1. Explain the current keys issue in supply chain management.

 Quality Customer Service. The supply chain management is centralized on the needs of the
customers.
 Costing.
 Risk Management.
 Supplier Relationship.
 Qualified Personnel.
 Unforeseen Delays.
 Fast-Changing Markets.

2. Discuss the factors that make Supply chain management a complex one.

The supply chain is a complex system

This is very similar to supply chain processes. Here we also have particular “players” like
procurement, production, distribution or sales, which do not work as stand-alone
processes. The players are complemented by external factors like the market, customers
and suppliers.

A classic example is procurement aiming for low stock levels, while the sales department
wants to guarantee a high service level for their customers. Transferred to the soccer
image, the defense would be guarding their own penalty box,

The basic conditions have changed

Besides partly contradicting goals within the internal supply chain, there are external
factors which further complicate planning, such as fluctuating demand, changing
customer expectations and higher cost pressure through increasingly globalized
competition.
 [Link] various performance measurements to be considered by supply chain.

Supply chain performance measure can be defined as an approach to judge the performance of
supply chain system. Supply chain performance measures can broadly be classified into two
categories −
 Qualitative measures − For example, customer satisfaction and product quality.
 Quantitative measures − For example, order-to-delivery lead time, supply chain
response time, flexibility, resource utilization, delivery performance.
Here, we will be considering the quantitative performance measures only. The performance of a
supply chain can be improvised by using a multi-dimensional strategy, which addresses how the
company needs to provide services to diverse customer demands.

Quantitative Measures

Mostly the measures taken for measuring the performance may be somewhat similar to each
other, but the objective behind each segment is very different from the other.
Quantitative measures is the assessments used to measure the performance, and compare or
track the performance or products. We can further divide the quantitative measures of supply
chain performance into two types. They are −

 Non-financial measures
 Financial measures
 [Link] the strategic decision areas in SCM.

Supply chain management operates at three levels: strategic, tactical, and operational. At the
strategic level, company management makes high-level strategic supply chain decisions that are
relevant to whole organizations.

The decisions that are made with regards to the supply chain should reflect the overall corporate
strategy that the organization is following.

The strategic supply chain processes that management has to decide upon will cover the breadth
of the supply chain. These include product development, customers, manufacturing, vendors, and
logistics.

 Product Development

 Customers

 Manufacturing

 Suppliers

 Logistics

[Link] legal accepts of supply chain management

Need of Legal Aspects in SCM

1. Purchasing and manufacturing costs –

2. calculations and control depending on local
3. laws and applicable acts.
4. Stiff global competition.
5. Changes in laws from country-to-country.
6. Effect on delivery and transportation time
7. considering the local and international laws.
8. Pollution control laws and norms in country.
1. Explain the following statement “A Warehouse should merely consist of walls
enclosing an efficient handling system?
warehouse describes a facility where it served the purpose of storing goods. In
ecommerce, warehouses are mainly used to keep items on stock to make sure the short
delivery times needed can be fulfilled. Obviously, there are many other uses for
warehouses outside of ecommerce. Just think of production warehouses with parts or
warehouses to serve as a buffer between production and expedition. Whatever the use of
a warehouse, they all follow the same principle of inbound-storage-outbound processes:
stuff comes in, is stored, and goes out again.
 2. List the various factors to be considered for warehouses it’s selection?

 Rent Rates & Taxes.

 Workforce Availability, Labor Skills & Costs.
 Roads, Highways & Traffic Flow.
 Proximity to Airport, Railway Stations & Ports.
 Markets & Local Environment Factors.
 Building Availability & Utility Costs.

[Link] about the Customer service logistics and third party logistics.

To many, the definition of third party logistics services or the definition of 3PL, is rather fuzzy
and can be ambiguous as there are many definitions, depending on who you ask. Some say “all
or a significant part”, while others say “at least one part.”

However, in our opinion, the best explanation of third party logistics services is probably a
combination of those two notions, as third party logistics providers are businesses that provide
one or many of the following third party logistics services:

 Transportation or Freight Management (including technology, freight accounting, and

services around claims) – Cerasis would fit in these types of services.

