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Microprocessor

The document discusses microprocessors and microcontrollers, detailing their architectures, functionalities, and various types. It highlights the differences between microprocessors and microcontrollers, emphasizing their roles in embedded systems. Additionally, it covers specific microcontroller features, including memory organization and input/output port configurations.

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ruthikaruthika369
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12 views44 pages

Microprocessor

The document discusses microprocessors and microcontrollers, detailing their architectures, functionalities, and various types. It highlights the differences between microprocessors and microcontrollers, emphasizing their roles in embedded systems. Additionally, it covers specific microcontroller features, including memory organization and input/output port configurations.

Uploaded by

ruthikaruthika369
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
tofa = Niexo processor Micsoprocessox isan Inkequated cixcuit hat ‘contains alt the June Compute y + RAM, ROM, T, —? be d > fo Rettnclc loge unit CAL) Lions of a Centval processing oni Exe xrkel x86, ~~ Motorola 6¢0x0, Pewbiure Series, Corveta is 1% MicRopRocessoR => Micro controller a j AV wicroconksaller he a. Small Computes on ee vist \eteqratedl lscuik chi p. . > cpey on-chig RAM, Rom, lo ports, timers, Sevial Comm. Qosts , ee . Ex. Motovelas cet, intels O51, Bilog’s 28 and PIC 1¢x, Msf “30, ARm MicRocon TROLLE R Toi tiene it” i —————_ . » Mieroprocesso¢ | i de Micsocontelley aetoProcessor / oll — Cpu ts Stand-alones |? ceu,eam, vom, t/, RAM, Rom, F[o, Limey ote Separate —7 hess nev Can clecide og — fad 7. the amount of Rom, RAM and mer ave all on a pets chp on-chip Rom, RAM @ scanned with OKEN Scanner and to pow so ports | > ekpansive — foe, applications tn shin Cost, power and s hace OG 4’ cxieal ~ (erst pepe, “| Seale Ie perpose eS = Tes ob of Wi Crvoconkyoll evs Annes Gis Meworg [Devices Trsbw ction se Memon Ach: t Ris Ewbedded Gites Rise cise cet Lovatl Haver prin Sosy Motewla ple Hila oTeygy ARM. , Dthevs “Inte rhips Atmel Siemens Ballas Werner PeechleclsreB ys 7 \Jon- Neumann-Aychitectuve PLD DIDI i “Hleward Archi beclu Re . Pepe Fo pu Mere Data [Ry @ scanned with OKEN Scanner Bost A whilectuve an“ ay Pa PL? +23un0> gdnieaex, seury oles Sly fy sou 0] § sour ofs > tg -°a¥ samy of S99 pew annus Wud urge = SY (oq vo9 \ row a >>, ane a ae cMy , 9 wt 2a [aye WLS ioe asodand 0s | asd 248 jesouale) Vererorogs a @) ad sn9ssorppd M4= Sa seep Tee (aoe) wyy Pere? pero #738:be ALA-B cow) wg P boy Pyranyy ts O- Goan pope @ scanned with OKEN Scanner Preqrars Status werd (pew) o« eq etn, pawl psw-6 | psws i Pew. |Psw9.4 ip ey Nc ro \) Res | Pic degen of sont —> Te G054 microcontrollet 1s one of the woct Tepes ard widely Used Q-bit rai crocdolell ors tmbedded Systerns, . Tt hes a go- pio Dual Trline ackage (or le, 2 Each pio has a Specitc function Sangin C Supply » Tho ports, dimers le P an iwtermupts, i “orn pi 2 Sexial Comrnmieati'o, a Pio qe N Sa ore Pia Fi A a 34. FE P02 Cade) a Cs pag Ele 3) port (act) % Pe.2 (Ao! Pee Oy. 2 pastel 26 TT p03 (A03) as fy P4-¢ hy _ Pow (AoW Pare GOL 34 E ¥o-s (ADs) i — Ms 33 vA ‘ Rst Il Mictocontyell 5 Poe Cade) Seal HC Qxd) P2.0 F]tose eet Mev > Fa Pe. (ao) cecal ofp (TxD) PEL EI SEA eR [vee Caleval engl FOF) 3-0 iy 30f 1 