VIBGYOR

HIGH

equalities are
some s

[Link] But
the statement
Consider
equalities that

al
Such
products.
special

at some sr
Letus look
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Identity 1

Productof two
bine
Understand special products.

Solve problems based onthe identities: To Prove:

1) (x+a)(x+b
ldentity 1:

1) (x*a)(x+b)=x* +(a+b)x +ab 2) (x+a)(x-b

= +(a-b) x -ab 3) (x-a)(x+E

2) (*+a)(x-b) x

4) (x-a) (x-E
3) (x-a)(x+b) =x*-(a-b) x - ab

4) (x-a)(x-b) = x*-(a+b) x+ ab
Proof:

ldentity 2: (a+b) =a?+2ab+b? 1) We have,

LH.S. =(x+
ldentity (a-b)´=a-2ab+b?
=
3:
x(>

% ldentity 4: a -b'=(a+b) (a-b)

=x

= F

Special Products
LH.S. =

We have already learnt about mathematical statements. We also know that some .(x+a) (x

statementsare true for some particular values of the variables.

Consider the statement 2x+5=11. This equality is true only if the value of x =3. 2) We hay

LH.S.

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 VIBGYO HIGH
R

But some
equalities are such that they
Consider the are true for
statement all values of variables.
Such 4x-x=3x. This is true
equalities that equality for any value x.
always

of
hold true for
special products. any value of x, are called identities or

Iet us look at
some such identities.

Identity1
Product of two
binomials of the form
(x*a)(x*b)
To Prove:

1)
=
(x+a)(x+b) x+(a+b)
x+ ab

2) (x+a)(x-b)=x+(a-b) -ab x

3) (x-a)(x+b)=x-(a-b) x-ab

4) (x-a)(x-b)=x* -(a+b)x+ab

Proof:

1) We have,
L.H.S. = (x+a)(x+ b)
= x(x+b)+a(x+b)
= x²+bX + ax +ab
= x²+ax+ bx +ab

= x'+(a+ b)x +ab

=R.H.S.

L.H.S. =R.H.S.
-(x*a) (x+b)=x* +(a+b)x+ab
some
that

2) We have,
fr=3. LH.S. = (x+a) (x-b)
=x(x-b) +a(x-b)
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 VI GYOR
B
HIGH

=x-bx+
ax-ab
-ab
=x²+ax -bx
-ab
=x²+(a-b)x
=RH.S.
RH.S.
L.H.S.
x² +(a-b)x
- ab
(x-b)
(x+a)
=

3) We have, SolvedP

LH.S. =(x-a)(x+b)
=x(x+b) -a(x+b) Exampl

= x<+bx- ax-ab Simplify

= x-ax+ bx-ab Solutie

= x-(a- b)x -ab We ha

(x+4
=R.H.S.
L.H.S. = R.H.S.

(x-a) (x +b) =x*- (a-b) x-ab

4) We have,

LH.S. = (x-a) (x-b) Ex

Fi

x(x-b)- a(x-b)

= x-bX- ax +ab
= x-ax- bx + ab

= x-(a+ b)x +ab

=R.H.S.

L.H.S. =R.H.S.
(x-a)(x-b) =x -(a+b) x +ab
 VIBGYOR
HIGH
4 Y2

oh44 Remember
Allthe above proofs are
combined as:

(Xa)(Xb)x+(sumof the
second terms with their given signs)
+(productof second termns)

Solved Problems Based on ldentity 1

Example 1
Example 2
Simplify: (x+4)(x+2) Simplify: (x-5)(x-6)

Solution Solution
We have, We have,
(x+4)(x+2) (x-5) (*-6)

=x +(2+ 4)x +4x2

=x+(6-5)x +(-6)(-5)
=x²-11x+30
= x²+ 6x +8
=
-(x-5) (x-6) x-11x+30
:(x+4)(x+2)=x* + 6x
+8

Example 4
Example 3 the product of (x-9)(x+4)
Find
of: (x+7)(x-3)
Find the product

Solution
Solution We have,
We have, (r-9)(*+4)

(x+7)(x-3) =x+(-9+4)x +(-9)(4)

=x+(7-3)x +(7)(-3) =x-5x-36
=x²+ 4x-21
.(x-9)(x+4)
=x* -5x-36
=x²
(x-3)
+4x-21
(x+7)
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 VIBGYOR
HIGH

Example 5 Example 6
Find the productof. (x+0.4) Simplify: (3x +5) (3x +7) Identity 2
(x-0.6)

Solution Square of the sum of

Solution
We have, Let 3x =a To Prove:
(3r+5)(3r+7) =(a + 5)(a +7) Proof:We have,
(x+0.4)(x -0.6)
We have, =(a+b
L.H.S.
= X+(0.4-0.6)x +(0.4)(-0.6) (a+ 5) (a +7)
= x²-0.2x-0.24 =a + (5+ 7)a + 5x7 =(a+b)(a+b
=a'+ 12 a +35 =a(a+b) +b
(x+0.4)(x - 0.6) =x²-0.2x-0.24 Re-substituting 'a' as '3x we get,
= a+ab+ ba

