Agricultural Science
1. ____ are tools used on the farm to make work faster and easier. (a)Farm tools (b)hard tools (c) Agric-
tools
2. Useful farm Insects are Insects that helps in pollinating ____ (@)plant (b)leaves (c)flowers
3. Butterfly is a harmful farm Insect. ____ (a)Yes (b)No
4. Bees sting people with their mouth. ____ (a)Yes (b)No
5. An Insect that produces honey is called ____ (a)butterfly (b)bee (c)termite
6. ____ destroys grain of rice, Cassava and Soyabeans etc (a) weevil (b)maggot to @) maggot
7. A beetle destroys ____ and ____ on the farm and in storage (a)yams and potatoes (b) rice and beans
(c) maize and Soyabeans
8. Wooden farmtools should be kept away from termites and fire (@)Yes (b)No
9. Farmtools should be thrown around carelessly. (a)Yes (b)No
10. Farmtools should be sharpened regularly (a)Yes (b) No
11. ____ eats clothes and food items (a)grasshopper (b)cockroach (c) locust
12. Tools that are used for carrying materials are called ____ (a)baskets (b) hoe (c) shovel
13. Farm tools should not be cleaned after use. (a)Yes (b)No
14. Termites destroy wood and ____ furniture in farm offices (a)Yes (b)No
15. Ant provide air to soil (a) Yes (b)No
16. A sprayer is used to spray ____ (a)Yes(b) No
17. Termites help in pollinating flowers. (a)Yes (b)No
18. Ants do not bite people (a)Yes(b)No
19. ____ eat the stems and roots of plant (a) grasshopper (b)weevil (c)termite
20. A ____ suck blood from a human body. (a)mosquito (b) weevil @)termite (c)mites
Section B
1a What are farm tools? (b) list 5 examples of farmtools (c) state 3 user of farmtools(3mks)
2a What are harmful farm Insect? (b) list 4 examples of harmful farm Insect
3a What are useful farm Insect? (b) list 4 examples of useful farm Insect
4. list 5 useful but harmful farm Insect
5. List 4 examples for storage for grains
Basic Science
Section A
1. Human body has ____ sense organs (a) 6 (b)5 (c) 4
2. The tongue is found in the ____(a)skin (b)mouth (c) nose
3. You see with your ____ (a) eyes (b) nose (c) tongue
4. All part of our body are called _____ (a) hair (b)skin (c) ear
5. The organ use for feeling is ____(a)tongue (b)stem (c) mouth
6. We smell thing with our ___(a) lip (b)nose (c)mouth
7. A sweet taste has a taste like ____ (a) Sugar (b)chloroquine (c)bitter leaf
8. A good water is colourless. (a)Yes (b)No
9. When an object has no Smell we say it is ____ (a)odor (b)odorless
10 A good water is odorless ____ (a)Yes (b)No
11. Does good water have taste ____ (a)Yes (b)No
12. Sea water has a ____ taste. (a)bad (b)sweet (c)salty.
13. An hibiscus flower has a ____ smell (a)sweet (b)bad.
14. A rotten egg has a ____ odor (a)sweet (b)bad.
15. kitchen waste has a ____ smell (a) sweet (b) bad.
16. When something has no taste we say it is ____ (a) tasty (b)tasteless.
17. The sense of touch is the tongue (a)true (b)False
18 A boiling water is ____ (a)cold (b)hot (c) rough
19. A wood is hard (a)true (b)false
20. An iceblock is cold (a)Yes (b)No
Section B
1a list 5 sense organs (b) colour these shapes with the colours written under them.
[Shapes drawn: Circle, Triangle, Rectangle, Diamond]
[Red purple Blue Green Yellow]
2. Write the sounds of the following animals:
Cat
Dog
Goat
Bird
Cock
3. Complete the following Sentence with these words hot, hard, Soft, cold, light, smooth, rough.
(i) An ice block is ____
(ii) A wood is ____
(iii) A cotton wool is ____
(iv) The feather is ____
(v) A wall surface ____
4. List 5 road users
5. list 5 things that have Sweet taste.
