• Reduces fossil fuel
dependence
Keynotes: Renewable Energy • Promotes energy
Technologies independence and
Energy Sources national security
• Non-renewable: A non- • Renewable, no fuel-price
renewable resource is a limited volatility
natural resource that cannot be • Modern Wind Turbines
re-made or re-grown in a short • Pros:
amount of time at a scale • Omni-directional
comparable to its consumption. (accepts wind from
• Renewable: Renewable resources any direction)
are unlimited natural resources • Components can be
that can be replenished in a short mounted at ground
period of time. level (ease of
Renewable Energy Sources service)
• Renewable energy is energy • Lighter weight
generated from natural towers
resources-such as sunlight, wind, • Can theoretically
rain, tides, and geothermal heat- use less materials to
which are renewable (naturally capture the same
replenished). amount of wind
• Main types: • Cons:
• Solar energy • Rotors generally
• Wind near ground where
• Hydropower wind is poorer
• Biomass • Centrifugal force
• Ocean energy stresses blades
• Geothermal • Poor self-starting
• Waste to Energy capabilities
Solar Energy • Requires support at
• Definition: Solar power is one of
top of turbine rotor
• Requires entire
the best renewable energy
sources available because it is rotor to be removed
one of the cleanest sources of to replace bearings
• Overall poor
energy.
• Solar power: The conversion of
performance and
sunlight into electricity either reliability
directly by using photovoltaics or Geothermal Energy
concentrated solar power. • Definition: Geothermal heat is
• Types of Solar Collectors: the only renewable energy source
• Flat-plate Collector created naturally by the Earth
• Evacuated-tube Collector itself.
• Compound Parabolic • The Earth's core, approximately
Concentrator 6400 km below the surface, can
• Parabolic trough reach 5000°C.
Concentrator • These reservoirs can be tapped
Wind Energy for generating electricity or
heating buildings.
• Why Wind Energy?
• The geothermal energy potential
• Clean, zero emissions
in the 10 km of the Earth’s crust
(NOx, SO2, CO, CO2)
amounts to 50,000 times the
• Improves air and water
energy of all oil and gas
quality
resources in the world.
• Addresses climate change
•Geothermal Power Plant • Ocean Thermal Energy
Technologies Conversion (OTEC)
• Includes various systems Biopower
for electricity generation • Biomass
and heating. • One of the promising
• Geothermal Heat Pump sources of renewable
• Operates in both summer energy.
and winter modes for • Biomass is the feedstock
heating and cooling. used to produce
Hydropower bioenergy.
• Definition: Hydropower or water • Bioenergy is energy
power is power derived from the derived from materials
energy of falling water or fast such as straw, wood, or
running water, which may be animal wastes.
harnessed for useful purposes. • Materials can be burned
• Flowing water creates energy that directly for heat/power or
can be captured and turned into converted into liquid
electricity (hydroelectric power). biofuels.
• The most common type uses a • On average, biomass is
dam on a river to store water in a made of 75%
reservoir. carbohydrates and 25%
• Hydropower Plants lignin.
• Impoundments
• Diversion
Types of Biomass
• Pumped Storage Hydropower
Plant On average, biomass is made of 75%
• Stores energy by pumping carbohydrates and 25% lignin1.
water from a lower
reservoir to an upper Main Types of Biomass
reservoir during low
demand. • Wood Pieces
• Releases water back to the • Tree Trimmings
lower reservoir to generate • Wood Shavings
electricity during high • Wheat Straw
demand. • Peanut Shell
Marine and Hydrokinetic Energy • Empty Fruit Bunch
• Definition: Marine and • Rice Husk
hydrokinetic energy systems, a • Corn Cob
new generation of water power • Maize Stalk
technologies, offer the possibility • Sunflower Seeds Husk
of generating electricity from • Waste Carton
water without the need for dams • Wood Chip/Paring
and diversions.
• The ocean can produce: • Biomass Direct Combustion
• Thermal energy from the • Two main components:
sun’s heat Biomass-fired boiler and
• Mechanical energy from Steam turbine.
the tides and waves • Anaerobic Digestion
• Main Technologies • Biological process to
• Tidal Power: Tidal Fences, produce energy from
Tidal Barrages, Tidal organic matter.
Turbines • Biodiesel and Bioethanol
• Wave Power: Point Production
Absorber, Terminator
2
• Biodiesel: Vegetable oil or 4. India
animal fat-based diesel 5. Spain
fuel, made by chemically
reacting lipids with an Biomass 1. United States
alcohol to produce fatty 2. China
acid esters. 3. Germany
• Bioethanol: Alcohol made 4. Brazil
5. Japan
by fermentation, mostly
from carbohydrates in
• End
sugar or starch crops.
Cellulosic biomass from
non-food sources (trees,
grasses) is also used.
Global Renewable Energy Statistics
(2015)
• Top countries for renewable
electricity installed capacity.
• China
• USA
• Germany
• Japan
• India
• Top countries with installed
renewable electricity by
technology.
Technology Top Countries (2015)
Hydropower 1. China
2. Brazil
3. United States
4. Canada
5. Russia
PV (Solar) 1. China
2. Germany
3. Japan
4. United States
5. United Kingdom
CSP 1. Spain
2. United States
3. India
4. Morocco
5. South Africa
Geothermal 1. United States
2. Philippines
3. Indonesia
4. Mexico
5. New Zealand
Wind 1. China
2. United States
3. Germany