University of Technology - BAHRAIN
Salmabad, Kingdom of Bahrain
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
_√ 1st Tri, 2nd Tri, _ 3rd Tri, 2024-2025
CENG611/CSCI533 - Data Communication and Networking 1
Student name Student ID
Lab Report 1
Network Commands and Network Devices
Objectives:
1. Be familiar with basic networking commands in Windows.
2. Determine the different types of network devices.
3. Identify the network cable types and their uses.
Instructions:
A. Network Commands
1. Open the Windows command prompt (cmd).
2. Type the following commands. Describe what happens when each of these commands
are entered.
a. Ping [host]
b. Ipconfig
c. Getmac
d. Hostname
e. Nslookup
f. Tracert
g. Netstat
h. Arp -a
i. Pathping
j. Systeminfo
3. Which command/s is suited to the following use cases?
a. To display the detailed list of configuration information about your computer.
b. Get the information about network latency and network loss at intermediate hops
between a source and destination.
c. Show tables that are used to store IP addresses and their resolved Ethernet physical
addresses.
d. displays active TCP connections, ports on which the computer is listening, Ethernet
statistics, the IP routing table, IPv4 statistics, and IPv6 statistics.
e. trace the route a data packet takes before reaching its destination, displaying
information on each hop along the route.
f. displays information that you can use to diagnose Domain Name System (DNS)
infrastructure.
g. Display the current name of your computer.
h. Determine the MAC address
i. displays basic IP address configuration information for the Windows device you are
working on.
j. test the reachability of a device on a network.
Edited by Dr. Hani Al-Balasmeh
University of Technology - BAHRAIN
Salmabad, Kingdom of Bahrain
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
_ 1st Tri, 2nd Tri, _√ 3rd Tri, 2023-2024
CENG611/CSCI533 - Data Communication and Networking 1
B. Network Devices and Peripherals.
Read the functions of each network device.
Open Cisco Packet Tracer.
Design a simple network infrastructure for a small office or home network.
a. Firewall. A firewall is a network security device that monitors and either blocks or
allows traffic based on a set of rules. Firewalls can be software, hardware, or a
combination of both. Additionally, the rules firewalls use can be based on
something straightforward like ports and IP addresses or use heuristics to identify
malicious behavior.
b. Switch. The switch is a network device that connects other devices to Ethernet
networks through twisted pair cables. It uses packet-switching techniques to receive,
store, and forward data packets on the network. Theswitch maintains a list of network
addresses of all connected devices.
c. Routers. Routers help transmit packets to their destinations by charting a path
through the sea of interconnected networking devices using different network
Edited by Dr. Hani Al-Balasmeh
University of Technology - BAHRAIN
Salmabad, Kingdom of Bahrain
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
_ 1st Tri, 2nd Tri, _√ 3rd Tri, 2023-2024
CENG611/CSCI533 - Data Communication and Networking 1
topologies. Routers are intelligent devices, and they store information about the
networks they’re connected to.
d. Bridges are used to connect two or more hosts or network segments together. The
basic role of bridges in network architecture is storing and forwarding frames
between the different segments that the bridge connects. They use hardware Media
Access Control (MAC) addresses for transferring frames. By looking at the MAC
address of the devices connected to each segment, bridges can forward the data or
block it from crossing. Bridges can also be used to connect two physical LANs into
a larger logical LAN.
e. Gateway. is a network device used to connect two or more dissimilar networks.
Gateway uses packet switching technique to transmit data from one
network to another. In this way it is similar to a router, the only difference being
router can transmit data only over networks that use same protocols.
Edited by Dr. Hani Al-Balasmeh
University of Technology - BAHRAIN
Salmabad, Kingdom of Bahrain
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
_ 1st Tri, 2nd Tri, _√ 3rd Tri, 2023-2024
CENG611/CSCI533 - Data Communication and Networking 1
A gateway can also be configured completely using software. As networks connect
to a different network through gateways, these gateways are usually hosts or end
points of the network.
Gateways provide translation between networking technologies such as Open
System Interconnection (OSI) and Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
(TCP/IP). Because of this, gateways connect two or more autonomous networks,
each with its own routing algorithms, protocols, topology, domain name service,
and network administration procedures and policies.