Home economics
Section A
1. ____ is the movement of the body. (a)balance (b) exercise (c)crawler
2. Exercise is good for our health (a)Yes (b) No
3. Exercise helps us to live longer
4. Exercise keep our body away from disease. (a) Title (b)Date
5. _____ is a state of relaxation (a)Sleep (b)Rest (c)Song
6. _____ is the natural state of rest. (a)Rest (b)Sleep (c)Song
7. Rest and sleep are very important human needs (a)Yes (b) NO
8. A school child must rest and sleep if he wants to perform well (a)Yes (b)NO
9. One must get enough rest and sleep after school hours (a) Yes (b)NO
10. We sleep on a_____ (a) mat (b) House (c) door
11. _____ makes our bones strong (a) exercise (b) dance (c) music
12. _____ is an example of an exercise (a) dancing (b) Singing
13. Exercise helps the body to be fit (a) Yes (b) No
14. We can hear sound, see and feel (a) Yes (b) NO
15. During sleep, our body grows (a)True (b)False
16. The body is refresh after eating and dancing (a) Yes (b) NO
17. You can also sleep on your back (a) Yes (b) NO
18. You can sleep on a___
19. Rest is a period when the body is not working (a)Yes (b)NO
20. During rest, the mind and muscles are relaxed (a) True (b) False
Section B
1a State 3 advantages of exercise (b) Use 5 examples of exercising (C)What is exercise?
2. List 4 periods for rest and sleep
3a State 3 importance of rest and sleep
4. List 3 things we sleep on
5a What is Rest? (5b) What is sleep?
Social Studies
Section A
1. Family consists of father, Mother and teacher (a)properly (b)children
2. _____ is the head of the family (a) Mother (b) Headmaster (c) Father
3. Family is a group of people related by _____ (a) Marriage (b)blood (c)children
4. _____ controls the affairs of the family. (a) Headmaster (b) Father (c) Mother
5. Who normally pays the school fees (a) Father (b) Mother (c) Children
6. Who cooks for the members of the family? (a) Father (b) Mother (c) Child
7. _____ washes our dirty clothes (a) Mother (b) Father (c) Uncle
8. Is it good to protect members of Our family? (a) Yes (b) NO
9. Children should takes care of their parent when they are sick. (a) Yes (b) NO
10. _____ should obey their parent (a) children (b) mother (c) Father
11. Parent should _____ their children. (a)call (b) beat (c) teach their children (d) provide food for their
children
12. Children who have no parents are called_____ (a) orphanage (b) Sickle cell child (c) orphan
13. A place where orphans are kept is called a_____ (a) Orphan hospital (b) orphanage (c) orphan homes
14. Our duties to orphan is to (a) teach care of them (b) beat them (c) curse them
15. We should help the orphan by giving them_____ (a) Food (b) water (c)
16. The following are Yoruba dish except (a).Amala (b).Asaro (c) Ukpa
17. The Igbos eat_____ geria (a)True (b) False
18. One of the problems of orphan is lack of_____ (a) find (b)care (c)aeroplane
19. Most of the orphan lost their parent due to_____ (a) hard working (b) disobedient (c) accident
20. _____ is a common food eaten among all tribes (a) Akara (b) Rice (c) UGA (c) Dodo.
Section B
1a What is family? (b) List 2 types of family (c) List 2 members of your family
2a State 2 responsibilities of Mother (2b) State 2 responsibilities of father
3a State 2 ways of taking care of an orphan (3b State 2 problems of an orphan
4. List 5 food we eat
5. List 4 Yoruba dishes
Computer
Section A
1. Computer is_____ Machine (a) a mechanical (b)an electronic (c) a useless (d)a unfriendly
2. Computer accept_____ in many forms (a) food (b) money (c) input (d) output
3. Computer produces_____ after the processing of input (a) output (b) ray (c) input (d) Raw
4. Unprocessed information is called (a) Disk (b) Data (c) money (d) output
5. The built in mouse in a Laptop is called_____ (a) stick (b) Touch pad (c) keys (d) Printer
6. A printer is_____ device (a) an input (b) an output (c) a storage (d) a standing
7. _____ computer are computer that cannot be carried (a) Laptop (b) Desktop (c) printer
8. _____ computer are computer that can be carried (a) Laptop (b) Desktop (c)printer
