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IGCSE Biology: Chromosomes & Genes Quiz

The document contains practice questions for Cambridge IGCSE Grade 10 Biology, focusing on chromosomes, genes, and proteins. It includes 30 multiple-choice questions and 10 essay questions that cover topics such as cell division, genetic information, DNA structure, protein synthesis, and genetic variation. The questions aim to assess students' understanding of key biological concepts related to genetics.

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9 views5 pages

IGCSE Biology: Chromosomes & Genes Quiz

The document contains practice questions for Cambridge IGCSE Grade 10 Biology, focusing on chromosomes, genes, and proteins. It includes 30 multiple-choice questions and 10 essay questions that cover topics such as cell division, genetic information, DNA structure, protein synthesis, and genetic variation. The questions aim to assess students' understanding of key biological concepts related to genetics.

Uploaded by

deviratna.id
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Chapter 16: Chromosomes, Genes and Proteins

Practice Questions
Cambridge IGCSE – Grade 10 Biology

Multiple Choice Questions (30 Questions)


1. 1. What is the structure that carries genetic information in the nucleus?

 A. Ribosome
 B. Chromosome
 C. Cell membrane
 D. Mitochondrion

2. 2. How many chromosomes are found in a human diploid cell?

 A. 23
 B. 46
 C. 92
 D. 24

3. 3. What type of cell division produces genetically identical daughter cells?

 A. Mitosis
 B. Meiosis
 C. Fertilization
 D. Binary fission

4. 4. Which process produces gametes?

 A. Mitosis
 B. Meiosis
 C. Cloning
 D. Budding

5. 5. What is the function of meiosis?

 A. Growth
 B. Tissue repair
 C. Formation of gametes
 D. Asexual reproduction

6. 6. Which statement about genes is correct?

 A. They are made of proteins.


 B. They are found in ribosomes.
 C. They determine inherited characteristics.
 D. They are only present in gametes.

7. 7. A gene occupies a specific position on a chromosome called a:

 A. Locus
 B. Spindle
 C. Allele
 D. Chromatid

8. 8. Which term describes the alternative forms of a gene?

 A. Loci
 B. Alleles
 C. Traits
 D. Genotypes

9. 9. A person with two identical alleles for a characteristic is:

 A. Heterozygous
 B. Homozygous
 C. Dominant
 D. Recessive

10. 10. Which of the following represents a heterozygous genotype?

 A. AA
 B. Aa
 C. aa
 D. BB

11. 11. The physical expression of a gene is called:

 A. Genotype
 B. Phenotype
 C. Chromosome
 D. Gamete

12. 12. In humans, the sex chromosomes of a female are:

 A. XY
 B. YY
 C. XX
 D. XO

13. 13. Which parent determines the sex of the child?

 A. Mother
 B. Father
 C. Both parents
 D. Neither

14. 14. Which is a feature of meiosis but not mitosis?

 A. It produces haploid cells.


 B. It produces diploid cells.
 C. It results in identical cells.
 D. It is used for tissue growth.

15. 15. What does the term “diploid” mean?

 A. One set of chromosomes


 B. Two sets of chromosomes
 C. Half the number of chromosomes
 D. Three sets of chromosomes

16. 16. What is the total number of chromosomes in a human gamete?

 A. 23
 B. 46
 C. 22
 D. 44

17. 17. Which molecule carries the genetic code?

 A. Protein
 B. RNA
 C. DNA
 D. Enzyme

18. 18. What shape is the DNA molecule?

 A. Double helix
 B. Straight chain
 C. Spiral staircase
 D. Circular loop

19. 19. Which base always pairs with adenine in DNA?

 A. Cytosine
 B. Guanine
 C. Thymine
 D. Uracil

20. 20. Which base pairs with cytosine?


 A. Adenine
 B. Guanine
 C. Thymine
 D. Uracil

21. 21. Which process copies DNA into mRNA?

 A. Replication
 B. Translation
 C. Transcription
 D. Mutation

22. 22. Where does transcription occur?

 A. Ribosome
 B. Cytoplasm
 C. Nucleus
 D. Cell membrane

23. 23. Where does translation occur?

 A. Nucleus
 B. Ribosome
 C. Vacuole
 D. Cell wall

24. 24. What determines the sequence of amino acids in a protein?

 A. The DNA base sequence


 B. The type of cell
 C. The number of chromosomes
 D. The amount of cytoplasm

25. 25. What are the building blocks of proteins?

 A. Sugars
 B. Nucleotides
 C. Amino acids
 D. Fatty acids

26. 26. What happens when a gene is expressed?

 A. It is deleted from DNA


 B. It produces its protein
 C. It stops functioning
 D. It mutates

27. 27. Which of the following cells are haploid?


 A. Skin cells
 B. Muscle cells
 C. Egg cells
 D. Liver cells

28. 28. What is a stem cell?

 A. A specialised nerve cell


 B. A cell that cannot divide
 C. An unspecialised cell that can become other types
 D. A dead cell

29. 29. What is the result of a mutation in DNA?

 A. No change in protein production


 B. Always beneficial
 C. A change in the protein produced
 D. Formation of identical cells

30. 30. Which of the following is a sex-linked disorder?

 A. Sickle cell anaemia


 B. Colour blindness
 C. Malaria
 D. Cystic fibrosis

Essay Questions (10 Questions)


1. Explain the difference between mitosis and meiosis.

2. Describe how the structure of DNA allows it to carry genetic information.

3. Define the terms gene, allele, genotype, and phenotype.

4. Explain why meiosis causes genetic variation among offspring.

5. Describe the process of protein synthesis, including transcription and translation.

6. How does the sequence of bases in DNA determine the sequence of amino acids in a
protein?

7. Explain how sex-linked inheritance works using colour blindness as an example.

8. What are stem cells and why are they important in medicine?

9. Describe how a mutation can affect protein function.

10. Explain why all cells in an organism contain the same DNA but perform different
functions.

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