1. Find two rational numbers between 0.1 and 0.

2. Express in the form of decimal.

3. Simplify :

4. Rationalise the denominator of

5. Express as a fraction in teh simplest form.
6. If find the value of
7. Simplify
8. Find the value of x in

9. If find the value of

10. What is the value of

1 Marks Questions
1. Are the square roots of all positive integers irrational? If not, give an
example of the square root of a number that is irrational number.
Ans: We know that the square root of every positive integer will not yield an
integer.
We know that 4 is 2, which is an integer. But, 7 or 10 will give an irrational
number.
Therefore, we conclude that the square root of every positive integer is not an
irrational number.

2. Write three numbers whose decimal expansions are non-terminating

non-recurring.
Ans: The three numbers that have their expansions as non-terminating on
recurring decimals are given below.
0.04004000400004....
0.07007000700007....
0.13001300013000013....

3. Find three different irrational numbers between the rational numbers

511 and 911.
Ans: Let us convert 511 and 911 into decimal form, to get
57=0.714285....and911=0.818181....
Three irrational numbers that lie between 0.714285.... and 0.818181.... are:
0.73073007300073...
0.74074007400074....
0.76076007600076....

4. Which of the following rational numbers have terminating decimal

representation?
(i)35
(ii)213
(iii)4027
(iv)237
Ans: (i)35
5. How many rational numbers can be found between two distinct
rational numbers?
(i) Two
(ii) Ten
(iii) Zero
(iv) Infinite
Ans: (iv) Infinite

6. The value of (2+3)(2-3) in

(i) 1
(ii) -1
(iii) 2
(iv) none of these
Ans: (i) 1

7. (27)-2/3 is equal to
(i) 9
(ii) 1/9
(iii) 3
(iv) none of these
Ans: (ii) 1/9

8. Every natural number is

(i) not an integer
(ii) always a whole number
(iii) an irrational number
(iv) not a fraction
Ans: (ii) always a whole number

9. Select the correct statement from the following

(i) 7945
(ii) 2639
(iii) -23-45
(iv)-57-34
Ans: (iii) −23>−45

10. 7.2― is equal to

(i) 689
(ii) 649
(iii) 659
(iv) 639
Ans: (iii) 659

11. 0.83458456...... is
(i) an irrational number
(ii) rational number
(iii) a natural number
(iv) a whole number
Ans: (i) an irrational number

12. A terminating decimal is

(i) a natural number
(ii) a rational number
(iii) a whole number
(iv) an integer.
Ans: (ii) a rational number

13. The pq form of the number 0.8 is

(i) 810
(ii) 8100
(iii) 18
(iv) 1
Ans: (i) 810

14. The value of 10003 is

(i) 1
(ii) 10
(iii) 3
(iv) 0
Ans: (ii) 10

15. The sum of rational and an irrational number

(i) may be natural
(ii) may be irrational
(iii) is always irrational
(iv) is always rational
Ans: (iii) is always rational

16. The rational number not lying between 35 and 23 is

(i) 4975
(ii) 5075
(iii) 4775
(iv) 4675
Ans: (B) 5075

17. 0.123― is equal to

(i) 12290
(ii) 122100
(iii) 12299
(iv) None of these
Ans: (a) 122990
18. The number (1+3)2 is
(a) natural number
(b) irrational number
(c) rational number
(d) integer
Ans: (b) irrational number

19. The simplest form of 600 is

(i) 1060
(ii) 1006
(iii) 203
(iv) 106
Ans: (D) 106

20. The value of 0.23―+0.22― is

(i) 0.45―
(ii) 0.44―
(iii) 0.45―
(iv) 0.44―
Ans: (A) 0.23―=0.232323....
0.22―=0.222222....
0.23―+0.22―=0.454545....
=0.45―

21. The value of 213 × 2-43 is

(i) 2
(ii) 12
(iii) 3
(iv) None of these
Ans: (B) 213×2−43=213−43=21−43=2−33
22. 1613 ÷ 952 is equal to
(i) 39
(ii) 98
(iii) 89
(iv) None of these
Ans: 1613÷952
1613952=1691352=89

23. 8 is an
(i) natural number
(ii) rational number
(iii) integer
(iv) irrational number
Ans: (D) 8 is an irrational number
∴4×2=22

2 Marks Questions
1. Is zero a rational number? Can you write it in the form pq, where p and
q are integers and q≠0?
Ans: Consider the definition of a rational number. A rational number is the one
that can be written in the form pq, where p and q are integers and q≠0.
Zero can be written as 01,02,03,04,05......
So, we arrive at the conclusion that 0 can be written in the form pq, where qis
any integer.
Therefore, zero is a rational number.

2. Find six rational numbers between 3 and 4.

Ans: We know that there are infinite rational numbers between any two
numbers.
A rational number is the one that can be written in the form of pq, where p and
q are integers and q≠0.
We know that the numbers 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5 and 3.6 all lie between 3 and
4.
We need to rewrite the numbers 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5 and 3.6 in pq form to
get the rational numbers between 3 and 4.
So, after converting we get 3210,3210,3310,3410,3510, and 3610, into lowest
fractions.
On converting the fractions into lowest fractions, we get 165,175,72 and 185.
Therefore, six rational numbers between 3 and 4are 3110,165,3310,175,72
and 185.