9. Monitor Looks Like a_____ (a) Rat (b) television (c) CPU
10. Which of the following is not a computerised electronic device? (a) Pager (b) Organizer (c) pencil
11. Computerised electronic devices are electronic machines that work in a similar way to a computer.
(A) Yes (b) No
12. _____ is used for calculations (a) Calculator (b) Farmachine (c) Pager
13. _____ is used to tell the time and date (a) calculator (b) Farmachine (b) digital wrist watch
14. Mouse Looks Like a_____ (a) Lemon (b) rat (c) Cat
15. _____ is another name for system unit. (a) CPU (b) Mouse (c)keyboard
16. _____ is used to type words, numbers, alphabets etc. (a) printer (b) keyboard (b) Mouse
17. _____ produces paper copy of images (a) printer (b) keyboard (c) Mouse
18. _____ allows us hear sound (a).Speakers (b) monitor (c) printer
19. Another name for paper copy is (a)Soft copy (b)hard copy (c)Small copy
20. _____ Send documents (a)printer (b) CPU (c) Farmachine
Section B
1a What is computer? (b) List 2 forms of personal computer (1c) State 2 uses of computer
2. List 5 parts of a computer
3. List 5 examples of computerised electronic devices
4. State 3 care of computerised electronic devices
5. State 3 uses of computerised electronic devices
Vocational Education
Section A
1. People in different vocation are all_____ (a) occupation (b) workers (c) salary
2. People work in order to be_____ (a) be happy (b) build house (c) earn money
3. Any work that needs training and a high level of education is a_____ (a) good job (b) profession (c)
doctor
4. An example of a trade is_____ (a) teaching (b) working (c) sewing
5. Who among these needs good education? (a) Barber (b) carpenter (c) Pilot
6. The best wood to make a door is_____ (a) soft wood (b) long wood (c) hardwood
7. Logs are sawn into planks at_____ (a) Sawmill (b)furniture (c)plywood
8. Timbers are got in the_____ (a) market (b) forest (c) Sawmill
9. We cannot used wood for a_____ (a) bridge (b) house (c) bulb
10. Which of these is not a hardwood? (a) Rubber (b) Iroko (c) Ebira
11. Which of these cannot be made from rubber? (A) Handgloves (b) Latin (c) Sandals
12. _____ is used to make the sole of shoes (a) Latex (b) Factory (c) Irece rubber
13. _____ is made of rubber (a) cutlass (b) cup (c) bulb
14. _____ is the object that is not made of wood. (A) table (b) pin (c) chair
15. One who bakes bread and cake is a_____ (a) Teacher (b) baker (c) barber
16. One who dresses women's hair (a) Bricklayer (b) hairdresser (c) Cook
17. Nurse work in the_____ (a) farm b) bush (c) hospital
18. Barber work in the_____ (a) shop (b) forge (c) bush
19. _____ is made of wood (a)spoon (b) bench (c) biro
20. _____ is made of rubber (a) pencil (b) fork (c) bricket
Section B
choose number 1 and any other 3
1a). Fill the blanks with the correct options from the bracket (Occupation,Profession, Trade)
1- Teaching = _____
2. Farming = _____
3. Sewing = _____
4. Plumbing = _____
5. Nursing = _____
1b Write the names of the workers who do these jobs in the blanks
choose your answer from the brackets (Teacher Carpenter Hairdresser baker Engineer Broadcaster)
1. One who makes wooden materials = _____
2. One who bakes bread and cake = _____
3. One who dresses women's hair = _____
4. One who build roads and bridge = _____
5. One who writes news report for radio = _____
2. List 5 things made with wood
3. List 5 things made of rubber
4. Circle the objects not made of wood in each of the group
1. Table Pin chair
2. Spoon Bench shelf
3. Bed Door Biro
4. Cupboard Basket Blackboard
5. Bottle Window Mortar (5mks)
5. Circle the objects made of rubber
1. Cutlass cup Bulb
2. Jerrycan Can Pestle
3. Pencil Fork Bricket
4. Key Biro Wallet
5. Knife Belt Bowl
CCA
Section A
1. Functional Artworks are meant for our daily use (a) Yes (b)No
2. _____ Artworks are meant for specific purpose (a) functional (b) ceramics (c) Calcas
3. Functional artworks are not meant for decoration (a) Yes (b)No
4. Scissors are best use to cut a straight line (a) True (b)False
5. We sit on a_____ (a) Chair (b)legs
6. _____ is used for storing water (a) Gables (b),pot
7. _____ is used to cover our feet (a) shoe (b)Basket