(3x)+ 12(3x) +35

= 9,2+36x+35 [(3x) =(3x) (34)
= a+2ab +
=9X1 =RH.S.
=R.H.S.
L.H.S.
:(3x+5)(3r+7) =9x2+36x+35
:(a+b' =a +2

Example 8 Solved Problems

Example7
Find the productof (4x-12) (4x+3)
Simplify: (6x-5)(6x-2)

Solution Example 1
Solution
Let 6x =a Let 4x =a Find the product

(6x-5)(6x-2) =(a -5) (a -2) (4x-12) (4x+3) =(a -12) (a +3)

Solution
We have, We have,
We have,
(a- (a -2)
5)
(a- 12) (a +3)
(x+2)?
=a- (5+2) a + 5 x 2 =a'+(-12+3 )a+(-12)(3)
=a'-7a +10 =a -9a-36 = x?+2(2)()+
Re-substituting 'a' as '6x' we get,
Re-substituting 'a' as '6x'we get, = x²+ 4x +4
(6x–7 (6x)+10 (4x) -9(4x)–36
= 36x- 42x +10 [(6x =(6x)(6x) = 16x-36x-36 [(4x)2
(4 (x+2)° =x?
=36x1 = 16x)

..(6x-5) (6r-2)
=36.-42x+10 =16,2-36x-36
-(4x-12) (4x+3)
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 VIBGYOR
HIGH
Identity2

the sum of two

Square of terms

To Prove: (a+b)=a+2ab +h2

-7) Proof: We have,

LH.S. =(a+b)'
= (a+b) (a+b)
= a(a+b) +b (a+b)
et, = a+ab + ba +b²
= a+2ab +b2 (:ab= ba)
(3x) (3x)
=R.H.S.
9x1
L.H.S. =R.H.S.
c+35 +b²
.(a+b)=a? +2ab

2
Based on ldentity
Solved Problems

(4r+3) Example
2
productof
+
(x 7y)
1 Find the
Example
of (x+2)
Find the product
Solution

2)(a
3)+ Solution
We have,
(x*7y)?
We have, +(7y)²
=x'+2((7y)49y2
(x+2)° +
= x²+14xy
=x²+2(2)(x) +4 +49y?

= X²+4x +4 (x+7y)=x+14xy

weget,
=x?+4x+4
4x)²
=(4x) (4x) :(x+2)°

=16x] 129

T2_hn
-36x-36 Sec gr7 math
 4
Example
Find the product
of (3x+2y)8 7
Example 3 Example
of (5x+y) (s6 using
product Evaluate
Find the Solution
We have, (r+aj?
Solution
We have, (3x+2y)²
Solution
(5x+y)
-(3x)° +2(3x)(2y) +(2y)
We have,
(5x)² =(5x)(5x)= 9x²+12xy+
4y²
[(3x =(3)
(bn (562
=26x°+ 1Oxy +y² =25x) =9x1
=(50+ 6)?

e(50 +2(50) (6)+(6)

:(3x +2y)°
=9x²2-+12xy +4y? 2500 +600+36
+ 10xy +y?
(Sx+y)° =25x° =3136

Example 6
Example 5 :.(56)=3,136
Find the
product of (4²+2
Find the product of Identity3

Solution
Solution We have, Square of the diffe
We have, To Prove: (a-b?
2
Proof: We have,

12 =(4x2 + 2(4x? 22)+(22 L.H.S. = (a-b

- = 16x + 16?y +4y4 =(a-b)(a

2+12xy+
4 5 144\2
225
I(4 =(4)(4) = a(a-b)
= 16x
= a-ab:
2 = a'-2
=R.H.S
L.H.S. =R.
2
s(a-b =a?

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 VIBGYOR HIGH

7
Example Example 8
(56)2 using the
Tdentity Evaluate (1122 using the identty
Evaluate

|(**a?
(*a)2
Solution
Solution

We have,
We have,
(112)
(56)2
=(100 +12y
=(50+6)2 (6) +(6)2 = (100) +2 (100)(12)
+(12
= (50)+2(50)
36 + =10000 +2400+144
2500+600 =12544
=3136
.(112) =12,544
-.
136
(56) 3, =
Identity3

of two terms
difference
of the
Square

(a-b) =a- 2ab+b2

To Prove:
Proof:
We have,
L.H.S.
= (a-b)
=(a-b)(a-b)
=a(a-b)-b (a-b)
+b²
=a-ab-ba
(:ab=ba)
=a-2ab +b2
=R.H.S.
LH.S. =
R.H.S.
+b2
(a-b)'=a2-2ab