3. Find five rational numbers between 35 and 45.

Ans: We know that there are infinite rational numbers between any two
numbers.
A rational number is the one that can be written in the form of pq, where p and
q are integers and q≠0.
We know that the numbers 35 and 45 can also be written as 0.6 and 0.8.
We can conclude that the numbers0.61,0.62,0.63,0.64 and 0.65 in pq form to
get the rational numbers between 3 and 4.
So, after converting, we get 61100,62100,63100,64100 and 65100.
We can further convert the rational numbers 62100,64100 and 65100 into
lowest fractions.
On converting the fractions, we get 3150,1625 and 1320.
Therefore, six rational numbers between 3 and 4 are
61100,3150,63100,1650 and 1350.

4. Show how 5 can be represented on the number line.

Ans: According to Pythagoras theorem, we can conclude that
(5)2=(2)2+(1)2.
We need to draw a line segment AB of 1unit on the number line. Then draw a
straight line segment BC of 2 units. Then join the points C and A, to form a
line segment BC.
Then draw the arc ACD, to get the number 5 on the number line.
5. You know that 17=0.142857..... Can you predict what the decimal
expansion of 27,37,47,57,67 are, without actually doing the long
division? If so, how?
(Hint: Study the remainder while finding the value of 17 carefully.)
Ans: We are given that 17=0.142857― or 17=0.142857....
We need to find the value of 27,37,47,57 and 67, without performing long
division.
We know that 27,37,47,57 and 67 can be rewritten as
2×17,3×17,4×17,5×17 and 6×17.
On substituting value of 17 as 0.142857...., we get
2×17=2×0.142857....=0.285714....
3×17=3×0.142857....=0.428571....
4×17=4×0.142857....=0.571428....
5×17=5×0.142857....=0.714285....
6×17=6×0.142857....=0.857142....
Therefore, we conclude that, we can predict the values of 27,37,47,57 and 67,
without performing long division, to get
27=0.285714―,37=0.428571―,47=0.571428―,57=0.714285―,67=0.857142
―

6. Express 0.99999....in the form pq. Are you surprised by your answer?
Discuss why the answer makes sense with your teacher and classmates.
Ans: Let x=0.99999.... ......(a)
We need to multiply both sides by 10 to get
10x=9.9999.... ......(b)
We need to subtract (a) from (b), to get
10x=9.99999....
x=0.99999....
_____________
9x=9
We can also write 9x=9 as x=99 or x=1.
Therefore, on converting 0.99999.... in the pq form, we get the answer as 1.
Yes, at a glance we are surprised at our answer. But the answer makes sense
when we observe that 0.99999.... goes on forever. So there is no gap between
1 and 0.9999.... and hence they are equal.

7. Visualize 3.765 on the number line using successive magnification.

Ans: We know that the number 3.765 will lie between 3.764 and 3.766.
We know that the number 3.764and 3.766 will lie between 3.76 and 3.77.
We know that the number 3.76 and 3.77. will lie between 3.7 and 3.8.
We know that the number 3.7 and 3.8 will lie between 3 and 4.
Therefore, we can conclude that we need to use the successive magnification,
after locating numbers 3 and 4 on the number line
8. Visualize 4.26― on the number line, upto 4decimal places.
Ans: We know that the number 4.26― can also be written as4.262.....
We know that the number 4.262.... will lie between 4.261 and 4.263.
We know that the number 4.261 and 4.263 will lie between 4.26 and 4.27.
We know that the number 4.26 and 4.27 will lie between 4.2 and 4.3.
We know that the number 4.2 and 4.3 will lie between 4 and 5.
Therefore, we can conclude that we need to use the successive magnification,
after locating numbers 4 and 5 on the number line.
9. Recall, πis defined as the ratio of the circumference (say c) of a circle
of its diameter (say d). That is, π=cd. This seems to contradict the fact
that π is irrational. How you resolve this contradiction?
Ans: We know that when we measure the length of the line or a figure by
using a scaleneory device, we do not get an exact measurement. In fact, we
get an approximate rational value. So, we are not able to realize that either the
circumference (c) or diameter (d) of a circle is irrational.
Therefore, we can conclude that as such there is not any contradiction
regarding the value of π and we realize that the value of π is irrational.

10. Represent 9.3 on the number line.

Ans: Mark the distance 9.3 units from a fixed point A on a given line to obtain
a point B such that AB=9.3 units. From B mark a distance of 1 unit and call the
new point as C. Find themid-point of AC and call that point as O. Draw a semi-
circle with centre O and radius OC=5.15units. Draw a line perpendicular to AC
passing through B cutting the semi-circle at D.
Then BD=9.3.

11. Find (i) 6415 (ii) 3215 (iii) 12513

Ans:
(i) 6412
We know thata1n=an, where a>0
We conclude that 6412 can also be written as 642=8×82
642=8×82=8
Therefore, the value of 6412 will be 8.