8. A needle is used to cut (a) Yes (b).No
9. A blade is used to Cut (a) Yes (b) No
10. _____ Shapes are shapes based on rectangle (a) rectilinear (b) Curvilinear
11. Shapes are shapes based on (a) Curve (a).Rectilinear (b) Curvilinear
12. Circle is a rectilinear shape (a).Yes (b) No
13. Rectangle is a curvilinear shape (a) Yes (a) No
14. A rectangle has eight sides (a) True (b) False
15. Needle is used to cut patterns in paper decoration (a) Yes (b) No
16. Glue in paper decoration is used to stick paper together (a) True (b).False
17. Folding of paper is not necessary in this work (a) True (b) False
18. Not all leaves have prominent _____ (a) spoon (b) cup (c) Vason
19. Veins are found on the back of all leaves. (a) Yes (b) No
20. All leaves have prominent veins. (a) True (b) False
Section B
1a List 6 leaves with prominent (1b) List 3 leaves without prominent Veins
2. List 5 examples of functional artwork
3. List 5 materials and tools for designing patterns for paper decoration
4. List 5 examples of rectilinear shapes
5. List 5 tools needed for paper craft decoration
P.H.E
Section A
1. Shooting means to_____ a ball. (a) kick or throw (b) Sing or dance
2. We can shoot with our_____ (a) hands (b) Elbow
3. Shooting when the ball is moving. (A) Yes (b) No
4. _____ means to hit a ball (a) Heading (b) Shooting
5. The player may have to head the ball in the_____ (a) floor (b) air
6. We can hit a ball. (a) Yes (b) No
7. We can head a ball (a) Yes (b) No
8. Heading is one of the ways of playing soccer. (a) Yes (b) No
9. Fundamental rhythm and movement are the basic body movements (a) Yes (b) No
10. Examples of fundamental rhythms and movement are (a) Swinging and stepping (B)dancing and
singing
11. Creative rhythmic movements are movements that go with songs (a) Yes (b) No
12. Examples of creative rhythmic movements are (a) Movement of animals (b) Movement of machines
things
13. At the command of the leader marching could become quick or slow (a) Yes (b).No
14. Example of these animals are _____ (a) Cows and sheep (b).dog and goat
15. One wrong ways of leaping is not bending the knees (a) Yes (b) No
16. One wrong ways of walking is dragging the feet (a) Yes (b) No
17. The skill of heading should be practised regularly. (A) Yes (b) No
18. The skill of shooting must be practised regularly (a) Yes (b).No
19. An example of animal that hop is_____ (b) Frog (b) Mosquito
20. _____ is an example of how animals people move
Section B
1a What are creative rhythmic movements? _____
1b List 6 examples of animals (1c) List 2 examples of machine
2. List 3 examples of animals that hop
3. List 5 examples of animals that move from one place to another
4. List 4 examples fundamental rhythms and movement
5. List 2 examples of manipulative movement
Civic Education
Section A
1. school rules and regulations helps to develop good morals (a) True (b) False
2. The pupils must _____ their leader (a) disrespect (b) respect
3. A classmonitor must be dirty (a) True (b) False
4. _____ Supervise the pupils during Worker (a) classmonitor (b) school prefect
5. Pupils must go to School early (a) Yes (b) No
6. Pupils must not be rude girls (b) No
7. Pupils Must not lie (a) Yes (b) No
8. Civic education helps us to understand (a) Yes (b) No
9. Pupils must always obey their teachers (a) True (b) False
10. One Importance of civic education Is _____ (a) It helps us to know our right (b) It help us to fight.
11. _____ is a system of government (a) civic education (b) Democracy.
12. _____ guide the pupils behavior (a) school rules (b) christian rules
13. Pupils must Obey _____ (a) classmonitor (b) children
14. A monitor must be _____ (a) humble (b) dirty
15. _____ Supervise pupils (a) school prefect (b) classmonitor
16. _____ keep class records (a) classmonitor (b) school prefect.
17. _____ take charge of the class (a) propriator (b) classmonitor
18. _____ keep the class clean and tidy (a) classmonitor (b) Headmistress
19. _____ choose some pupils to Serve as a leaders (a) Church (b) School
20. _____ punctuality is one of the quality of school prefect (a) Neat (b) Home.
