ALTERNATING CURRENTS
GIST : Relation between average, peak and RMS value of current and voltage, AC applied to Resistance, Induction
and Capacitance, Impedance of Series LCR Circuit, power in AC, Power factor.
1. The instantaneous current and voltage of an a.c. circuit are given by i = 10 sin 300 t A and V = 200 sin 300 t
V. What is the power dissipation in the circuit? (1000 Watt)
2. The instantaneous current and voltage of an a.c. circuit are given by I = 10 sin 314t. A and
V = 50 sin (314t+π / 2) V. Find power in the circuit. (0)
3. Figure shows the variation of alternating EMF with time what is the average value of the EMF for the shaded
part of the graph. (200V)
4. An inductor L of reactance XL is connected in series with bulb to an AC source as shown in figure briefly
explain how does the brightness of the bulb change when (i) number of turns of the inductor is reduced and
(ii) a capacitor of reactance XL = Xc included in series in the same circuit. (current increase bulb glows more
bright, current become maximum bulb glows maximum brightness)
5. Frequency of AC is doubled how do R, XL and Xc get affected.
6. Capacitor blocks DC why?
7. For very high frequency AC supply a capacitor behave like a pure conductor why?
8. Show that inductor offers an easy path to DC at a resistive path to AC.
9. What is the maximum and minimum value of power factor when does it occur.
10. An inductor 200 mH, capacitor 500 µF, resistor 10 Ω are connected in series with a 100 V variable frequency
a.c. source. Calculate the
(i) frequency at which the power factor of the circuit is unity (50 / π Hz)
(ii) current amplitude at this frequency (14.14 A)
11. Calculate the rms value of ac shown in the figure. (2 A)
12. The effective value of current in 50 cycle ac is 5 A. What is the value of current 1/300 seconds after it was
zero. (6.123 A)
13. A 100 ohms iron is connected to 220V, 50 Hz ac find peak PD, average PD and rms current. (311V, 198V,
2.2A)
14. When an inductor is connected to 200 volt DC voltage a current of 1 ampere flows through it when the
same inductor is connected to 200 Volt, 50 hertz ac source only 0.5 ampere current flows explain why? Also
calculate self-inductance of the inductor.
15. In the given circuit the potential difference across inductor L and resistor R are 120 volt and 90 volt
respectively and the RMS value of current is 3 A. Calculate (i) impedance of the circuit and
(ii) Phase angle between voltage and current.
16. A resistor of 200 ohms and capacitor of 15 µF are connected in series to 220 volt 50 hertz AC source.
Calculate current in the circuit and voltage across resistor and capacitor. Is the algebraic sum of these
voltages more than source voltage, if yes resolve the paradox?
17. Figure shows how the reactance of an inductor varies with frequency. (i) calculate value of inductance of the
inductor using information given in the graph. (ii) if this inductor is connected in series to a resistor of 8
ohms, find what would be the impedance at 300 Hertz? (L = 1 / 100π, 10 ohms)
18. An AC circuit consist of series combination of circuit elements X and Y the current is ahead of voltage in
phase of π / 4. If element X is a pure resistor of 100 ohm. (i) Name the circuit element Y and
(ii) Calculate the RMS value of current. If RMS value of voltage is 141 volt. (iii)What will happen if the AC
sources replaced by DC source.
19. A 25 µ F capacitor, 0.1 0 H inductor and a 25 ohm resistor are connected in series with an AC source whose
EMF is equal to 310 Sin314 t volts. Find (i) Frequency of EMF (ii) Reactance of the circuit
(iii) Impedance of the circuit (iv) Current in the circuit (v) Phase angle of the current by which it leads or legs
the applied EMF(vi) Expression for instantaneous value of current in the circuit (vii) Effective voltages across
capacitor, inductor and resistor.
20. The variation of inductive reactance (XL) of an inductor with frequency (f) of ac source of 100 volt and
variable frequency is shown (i) Calculate self-inductance of the inductor (ii) When this inductor is used in
series with a capacitor of unknown value and a resistor of 10 ohm at 300 per second maximum power
dissipation occurs in the circuit. Calculate capacitance of the capacitor. (1/10 π, 8.84 µF)
21. An alternating voltage E = 200 sin 300 t is applied across a series combination of R = 10 ohms and L= 800 m
H. Calculate (i) impedance of the circuit (ii) peak voltage of current in the circuit (iii) power factor of the
circuit. (Z = 240.2 Ώ, I0 = 0.832 A, P factor = 0.041)
22. When a circuit element ‘X’ is connected across and ac source a current √2 A flows through it and this current
is in phase with applied voltage when another element ‘Y’ is connected across the same AC source the same
current flows in the circuit but it leads the voltage by π / 2 radians. (i) name the circuit element X and Y. (ii)
find the current that flows in the circuit when series combination of X and Y is connected across the same
AC voltage. (X resistor, Y capacitor, I = 1 A)
23. Three Students X, Y, Z performed an experiment for studying the variation of alternating current with
angular frequency in series LCR circuit and obtain the graph shown below the all used AC source of same
RMS value and inductances of same value. What can be concluded about (i) capacitance values
(ii) resistances is used by them. (all capacitance values are equal, Rx < Ry < Rz)