Are] peas, onl tee TPT) 23% Chis a1 BEN Tiraet © inpat (19) PS Eh tq % LV pea (as) Tienes 4 ingot (TH P3-S This” aed -—1 p26 Cam) i ; saleraiteeg (@OPS-6 EU as fay, PEE (4 Sekownal Meneap © @0) PAL] ‘ ay FE, Pe (aw “ Xtra ]i8 et ray. PP (as) Tayo] 14 a Ey * p22 (aro) perdi gen (aN @ scanned with OKEN Scanner elabs a) Bwchileclve of 9. bik Microcontroller = DE eee ree ee rears > B054 Architecture a Feo nore Ko Petes — Features REP Tovte it stores addsess x 3 bE M cxocontroller, of the neat 4 16 address Vines eet ¥ CAKE external code Memon x ite cess — x axe exkernal data Mem x O ~saling Voltage -5v Bet ' * clock frequency Luiz to Aomié (uosa2mn®) # AK bytes ROM progiers Meroory)) « {2s “ge RAM (Data Mowery) x four Z-bit ro (pu Ceazh Linesy # Two 16-bit Here ° x Serial inteface _ * GG Tokerupt OU eS =a The 30st Supports Hasvard architecture . Acbits —> Nibble gaits => ibyte : - pefent® \e bits > watt ; qT Shares Megs’ : ae pia Mage avi tole Feng lag? hig ope ~ Prevsiliony Hg 5 ov -overtlow fla mes — pe pasty Fg ae eee ia R,7 Re Conbel AER (eat Sao eget —7 Fo REY red to dived to Achat: eee Reg { Select banke — ott @ scanned with OKEN Scanner KX DPTR — Data pointer 9 16-bik Regicker Nw ariel Higher — lowes Used in todos —Aatcressing gy Bo of — Bt] Pe Nddwessable in RAM a> Memry orqanieclen ‘ eas: oon ae, [> Bank Registers LR Bit [ Byte addressable lee, — 4B of Rom General PE pose RAM ain —> 12e8 of RAM % Extermal ror 20004 — oFreH — 6 ke of Ray . > CekR of Rom 0000 ~ FEE FA 4 row -2 6H => Bit egte adder sable Locations * Son ~ 3fH => General Pet pose RAM Area How does Gort behave Peace of bev a vescé Sigel Vs applied ? Z <5 Preyer Courtes (pe) ig Set to covert — the CPU Starts execution eon Adld vess 0 O00H, > AN SFes (Special frnction Regie) ans Neg deat Nalus, 7: ‘ | aes ro pote Po; Pa, 02, 3) axe Conk seveal 5 saps Chee, atl bls are hig ) ~ Stack pointey (sr) MS tnitialized: bo OF f F Torben apts, timers, and serial Conmundation — disabled: a @ scanned with OKEN Scanner ping £28 (poet) =—— ' 5 Sk can be Used a input oy output a His port does not necd pull-up registers $ ince Ab already has pals up scesistoss ‘internally , > Upen RESET, pot dis Congigne d as ane ready -by be Used ag an lp port — When the Pst O ts Written te x pores a letanes an dutput. te secontigque it as an inpub a dmust be he te he. wd . To Use potty Qn ‘le oa ‘ie must be programmed. * Pina (RET) — — 4 Tk isan achive HIGN pio key Hf the R51 pins aaian foe a Minieours of wo roachines cajcles:, the enicropontvlled will be reset and -Lexminates ay : actkyibes. = During this Hee , the Oscillator must berwunning — Bikey REseT all the “internal veaisters aie cheoved except SP-the SP Contains OFA and All pots ave having Fra. ; : A pins 40-44 (poet3)— oa, (cele aleerads So bidixe cbional Taps Hfp port wth internal pall-aps Upon RESET, Poe 8 is Configured as opt, “eady +? be Used as on ‘lp pot Pout ois written to a fae ~ — when the M4 becomes On olp - To we i ce it as an i|p, a 4 mask be sent -lo the fe @ scanned with OKEN Scanner ows yt Wabehate we Pein, use Prk 3 a an Ang — Adltionally, al) the Poet 3 aa have S preciay function > fk pists 4 (xraLe & TALI) Rann y 72 Te Boss has an on-chip Oscihator but eae an extemal clock to un tb. Sh aquaty crystal Oscillator ie Gonneclead 4, v5 is XTALS pinay) and XTAL2 (pings), ants Crystal Oscillator alco needs tu, — The 4 Capacitors of Bork value ce TAL 2 Ne tay sort ; a O © STERNAL } seracd | Ogeveentog—————}_ XT ALL SIGNAL i ~ ee en il — x! Be v Use ov Naieney Source other than a cx Oscillakor , Cuevas a SUTW, OS cillate, > TE wit be Conneded to y¢ Pe XTAL2 ig left Uncemnecbed. 