(ii) 3215
We know thata1n=an, where a>0
We conclude that 3215can also be written as 325=2×2×2×2×25
325=2×2×2×2×25=2
Therefore, the value of 3215will be 2.
(iii) 12513
We know thata1n=an, where a>0
We conclude that 12513can also be written as 1253=5×5×53
1253=5×5×53=5
Therefore, the value of 12513will be 5.

12. Simplify 23×34

Ans: 23×34
213×314
The LCM of 3 and 4 is 12
∴213=2412=(24)112=16112
314=3312=(33)112=27112
213×314=16112×27112=(16×27)112
=(432)112

13. Find the two rational numbers between12 and 13.

Ans: First rational number between 12 and 13
=12[12+13]⇒12[3+26]⇒512
=12,512 and 13
Second rational number between 12 and 13
=12[12+512]⇒12[6+512]⇒1124
=512 and 1124 are two rational numbers between 12 and 13.

14. Find two rational numbers between 2 and 3.

Ans: Irrational numbers between 2 and 3 is 2×3=6
Irrational number between 2 and 3 is 6.
2×6=212×614=22×14×614
=(22)14×614=414×614=(24)14=244
6 and 24 are two rational numbers between 2 and 3.

15. Multiply (3−5) by (6+2).

Ans: (3−5)(6+2)
=3(6−2)−5(6+2)
=18+32−65−5×2
=18+32−65−10

16. Evaluate (i) 1253 (ii) 12504

Ans:
(i) 1253=(5×5×5)13=(53)13=5

(ii) 12504$\begin{align}
=(2×5×5×5×5)14=(2×54)14
=214×(54)14=5×24

17. Find rationalizing factor of 300.

Ans: 300=2×2×3×5×5
=22×3×52
=2×53=103
Rationalizing factor is 3

18. Rationalizing the denominator 15+2 and subtract it from 5−2.

Ans: 15+2×5−25−2
=5−2(5)2−(2)2=5−25−2=5−23
Difference between (5−2) and (5−23)
=5−2−(5−23)
=5−2−53+23
=(5−53)−(2−23)
=253−223=23(5−2)

19. Show that 7−3 is irrational.

Ans: Suppose 7−3 is rational
Let 7−3=x (x is a rational number)
7=x+3
x is a rational number 3 is also a rational number
∴x+3 is a rational number
But is 7 irrational number which is contradiction
∴7−3 is an irrational number.

20. Find two rational numbers between 7 and 5.

Ans: First rational number =12[7+5]=122=6
Second rational number =12[7+6]=12×13=132
Two rational numbers between 7 and 5 are 6 and 132.

21. Show that 5+2 is not a rational number.

Ans: Let 5+2 is a rational number.
Say 5+2=x i.e., 2=x−5
x is a rational number 5 is also rational number
∴x−5 is also a rational number.
But 2 is irrational number which is a contradiction
∴5+2 is an irrational number.

22. Simplify (5+2)2.

Ans: (5+2)2=(5)2+(2)2+25×2=5+2+210=7+22

23. Evaluate 11521132.

Ans: 11521132=1152−32[∵aman=am−n]
=115−32=1122
=11

24. Find four rational numbers between 37 and 47.

Ans:
37×1010=3070 and 47×1010=4070
Take any four rational numbers between 3070 and 4070 i.e., rational numbers
between 37 and 47 are 3170,3270,3370,3470,3570

25. Write the following in decimal form (i) 36100 (ii) 211
Ans:
(i) 36100=0.36
(ii) 211=0.18―

26. Express 2.4178― in the form ab

Ans: x=2.4178―
10x=24.178―......(1)[Multiplying both sides by 10]
10x=24.178178178....
1000×10x=1000×24.178178178....Multiplying both sides by 1000
10,000x=24178.178178....
10000x=24178.178― ......(2)
Subtracting (1) from (2)
10,000x−x=24178.178―−24.178―
9990x=24154
x=241549990
2.4178―=241549990+120774995

27. Multiply 3 by 53.

Ans: 3 and 53
Or 312 and 513
LCM of 2 and 3 is 6
312=312×33=(33)16=(27)16
513=513×22=(52)16=(25)16
3×53=(27)16×(25)16=(27×25)16
=67516=6756

28. Find the value of 2+55 if 5=2.236 and 10=3.162.

Ans: 2+55×55=10+55=8.1625=1.6324

29. Convert 0.25― into rational number.

Ans: Let x=0.25― ......(i)
x=0.252525....
Multiply both sides by 100
100x=25.252525....
100x=25.25― ......(ii)
Subtract (i) from (ii)
100x−x=25.25―−0.25―
99x=25
x=2599

30. Simplify (33+22)(23+32).

Ans: By multiplying each terms in the given product we have,
(33+22)(23+32)
=33(23+32)+22(23+32)
=18+96+46+12
=30+(9+4)6
=30+136

31. Simplify 932×9−42912.

Ans: By using the formulas of exponents with same base we get,
932×9−42912=932−42912[[Link]=am−n]
9−12912=1912+12[a−m=1am]
=1922=19

3 Marks Questions
1. State whether the following statements are true or false. Give
reasons for your answers.
i. Every natural number is a whole number.
Ans:
Separately, consider whole numbers and natural numbers.
We know that the whole number series is 0,1,2,3,4,5....
We know that the natural number series is 0,1,2,3,4,5....
As a result, every number in the natural number series may be found in the
whole number series.
Therefore, we can safely conclude that any natural number is a whole
number.

ii. Every integer is a whole number.