 Public/Contract Warehousing

 Distribution Management

 Freight Consolidation
 4Classify the steps involved in Strategy – planning in logistics and supply chain.

Different supply chain strategies

 Triple A Supply Chain.
 Developing Efficient Supply Chain Solutions for Global Businesses.
 Importance of Reverse Logistics Practices for Online Retailers.
 Reverse Logistics – Vital for The Competitive Business Environment.
 Improve Customer Satisfaction and Retention with Retail Fulfillment Solutions.
The 5 essential stages in developing a successful supply chain
 Stage 1: Plan. Planning involves a wide range of activities.
 Stage 2: Source. This aspect of supply chain management involves organizing the procurement
of raw materials and components. ...
 Stage 3: Make.
 Stage 4: Deliver.
 Stage 5: Return.

[Link] in detail about Material handling transportation system and Total

distribution concept.

Material handling involves short-distance movement within the confines of a

building or between a building and a transportation vehicle. It uses a wide range of manual,
semi-automated, and automated equipment and includes consideration of the protection,
storage, and control of materials throughout their manufacturing, warehousing, distribution,
consumption, and disposal. Material handling can be used to create time and place
utility through the handling, storage, and control of waste, as distinct from manufacturing,
which creates form utility by changing the shape, form, and makeup of material
 [Link] the key factors to be considered when designing a distribution network.?

 Response time.
 Product variety.
 Product availability.
 Customer experience.
 Order visibility.
 Returnability.

[Link] the strengths and weaknesses of various distribution options.?

The first and foremost advantage of supply chain management is that it helps the company in
achieving cost efficiency because it can lower various costs like transportation costs,
warehousing, packaging costs, reduces wastage by timely delivery of goods and so on which
ultimately helps the company in achieving cost ..
Strengths
Cost Efficiency
Helpful in Identifying Problem Areas
Customer Delight
weaknesses

Lack of Coordination between Various Departments

Complicated
Trained and Professional Staff
3. Discuss a framework for making network design decisions.
4. Discover the key performance metrics for information and discuss its role in
creating strategic fit between the supply chain strategy and the competitive
strategy?
 5. List the factors that influence the required level of safety inventory.

Six Factors Affecting Inventory Management

 Financial Factors. Factors such as the cost of borrowing money to stock enough inventory can
greatly influence inventory management.
 Suppliers. Suppliers can have a huge influence on inventory control.
 Lead Time.
 Product Type.
 Management.
 External Factors
1. Discuss the 10 Steps of the Procurement Cycle.

Management in any company must understand the art of obtaining products and services. The
procurement cycle follows specific steps for identifying a requirement or need of the company
through the final step of the award of the product or contract. Responsible management of public
and corporate funds is vital when handling this necessary process, whether in strong or weak
economic markets. Following a proven step-by-step technique will help management
successfully achieve its goals.

Step 1: Need Recognition

Step 2: Specific Need
Step 3: Source Options
Step 4: Price and Terms
Step 5: Purchase Order
Step 6: Delivery
Step 7: Expediting
Step 8: Receipt and Inspection of Purchases
Step 9: Invoice Approval and Payment
Step 10: Record Maintenance
2. Explain about the design collaboration with customers.

Collaboration with customers is as important as collaboration with other designers and team
members. At Savvy, we keep our customer involved throughout the creation of their product. We
take our time to explain options and have discussions with the customer to make sure we understand
their thoughts
[Link] the pricing and revenue management for multiple customer segments.
Pricing is a factor that gears up profits in supply chain through an appropriate match of supply
and demand. Revenue management can be defined as the application of pricing to increase the
profit produced from a limited supply of supply chain assets.
Ideas from revenue management recommend that a company should first use pricing to
maintain balance between the supply and demand and should think of further investing or
eliminating assets only after the balance is maintained.
The assets in supply chain are present in two forms, namely capacity and Inventory
Capacity assets in the supply chain are present for manufacturing, shipment, and storage while
inventory assets are present within the supply chain and are carried to develop and improvise
product availability.
Thus, we can further define revenue management as the application of differential pricing on
the basis of customer segment, time of use and product or capacity availability to increment
supply chain surplus.
Revenue management plays a major role in supply chain and has a share of credit in the
profitability of supply chain when one or more of the following conditions exist –
  The product value differs in different market segments.
 The product is highly perishable or product tends to be defective.
 Demand has seasonal and other peaks.
 The product is sold both in bulk and the spot market.

