3 marks) (ii) Sum of two number is 45 and the greater number SHE Shoe Me ~ 228 Sonn Sota) istwice the smaller number. Find the numbers Based on Pr (3 marks) (2). Solve the following simultaneous equations | (iv) Aman travels 370 km partly by train and partly using Graphical method: (4 marks each) (3) Find the value of following determinants: (1 mark ench) | 5-2 “31 (@) Solve the following simultaneous equations using Cramer's method: (4 marks each) 6 (ii) x+y +4=0; 3x (5) Solve the following simultaneous equations: (4 marks each) oy a a @ @ o 6) © eae by car: Ifhe covers 250 km by train and the rest by car, it takes him 4 hours. But, If he travels 130 km by train and the rest by car, he takes 18 minutes longer. Find the speed of the train and that of the (4 marks) ()) x-3, y=7 (il) = 2, yA Giil)m=3, n=2 iv) ¥=4, y=-2()x=9, y=2 (vi) 2-6, y=8 i) m=1, m=-5 () x=5, y=3 Gil) x= ww) yrd ye yo (il) 2ye3 my (i) 48 Gi @- w (@) x*5,y=6 (il) x=-8y=2 Gil)r=3, yo? 2 (irs 5, (i ) 5 () 26years, 18 years (ii) (iil) 30,15 (iy) 100 km/hr and 80 kan/hr.Linear Equations in Te Variables 8 os f 1 ! ‘ASSIGNMENT -1 1 I 1 I 1 1 Q.1. (A) Choose the correct alternative answer and fill in the blanl 1 1 () Select par of simultaneous equations from the following, 1 1) 2ee2y=7@) areae=9 |G) ayedens Ae Or=18 1 1) ax+by=cand ma ny = and an # bm then these simultaneous equations have 1 1 (A). Onlyone common solution. (®) NoSolution 1 1 © infinite numberof solutions ©) Only two Sottions 1 1 (ByPerform the following question: ol 1) Wiite D, for the following simultaneous questions: Sx #2y=10;-2r+y==11 1 1 solution: 5i-+2y=10; -3r+y =I 2 D.=! 1 1 I 57 1 | @) Find the value of the folowing determinant: | > 7 | i 1 Sion) 57] ; 1 2 1 1 -sxO-Ox7 -ce4 -O I 1G) W3ev4y=-10;-4x +3y~3 then find the value of 3+ I 1 Solution 1 1 Bredy=10.@) A43y=3 4 1 1 Adding @) and ( I 1 ort 4y = 10 1 1 see 3 1 I m+ y= CI I 1 rye 1 ' Q2. Perform the following activities: (Any 2) a ' 1 (Complete the following table to draw graph for equation x-+2y=5 I I 7.0 [oO I 1 ; =2 1 E @~[ o[o ' 1 @) Solve the folowing simultaneous equations, @)_ Find the value ofthe following determinats; 1 xty=8,x-ye2 @ (2 8\a ie “A I 1 83 xe 1 1 1 1 xy-2 3a 1 1 ‘Adaing @) and gy 22 I 1 sty -8 1 I 1 I 1 I 1 ‘ Substituting the value of xin I t . Codty8 } 1 I 1 1 Q3. Perform the following activities: (Any 1) | 1 (1) The perimeter of rectangle is 40 cm. The length of rectangle is 2cm more than twice its breadth then 1 |. __ fina the gt and the brent of etn }‘Master Key Mathematies I Algebra (Std. X) Complete the following activity. Rectangle | yem ven —» [Perimeter of rectangle = 40 cm <. x +y=[_] ..(i)| According to 2nd condition _—]- ]=[ (fi) ‘Aer solving (and i) = = Cand y= Z cam and Breadth = © Length = (2) Solve: 15x + 17y=21; 17x +15y = 11 Complete the following activity. 1x +7y =21 xe 15y=11 ‘Adding (i) andl (i) we get, Subtracting (i) from (i) we get, OOO wii O-O -C uw ‘After solving (ii) and (iv) x = (land y= [1] y (%.)=(___)is the solution of given simultaneous equations. ‘Q44. Attempt the following: (Any 2) 6 (2) Aboat takes 6 hours to travel 8 km up stream and 32 km down stream and it takes 7 hours to travel 20 km upstream and 16 km downstream. Find the speed of the boat in still water and the speed of the stream. Q) Solve the following simultaneous equations using Graphical method: 2x +3y=12;x—y=1 (3) The sum of two digit number and the number obtained by reversing the order of its digits is 143. The digit at ten’s place is greater than digit of units place by 3 then find the original number. Se Nee eee ee ee ee ee eee ee eee’