Ans: Separately, consider whole numbers and integers.
We know that integers are those numbers that can be written in the form of pq
where q=1.
In the case of an integer series, we now have.... 4,3,2,1,0,1,2,3,4....
We know that the whole number series is 0,1,2,3,4,5....
We can conclude that all whole number series numbers belong to the integer
series.
However, the whole number series does not contain every number of integer
series.
As a result, we can conclude that no integer is a whole number.

iii. Every rational number is a whole number.

Ans: Separately, consider whole numbers and rational numbers.
We know that integers are those numbers that can be written in the form of pq
where q≠0.
We know that the whole number series is 0,1,2,3,4,5....
We know that every number of whole number series can be written in the form
of pq as 01,11,21,31,41,51...
We conclude that every number of the whole number series is a rational
number.
But, every rational number does not appear in the whole number series.

2. State whether the following statements are true or false. Justify your
answers.
i. Every irrational number is a real number.
Ans: Separately, consider irrational numbers and real numbers.
We know that irrational numbers are the numbers that cannot be converted in
the form pq, where p and q are integers and q≠0.
A real number is made up of both rational and irrational numbers, as we all
know.
As a result, we might conclude that any irrational number is, in fact, a real
number.

ii. Every point on the number line is of the form m, where m is a natural
number.
Ans: Consider a number line. We know that we can express both negative
and positive numbers on a number line.
We know that when we take the square root of any number, we cannot
receive a negative value.
Therefore, we conclude that not every number point on the number line is of
the form m, where m is a natural number.

iii. Every real number is an irrational number.

Ans: Separately, consider irrational numbers and real numbers.
We know that irrational numbers are the numbers that cannot be converted in
the form pq, where p and q are integers and q≠0.
A real number is made up of both rational and irrational numbers, as we all
know.
As a result, we can deduce that any irrational number is actually a real
number. However, not every real number is irrational.
Therefore, we conclude that every real number is not a rational number.

3. Express the following in the form pq where p and q are integers and
q≠0.
i. 0.6―
Ans:
Let x=0.6―
⇒x=0.6666 ......(a)
Multiplying both sides by 10 we get
10x=6.6666 ......(b)
We need to subtract (a) from (b), to get
9x=6
We can also write 9x=6 as x=69 or x=23.
Therefore, on converting 0.6― in the pq form, we get the answer as 23.

ii. 0.47―
Ans: Let x=0.47―⇒x=0.47777 ......(a)
Multiplying both sides by 10 we get
10x=4.7777 ......(b)
We need to subtract (a) from (b), to get
9x=4.3
We can also write 9x=4.3 as x=4.39 or x=4390
Therefore, on converting 0.47― in the pq form, we get the answer as 4390.

iii. 0.001―
Ans: Let x=0.001―⇒x=0.001001 ......(a)
Multiplying both sides by 1000 we get
1000x=1.001001 ......(b)
We need to subtract (a) from (b), to get
999x=1
We can also write 999x=1 as x=1999
Therefore, on converting 0.001― in the pq form, we get the answer as 1999.

4. What can the maximum number of digits be in the recurring block of

digits in the decimal expansion of 117 ? Perform the division to check
your answer.
Ans: The number of digits in the recurring block of 117 must be determined.
To acquire the repeating block of 117 we'll use long division.
We need to divide 1 by 17, to get 0.0588235294117647.... and we got the
remainder as 1, which will continue to be 1 after carrying out 16 continuous
divisions.
Therefore, we conclude that
117=0.0588235294117647 or 117=0.0588235294117647― which is a non-
terminating decimal and recurring decimal.

5. Look at several examples of rational numbers in the form pq(q≠0)

where p and q are integers with no common factors other than 1 and
having terminating decimal representations (expansions). Can you
guess what property q must satisfy?
Ans: Let us consider the examples of the form pq that are terminating
decimals.
52=2.5
54=1.25
25=0.4
516=0.3125
It can be observed that the denominators of the above rational numbers have
powers of 2,5 or both.
Therefore, we can conclude that property, which q must satisfy in pq , so that
the rational number pq is a terminating decimal is that q must have powers of
2,5 or both.

6. Classify the following numbers as rational or irrational:

i. 2−5
Ans: 2−5
We know that 5=2.236...., which is an irrational number.
2−5=2−2.236....
=−0.236..., which is also an irrational number.
As a result, we can deduce that 2−5 is an irrational number.

ii. (3+23)−23
Ans: (3+23)−23
(3+23)−23=3+23−23=3
As a result, we can deduce that (3+23)−23 is a rational number.

iii. 2777
Ans: 2777
We can cancel 7 in the numerator and denominator to get 2777=27, because
7 is a common number in both the numerator and denominator.

iv. 12
Ans: 12
We know that 2=1.4142..., which is an irrational number.
12×22=22
=1.4142...2=0.707... which is also an irrational number.
As a result, we can deduce that 12 is an irrational number.

v. 2π
Ans: 2π
We know that π=3.1415...., which is an irrational number.
We can conclude that 2π will also be an irrational number.
As a result, we can deduce that 2π is an irrational number.