3 * Pir20 Cand) ~ es — TE is the Kran d Pp» Of os4 Microcontwller f jj Tt tepresents OV —> Connected $0 ~ve -lewninal af power Spel ae pln Q\-ar (pov ad, > Bee ow abe bidisvectional ‘ey fas but vt intemal pull-ups rp —7 Upon RESET, pens uy confrqucedl asp, Seady te be Used ac a. Anal @ scanned with OKEN Scanner . + ore y rt bhecor Then the frst 04. walter 0 , vt on ofp mv secanbigace oe ile, ad rovek Sewi to the ae To use ee as an ilp eet ve rest be sageamnne ee , Li, addition ko acting fosy ip gents FeeTS aleoract | memor © taker order addeess when eternal ; . eed - pert is also designated as ne dis x pir 29 (Reen Y— nee peeger chore enable which is Used +[Link] the Extemal xan MeWlox 4 pmse [Are] PROG) paldiess Latch Enable Pope nese oo” > Using “Lhig pins, external addiess can be Separted tram clate (as “ey. are multiplied by s02) —s Duving Flash-mer Po gvemming, this, fie acts as pogo pulse Input {pRoa) - *® Gin 32 (& Ivep)— ON rmrnrnrn External Hrecess/ ee por Eneble voltag « — cede Extemdl Access Enable pin ie. allows eitenat viene Memon. — Code kom extemal program mension can be Aerched only if this i is Low : — Foy nowmal perations , ths prs Ve piled tay ~ En] vep 20, then Qoss rnievocontvaller access ie ertexnal Ge memory ( Rom) onl — f& |seee th, then vk access \n ternal pean Program memories (eons) . eevee Ck: emi Ab Win tees OM @ scanned with OKEN Scanner me Pe porg Enable voltage Cvee). “KE pins 38°39 (port oye wen bs dee lionel ie fot ph bud hese are aloo ull-ups- witht any interral tas dlence, wwe need e ukewal pon resistors (06, ) Ao use PORT olpins aS Tlo PORT. This is becau, po is om open ~ drain clevice, unlike Pa, randy a geelde BP Me toss Sunt Pe to aw | he, the Supply voltage Ls given Ctsv) ARBs desing Mee of gost 2— Ns ™ wp “Unstmclica; 1 = gommbnd tithe Preps eniciocontyalley “bo perivn co Awen-task ow Spechedi alata. — Each \nskuction has two parts + 4) Operation Code (ep- ceded: task to be gered 2) Opesord ; clata, 4 he ran’ lated = “The operand ot date Can be Specified Sw Veawiows Way th mag elude —e y B-hit (16-bit) data,., * On ‘nkexnal ve stex and * oO Memon Voc at} en? s data. / 3 Tn Some \nstuctons, the Operand t “wophett : hasctucton, The way ot Specing on Opecand tn an fnshuctie \s called acdhating roede, « { @ scanned with OKEN Scanner \Ypes Are Dada tn insbne ¢ bon YB Temediote SH dessing Mode cack Access 2) Registex Indivect \d 8) Regster Pddvessing Mode_-= Requter clerge Elfen t gpevations S) Det ddsesting Mode 5 ie emery een s) Indered Daeessing ‘vile Sina ple ‘an plementation Index Caled ation Away Access xessing Mode eta See Meon ae WN cces T ») Tromediate Addonsing Mode — > Te Source Opeiand ic a Constant a ..—=S—S—sS=ai Te Source and destination Xegishess anuse match Sn Sige This tost often used the direct addleessin g mode to access RAM locations 30-764 @ scanned with OKEN Scanner a N OSG) => Conlvasd this with mmectiake acld ress 4 tral Ahe Bparad j These ¥6 pe ah” sign ° 5 ory content of 4on lodedion In tent OF Ain 56H Pern, te Mov Ro, ‘tou e9 Con" rf location | Mov 56", A 0) Deg jek tncivect oddeessing mede'— foo hig xeqeler Ro and RA are Used — ol pe Ose, es when Ro and Ra hbld theaddiesses Of em | 1 they must be precede d by the. locations “@) Sp Exe Mov A, @ Ro contents of mle wn ponted