Addis Ababa Science and Technology University
Department of Electrical and computer engineering
1. A linearly polarized uniform plane wave traveling in the + z direction, with a power density of
10milliwatts per square meter, is incident upon a CW circularly polarized antenna whose gain is 10
dB at 10 GHz. Find the
(a) maximum effective area of the antenna (in square meters)
(b) power (in watts) that will be delivered to a load attached directly to the terminals of the antenna.
2. A hypothetical isotropic antenna is radiating in free-space. At a distance of 100 m from the
antenna, the total electric field (Eθ ) is measured to be 5 V/m. Find the
(a) power density (Wrad)
(b) power radiated (Prad)
3. Find the half-power beamwidth (HPBW) and first-null beamwidth (FNBW), in radians and degrees,
for the following normalized radiation intensities:
(a) U(θ) = cos θ (b) U(θ) = cos2θ (c) U(θ) = cos(2θ) (d) U(θ) = cos2(2θ)
(0 ≤ θ ≤ 90◦ , 0 ≤ φ ≤ 360◦ )
4. The radiation intensity of an antenna can be approximated by
U(θ, φ) = cos 4 (θ) 0◦ ≤ θ < 90◦
=0 90◦ ≤ θ ≤ 180◦ with 0◦ ≤ φ ≤ 360◦
Determine the maximum effective aperture (in m2) of the antenna if its frequency of operation is f 10
GHz.
5. The maximum radiation intensity of a 90% efficiency antenna is 200 mW/unit solid angle. Find the
directivity and gain (dimensionless and in dB) when the
(a) input power is 125.66 mW
(b) radiated power is 125.66mW
6. A base station cellular communication systems lossless antenna has a maximum gain of 16 dB (above
isotropic) at 1,900 MHz. Assuming the input power to the antenna is 8 watts, what is the maximum
radiated power density (in watts/cm 2 ) at a distance of 100 meters? This will determine the safe
level for human exposure to electromagnetic radiation.
7. A λ/2 dipole, with a total loss resistance of 1 ohm, is connected to a generator whose internal
impedance is 50 + j25 ohms. Assuming that the peak voltage of the generator is 2 V and the impedance
of the dipole, excluding the loss resistance, is 73 + j42.5 ohms, find the power
(a) supplied by the source (real)
Antenna and radio wave propagation
Tutorial questions
Addis Ababa Science and Technology University
Department of Electrical and computer engineering
(b) radiated by the antenna
(c) dissipated by the antenna
8 . An antenna with a radiation resistance of 48 ohms, a loss resistance of 2 ohms, and a reactance of 50
ohms is connected to a generator with open-circuit voltage of 10 V and internal impedance of 50 ohms
via a λ/4-long transmission line with characteristic impedance of 100 ohms.
(a) Draw the equivalent circuit
(b) Determine the power supplied by the generator
(c) Determine the power radiated by the antenna
9. A 1-m long dipole antenna is driven by a 150 MHz source having a source resistance of 50 ohms and a
voltage of 100 V. If the ohmic resistance of the antennas is given by R L = 0.625 ohms, find the:
(a) Current going into the antenna (Iant)
(b) Power dissipated by the antenna
(c) Power radiated by the antenna
(d) Radiation efficiency of the antenna
10. An antenna has a maximum effective aperture of 2.147 m2 at its operating frequency of 100
MHz. It has no conduction or dielectric losses. The input impedance of the antenna itself is 75
ohms, and it is connected to a 50-ohm transmission line. Find the directivity of the antenna system
(“system” meaning includes any effects of connection to the transmission line). Assume no
polarization losses.
10. Transmitting and receiving antennas operating at 1 GHz with gains of 20 and 15 dB, respectively, are
separated by a distance of 1 km. Find the power delivered to the load when the input power is 150 W.
Antenna and radio wave propagation
Tutorial questions