7. Simplify each of the following expression:

i. (3+33)(2+2)
Ans:
(3+33)(2+2)
Applying distributive law,
(3+33)(2+2)=3(2+2)3(2+2)
=6+32+23+6

ii. (3+33)3−3
Ans: (3+33)(3−3)
Applying distributive law,
(3+33)(3−3)=(3−3)+3(3−3)
=9−33+33−3
=6

iii. (5+2)2
Ans: (5+2)2
Applying the formula (a+b)2=a2+2ab+b2
(5+2)2=(5)2+2×5×2+(2)2
=5+210+2
=7+210

iv. (5+2)(5+2)
Ans: (5+2)(5+2)
Applying the formula (a−b)(a+b)=a2−b2
(5+2)(5+2)=(5)2−(2)2
=5−2
=3

8. Find
i. 932
Ans: We know that a1n=an,a>0
As a result, we can deduce that 932 can also be written as
(9)32=9×9×92=3×3×3×3×3×32
=3×3×3
=27
Therefore, the value of 932 will be 27.

ii. 3225
Ans: We know that a1n=an,a>0
As a result, we can deduce that 3225 can also be written as
(32)25=(2×2×2×2×2)(2×2×2×2×2)5
=2×2
=4
Therefore, the value of 3225 will be 4.

iii. 1634
Ans: We know that a1n=an,a>0
As a result, we can deduce that 1634 can also be written as
(16)34=(2×2×2×2)(2×2×2×2)(2×2×2×2)4
=2×2×2
& =8 $
Therefore, the value of 1634 will be 8.

iv. 125−13
Ans: We know that a−n=1an
As a result, we can deduce that 125−13 can also be written as
112513,or(1125)13
We know that a1n=an,a>0
11253=(15×15×15)3
=15
Therefore, the value of 125−13 will be 15.

9. Simplify
i. 223.215
Ans: We know that [Link]=a(m+n)
As a result, we can deduce that 223.215=(2)23+15
223.215=(2)10+315=(2)1315
Therefore, the value of 223.215 will be (2)1315.

ii. (313)7
Ans: We know that [Link]=a(m+n)
As a result, we can deduce that (313)7 can also be written as 373

iii. 11121114
Ans: We know that aman=a(m−n)
As a result, we can deduce that $\begin{align}
11121114=1112−1114
=112−14=1114
Therefore, the value of 11121114 will be 1114.

iv. 712.812
Ans: We know that [Link]=(a×b)m
As a result, we can deduce that 712.812=(7×8)12.
712.812=(7×8)12=(56)12.
Therefore, the value of 712.812 will be (56)12.

10. Express 0.8888.... in the form pq.

Ans: Let us assume that the given decimal as,
x=0.8888
x=0.8―......(1)
10x=10×0.8888 (Multiply both sides by 10)
10x=8.8888
10x=8.8―.....(2)
10x−x=8.8―−0.8― (Subtracting (1) from (2))
9x=8
x=89
11. Simplify by rationalizing denominator 7+357−35.
Ans: We are given the fraction to rationalize. By rationalizing the denominator
we get,
7+357−35=7+357−35×7+357+35
=(7+35)272−(35)2
=72+(35)2+2×7×3549−32×5
=49+9×5+42549−45
=49+45+4254
=94+4254
=944+4245
=472+2125

12. Simplify {[625−12]−14}2.

Ans: Let us take the given expression to simplify and using the exponents
formulas we get,
{[625−12]−14}2
={(162512)−14}2
={(1(252)12)−14}2(a−m=1am)
={(125)−14×2}
=(125−12)=1(52)−12=15−1=5

13. Visualize 3.76 on the number line using successive magnification.

Ans:
14. Prove that 11+xb−a+xc−a+11+xa−b+xc−b+11+xa−c+xb−c=1
Ans: We are asked to prove the expression,
11+xb−a+xc−a+11+xa−b+xc−b+11+xa−c+xb−c=1
Let us take the LHS of the given expression that is,
LHS=11+xb.x−a+xc.x−a+11+xa.x−b+xc.x−b+11+xa.x−c+xb.x−c
=1x−[Link]+xb.x−a+xc.x−a+1xb.x−b+xa.x−b+xc.x−b+1xc.x−c+xa.x−c+xb.x−
c
=1x−a(xa+xb+xc)+1x−b(xa+xb+xc)+1x−c(xa+xb+xc)
=xa(xa+xb+xc)+xb(xa+xb+xc)+xc(xa+xb+xc) =(xa+xb+xc)(xa+xb+xc)=1

15. Represent 3 on number line.

Ans: Consider a number line OD such that the construction to form two
triangles is done as shown below.
Take OA=AB=1 unit.
And ∠A=90∘
In ΔOAB, by using the Pythagorean theorem we get,
OB2=12+12
OB2=2
OB=2
Now from triangle Δ OBD, using the Pythagorean theorem we get,
OD2=OB2+BD2
OD2=(2)2+(1)1
OD2=2+1=3
OD=3
Now, if the point O is 0 units then the point D represents 3units.