by RO into A; wonde pt mode is widely used 49 of look» up Lable entsies Indexed Addvessin wes = Indesed add vessi in accessing data elemeUs Weaver in the preqrann fom. > The instruction Usedl Ae the pores vs movea, @ A+ DPTR Moves @A+t pe —> Use insbucton Move , *c"means code — Me Contents of Aare added: to the I-67 Red ictes pete ds form the 16-bit addess of khe nieded data. q @ scanned with OKEN Scanner OTR x FOOLY See syed ft Regirtce (sees) atnd and Their Addeesses « (et): ARARA Neate of Ahe Garces Taternal CAM Acces Registes (Hex) A A ccarout ator Eon Lex (Tortith ; Fou ne metic) “Addai take Eaternal gan Nadvessi ing ae Ban memes ner Intewiigt Enable contvol BH Tntexvupt priod . 68H perk © Latch - Sort pow T Utd oy ez porta Latch wou Oe 3 ots Latde | Bolt Sw ¥oq1am S totus Word” Dow “ECON” Bewal poxt conte Aah TSEC Sevialport Date Buller pall —Stackipointey - SI Nor imer| counter Mode contyo! Ban oo igen _ Timer] counter Control gen EN Timer ¢ t 388 [LO : Timex 0 LOW Byte. rae oT S Timer 0 AIG Byte aah ~ mae o Timex 4 Low Byte Bea ‘ wae Timet 4) NIM Bybe SRF @ scanned with OKEN Scanner Pe ONTI-Q [— —s wn Sosa ate Hayvava architecture. > a one- bite Nasty ckions Na wo byte instructions K The *ostuction Set of Bost Aypes. = Date transhey ‘nsbnictions, > Prithnebic Ansteuction ¢ = Logical ‘inskuctions — ~ Control Aronste| Grouch Corclitional Branch. VD nconditional Branch. | x AD obe eke Trans ter Tnstructions : Lo | wenn rn Toston 3 Samteqnart Moy A RO 8) “Mov (Pivect) MovA, 3 oy. 1 3) Mov ( Cirmediaty MOV Ro, #55 4 | mov Coodived’) “Nova, @ Ro t 3) Mov (Ertemay Move \, @bere 4 RA > an thre ~hyte tnstuctions .tecew be LH[Bodlean man pulotion instruction g VestrereBons cyeles fe | B Lolo —> ae bos4 Nottews Crise ‘nstwebions with OW = ¢ > “he cise Stands for Comples Instruction Set cy Tt hes a otal of ass tnstwctiong *S classified tiny 5 ° peode (i@ Eg E530 @ scanned with OKEN Scanner ¢) move (code Nemo) | Move — -_ | ™ \ a deat 2 020 vy) eusN post aot 2 2 Do20 @) For pop aovs a | cs 4 4 a cw KEW A, RA > 1 a ye) XCMD yeHDA,@ Ro a oD Surtos + s Mov Destination ,S ource Cam) Ca [er] from ectiate number ’) eegaes i opestion. cory] Tronater date Loom Sausee te destineia Exe Mov Ay Mov RyRy Mov @ Ri, A 7E Movx — “Transfer data. between Recurmulocter & extemal dota soemotig Est Movx A,@R Movx @ Ri, A Movx A, @ppr : Movx @DPTRAA # Move — Move code bate oe : Syntoar Move A,@atDere] pc Obst i- Leads A vegiele wsith o loyte beam pare» mers eny, oe Move A,@ArDPTR Move A, @ ALPE in 1 @ scanned with OKEN Scanner rit y Pus - puck ‘ . oe ponies push Source ae apa “Tacvements the Sp by $5 and Avan Nie Bounce Contents Onto the Stack Note pust and Pop instwellons Support only dire adlvessing mode Fay € ts PUSH OOH Push Son: * Por” rer Syotocy Por destination operation: Gepy deta from the Stack to the dectinaly, td tn the instruction, and then. decrement 4, SP by 4. Es pd ~ POP gon Pop OFow x xcu Exchange Kees Di Sypten'§ Kc Ay Source Calm) Exchange Accunulater and a buy Varia Specitie d jn the Source EX ¥cW A, Ry HM CH Aydivect XCH A,@ Ri oper Sod cs * x CAD — Eachange Lower big: Sieh L XCHD AYO RI Kaan : op eration: Exchange louetdigne of Aeemtineis ewer at a of the mernory iodivectl hatdin | @ scanned with OKEN Scanner Ihe LD) vthmelic Trsbructiens oe ee 3 Apo- pddition Sykes? ADO A, Source i Caf m[ Hrrime diate number ) wpersnet Ac A +Source ee a ace : amp! \ 1 te here a eH o001000' 444 Clee ile ee) Ooe Ot. lem PF