INTRODUCTION TO Lean CubeSat 2022
POWER SYSTEM
DESIGN
Eng: Mohamed H. Sharkawy
[Link]
[Link] SPACE SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY
Content
› Introduction.
› Satellite Power System.
› CubeSat Project.
› Basic Electronics.
Offline Practice Table
Class Group A Group B › Offline practice will be held in
3rd and 4th of September.
Class 1 25 25
Class 2 25 25
› We will divide each group to
2 smaller groups each of 50
student.
› Group A will attend in the lab
and Group B will attend in the
drawing hall.
› Task A is divided into two tasks
which are:
Schedule of Tasks 1. Getting the data sheet of
each component.
• Task 1 2. Getting libraries of each
component.
A • Task 2 The deadline will be at 8 pm
Wednesday 31th of August.
› Task B is divided into two tasks
which are:
• Task 1 1. Design the missing
components on Altium.
B • Task 2 2. PCB layout for the whole
project.
The deadline will be at 8 pm
Friday 2nd of September.
Introduction
The successful fulfillment of a space mission depends on the
proper and reliable functioning of the power system of the
spacecraft in orbit, since nearly every other subsystem requires
power.
The stringent demands of a proper power system:
1. Performance (fulfillment of load requirements for the
given orbital parameters).
2. Weight.
3. Volume.
4. Reliability (over the mission lifetime).
5. Cost.
That makes the design of the spacecraft power system a real
challenge.
Satellite Power Subsystem
POWER SYSTEM
COMPONENTS
• Solar Power.
• Power storage unit(s)
(Battery).
• Primary Battery
• Power conditioning unit
and circuitry.
• Control and Distribution
units.
• Wiring, indicators.
• Monitoring and
Telemetry.
Power Source
› Photovoltaic solar panels
CubeSats use solar cells to convert
solar light to electricity that is then
stored in rechargeable lithium ion
battery that provide power during
eclipse as well as during peak load
times.
The parameters of choosing the
solar panels depends on the power
per area of the material and the
mass of the materials
Energy Storage
› Primary battery
Should be high power non-
rechargeable battery such as silver
zinc battery.
The main purpose of primary
battery is to provide power to
satellite till the opening of solar cells
stage then get thrown.
Energy Storage
› Secondary battery
Should be medium power
rechargeable battery such as Nickel
Cadmium battery.
The main purpose of secondary
battery is to provide power to
satellite during the eclipse and the
peak power usage.
CubeSat Project
CUBESAT PROJECT
Our project is much simpler,
we will design a CubeSat of
1U (10*10*10), where the
power system will be much
simpler:
• Rechargeable battery.
• Power circuit to shield the
sensors and provide it
with power.
• Printed Circuit Board
(PCB) to mount the
microcontroller and
sensors on it.
Basic Electronics.
Electric Circuit Terminology
Resistance
Sand
Water Flow
Current
Pump Low Pressure Battery
High Pressure High Potential Energy Low Potential Energy
› The electric circuit is similar to a hydraulic system, we can say that a
resistance is like some debris in a the path of a flow of water, battery is like a
pump and the voltage is like the pressure difference on a fluid
IMPORTANT
DEFITIONS
Is any basic discrete device or
physical entity in
an electronic system used to affect
electrons or their associated fields.
An electronic circuit is composed of
various types of components. These
are active or passive:
1. Passive Components :
Only dissipate or store energy Components
like resistance, capacitance inductance.
2. Active Components :
They take part in the transformation of the
energy like as: Diode, transistor FET, SCR etc.
Electronic circuit
› Is a complete course of conductors through which current can
travel. Circuits provide a path for current to flow, a circuit must
form a loop.
› It is a device made of various of
interconnected electronic components, such as transistors
and resistors, that are etched or imprinted onto a board for
specified task.
.
Data sheet (or spec sheet)
› Is a document that summarizes the performance and other
technical characteristics of a component used by a design
engineer to integrate.
› Typically, a datasheet is created by the component (IC)
subsystem manufacturer
› Depending on the specific purpose, a datasheet may offer
an average value, a typical value, a typical range, engineering
tolerances, or a nominal value
General Purpose Components
They are the components we mostly use in our project which are:
› Resistor
› Capacitor
› Voltage Regulator
› Switch and Header
› Integrated Circuits
› Microcontroller
Resistors:
› A passive two-terminal electrical component that
implements electrical resistance as a circuit
element. Resistors act to reduce current flow,
and, at the same time, act to lower voltage levels
within circuits.
› Resistors are electronic components which have
a specific value that is never-changing, Since
voltage, current and resistance are related
through Ohm’s law, resistors are a good way to
control voltage and current in your circuit
› The resistor's resistance limits the flow of
electrons through a circuit
› Colours codes for resistors:
1. 1st band = 1st number
2. 2nd band = 2nd number
3. 3rd band = multiplier
4. 4th band = tolerance
Capacitor:
› It is an electronic component that stores
electric charge. The capacitor is made of 2
close conductors (usually plates) that are
separated by a dielectric material.
› Capacitance is measured in Farads. The small
capacitors usually used in electronics are
often measured in microfarads and nano-
farads.
› Polarity of capacitors:
1. The shorter terminal goes on the.
negative side
2. The stripe is on the negative terminal
side of the capacitor.
3. The board is marked for positive or
negative.
Capacitor:
We use capacitors due to the noise
sparks. 𝐼𝑐 = 𝐶
𝑑𝑣
𝑑𝑡
As the DC voltage in reality is not a 𝑑𝑣 Capacitor is Lowering
: +𝑣𝑒 charging Voltage
straight line but, it has peaks and 𝑑𝑡
drops which we call noise in the 𝑑𝑣 Capacitor is Increasing
voltage. 𝑑𝑡
: −𝑣𝑒 discharging Voltage
This noise can damage the sensors
especially the sensitive of them which
lead to failure of the mission.
Voltage Regulator
Regulators are components that
make a voltage drop between it’s
terminals in the form of heat energy.
We use regulators to adjust the
voltage that enter each sensor in the
board.
In large projects when the voltage
drops from very high voltage to a very
low one we need a heat sink to avoid
damaging the circuit.
Heat Sink
Switch and Headers
Switches obviously are used to open
and close the system.
Headers are used to connect any
module without being wielded in the
PCB such as:
1. Connecting multiboards with each
other.
2. Connecting the sensors in the PCB
without wielding.
3. Connecting jumper wires to the
board.
Male Header Female Header
Integrated Circuit
A semiconductor wafer on which
many components are fabricated
such as transistors, capacitors, …
Integrated Circuit
Ics that we will use are
› GPS
› MPU
› SD Card Module
› RF
› BMP
› DHT
Microcontroller
The brain of the system.
Where it contains CPU, Memory,
RAM, Input and output pins where you
can control the whole electronic
system by the code you burn on it
Software
There are many programs for PCB design, like Eagle, Proteus, KiCad,
Cadence, DesignSpark, Protel, Cadstar, and Diptrace.
But the most used worldwide and most organized is Altium Designer .
For downloading and installation:
[Link]
26-with-video-tutorial-2021-free/