16. Simplify (32+23)2(32−23)2.

Ans: We are given the expression as,
(32+23)2(32−23)2
Now, by regrouping the terms in the above expression we have,
=(32+23)(32+23)(32−23)(32−23)
=(32+23)(32−23)(32+23)(32−23)
=[(32)2−(23)2][(32)2−(23)2]
=[9×2−4×3][9×2−4×3]
=[18−12][18−12]
=6×6=36
17. Express 2.4178― in the form pq.
Ans: Let pq=2.4178―
pq=2.4178178178
Multiply by 10
10pq=24.178178
Multiply by 1000
10000pq=1000×24.178178
1000pq−pq=24178.178178−14.178178
9999pq=24154
pq=241549999

18. Simplify (27)−23÷912.3−32.

Ans: (27)−23÷912.3−32
=(3×3×3)−23×332(3×3)12[a−m=1am]
=(33)−23×332(32)12
=332−23=3−133
=1343=1813

19. Find three rational numbers between 2.2― and 2.3―.

Ans: The irrational numbers are the numbers that do not end after the decimal
point nor repeat its numbers in a sequence.
Representing the given numbers in decimal form we have,
2.2―=2.222222222......
2.3―=2.333333333.......
So any numbers between these two numbers that do not end nor repeat in
any sequence gives the required irrational numbers.
Three rational numbers between 2.2― and 2.3― are 2.222341365....,
2.28945187364.... and 2.2321453269....

20. Give an example of two irrational numbers whose

i. Sum is a rational number
Ans: The required two irrational numbers are 2+2 and 2−2
Sum 2+2+2−2=4 which is a rational number.

ii. Product is a rational number

Ans: The required two irrational numbers are 32 and 62
Product 32×62=18×2=36 which is rational.

iii. Quotient is a rational number

Ans: The required two irrational numbers are 2125 and 35
Quotient 212535=231255=23×5=103

21. If 2=1.414 and 3=1.732, find the value of 52+3.

Ans: First let us take the given expression and by rationalizing the
denominator we get,
52+3×2−32−3
5(2−3)(2)2−(3)2
=5(2−3)2−3
Now, substituting the required values of irrational numbers we get,
=−5[1.414−1.732]
=−5×−0.318
=1.59

22. Visualize 2.4646 on the number line using successive magnification.

Ans:
23. Rationalizing the denominator of 14+23.
Ans: First let us take the given expression and rationalizing the denominator
by multiplying the numerator and denominator with its conjugate we get,
14+23=14+23×4−234+23
=4−23(4)2−(23)2
=4−2316−(23)2
=4−2316−12
=4−234
=2(2−3)4
=2−32
24. Visualize the representation of 5.37― on the number line up to 3
decimal places.
Ans: The representation of 5.37― on the number line is given below:

25. Show that 52 is not a rational number.

Ans: Let us assume that 52 is a rational number.
Take x=52 , with xbeing rational as well.
Now,
x=52
⇒x5=2
Let us compare the terms in LHS and RHS.
In LHS, we havex5 , with x and 5 being rational numbers (Here x is rational,
based on our assumption). So x5 is a rational number.
In RHS, we have2, which is not a rational number, but an irrational number.
This is a contradiction, i.e. LHS≠RHS.
So, we can conclude that 52 is not a rational number.
26. Simplify 32503+7163−4543.
Ans: Let us first find the cube roots of given numbers to their simplest forms
by using the prime factorization then we get,
32503+7163−4543=35×5×5×23+72×2×2×23−43×3×3×23
=(3×523)+(7×223)−(4×323)
=(1523)+(1423)−(1223)
=(15+14−12)23
=1723
Thus, we get 32503+7163−4543=1723

27. Simplify 348−5213+43.

Ans: Let us first find the square roots of given numbers to their simplest forms
by using the prime factorization then we get,
348−5213+43=(32×2×2×2×3)−[52(13×33)]+(43)
=(3×2×23)−[52(33)]+(43)
=(123)−(536)+(43)
=(12−56+4)3
=(72−5+246)3
=9163
Thus, we get 348−5213+43=9163

28. If 17=0.142857―. Find the value of 27,37,47

Ans: It is given that – 17=0.142857―
Now,
(i) 27=2×17
=2×0.142857―
=0.285714―
⇒27=0.285714―

(ii) 37=3×17
=3×0.142857―
=0.428571―
⇒37=0.428571―

(iii) 47=4×17
=4×0.142857―
=0.571428―
⇒47=0.571428―

29. Find 6 rational numbers between 65 and 75

Ans: It is possible to divide the interval between 65 and 75 into 10 equal
parts.
Then we will have – 65,6.15,6.25,6.35,6.45,6.55,6.65,6.75,6.85,6.95,75
i.e. 6050,6150,6250,6350,6450,6550,6650,6750,6850,6950,7050
From these fractions, it is possible to choose 6 rational numbers between 65
and 75
Thus, 6 rational numbers between 65 and 75 are
6150,6250,6350,6450,6550,6650

