■ WFM Quick Notes (For Interview)
■ 1. Optimization
Definition: Optimization means using available resources (agents, time, tools) in the best
possible way to reduce cost and increase performance.
Formula: Optimization = Output (Actual Performance) / Input (Resources Used)
Example: If 9 agents achieve the same target that usually requires 10 agents, the process
is optimized.
■ 2. Utilization
Definition: Utilization shows how much of the total working time is spent doing productive
work.
Formula: Utilization (%) = (Productive Time / Total Logged-in Time) × 100
Example: If an agent is logged in for 8 hours and handles calls for 6 hours → Utilization =
75%.
■ 3. Occupancy
Definition: Occupancy indicates the percentage of total logged-in time spent on talk time +
after call work.
Formula: Occupancy (%) = (Talk Time + ACW) / Total Logged-in Time × 100
Example: Talk Time = 5 hr, ACW = 1 hr, Total = 8 hr → Occupancy = 75%.
■ 4. Shrinkage
Definition: Shrinkage represents the time when agents are not available for work (breaks,
leaves, training, etc.).
Formula: Shrinkage (%) = (Non-productive Time / Total Time) × 100
Example: If 10 out of 100 agents are on leave, Shrinkage = 10%.