Section B
1a. What is CIVIC education? (1b.) State 2 Importance of Civic education (1c). mention 2 skills we can get
from studying CIVIC education
2. List 5 school rules (5mks)
3. List 5 qualities of Classmonitors and school prefect
4. List 4 duties of classmonitor
5. List 4 duties of school prefect
Ethics
Section A
1. Prayer means raising up our (a) Voice (b) Song
2. _____ is a spirit (a) God (b) Man
3. God sees us (a) True (b) False
[Link] we pray we should be (a) quiet (b) Noisy
5. We live in a _____ (a) House (b) Hotel
6. _____ Make us strong (a) Bring (b) Food
7. We can get all things we need from God (a) True (b) False
8. God accepted the prayer of the (a) tax collector (b) pharisee
9. _____ Is the Son of God (a) Jesus (b) Satan10. Jesus came to the world to Save us from our Sins (a)
True (b) False
11. Jesus had a friend called (a) Lazarus (b) Timothy
12. _____ rose Lazarus from the dead. (a) Jesus (b) brother
13. _____ are the people who believed Jesus (a) Disciples (b) brethren
14. Jesus fed five thousand people with _____ loaves of bread (a) five (b) four
15. Jesus ate his _____ supper with his disciples (a) First (b) Last
16. At the Last supper, Jesus prayed for a _____ of bread (a) little (b) piece
17. The bread represented the _____ of Jesus (a) eye (b) body
18. The wine represented the _____ of Jesus. (a) body (b) Hand.
19. Jesus went to a place called _____ (a) Simia (b) Gethsemane
20. We should pray to God In (a) Secret (b) open.
Section B
1a. What does prayer means? [1b] List 5 things we pray for [1c]. List 4 places we Pray
2. State 4 ways of praying to God
3. List 5 disciples of Jesus
4. State 3 reasons why Jesus prayed
5. State 3 Significance of prayer in Jesus life
Verbal Reasoning
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
z y x w v u t s r q p o n m l k jihgfedcba
A. Use the above to answer the following questions
Example: zktov = APPLE
1. yzyb= 6. vuovg=
2. sxzis= 7. sLihv=
3. qfhk= 8. Jfvvm=
4. olzy= 9. urns=
5. xrgb= 10. hsrk=
B. Match the similar sounding words in the table below
Sit dore
Sink pill
Care full
train One
till eight
hiss pit
ate brain
won bask
hook kiss
fool think
C. Rearrange the given letters to form Correct words:
Example: ssalg = glass
1. Tehtom =
2. Esuoh =
3. Sriahc =
4. Snoops =
5. Ceint =
6. Wicaep =
7. teksab =
8. otamoto =
9. hsurbo =
10. elbato =
Quantitative Reasoning
A. Example:
501 502 503 504 505
1.515 _____ _______ ______ _______
2. 501 522 _____ _______ ______
3. 847 _____ _______ ______ _______
4.996 _____ _______ ______ _______
5.451 452 _____ _______ ______
6.671 _____ _______ ______ _______
7. _____ 701 _____ _______
8. _____ 888 _____ _______
9.775 _____ _______ ______
10. _____ 354 _____ _______
B. Circle the biggest number in group
Examples: 449 628 599 502
1. 250 270 340 304
2. 461 637 889 920
3. 817 741 682 791
4. 100 1000 900 800
5. 654 564 544 754
6. 890 791 699 809
7. 499 497 577 517
8. 290 902 802 892
9. 909 990 999 992
10. 692 492 592 792
C. Study the increasing/decreasing pattern of these numbers
Example: 2 4 6 8 10
1. 12, 14, _____ 18, _____, _____
2. 26_____ 30_____ 34, 36, _____
3. 50, 52, _____, _____, _____ 50
4. 36, _____, _____, 42, _____, 46.