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 HIGH

3
Solved Problems Based on ldentity

Example 5

Example 2 Find the product

Example 1
Find the product of (x-5y)'
Find the product of (*-6) Solution
We have,

Solution
Solution 2
We have,
We have,
(r-5y)?
(r-6)?
=2-2(5x)() + (5y)
=2-2 (6)\%) +(6)? 252-15xy
= 2-12x+ 36
2-10xy+ 25y

:(r-6)=x2-12x+36 :(*-5y) =2-10:y+25,2

5

Example 3 Example 4
Example 7
Find the product of (9x-y) Find the product of (8x -5y)
Evaluate(89

Solution Solution
Solution
We have, We have,
We have,
(9r-y)' (8x-5y) (89)2
= (9x-2(9x)(y) +(Y)² = (8x -2(8x)(5y)+ (5y = (90-1)
= 81:2-18xy +y² [(9x) (9x)(9x) | 64x-80xy+ 25y [(8x)- (8x) =(90)-2
=81x) =64X = 8100-18
=7,921

: (9x-y =81,2 - 18xy+y2 (Bx-5y) " G4,2 -80y +25y

. (89) =;

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 |
Example 5 VIBGYOR
HIGH

Find the product of Example 6

-y
Find the
produed
Solution o|5x
We have,
2 Solution
Wehave,

-G-2
25,2-15xy
4
5
3y (3y?

+9y²
|- 5-2.6:p*p
= 512.2/5
7 yt

I(V5 x =(5x) (V5x) = 5]

2
-2-15xy
4 +9y =5122V5
7 xyt

Example7 Example 8

Evaluate(89) using the identity(x-a)f. Evaluate (115 using the identity

(r-a?
Solution
We have, Solution

(89)2
We have,

)
(8x)
= (90-1)2
=(90)-2(90)(1)+(1Ý
= 8100-180 +1
=7,921
(115?

=(120-5)²
=(120) -2 (120)(5) +(5)
= 14400 -1200 25 +
=13,225
.(89=7921
:(115 =13225

133
Sec gr7 math T2_hn
 Identity 4
3
Product ofthe sum and difference of Example
fwoterms the product
Find
To Prove: (a+b)(a-b) = -b
a² 2identity. ExampleA

Proof: We have, 2-
LH.S. =(a+b)(a-b) Solution
We have,
Solution
=a-ab+ ba-b? 62x38

(ab=ba)
-(50+12)(50-12

=R.H.S. =(50 -(12?

2500-144
.:L.H.S.=R.H.S.
=2,356
-(a+b)(a-b) =a?-b? -62×38=2?
Solved Problems Based on ldentity
4
Example
Example Find
1 Example2
Find the product of (2x+4)(2x-4) Find the product of (4x+5)(4x-5) (2,2+2

Solution Solution
We have, We have,
(2r+4)(2r-4) (4x+5)(4r-5)

-(4x)-(5)2
=(2:-(42 -(2
= (2r)(2r)-(4)(4) =(4x)(4x)- (5)\5)

-(212)(2.
= 42-16 =16x2-25
= 414-9y
:(4x+5)(4x-5) =
1612-25
:(2r+4)(2r-4) =4,2-16
(22+3)|22.

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 118G YOR
HIGH

Example 3
Find the
product Example 4
of
62x 38 using Find
2-y²identity. the prooduct of 6.5x13.5 using

2- identity.

Solution
We have, Solution

62x38 We have,
6.5x13.5
=(50+12) (50-12) -(10-3.5) (10+3.5)
-(50-(12)? - (10-(39?
=2500 -144 = 100-12.25
=2,356 =87.75

-62 38 =2356
x .:.6.5x13.5=87.75

5 Example 6
Example
the product of
Find Find the product of

(22+3)(22-a)
Solution
Solution
We have,
We have,

|(22-32)(22-3
=(22P-(3y
xoy2)
(e?x22)-(3
=414-9y4 =16:2. 49
-9y4

|(--102-#

135

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Sec gr7
 VIBGYOR
HIGH

Example 7 Example 8
Find the
product of Find the product of At a Glan

Stat
vari
Solution
We have, Solution lde
We have,
1) (x

|G3(G 2) (x

(6.2P-e 3) (
4) (
(6:2N6-2)-G

= 25,4.

|3(2---2-? 94
|-32-2|(5:2./)- 254. 16

136

gr7 math_T2_hn
Sec
Ata Ganee

w
Statements thst
Variablesare
had te tot st vaues
known as of
their
MIdentity 1: ieertities.

) (x*a)(x*b)=**+(a*b)x*ab
2)(x*a)(x-b) =x+(a-b) X-ab
3) (*-a)(x+b)
=x²-(a-b) X-ab
4) (x-a)(x-b)'(a+b)x+ab

ldentity 2:(a+b) =a+2ab+b²

ldentity 3: (a-b)=a-2ab + b²

ldentity 4:a-b2(a+b) (a-b)

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