et ov= 02 Mov Re eek Coder MOV A, EeCeee ww" ov? &, HEA (ox soph, Ne 2 ADD A$ age END > proc — addition with cast Sypbet Aooc A, Sounce cain vaamediate Number > CC. & ge A+ gourcercy ~ Ine . : yntor> INC Destinotion : CRT} fooneee number ) tay INe Ro a aw Ne Soy nc @ Ro > pEc- Decrement Die | Syakae DEC Destination ee Ce) 4) « ty BNeRe PRY Iwo SoH é Tne @ eo > 6 _ Trevement @ scanned with OKEN Scanner A= Sven ~ Gubliat with Bavow Synlor 1 ven n, Sureery rm cell terme diate purab e+) ont A <—Soure~CY . ernest. of the subtrohend or > Yate the 2s compl Add {4 ko the minuend Ca) Trvet the C ay, 7 yr O4H - 02H" we 00000010, 024, trrirvod a PREVENT? .ceu. > 25 complement gerne oy mH, V5 complement. ae eee ea Dee oe: Complement ~se SymtetE MOLAB. ., vo operation’ BALA *B Ear a dik Roan we MULAB | Ba -oraay Ov ~ 2 1LG xeqieter is heaving moy , Zero result = ikon See Div AB A (Suetient) A & ( Remainder) Operation | @ scanned with OKEN Scanner aw A-iol B+03y ur DW AB » ps osn(@) B= oR) py + 34 B vegietes = 00 o Syrkas pea, decimal adjusted i edie Alkes an ADD of ADOC Instriction > Th the lewex nibble (ebits) te opreater thang , ox il Aerd, add oft0 tothe lowes 4 bits ge — 1000 + & 0190 SS 279 14 00, ee tt oa Load —> sh the upper nibble add ono +o the Upper A bits *5 Qxcaber thant, Coa eyed, Cr . Wex ww 24-5 OO10 1.604 |_| g00j tooo” = ° at pee ioe ae a oo Big 0112 eats ee oo @ scanned with OKEN Scanner 4 XK Logical fngtyuction s an _ | RAO ww 4 Logical Amp feat ANL A, Sovwe oo ope ul aim imme diate number) | Opesstient Bis instruction perfor bitwice Veta) eee AND O pxation between Pyccumulaton and Soure, ae \ ; Sprend and the vesull 's placed in Nceuns A A AND: Sousce | GE AML Ay # LH A=124-> 0001 Goi o¢ ae AL A)8 8 - OFH—0 coo 11 ig | ANL A,50H rr ee ‘ ANL aOR oon it asket a 7B bE can be mask eal (secet) by Dig with o, * Logical OR S— | ht ial ay | Syrtoit ore A, Source’ + Nees >. CR[m | womediate number ) Operstion “This inslwetion performs bitwise legica! oR operstion between Pecumulatoey and Gource opeard and the veguit ‘ce placed to A ceunul ato A <—A oR Source | Be ORLA, FRE we ORL ASB ORL Ay 504 oRL A,@R: r A -GH © polo0lo § ® -oFH o oooInl & ———— oot't\!i\l@g —_—_ - —— — @ scanned with OKEN Scanner fr bir Cop be Set 6 Ohne ay “—"] _ Loaical XoR x bq XOR & ee YLRLN, Source - a vel | innmediate sel Operation “Wis tnctructin Petfome Gifaee agit awn Taclusive = OR operation blo Accumutelor ane! Source operand and the ~esult Is placed : fy ccurnu lator Ae fA Fx-og Source Exr xe A, # BR *RE ALB “RL A, Son xR A, OR : a B- OfH ~~ DOOONIINVE a ooolsio? 1D A bk can be Complemented be xoRing with 4 We can clear any bit b ina hearin wor with Sam. bit i P t % CLR~ Clear Aecuroiilator rho! CURIA Operetion + “Trig inghaiction Clears f\coumulatoy Contot A. Ke — oot _ A A =00H tr Aes = @ scanned with OKEN Scanner CrLA vont The Pt ‘ngbuelion logically Inverts ey, Opexation ort accumuletod and stores the vesu hack tnd Necumutalor A — iA A = 55H — Olt 01018 CPL A A=AaW — 101010108 » Swap- Tachonge nibbles of accumulatoy Ae —— a Synter Swap A opeyston'- The SWAP instuction tc han es the foe, aad habe nibbles wurthin the Accumulator tr Seu ~~ gwar & A= Qe * RR Rotote Right Jr i Sypteas RRA erotion? Rotates the all bis inthe ace umulatoy ne ight by one Be pee Bit o (00) 3 the Au cuthter Se votaled ‘te fede “ a ye ne dan biee aolbA RA \ y A = at Ae @ scanned with OKEN Scanner

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