5. _____, 28,26, _____, _____, 20
6. _____ 64, _____, 68_____, 72
7. 80, 78_____, _____, _____, 78
8. _____ 98, 96, _____, _____
9. 92, _____, _____, 98, 100, _____
10. 40, _____, _____, 46, _____, _____
English language
1. There are seven days in a (a) year (b) month (c) week (d) day
2. The plural of monkey is (a) monkies (b) monkeys (c) monkow
3. The plural of box is (a) boxs (b) boxes (c) boxies (d) boxing
4. Underline the correct word (a) Computa (b) komputer (c) Computer
5. Stand on your two (a) foot (b) feets (c) feet
6. The _____ is the child (a) baby (b) babies (c) babys
7. Underline the Noun (a) go (b) from (c) bag (d) slow
8. Underline the noun (a) about (b) school (c) behind (d) out
Write "a" or "an" before the following
9 _______church
10 _____ ant
11 _____ orange
12 _____ city
13 _____ animal
14 _____ fan
15. How many months are there in a year? (a) seven months (b) three months (c) sixteen months (d)
nine months
16. The girl wore her _____ on her head. (a) Skirt (b) scarf (c) gown (d) earring
17. What is the plural of ox? (a) oxen (b) oxes (c) oxs (d) oxies
18. Underline the pronoun (a) him (b) dog (c) much (d) every
19. Underline the pronoun (a) it (b) tree (c) little (d) big.
20. A baby dog is called a (a) kitten (b) calf (c) colt (d) puppy
Section B
A Comprehension passage
Good day everyone, My name is Omobola. I am from the western part of Nigeria. My parents and I have
relocated down to Lagos State. I am happy to be in my new School.
Hello, My name is Ikeoma. I was with my uncle in the eastern part of Nigeria. Now I'm back to Lagos to
Live with my parents. I am happy to be in my new School.
My name is zaiky. I lived in the Northern part of Nigeria. with my parents. Last month, my father was
transferred to work in Lagos State. I am very happy to be in my new School.
Hello, my name is pelema. I am from the southern part of Nigeria, but I Live with my parents here in
Lagos State. My parents have both decided to take me to a school. I'm no longer going to my old school.
I am happy to be in my new school.
Comprehension question
1. Where did omobola and her parent relocate to?
2. Who lives here in Lagos State
3. Why are they all happy
4. What are the names of the children mentioned in the passage?
5. Are you happy to be in this School?
B. Write a Composition about "My Self"
Mathematics
1. Add 22 and 23 = (a) 20 (b) 16 (c) 45
2. Subtract 14 from 16 = (a) 10 (b) 2 (c) 6
3. 20+5 = (a) 16 (b) 25 (c) 10
4. Write in figures (Numbers) 200_____ 202_____ 204
5. _____ 212 213 _____
6. 2 ☐ 5 (a) > (b) < (c) =
7. 15 ☐ 11 (a) > (b) < (c) =
8. 10 ☐ 10 (a) > (b) < (c) =
9. Write 25 In words (a) two hundred and five (b) twenty five (c) two five
10. Write 96 In words (a) Ninatysix (b) Nine hundred and six (c) Nine hundred and sixty.
11. Write 100 in words (a) One hundred (b) ten (c) one thousand
12. Write two hundred and fifty in figure (a) 250 (b) 2050 (c) 205
13. Write twelve in figure (a) 120 (b) 102 (c) 12
14. Write thirty nine in figure (a) 390 (b) 39 (c) 309
15. Do the following 3, 6, 9, _____, _____
16. 5, 10, 15 _____, _____
17. 10, 20, 30 _____, _____
18. 14, 12, 10 _____, _____
19. Subtract 2 from 8 =
20. 12+11 =
Section B
A). Complete the following (counting in 2's)
1. 16, 12, 14, _____, _____, _____
2. 29, 23, 24, _____, _____, _____
3. 15, 17, 19, _____, _____, _____
4. 30, 32, 34, _____, _____, _____
5. 9, 10, 12 _____, _____, _____
B). Write these words In figure
1. Twenty One =
2. Fifty Six =
3. Twelve =
4. Thirty-Five =
5. Fifty five =
C). Write these figures in words
1. 20 =
2. 48 =
3. 31 =
4. 28 =
5. 41 =
D) Complete the following (Count in 10's)
1. 10, 20, 30, _____, _____, _____
2. 40, 50, 60, _____, _____, _____
3. 20, 30, 40, _____, _____, _____
4. 45, 55, 65 _____, _____, _____
5. 3, 13, 23 _____, _____, _____
E). Fill in the boxes with <, >
1. 10 ☐ 20
2. 35 ☐ 15
3. 18 ☐ 24
4. 19 ☐ 19
5. 16 ☐ 16