30. Show how 4 can be represented on the number line.

Ans: Take AB=OA=1 unit on a number line.
Also, ∠A=90∘
In △OAB, apply Pythagoras Theorem,
∴OA2+AB2=OB2
⇒OB2=12+12
⇒OB2=1+1
⇒OB2=2
⇒OB=2
Now, draw OB=OA1=2
And, A1B1=1 unit with∠A1=90∘
In △OA1B1, apply Pythagoras Theorem,
∴OA12+A1B12=OB12
⇒OB12=(2)2+12
⇒OB12=2+1
⇒OB12=3
⇒OB1=3
Now, draw OB1=OA2=3
And, A2B2=1 unit with∠A2=90∘
In △OA2B2, apply Pythagoras Theorem,
∴OA22+A2B22=OB22
⇒OB22=(3)2+12
⇒OB22=3+1
⇒OB22=4
⇒OB2=4
Now, draw OB2=OA3=4
Thus line segment OA3=4

Short Answer Questions (4 Marks)

1. Write the following in decimal form and say what kind of decimal
expansion each has:
i. 36100
Ans: Performing long division of 36 by 100
0.36100)36―−0―360−300―600−600―0―
Thus, 36100=0.36 - this is a terminating decimal.
ii. 111
Ans: Performing long division of 1 by 11
0.0909..11) 1 ―−0―10−0―100−99―10−0―100−99―1
It can be seen that performing further division will produce a reminder of 1
continuously.
Thus, 111=0.09090... i.e. 111=0.09―, this is a non-terminating, but recurring
decimal.

iii. 418
Ans: First convert the mixed fraction into an improper fraction –
418=(4×8)+18=338
Performing long division of 33 by 8
4.1258) 33 ―−32―10−8―20−16―40−40―0
Thus, 418=4.125 - this is a terminating decimal.

iv. 313
Ans: Performing long division of 3 by 13
0.230769..13) 3 ―−0―30−26―40−39―10−0―100−91―90−78―120−117―3
It can be seen that performing further division will produce a reminder of 3
periodically, after every six divisions.
Thus, 313=0.230769... i.e. 313=0.230769―, this is a non-terminating, but
recurring decimal.

v. 211
Ans: Performing long division of 2 by 11
0.1818..11) 2 ―−0―20−11―90−88―20−11―90−88―2
It can be seen that performing further division will produce a reminder of
2followed by 9 alternatively.
Thus, 211=0.181818... i.e. 211=0.18―this is a non-terminating, but recurring
decimal.

vi. 329400
Ans: Performing long division of 33 by 8
0.8225400) 329 ―−0―3290−3200―900−800―1000−800―2000−2000―0
Thus, 329400=0.8225 - this is a terminating decimal.

2. Classify the following as rational or irrational:

i. 23
Ans: It is known that the root of 23 will produce a non-terminating and non-
recurring decimal number (it is not a perfect square value), also it cannot be
represented as a fraction. Thus we can say that 23 is an irrational number.

ii. 225
Ans: It is known that 225=15, which is an integer.
Thus 225 is a rational number.

iii. 0.3796
Ans: Here, 0.3796 is a terminating decimal number, and also it can be
expressed as a fraction.
i.e. 0.3796=379610000=9492500
Thus 0.3796 is a rational number.

iv. 7.478478...
Ans: Here, 7.478478... is a non-terminating, but recurring decimal number,
and also it can be expressed as a fraction.
i.e. 7.478478...=7.487―
Converting it into fraction
If x=7.478478... (1)
Then 1000x=7478.478478... (2)
Subtract equations (2)−(1)
1000x=7478.478478...
− x= 7.478478...―
999x=7471
Now, 999x=7471
⇒x=7471999
i.e. 7.478―=7471999
Thus 7.478478... is a rational number.

v. 1.101001000100001...
Ans: Here, 1.101001000100001... is a non-terminating and non-recurring
decimal number and also it cannot be represented as a fraction. Thus we can
say that 1.101001000100001... is an irrational number.

3. Rationalize the denominator of the following:

(i) 17
Ans: In order to rationalize the denominator, we multiply and divide 17 by 7
17×77=77
Rationalizing the denominator of 17 produces 77.

ii. 17−6
Ans: In order to rationalize the denominator, we multiply and divide 17−6 by
7+6
17−6×7+67+6=7+6(7−6)(7+6)
Using the identity - (a+b)(a−b)=a2−b2
=7+6(7)2−(6)2
=7+67−6
=7+61
⇒17−6=7+6
Rationalizing the denominator of 17−6 produces 7+6.

iii. 15+2
Ans: In order to rationalize the denominator, we multiply and divide 15+2 by
5−2
15+2×5−25−2=5−2(5+2)(5−2)
Using the identity - (a+b)(a−b)=a2−b2
=5−2(5)2−(2)2
=5−25−2
=5−23
⇒15+2=5−23
Rationalizing the denominator of 15+2 produces 5−23.

iv. 17−2
Ans: In order to rationalize the denominator, we multiply and divide 17−2 by
7+2
17−2×7+27+2=7+2(7−2)(7+2)
Using the identity - (a+b)(a−b)=a2−b2
=7+2(7)2−(2)2
=7+27−4
=7+23
⇒17+2=7+23
Rationalizing the denominator of 17−2 produces 7+23.