Gateways perform all of the functions of routers and more. In fact, a router with
added translation functionality is a gateway. The function that does the translation
between different network technologies is called a protocol converter.
Cisco 1100 Terminal Services Gateway
f. Modem. Modems (modulators-demodulators) are used to transmit digital signals
over analog telephone lines. Thus, digital signals are converted by the modem into
analog signals of different frequencies and transmitted to a modem at the receiving
location. The receiving modem performs the reverse transformation and provides a
digital output to a device connected to a modem, usually a computer. The digital
data is usually transferred to or from the modem over a serial line through an
industry standard interface, RS-232. Many telephone companies offer DSL
services, and many cable operators use modems as end terminals for identification
and recognition of home and personal users. Modems work on both the Physical
and Data Link layers.
Edited by Dr. Hani Al-Balasmeh
University of Technology - BAHRAIN
Salmabad, Kingdom of Bahrain
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
_ 1st Tri, 2nd Tri, _√ 3rd Tri, 2023-2024
CENG611/CSCI533 - Data Communication and Networking 1
g. Repeater. A repeater is an electronic device that amplifies the signal it receives.
You can think of repeater as a device which receives a signal and retransmits it at
a higher level or higher power so that the signal can cover longer distances, more
than 100 meters for standard LAN cables. Repeaters work on the Physical layer.
Edited by Dr. Hani Al-Balasmeh
University of Technology - BAHRAIN
Salmabad, Kingdom of Bahrain
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
_ 1st Tri, 2nd Tri, _√ 3rd Tri, 2023-2024
CENG611/CSCI533 - Data Communication and Networking 1
h. Access Point. While an access point (AP) can technically involve either a wired or
wireless connection, it commonly means a wireless device. An AP works at the
second OSI layer, the Data Link layer, and it can operate either as a bridge
connecting a standard wired network to wireless devices or as a router passing data
transmissions from one access point to another.
Wireless APs are used in larger businesses and venues, where many APs are
required to provide service–for example, to cover a bigger area or to support
thousands of [Link] access points (WAPs) consist of a transmitter
and receiver (transceiver) device used to create a wireless LAN (WLAN).
Access points typically are separate network devices with a built-in antenna,
transmitter and adapter. APs use the wireless infrastructure network mode to
provide a connection point between WLANs and a wired Ethernet LAN.
They also have several ports, giving you a way to expand the network to
support additional clients.
i. RJ45 Connector
RJ45 is the acronym for Registered Jack 45. RJ45 connector is an 8-pin jack used by
devices to physically connect to Ethernet based local area networks (LANs). Ethernet
is a technology that defines protocols for establishing a LAN. The cable used for
Ethernet LANs are twisted pair ones and have RJ45 connector pins at both ends. These
pins go into the corresponding socket on devices and connect the device to thenetwork.
j. Ethernet Card
Ethernet card, also known as network interface card (NIC), is a hardware
component used by computers to connect to Ethernet LAN and communicate with
Edited by Dr. Hani Al-Balasmeh
University of Technology - BAHRAIN
Salmabad, Kingdom of Bahrain
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
_ 1st Tri, 2nd Tri, _√ 3rd Tri, 2023-2024
CENG611/CSCI533 - Data Communication and Networking 1
other devices on the LAN. The earliest Ethernet cards were external to the system
and needed to be installed manually. In modern computer systems, it is an internal
hardware component. The NIC has RJ45 socket where network cable is physically
plugged in.
k. Cables
Straight through vs crossover cable, which one should I choose? Usually, straight
through cables are primarily used for connecting unlike devices. And crossover
cables are use for connecting alike devices.
Edited by Dr. Hani Al-Balasmeh
University of Technology - BAHRAIN
Salmabad, Kingdom of Bahrain
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
_ 1st Tri, 2nd Tri, _√ 3rd Tri, 2023-2024
CENG611/CSCI533 - Data Communication and Networking 1
Notes:
- Type your answers on the same report.
Edited by Dr. Hani Al-Balasmeh