[Link] the pricing and revenue management for Perishable assets.

Any asset that loses its value in due course of time is considered as a perishable item, for
example, all fruits, vegetables and pharmaceuticals. We can also include computers, cell
phones, fashion apparels, etc.; whatever loses its value after the launch of new model is
considered as perishable.
We use two approaches for perishable assets in the revenue management. These approaches are

 Fluctuate cost over time to maximize expected revenue.

 Overbook sales of the assets to cope or deal with cancellations.
The first approach is highly recommended for goods like fashion apparels that have a precise
date across which they lose a lot of their value; for example, apparel designed for particular
season doesn’t have much value in the end of the season. The manufacturer should try using
effective pricing strategy and predict the effect of rate on customer demand to increase total
profit. Here the general trade-off is to demand high price initially and allow the remaining
products to be sold later at lower price. The alternate method may be charging lower price
initially, selling more products early in the season and then leaving fewer products to be sold at a
discount.
[Link] the guidelines for pricing and revenue management.

Revenue Management is the application of analytics that predicts consumer behavior at the
micro-market level to optimize. product availability and price to maximize revenue growth. The
primary aim of a revenue management strategy is selling the right product to the right customer
at the right time for the right price.
 1. Discuss the role of Information technology in a supply chain management.
A new generation of shopping options through eCommerce and mCommerce has made
supply chain management a vital area of concern for many businesses. It is particularly
critical for manufacturing companies, which are heavily dependent on the supply chain
partners to deliver their products. Manufacturers, suppliers, retailers, shippers and
distributors are the major stakeholders in the supply chain of manufacturing companies,
which ends with product delivery to the customer. With an increasing emphasis on
technological advancements, as well as the changes in customer expectations, the need
for an integrated supply management has become increasingly important. For
manufacturing companies to build substantial customer bases, digitization of business
processes has become more of a necessity than a value-add proposition. This has
increased the requirement for creating a digital environment that seamlessly integrates the
operations carried out by various entities in the supply chain. Technological
advancements now enable businesses to build end-to-end supply chain solutions that
speed up processes and avoid bottlenecks in the supply chain. Interestingly enough, real
time or near real time information is the key factor in supply chain management.

[Link] the supply chain in information technology in frame work.

The topic of supply chain management (SCM) is complex to understand because it

encompasses many different flows of activities, components, functions, and role-players. The
literature is scattered across multiple functions, varies in scope, and is often confined to certain
elements within SCM. This article aims to provide a literature overview of SCM. It is
explained with the aid of a newly-developed framework of understanding that offers a
graphical representation of the term. It unifies and condenses different components within
SCM and shows the relationship between them. The framework was developed by identifying
the main themes in the definitions for SCM, examining existing categorisations and
frameworks in SCM, and analysing frameworks in other disciplines. The outcome of this
article can be used as a guide to explain and orientate researchers and practitioners in the field.
[Link] about bullwhip effect in supply chain management.

The bullwhip effect is a distribution channel phenomenon in which forecasts yield supply
chain inefficiencies. It refers to increasing swings in inventory in response to shifts in customer
demand as one moves further up the supply chain.
4. List out the merits and demerits for supply chain performance.

1. List out the merits and demerits for supply chain performance.
5. Discuss about E business and supply chain management?

E-Business has emerged as a key enabler to drive supply chain integration. Businesses can
use the Internet to gain global visibility across their extended network of trading partners and
help them respond quickly to changing customer demand captured over the Internet