Long Answer Questions (5 Marks)

1. Write the following in decimal form and say what kind of decimal
expansion each has:
i. 36100
Ans: Performing long division of 36 by 100
0.36100)36―−0―360−300―600−600―0―
Thus, 36100=0.36 - this is a terminating decimal.

ii. 111
Ans: Performing long division of 1 by 11
0.0909..11) 1 ―−0―10−0―100−99―10−0―100−99―1
It can be seen that performing further division will produce a reminder of 1
continuously.
Thus, 111=0.09090... i.e. 111=0.09―, this is a non-terminating, but recurring
decimal.
iii. 418
Ans: First convert the mixed fraction into an improper fraction –
418=(4×8)+18=338
Performing long division of 33 by 8
4.1258) 33 ―−32―10−8―20−16―40−40―0
Thus, 418=4.125 - this is a terminating decimal.

iv. 313
Ans: Performing long division of 3 by 13
0.230769..13) 3 ―−0―30−26―40−39―10−0―100−91―90−78―120−117―3
It can be seen that performing further divisions will produce a reminder of 3
periodically, after every six divisions.
Thus, 313=0.230769... i.e. 313=0.230769―, this is a non-terminating, but
recurring decimal.

v. 211
Ans: Performing long division of 2 by 11
0.1818..11) 2 ―−0―20−11―90−88―20−11―90−88―2
It can be seen that performing further division will produce a reminder of
2followed by 9 alternatively.
Thus, 211=0.181818... i.e. 211=0.18―this is a non-terminating, but recurring
decimal.

vi. 329400
Ans: Performing long division of 33 by 8
0.8225400) 329 ―−0―3290−3200―900−800―1000−800―2000−2000―0
Thus, 329400=s0.8225 - this is a terminating decimal.

4. If 5=2.236 and 3=1.732. Find the value of 25+3+75−3.

Ans: It is given that –
5=2.236
3=1.732
Now, 25+3+75−3
Taking LCM
25+3+75−3=[2(5+3)×(5−3)(5−3)]+[7(5−3)×(5+3)(5+3)]
=[2(5−3)(5+3)(5−3)]+[7(5+3)(5−3)(5+3)]
=[(25−23)+(75+73)(5+3)(5−3)]
Using the identity - (a+b)(a−b)=a2−b2
=[25−23+75+73(5)2−(3)2]
=[(2+7)5+(7−2)35−3]
=[95+532]
Since, 5=2.236 and 3=1.732
=[(9×2.236)+(5×1.732)2]
=[20.124+8.662]
=[28.7842]
=14.392
Thus, 25+3+75−3=14.392

5. Find the value of 35+2+75−2, if 5=2.236 and 2=1.414.

Ans: It is given that –
 5=2.236
 2=1.414
Now, 35+2+75−2
Taking LCM
35+2+75−2=[3(5+2)×(5−2)(5−2)]+[7(5−2)×(5+2)(5+2)]
=[3(5−2)(5+2)(5−2)]+[7(5+2)(5−2)(5+2)]
=[(35−32)+(75+72)(5+2)(5−2)]
Using the identity - (a+b)(a−b)=a2−b2
=[35−32+75+72(5)2−(2)2]
=[(3+7)5+(7−3)25−2]
=[105+423]
Since, 5=2.236 and 2=1.414
=[(10×2.236)+(4×1.414)3]
=[22.36+5.6563]
=[28.0163]
Thus, 35+2+75−2=28.0163
6. Simplify 2+52−5+2−52+5
Ans: 2+52−5+2−52+5
Taking LCM
2+52−5+2−52+5=[2+52−5×(2+5)(2+5)]+[2−52+5×(2−5)(2−5)]
=[(2+5)(2+5)(2−5)(2+5)]+[(2−5)(2−5)(2+5)(2−5)]
=[(2+5)2+(2−5)2(2−5)(2+5)]
Using the identities –
 (a+b)(a−b)=a2−b2
 (a+b)2=a2+b2+2ab
 (a−b)2=a2+b2−2ab
=[((2)2+(5)2+(2×2×5))+((2)2+(5)2−(2×2×5))(2)2−(5)2]
=[(4+5+(45))+(4+5−(45))4−5]
=[9+9−1]
=[18−1]
=−18
Thus, 2+52−5+2−52+5=(−18)

7. Find a and b, if 3−63+26=a6−b

Ans: 3−63+26=a6−b
Here,
LHS=3−63+26
RHS=a6−b
Start by rationalizing the denominator in LHS
In order to rationalize the denominator, we multiply and divide 3−63+26 by
3+26
3−63+26×3−263−26=(3−6)(3−26)(3+26)(3−26)
Using the identity - (a+b)(a−b)=a2−b2
=(3×3)−(3×26)−(6×3)+(6×26)(3)2−(26)2
=(9)−(66)−(36)+(12)9−24
=(21)−(96)−15
=(21)−15−(96)−15
They are all divisible by 3
=−75+(36)5
Thus, LHS=356−75
Comparing with RHS, we get –
RHS=a6−b
Thus,
a=35
b=75